ENHANCED NEW GENERATION CURRENCY BANKNOTE SERIES

Currency
Obverse Reverse Color Description
Banknote
The portrait of Manuel Quezon was revised, the
Manuel L. Quezon, Banaue Rice Terraces;
Malacañan Palace was moved from the reverse
Declaration of Filipino as Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
20-Piso Orange to the bottom center of the obverse. The reverse
the national language, philippinensis, Palm Civet;
now features the Banaue Rice Terraces and the
Malacañan Palace Cordilleras weave design
Palm Civet.
The portrait of Sergio Osmeña was revised, a
picture of the first Philippine Assembly and
Taal Lake in Batangas;
Sergio Osmeña, First Osmeña and General Douglas MacArthur's
Catanx ignobilis, Maliputo
50-Piso Philippine Assembly, Red landing in Leyte was added on the lower left
(Giant trevally); Batangas
Leyte Landing corner and bottom center of the bill
embroidery design
respectively. The reverse now features the Taal
Lake and the giant trevally.
The portrait of Manuel Roxas was redesigned,
Manuel A. Roxas, Old a picture of the old Central Bank building and
Mayon Volcano in Albay;
BSP building in the inauguration of the Republic of the
Butanding, Rhincodon
100-Piso Intramuros, Manila, Violet Philippines was added on the lower left corner
typus, whale shark; Bicol
Inauguration of the Third and bottom center of the bill respectively. The
textile design
Philippine Republic reverse now features the Mayon Volcano and
the whale shark.
The portrait of Diosdado Macapagal was
Diosdado P. Macapagal,
revised, the Arroyo oathtaking was moved from
EDSA People Power Chocolate Hills in Bohol;
the reverse to the lower left of the obverse with
2001, Aguinaldo Shrine Tarsius syrichta, Philippine
200-Piso Green the Aguinaldo Shrine at the background and the
in Kawit, Cavite, Tarsier; Visayas weave
Barasoain Church was added on the lower
Barasoain Church in design
middle. The reverse now features the Chocolate
Malolos, Bulacan
Hills and the Philippine Tarsier.
The portrait of Benigno Aquino, Jr. was
redesigned and a portrait of his wife, former
Subterranean Underground
Corazon C. Aquino, president Corazon Aquino, was added, a scene
River in Puerto Princesa,
Benigno S. Aquino, Jr., from the EDSA Revolution was added on the
Palawan; Tanygnathus
500-Piso EDSA People Power I, Yellow lower left of the obverse and the Ninoy Aquino
lucionensis, Blue-Naped
Benigno Aquino Monument was added in the lower middle. The
Parrot; Southern Philippines
monument in Makati City reverse now features the Puerto Princesa
cloth design
Subterranean River National Park and the Blue-
Naped Parrot.
The portrait of Abad Santos, Lim and Escoda
Tubbataha Reefs Natural
were revised, a scene from the Centennial
José Abad Santos, Park in Sulu Sea; Pinctada
celebration of Philippine independence was
1000-Piso Vicente Lim, Josefa maxima, South Sea Pearl; Blue
added on the lower left. The reverse now
Llanes Escoda Mindanao design for Tinalak
features the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park and
(Ikat-dyed abaca)
the South Sea Pearl.
ENHANCED NEW GENERATION CURRENCY COIN SERIES

Currency Coin Obverse Reverse Side

Manuel L. Quezon, Republika ng
BSP Logo, Malacañan Palace, Nilad
20-Piso Pilipinas Microtext, Year Mark, Pantig BSP letters located in 6 Angles
Plant
na P Baybayin Mint Mark
Milled with Edge Lettering
10-Piso Apolinario Mabini Kapa-Kapa Plant
(Bangko Sentral)
5-Piso Andres Bonifacio Tayabak Plant Plain Edge

1-Piso Jose Rizal Waling-Waling Plant Intermittent Reed Edge

25-Sentimo 3 Stars and the Sun Katmon Flower Plain Edge

5-Sentimo 3 Stars and the Sun Kapal-Kapal Baging Plant Reeded Edge

1-Sentimo 3 Stars and the Sun Mangkono Plant Plain Edge

1000-Piso Polymer Banknote

This new banknote strengthens our efforts against counterfeiting, responds to pressing public health and safety
concerns due to covid-19 pandemic, and promotes environmental sustainability. The new 1000-piso polymer
banknote is smarter, cleaner, and stronger than our current paper banknotes

The BSP will release the new banknote in phases starting in April 2022. The new 1000-piso polymer banknote
and the current 1000-piso banknote will coexist and can both be used for payments and transactions

Smarter
Advanced technology, intricate design, and complex security features make counterfeiting significantly more
difficult and costly. The 1000-piso polymer banknote has the following security features: Sampaguita Clear
Window, Serial Numbers, Shadow Thread, Vertical Clear Window, Metallic Features, Blue Iridescent Figure,
Polymer Substrate, Tactile Dots Embossed Prints, Flying Eagle, Enhanced Value Panel

Cleaner
Since the start of the covid-19 pandemic, sanitizing frequently touched objects including banknotes and coins
has become an urgent and widespread need. Not only do viruses and bacteria survive for shorter periods on
polymer compared with paper banknotes, polymer bills can also be sanitized with less risk of damage, making
them cleaner and more hygienic. Polymer banknotes also have a smaller carbon footprint as their production
requires less water, energy, and other resources. It can also be recycled into other useful forms such as
compost bins, building components, furniture, and other household products.

Stronger
The 1000-piso polymer banknote can last 2.5 to 5 times longer than paper banknotes. Given the polymer
banknotes resistance to water, oil, dirt, and general wear and tear. The longer lifespan of the polymer banknote
makes it more cost effective in the long run.

The 1000-piso polymer banknote also features the country’s rich culture flora and fauna showcasing the
Philippine eagle to exemplify the Filipino strength, courage, and love for freedom. The sampaguita to
symbolize purity and hope, and the south sea pearl tubbataha reefs natural park, and t’nalak weave design to
celebrate our natural resources and cultural heritage

The 1000-piso polymer banknote: smarter, cleaner and stronger

Security Features:
1. Polymer Substrate - feel the smooth surface. The banknote is one continuous sheet with transparent
areas
2. Enhanced Value Panel - tilt the note from left to right, and vice versa, to see the rolling-bar effect
3. Sampaguita Clear Window - look through the small transparent window depicting the sampaguita.
Feel the transparent embossed line structures with the text “BSP” inside the flower on the front face of
the note
4. Serial Numbers - look for two identical serial numbers composed of 2 prefix and 7 asymmetric digits
5. Tactile Dots - feel the five highly embossed dots intended to assist the elderly and the visually
impaired
6. Embossed Prints - feel the raised ink that is rough to the touch.
7. Shadow Thread - look for the 5-mm vertical band on either side of the note when viewed against the
light. The denominational value and BSP text appear in repeated series
8. Vertical Clear Window - look through the large transparent vertical window containing multiple security
features
9. Metallic Features - look at the details of metallic image and symbols in the vertical clear window
a. Dynamic Waves - wavy lines on the face of the note move when it is tilted back and forth
b. Republic of the Philippines Seal and Mirrored Denomination - both show moving vertical
line effects when the note is tilted back and forth
c. Bangko sentral ng PIlipinas Logo and 3d Denomination - on the front, the BSP logo and 3D
denomination outline display a striking rainbow effect when the note is tilted at different angles.
On the back, only the BSP logo is Visible
10. Blue Iridescent Figure - tilt and look to see the figure that displays varying tones of blue when the note
is viewed at different angles
11. Flying Eagle - feel the transparent embossed outline of a stylized flying eagle

MONEY COUNTERFEITING
- Paper banknotes get a lot of handling, if a good grade of paper is not used, they would wear out and
have to be replaced
- Even with the best paper, the old two peso bill usually wears out and has to be replaced at the end of
thirty days
- Government buys the very best grade of paper they can get, in order that the paper will last long as
possible
- Special paper also makes it difficult for the counterfeiter to duplicate it
- It is usually the use of wring paper that causes the counterfeited banknote to be detected by ultraviolet
light
Coins
- These are pieces of metal stamped by the government authority, for use as money or collectively
referring to metal currency
Making of Coins
Casting
- Is the most common method of making gold coins
- Plaster molds bearing an image of gold coins are filled (within a low temperature) with alloy made with
lead or tin
- Some mold are used for high temperature metal such as copper or silver alloy
Engraving
Striking or Stamping
- Is the making of an impression of a coin or metal blank by pressure
Examination of Counterfeit Coins
- The suspected counterfeit coin should be examined by a magnifying lens or comparing it with a known
coin
Defects in Coin are Usually Caused By:
- Formation of air bubbles, or
- Removal or small parts of the sole along with the coin
-

ERASURE AND OBLITERATION

Erasure
 - Removal of writing, typewriting or printing from a document
Kinds of Erasure
a. Mechanical or Abrasive erasure
- The writing is effaced by rubbing with a rubber erasure or scratching out with a knife or other sharp
instrument
- It is usually made with a knife, rubber erasure or fine memory paper. When the paper surface is
damaged, the paper become porous and the ink will penetrate the fiber
b. Chemical Erasure
- The writing is effaced by the use of liquid ink eradicator
- Chemical eradicator are made in solution which bleach the color out of the ink, making the writing
appear invisible
- Frequently, the eradicator can be detected by the peculiar odor removing in the paper or with litmus
paper which reveal evidence of tampering
- A chemical alteration may sometimes be detected by the appearance of a pale yellow stains or a slight
discoloration around the suspected alteration/changes
Obliteration
- The blotting out or shearing over the writing to make the original invisible as in addition
Substitution
- A form of alteration when the entire page has been removed from the instrument and has been
replaced by another piece containing matters different from those of the removed pages
EQUIPMENT USED IN QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION
Stereoscopic Microscope
Stereoscopic Examination
- Stereoscopic examination with low and high power objectives is used to detect retouching, pathing and
unnatural pen lift in signature analysis.
- With proper angle and intensity of illumination, it aids in the decipherment of erasures, some minute
manipulation not perfectly pictured to our naked eye and the sequence of entries done by different
writing instruments
Transmitted LIght Examination
- Source of illumination behind and the light passing through the paper, done to: (1) determine the
presence of erasures, (2) matching of serrations, and (3) some other types of alteration
Photographic Examination
- Uses photographs to capture images of specimen: decipherment further is possible through the
enlarged image
- This type of examination is very essential in every document examination
EDSA (Electrostatic Detection Apparatus)
- Detects indention/ indented writings. Records transparencies of any indentation
Ultraviolet Examination
- Ultraviolet rays react on some substances so that visible light is reflected, a phenomenon known as
fluorescence
- This type of examination is done in a darkroom after the lamp has been warmed up in order to give a
maximum output of the ultraviolet light
- Exposure to the ultraviolet light should be the maximum duration in order to avoid fading of some
writing ink and typewriter ribbon
- The exposure of a document in the ultraviolet light is useful when it consist of several pages and
substitution is being suspected
- The color and intensity of fluorescence reaction is very apparent in case of substituted page
- Mechanical and chemical erasures will certainly change the reflectivity and fluorescence of the area
affected
Infrared Examination
- Infrared examination is used for charred documents, consists of harmful radiation
Video Spectral Comparator
- Used in the examination of masked or obliterated text, watermarks, visible fluorescence, paper
fluorescence, and oblique illumination of indented writing and embossing
Oblique LIght Examination
- Decipherment of faded handwriting, determination of outlines in traced forgery, embossed impression,
etc. are subjected to this type of examination
THE EXPERT WITNESS
Expert Witness
 - A witness who by reason of his special training or experience is permitted to express an opinion
regarding the issue, or a certain aspect of the issue, which is involved in a court action
- His purpose is to interpret technical information in his particular specialty in order to assist the court in
administering justice
- There are some preliminary details in connection with the presentation of testimony of a technical
character (questioned document expert) that deserve some attention
- Before an opinion witness is claimed by the court to be an expert witness and allowed to testify which
the law requires, he must be qualified in a legal way showing that the witness has had much
preparation, educational capability and experience as legally qualified him to give an opinion in court on
the subject in dispute
Qualification
- This is the basis on making a witness an expert
- Refers to the professional expert, education, and ability of a document examiner
- Before he is permitted to testify as an expert witness, the court must rule that he is qualified in his field
Who will determine that a person is an expert witness
- The Court
Opinion
- Refers to the document examiner’s conclusion
Examination
- It is the act of making a close and critical study of any material, and with questioned document
examination, it is the process necessary to discover the facts about them
Non-Expert Witness
- Many witnesses are called to testify on some phrases of questioned documents but later turned not
qualified
- Some of these witnesses appeared because they have been urged and led to do so against their own
inclination and judgment while other who know a little about the subject matter appear willingly which
often than not, led to error and wrong conclusion
- This situation may only be discovered through cross examination in a courtroom and searching
questions will often uncover great stretches of gross ignorance
- To the inexperienced and incompetent examiner, any unusual or abnormal feature or quality in writing
is likely be construed as an evidence of lack of genuineness when just the contrary conclusion often is
the correct interference
- What often should be construed as mere carelessness and inconsistent with forgery is interpreted as
significant evidence of lack of genuineness
PREPARATION OF EXHIBITS
Preparation for Court Exhibit
- After the document examiner has completed his examination and the laboratory report has been
submitted, the document examiner prepares the photographic exhibits for court demonstrations and
illustrations
FIndings/ Conclusion
- A detailed examination and comparison between the questioned material and the adequate standards
is the prime duty of a document examiner
- He follows the internationally accepted procedures and principles in document examination
- With his acquired knowledge and scientific expertise in the science and art, he surely recognizes
properly interprets and correctly reasons out the basis of his conclusion, which an ordinary individual
fails to appreciate the significance