On the Philippine

Revolution of 1896
and its
Aftermath
Historical
Context
CAUSES OF PHILIPPINE
REVOLUTION
• Abuses of the Spanish officials
• Failure of Spain to grant reforms asked by the
people
• Persecution of oppressed people
• Racial prejudice and discrimination against the
people
• Desire to regain independence which their
ancestors enjoyed.
• The first battle of the revolution took place in
San Juan del Monte at the dawn of August 30,
1896.
• With less than 1,000 men, Bonifacio attacked
the Spanish garrison.
• It is also know as the Battle of Pinaglabanan.
• The revolution spread to several Luzon
provinces nearby. This prompted Governor-
General Ramon Blanco to place the first 8
provinces (Manila, Laguna, Bulacan, Batangas,
Cavite, Pampanga, Tarlac, and Nueva Ecija) to
revolt against Spain under Martial Law.
The Rise of Aguinaldo
• With the revolutionary
group led by Emilio
Aguinaldo, the province of
Cavite became a hotbed
for the revolution.
• He joined the Katipunan
in 1894 and adopted the
name Magdalo.
• He had strings of victories
starting with the Battle of
Imus.
The Rise of Aguinaldo
• The Magdiwang faction, led by Mariano
Alvarez (Bonifacio’s uncle), recognize
Bonifacio as supreme leader, being the
founder.
• The Magdalo faction led by Baldomero
Aguinaldo (Aguinaldo’s cousin) agitated for
Aguinaldo to be the organization’s head
because of his success in the battle field,
Bonifacio meanwhile has succession of
defeat.
The Rise of Aguinaldo
• The greatest victory of Filipino arms was won
by Aguinaldo in Binakayan, Cavite (Battle of
Binakayan). It fanned the flames of revolution
and thousands of patriots for Bataan,
Mindoro, Zambales, and Ilocos joined the
revolutionary cause.
Bonifacio-Aguinaldo
Rivalry
• In the middle of revolution, a bitter rivalry
between the two leaders developed.
• A split occurred in the ranks of the revolutionist,
the Magdiwangs and the Magadalos.
• Aguinaldo’s troops gave no help to the
Magdiwang, in retaliation, Bonifacio’s men did
not come to aid when Magdalo towns were under
attack by Spanish forces.
Tejeros Convention
• In order to unite the Katipunan in Cavite, the
Magdalo invited Bonifacio to come to Cavite
and agreed to form a Revolutionary
Government (Pamahalaang Paghihimagsik) to
replace the Katipunan and continue the
struggle.
• On March 22, 1897, a meeting was held in
Tejeros that called for the election of officers of
the Revolutionary Government.
Tejeros Convention
• The session opened under the presidency of
Jacinto Lumberas. After a heated discussion
with the other members, Bonifacio reluctantly
chaired the election.
• Bonifacio was confident that he would be
elected President, called for election results to
be respected.
 Tejeros Convention

President: Emilio Aguinaldo Vice-President: Mariano Trias

 Tejeros Convention
Secretary of War: Emiliano
Riego de Dios

Captain General: Artemio

Ricarte
Tejeros Convention
Secretary of Interior: Andres
Bonifacio

Daniel Tirona objected the

election of Bonifacio and said
that the position should be
occupied by a more suitable
person, a lawyer, specifically
Jose del Rosario.
Tejeros Convention
• Having lost his leadership, Bonifacio angrily
walked out of the Tejeros Assembly. He defies
the Revolutionary Government which the
patriots established by majority vote.
• Aguinaldo won the presidency despite of being
absent in the assembly, and was away
fighting is Pasong Santol.
Tejeros Convention
• Aguinaldo won the presidency despite of being
absent in the assembly, and was away
fighting is Pasong Santol.
• Having lost his leadership, Bonifacio angrily
walked out of the Tejeros Assembly, and
declared the election null and void.
Tejeros Convention
• Bonifacio defies the Revolutionary
Government which the patriots established by
majority vote.
• In a letter written by Bonifacio to Jacinto, he
stated that “even before the elections were
made, some of those from Imus had secretly
spread the word that it was not good for them
to be under the leadership of someone from
another province. It was for this reason
Captain Aguinaldo was elected President”.