76 CHAPTER 2

Explore the Concept at MyPsychLab

2.1 2.6 2.7 2.8
CONCEPT MAP
often relied on dissection
older
2.2 methods
techniques after death
study animals or humans with brain damage;
unable to directly damage may be by accident, injury, or in animals,
observe function lesioning studies deliberate
2.3 brain areas can be studied according to the location
of lesions (injured or destroyed areas) or through
Looking Inside the Living Brain electrical stimulation (invasive or noninvasive)
2.4 (methods for studying the structures and/or activity of the living brain)
mapping structure
based on X-ray
computed technology;
2.5 mapping function
has good temporal but relatively tomography
poor spatial resolution; records good for
(CT) imaging brain
the the electrical activity of the brain
electroencephalogram through the use of scalp structure, especially
2.6 (EEG) electrodes; both spontaneous when there is
activity and event-related metal in the body
potentials (ERP) can be studied
2.7 superior spatial
activity can be classified according magnetic
resolution
to frequency and morphology; resonance
for structure
traditional bands include delta, imaging
theta, alpha, and beta (MRI)
2.8
used for imaging function; involves injection of a radioactive tracer
positron emission that binds to glucose, records activity of cells that use radioactive glucose
tomography (PET)
2.9
image brain function through tracking changes in blood oxygen levels;
functional MRI
increase in oxygen levels associated with increased functioning
(fMRI)
2.10

medulla thalamus
structures under the cortex
2.11 pons hypothalamus
the hindbrain limbic system
reticular formation hippocampus
cerebellum amygdala
2.12
From the Bottom Up: The Structures of the Brain

PRACTICE quiz How Much Do You Remember? ANSWERS AVAILABLE IN ANSWER KEY.

Pick the best answer.

1. Which of the following techniques analyzes blood oxygen 4. If you were to develop a rare condition in which you were
levels to look at the functioning of the brain? not able to remember to be afraid of certain situations,
a. EEG animals, or events, which part of the brain would most likely
b. CT be damaged?
c. fMRI a. cingulate cortex
d. PET b. hypothalamus
2. Which brain structure allows us to pay attention to certain c. thalamus
stimuli while ignoring others? d. amygdala
a. medulla 5. If your roommate has a problem paying attention, it may be
b. cerebellum due to damage to this part of the limbic system.
c. reticular formation a. hippocampus
d. pons b. hypothalamus
3. Which brain structure relays incoming sensory c. cerebellum
information? d. cingulate cortex
a. thalamus
b. hypothalamus
c. reticular formation
d. pons