COMPARATIVE BASIN STRATIGRAPHY CONGO

KWANZA - NAMIBE

RELATIVE CHANGE OF

FORMATION

FORMATION
AGE IN MY

AGE IN MY
COASTAL ONLAP
ERRATUM

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
SYSTEM

STAGES
(C0NGO) (KWANZA)
SERIES

UNITS
CONGO BASIN KWANZA BASIN NAMIBE BASIN TECTONIC
PHASE

S
S

IC
C

IC

NI
NI

N
N

TO

O
TO

O
LANDWARD BASINWARD

TH
TH
NK

NK
N

N
W E W E E 1.0 0.5 0

A
W

BE

BE
PL

PL
0

HOLOCENE
UNIT

(CIRQUES EQ.)
QUATERNARY MILAZZIAN
Silt, ferruginous and clay. Several unconformi-
CIRQUES

Sand, silt, ferruginous SSt and clay. Several

7
PLEISTOCENE QUELO MUSSEQUES

UNNAMED
SICILIAN
EMILIAN unconformities are noted with associated ties are likely with associated sand. Continen-
U sand development. Continental depositional BTS 10 tal depositional environment. BTS 10
NE

CALABRIAN
1.65
CE

TS 10
5

PIACENZIAN
environment. TS 10
3.5
WESTWARD
IO

L LUANDA Luanda is likely to extend from BURDIGALIAN to PLIOCE-

PL

ZANCIEAN
5.2
MESSINIAN
NE. Calcareous and argillaceous sands.
Litoral depositional environment. 5
SUBSIDENCE
6.3 Delta sands, interbedded siltstone and PHASE P
UPPER

EROSION
OR
claystone. Good delta sand reservoirs are TS 9
TS 9
H
TORTONIAN NON DEPOSITION associated with unconformities. Inner neritic EROSION
OR Sands with clay and silt. A
depositional environment.
NEOGENE

10
NON DEPOSITION
BTS 6/7 (PHASE VIII) S
10.2 TS 8 BTS 6/7 E
TS 8 10
10.5
Variable lithology from fluvial sands to
MIDDLE
MIOCENE

SERRAVALLIAN
TS 7 insterlayers of sand and crinoidal l.st to TS 7
marl-shale-silt. Sand layers near the 15

QUIFANGONDO
unconformities are likely reservoir poten- VIII

QUINDABELE
15 15.2
CACUACO

LANGHIAN
TS 6
tial. Litoral, circalitoral depositional envi- TS 6
MALEMBO

16.2 Variable lithology in interbedded shales and ronment.

silts. BTS 5/6
BURDIGALIAN Thin turbiditic reservoirs are noted near BTS 5/6 Variable lithology from fluvial sands to
unconformity levels. Inner neritic depositional TS 5 BOM JESUS crinoidal l.st and sands to marl-shale-silt. TS 5 Shale, silt, marl.
environment. Reservoirs are likely.
LOWER

20 20
UNIT 20
Notable volcanism in deep basin
TS 4 BTS 4 FUNDA TS 4 BTS 4
6 21
AQUITANIAN
Variable lithology from fluvio-continental
CATALA sands to marl-clay-silt to shale and silt
25 TS 3 Sand layers are likely to be present near 25
TS 3
25.2
CALOMBOLOCA
unconformities. Reservoirs are likely.
UPPER

BTS 2/3 BTS 2/3

OLIGOCENE

TS 2 Depositional environment range from TS 2

CENOZOIC

CHATTIAN
TERTIARY

Variable lithology in shales, silts, marls and

CHIO
outer platform to bathyal.
CALOMBOLOCA

30 limes. Bathyal - neritic depositional

30
environment. Noted thin turbiditic sands near TS 1 BTS 1
30
P
TS 1 BTS 1
the uncoformity. Erosion or not deposition H
LOWER

EROSION
RUPELIAN
OR
NON DEPOSITION
near offshore and onshore. A
S
35
EROSION
OR NOT E
NOT
36 RECOGNIZED
NON DEPOSITION Sands, silt, shale. RECOGNIZED 35
UPPER

PRIABONIAN

39.4 TI 7 VII
40 TI 7
39.5
PALEOGENE

BARTONIAN
Variable lithology in shales, silts, marls. 40
Reservoirs sands developed near the
EOCENE

42
unconformities. Crinoidal limestones and
MIDDLE

sandstones in Ambrizete, member a coastal BTI 6/7

depositional environment. TI 6
45 TI 6 BTI 6/7
AMBRIZETE
LUTENIAN
Variable lithology from sands-silt, 45
(LANDADANA EQ.)
Reservoir bearing deltaic channel sands CUNGA
marl-clay-silt to shale-silt. Thin layers of
development
LANDANA

limestone.
UNNAMED

49 Erosion near offshore.

50 Pelagic depositional environment.
49.5
LOWER

TI 5 50
BTI 5 GRATIDAO
YPRESIAN TI 5 BTI 5 UNIT
5 DRIFT
54
TI 4 BTI 4
TI 4 BTI 4 Volcanism PHASE
55 P
55 H
TI 3
A
PALEOCENE
UPPER

TI 3
THANETIAN
Variable lithology having shales, marls and
(PHASES IV-VII) S
silts. Thin sandy reservoirs are noted near the E
unconformities (1). BTI 1
Lithology includes shale, marl and layers 59.5
60
60.2 RIO DANDE
of dolomitic limestone and limestone. BTI 1
60
Neritic bathyal depositional environment. TI 2 Moderate source potential. TI 2
Marine shales, silts, marls.
LOWER

DANIAN Source potencial is in selective basinal areas. Platform depositional environment. VI

65 TI 1 TI 1
3

65
66.5
(POST RIFT)
UPPER

67
CS 9
ALTO
CS 9
70
MAASTRICHTIAN
BCS 8/9 70
TEBA BCS 8/9
LOWER

SEPULTURES P
Llithology includes fluvio-continental H
(SENONIAN)

74
sands-silts, interlayers of crinoidal l.st, A
75 Variable lithology having shales, marls and marls, shales and siltstone.
silts. Bathyal pelagic depositional environ- 75 S
UPPER

ment. E
CS 6/8
Platform depositional environment. CS 6/8
UNNAMED
(IABE EQ.)

CAMPANIAN
BOLD
Very good marine source rocks that are BCS 6/7 BCS 6/7
regional in extent. Good source potencial. Likely reservoirs Marine shales, silts, marls.
IABE
UPPER

80
are in sands and l.st. Good source is likely. 80
LOWER

Thin sandy reservoirs near the unconformity. UNIT V

4
84
CS 5
UPPER

85 CS 5 85
SANTONIAN
BCS 4/5 BCS 4/5
LOWER

NGOLOME
CS 4
FRIO
CS 4
88
U L

CONIACIAN
CRETACEOUS

89
U M

90
AZUL
Reservoirs in (1) Lago sst and (2) Azul sst CS 3 Lithology includes fluvial sands to marine CS 3
90
MESOZOIC

TURONIAN
Lithology is variable mixture of silt, shale, BCS 2/3 marls, claystones and siltstones. Good source BCS 2/3
CS 2
MORRO
L

LAGO
marl. DA CRUZ
potential. CS 2
1

ITOMBE
92
Pelagic depositional environment.
U

Reservoirs in (1) Mesa dolomite (2) Vermelha

1

MESA
Varied lithology from fluvial sands to mari-
Cs 1b

sst Lithology is variable mixture of silt, lime

M

CENOMANIAN BCS 1
ne carbonetes, marls, silts and clay. Poten- P
Cs 1b
2

95 and clay. Fluvial to marine transational BC 1 94

H
ZENZA/

tial reservoirs are in Cabo Ledo carbona-

L

depositional environment.
MUCONGA
95
CS 1

CABO LEDO
VERMELHA
CS 1

? ? tes. Pelagic depositional environment. A

SANDSTONE
96
Varied lithofacies that grade from sands to carbo- ? ?
S
5

MOITA SECA
nates. Reservoirs in shoal carbonates and porous Varied lithofacies grading from continental fluvio-
IAL
UPPER

Cs 1a

E
ALUV

sandstones are known. The lithofacies from coast -alluvial, sabkha, shelf edge to deep marine facies.
2

Cs 1a

QUISSONDE
UP
to offshore are (1) Vermelha-continental, (2) Verme- 98
(PINDA EQ.)

Varied lithological sequences

VIO

5
UNNAMED

lha-fluvio/alluvial, (3) Bufalo-marine, (4) Pinda car- Depositional environment varies from fluvio-
2

100
PINDA

-FLU

PUNJA
bonate platform with high energy oolitic shoals -continental, lagoonal to outer platform. from very coarse sands, sands, 100
ELHA

PACASSA
(Pacassa) and open marine carbonates (Punja), carbonate buildups to deep
MIDDLE

MP MUCANZO/
ALBIAN
(5) Moitaseca (bathyal-neritic)-deep marine, BC 1 CACOBA BC 1
UNIT
VERM

Good reservoir and source potential. marine marl, shale, silt.

4

CATUMBELA
1

(6) Pinda sandstones-marine.

3 IV
PINDA

Good reservoir is likely in

SANDSTONE

Encountered lithologies include sand and silt,

3
6

C1 DONDO
CS 1
Good reservoirs same source potential. anhydrite, dolomite, crinoidal l.st, argillaceous carbonate buildups.
1

LP
105 BUFALO
l.st marl and shale. 105
LOWER

TUENZA
3

Marine depositional environment .

Anhydritic, dolomite and sand;subreefal
1-Mesa 2-Vermelha
VERMELHA
CONTINENTAL
carbonates are locally developed in
MAVUMA
INHUCA
BINGA QUIANGA
Quianga lagoonal depositional environment. 107.5
108 PENESALINE-1
Penesaline -1 layers of carbonate clay and anhydritic.
Layers of anydrite, halite and other salts. Wherever UNIT Marine sequence-shale, silt and TRANSITIONAL
LOWER UPPER

Massive salt with diapers penetrated upto Tertiary sedi- 1

ANHYDRITE
LOWER

MASSIVE SALT
present, acted as inhibitant to upward oil migration.
2
LOEME LOEME
ment. Restrictid evaporitic environment. sand. PHASE
AS 12

110 MASSIVE SALT

?
(PHASE IV) POST
Restrict evaporitic depositional environment. 2 110
APTIAN Penesaline -2 layers of carbonate, anhydritic, clay.
PENESALINE 2 RIFT
CHELA
Marine transgressive sequence in a transitionalenvironment. A
C IX
A 3 Marginal marine transgression.
AS 11

112
Good porous sandstone with layers of shale limestone. Acted as
Shale, silt and sand.
K 13

GREY CUVO Marginal marine transgressive sequence. Layers of sand,

113
UB
pipe rock HC migration.
AS
1 ? silt, claystone and carbonate. Moderate reservoirs. 1 4 LATE
VOVO
TOCA VO Lacustrine shales, silts and limestone. Good organic rich 9/10 2
U

C VII/IX
Lacustrine sequence shales and silts
VO

MA
ZI shale. Layers are present al places. Lacustrine turbidites B
ORGANIC CUVO
2
115 BARREMIAN CO OB (Vovo member) developed at places. Good source and reser- 3 Recognized unusual massive salt in Maculungo (500m 3
K 15

BU
voir. Lacustrine carbonate mounds (TOCA) ou basement flanks
AS
6/8 thick). Lacustrine sequence-siltstone shale and carbonate. 4 B C V/VI with volcanics. Likely source. 115
L

LB 4 Good source potential. Lacustrine depositional environ- 5

in UB. Restrict lagoonal-lacustrine depositional environment. C IV
K 16

MASSIVE SALT
PRESALT

116.5
VO
ment. 6
C IV P
U

DRIFT PHASE H
CU
RE
D
5
5
A
PRESALT
K 17

HAUTERIVIAN 7
? 6
S
L

120
CUVO

120 AS
Possibly continental red beds with basement ?
NEOCOMIAN

ERVA
MACULUNGO

3/5
121
intraclasts. Poor reservoir and poor source. Possibly continental red beds. UNIT (PHASE III) E
Continental sequence with lacustrine
Lithology is siltstone claystone, shale. 6 Lithology is siltstone, clyst, conglomerate, 7
1 influence.
U

carbonates, volcanoclasts and basement 8 8

? intraclasts. ?
Depositional environment is continental to ? Present in reservoirs and source.
K 18

125
VALANGIAN
lacustrine. Silts and shales with extensive
7 ? volcanoclasts. 125 III
L

The lower lithological sequence in wells Volcanics are likely.

126 EARLY
128 ? Maculungo, Calomboloca indicate to be
U

LUCULA Lucula is fluvio-alluvial sands with stringers of clay, lime and basement CALOMBOLOCA Jurassic. 128.5
RYAZANIAN clasts. Good reservoir, Fluvio-continental depositional environment. I N I T I AT I O N PHASE
PHASE
L

130
II
QUEMBELE
Nacanga is cherty limestone on basement flanks and fractured reservoir,
NACANGA likely to be a Pre-Neocomian (Jurassic) in lacustrine (?) environment. ? 130
131
PRE RIFT P
CAMBAMBE
MAYOMBE

CONGO PALYNOMORPHS

CABINDA PALYNOMORPHS

CAL.NANNOPLANK.

PALYNOMORPHS
CONGO CALNANINOPLT.

PHASE H
CABINDA OSTRACODS

Mesozoic volcanics overlying the

AGE IN MY

AGE IN MY
Precambrian granitic and gneissic basement.
CONGO OSTRACODS

Precambrian basement inundated by

OSTRACODS

BSMT

older than 600 my. The high areas are inundated, A

BSMT

hypabyssal dykes and Mesozoic volcanism. Precambrian basement. Pulses of

PC sporadically, by hypabyssal dykes or Mesozoic Volcanism is estimated to be around 111 MY, volcanism is likely in the entire S
-

volcanics. Volcanism is estimated to be around 133-135 MY and 164 + 10 MY. (PHASE I AND II)

I
130 my. stratigraphic column. E

BLOCK 2, 3 BLOCK 3,4 ONSHORE, LWR CABINDA MUBAFO (BLOCK 5)

CABINDA CONGO, BLOCK 2 AREA A NAVALHA CEGONHA (BLOCK 6) ONSHORE
AREA B, C ONSHORE GAVIÃO FLAMINGO-1 ONSHORE
CABINDA AREA A BLOCK 7,8
CABINDA (BLOCK 6,7)
AMBRIZ-2 (BLOCK 5) WSW ENE
NNW SSE WSW ENE WSW ENE
5

MOITA SECA
UP
5

UP U
FLUVIO/ALLUVIAL

UP
VERMELHA

U
4

A B
4

QUISSONDE CATUMBELA
PUNJA
MP
4

PACASSA PINDA LAGOONAL

A M
MP
DONDO
MP PUNJA

LP M
3

PINDA SANDSTONE
L
2

LP
TUENZA
2

PACASSA VERMELHA
BUFALO CONTINENTAL
SHELF-EDGE NOT TO SCALE
6

PACASSA
MUCANZO/CACOBA
LP
D ZONE
WAR in by
UPnderlant ridge MAVUMA
U seme DOLOMITES
L
D ZONE ba BINGA/QUIANGA
WAR in by NE
UPnderlant ridge P ZO y Schematic view of Albian Platfotm in Namibe Basin. Shelf-edge carbonate buildups are anticipated.
U seme
ZONyE WAR in b e No exploration well in the basin.
E ba UPn erla ridg
LOP NOT TO SCALE ARD b U dement
S HELF-S UPW derlain ridge as
Un ement b
s
PE ba NOT TO SCALE
-SLO
SHELF
Schematic view of Albian Platfotm in Congo Basin. Varied lithologies are noted across the basin from
onshore to present day shelf-slope. Prominent oolitic carbonate reservoirs in Upper, Middle and Lower Schematic view of Albian Platfotm in Kwanza Basin. Reservoir s (A,B) are in Upper, Middle (Catumbela)
Albian are associated with upward zones (or paleo shelf-edge). Chert market beds are noted in Middle and Lower (Tuenza) Albian Carbonates, associated with upwarp zones (or paleo shelf-edge).
Pinda.

Schematic Albian platform showing varied lithofacies in Congo, Kwanza and Namibe
10E 15E

Biostratigraphy: explanation Biostratigraphy: explanation Biostratigraphy: explanation EXPLANATION OF TECTONIC PHASE:

A

ire
IND

N Za 5S
R.
CAB

1. Presalt: Congo Basin 2. Albian - Cenomanian (zonation based on Gofas, 1985) 4. Paleocene - Eocene (zonation based on Gofas, PHASE-I : LANDSCAPE OF EXTREME PENEPLANATION
1985).
Cabinda Ostracods by Chevron: 1. Hourcquia africana, 2. Petrobrasia Albian: Planktonic Foraminifer: Favusella washitensis; PHASE-II : DOMING AND FLOOD BASALT ERUPTION CONGO
spp. Benthonic Foraminifer: Trocholina silvai; Veenia spp. (Ostracods); Planktonic: TI 1- Globorotalia trinidadensis/Globigerina DEPOSITED FLUVIO-ALLUVIAL SEDIMENT. BASIN
3. Cypridea (Sebastianities), 4. Reconcavona, Nannoconus donatensis (Calcareous Nannoplankton); daubjergensis; TI 2 - Morozovella angulata; TI3 -
5. Paracypridea, 6. Tucanocypris, 7. Metacypris. Globorotalia PHASE-III : RIFTING AND CONTINENTAL EXTENSION. DEPOSITED
OCEAN

Anomalina berthelini (Benthonlc Foraminifer) Ambris

velascoensis; TI 4 - Globorotalia aequa/lensiformis CONTINENTAL AND LACUSTRINE SEDIMENT.
Lower Congo Ostracods: Zonation by Grosdidier, E. Cenomanian: Dominated by Planktonics. Luanda
Benthonic: BTI - 1/3 - Bolivina africana Eponides PHASE-IV : THERMAL SUBSIDENCE, EVAPORITE FORMATION KWANZA
Common Occurence is Hedbergellids and Rotaliporids. DEPOSITED MARINE DOMINETED SEDIMENT, SEA-LEVEL RISE. BASIN
Lower Congo Calcareous Nannoplankton: Zonation by Sissingh, 1977. pseudoetevatus BTI 4 - Lexostomoides/Nuttalides;
BTI 5 - Uvigerina spp. BTI - Eponides elevatus.
3. Turonian to Maastrichtian (zonation based on Gofas, 1985) PHASE-V : ACCELERATED PLATE SEPARATION AND FURTHER SEA -LEVEL RISE.
10S

A) C. litterarius B) M. obtusus
Planktonic Zone CS 9-Rugoglobigerina; CS 6/8 - Contusotruncana Biostratigraphy: Explanation
ATLANTIC

PHASE-VI : DROP IN RATE OF PLATE SEPARATION, FALL IN SEA-LEVEL.

Cabinda Palynomorphs: Zonation by Chevron fornicata;
5 - Oligocene - Miocene _Pliocene PHASE-VII : SUBSTANTIAL FALL IN SEA-LEVEL, NON DEPOSITION ON THE MARGIN. Lobito
Congo Palynomorphs: Zonation by Drapeau, 1984. CS 5 - Dicarinela carinata; CS 4 - Praeglobotruncana inornata; WESTWARD TILT AND STRONG UPLIFT.
Planktonics (zonation based on Meijer, 1972)
Kwanza Basin CS 3 - Archaeoglobigerina; CS 2 - Whiteinella spp. TSI - Globigerina ampliapertura; TS 2 - Globigerina PHASE-VIII : RISE FOLLOWED BY FALL IN SEA-LEVEL LEAD TO TRANSGRESSION
angulisuturalis; TS 3 - Globigerinoides primordius; AND REGRESSION. SECOND TIME, WESTWARD TILT AND MARGIN Lucira

UPLIFT.
Ostracods: 1. Cypridea spp. 2. Hourcquia africana Benthonics: BCS 8/9 - Orthokarstenia clavata; TS 4 - Globigerinita; TS 5 - Globigerinatella insueta;
3. Cypridea aff. salvadorensis, 4. Petrobrasia tenuistriatra TS 6 - Globorotalia fohsi s.l.; TS 7 - Globorotalia siakensis;
TS 8 - Globorotalia menardii; TS 9 - Globorotalia For elaboration of tectonic phase, Refer
5. Cypridea spp. 6. Candona cf. gregaria, 7. Reconcavona ? polita, Namibe 15S
BCS 6/7 - Orthokarstenia dentata/Gabonita elongata; “Avaliação de Formações de Angola”,
8. Paracypridea brasiliersis acostaensis; TS 10 - Globorotalia margaritae. SCHLUMBERGER, 1991
NAMIBE
BASIN
BCS 4/5 - Stensioeina spp;
Calcareous nannoplankton: similar to Congo Benthonics (zonation based on Gofas, 1985)
BCS 2/3 - Gabonita obesa/Dorothia oxycona BTS 1 - Uvigerina alazanesis;
Palynomorphs: Zonation by A Doerenkamp. BTS 2/3 - Gavelinella stenzelli/Uvegerina mantaensis; Namibia
0

100 1000km
1. Gnetaceapollenites 2. Cicatricosisporites diversus BTS 4 - Gavelinella beninensis; BTS 5/6 - Eponides eshira/
3. Monosulcites, 4. Araucariacites, 5. Classopolis classoides, /Bolivina interjuncta;
6. Dicheiropolis etruscus, 7. Clavatipollenites hughuesii, BTS 6/7 - Marginulina costata;
8. Concavissimisporites cf. variverrucatus BTS 10 - Rectuvigerina siphogenerinoides.
Autor: 11/00 DEX
Computer Drafted: DEX
GAD - DRAFTING INTERPRETATION DEPT.

REFERENCES:
BASIN
1. Chronostratigraphic scale is from “Chronoly of Flutuating Sea Levels Since The Triassic” U. Bilal, Hardenbol and Peter R. Vail, 1987, Science.
2. Lithostratigraphic Columns - Stratigraphic Commission For Angola Sedimentary Basins, 1985. STRATIGRAPHY
3. Biostratigraphy: Mario G.P. Brandao, Laboratorio de Exploracao e Producao (Sonangol).

GAD200707-CEST0001- I