Structure and function of the Body systems-2

Cardiovascular System

Dr. Hamza Mohamed Sharif, PhD

Anatomy Department
Learning objectives:
By the end of a lecture , students will be able to:

 Enlist the different types of blood vessels.

 Identify the heart chambers and valves.
 Identify the Pulmonary circuit and Systemic circuit.
 List the arteries supplying blood to all major body
structures.
Cardiovascular system

 The cardiovascular system has three

types of blood vessels:
 Arteries (and arterioles) – carry blood
away from the heart.
 Capillaries – where nutrient and gas
exchange occur.
 Veins (and venules) – carry blood toward
the heart.
Blood vessels
The Heart
 The heart is a cone-shaped, muscular organ
located between the lungs behind the sternum,
into the left to midline.
 The heart muscle forms the myocardium,
 The heart is covered by the pericardium .
 The heart has 4 chambers:
Right atrium , right ventricle , left atrium and
left ventricle .
 Atrioventricular valves occur between the
atria and ventricles – the tricuspid valve on
the right and the bicuspid valve (Mitral ) on
the left .
External surface of the heart
 Superior vena cava Arch of aorta

Pulmonary trunk

Right atrium

Tricuspid valve

Papillary muscle
Aorta
The aorta is the largest single blood vessel in the
body. This vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from
the left ventricle to the various parts of the body.

Pulmonary Artery
The pulmonary artery is the vessel transporting
de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to
the lungs.

Pulmonary Vein
The pulmonary vein is the vessel transporting
oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left
atrium.
 Papillary Muscles
The papillary muscles attach to the lower part
of the wall of the ventricles. which attach to
the Tricuspid valve in the right ventricle
and the Mitral valve (Bicuspid) in the left
ventricle.
Internal view of the heart
Blood Supply of the Heart
Right Coronary artery & Left Coronary artery.
It originates from the ascending aorta and supplies the heart
itself.
 The cardiovascular system includes two
circuits:
1) Pulmonary circuit which circulates
blood through the lungs, and heart.
2) Systemic circuit which carries
oxygenated blood away from the heart
to the body, and returns deoxygenated
blood back to the heart.
Difference between the two circulations?

 Systemic- Starts at the left ventricle and ends at

the right atrium.
 Pulmonary- It begins on the right ventricle and
ends on the left atrium.
Arterial Supply to the head and Neck :
The Common Carotid Artery :
Ascending upward to the neck then divided into external carotid artery and
internal carotid artery .
The External Carotid Artery : gives several branches to supplies muscles
of face and neck .
The Internal Carotid Artery : pass inside of skull and supplies the brain .
Arterial Supply to the Upper Limb :

-The Subclavian artery between the clavicle and first rib.

-The Axillary artery in the axilla.
-The Brachial artery in the arm. commonly used for routine
Blood Pressure measurements.
Arterial Supply to the Abdomen :
Abdominal Aorta:It is continuous from thoracic aorta.
The common iliac arteries:
it is the terminal end of abdominal aorta.
Major Veins of the Neck :
1. The internal jugular: alongside the
internal carotid artery, deep to the
sternocleidomastoid muscle.
2-The subclavian vein drains the arm and
travels inferior to the clavicle.
Superficial Veins in upper limb:-
1-The cephalic vein arises from the lateral side of the
dorsal venous arch.
2-The basilic vein arises from the medial side of the dorsal
venous arch.
3-The median cubital vein: between the cephalic and
basilic veins.
❑ Venipuncture, also called phlebotomy, is a procedure in
which a needle takes blood from a vein.
Superficial Veins in lower limb:
1. The great saphenous vein, the longest vein
in the body, arises from the medial side of the
dorsal venous arch.
2-The small saphenous vein arises from the
lateral side of the dorsal venous arch.
Dr. Hamza Mohamed Sharif
 References:
Thanks