‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

Introduction &
Anatomical terms
Introduction to Anatomy

What is Anatomy ?
Every thing has its anatomy !!!
Parts and relation!!
 Definition of Anatomy

Anatomy is the study of structure of body

and physical relationships involved
between body parts.
Meaning of Anatomy- Dissection

“To cut open”:

What ?
Why ?
 Branches of anatomy

Anatomy

Macroscopic Microscopic Developmental

anatomy anatomy anatomy
 Anatomical position is:

• Standing upright
• Legs together and knee
straight
• Toes pointing straight
forwards
• Arms by the side
• Palms facing forwards
 ANATOMICAL PLANES

An imaginary, flat surface passing through the body

or organ (that cuts the structure)
Ways to section/cut. . . . . . .
 Body Planes for sectioning
• Sagittal – divides the body into right and left
parts
• Midsagittal or median – sagittal plane that
lies on the midline
• Frontal or coronal – divides the body into
anterior and posterior parts
• Transverse or horizontal (cross section) –
divides the body into superior and inferior
parts
• Oblique section – cuts made diagonally
Why cut (section) human body ?

...…..... for observation

Sagittal section of head & neck
The language of Anatomy -
“Anatomical terms”

Describe the relations in the picture !!!!!

 Terms of motion
• General motion:
– Flexion
– Extension
– Abduction
– Adduction
– Elevation
– Depression
– Medial rotation
– Lateral rotation
• Special motions of hands and feet:
(Shall be covered later)
 Terms of motion
Movement Definition Example
Flexion Bending movement that decreases the Bending the elbow
angle between two parts.

Extension Straightening movement that increases the Straightening the

angle between body parts elbow
Abduction Pulling a structure or part away from the Raising the arms
midline of the body laterally.
Adduction Pulling a structure or part toward the Dropping the arms
midline of the body to the sides.
Elevation Movement in a superior direction. Elevating the apex of
the shoulder.
Depression Movement in an inferior direction. Depressing the apex
of the shoulder.
Thank you!