Bone

Q1). Draw and label organizational components of bone

Q2).Draw, Label and explain the role of osteoclast in bone resorption

The osteoclasts are the bone resorption cells . The bone resorption occours through following process

1) Attachement of osteoclasts to mineralized surface of bone.

2) Creation of sealed acidic microenvoirnment through the action of the proton pump ,which
demineralizes bone and exposes the organic matrix
3) Degradation of exposed matrix by action of released enzymes such as acid phosphatase and
cathepsin B
4) Endocytosis at the ruffled border of organic degradation products
5) Translocation of degradation products in transport veshicles and extracellular release along
membrane opposite the ruffled border
What are different processes of bone ossification /What is endochondral & intramembraneous bone
ossification

Intramembranous ossification

At the site where bone formation occour loose mesenchymal

cells that are widely deperated pale stained and stellate
shaped form

Capillaries grown into the mesenchyme and the center of

osteogenisis develop

The mesenchymal cells which are round basophilic with

thick interplasmic processes diffrentiate into osteoblasts
which secrete osteoid.

The osteoblasts are then entrapped in bone matrix and

osteocyte

in the end there is the calcification of the matrix

Endochondal Bone Ossification

 The process of ossification which takes place by replacement of cartilage is endochomdral

ossification
 Example: extremities of long bones, vertebrae, ribs, articular extremity of mandible, base of skull
Q5. What is bone turnover? What are its different phases.

The process by which the overall size and shape of bone is established is referred to as bone remodeling

Occurs in discrete focal areas involving group of cells called basic multicellular units

 Phases:
 Activation: osteoclasts get activated by RANK and RANKL interaction
 Resoprtion: osteoclasts resorb the bone with the help of ruffled border, proton pump and
enzymes
 Reversal: inhibition of osteoclastic activity by OPG and RANK interaction. Osteoblasts also
produce a cement line
 Formation: new bone is deposited by osteoblasts
 Resting: osteoblasts become quiescent and flattened bone lining cells

Q7.What is diffrences between mature and immature bone

Parameters Mature Bone Immature Bone

Nomenculature Known as Lamellar Bone Known as Woven Bone
Collagen Fiber arrangement Orderly Intertwined
Interfibrillar space Less More
Rate of Formation Slow Fast
Rate of Mineraltion Slow Fast
Mineral Density High Low
Water Content Low High
Removal Process Only a portion can be removed Can be removed completely by
by osteoclasts the osteoclasts
Q6. Differentiate
between compact and
spongy bone