OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY, ILE-IFE, NIGERIA

Department of Mathematics

HARMATTAN SEMESTER 2022/2023 Sessio

Ogundare, B. S. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I - SET THEORY(B). / 19
 MTH 101 - ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I.
COURSE UNITS: 5
COURSE LECTURER: Ogundare, B. S.
(MBB 014, Yellow House Building)

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Ogundare, B. S. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I - SET THEORY(B). / 19
 SET THEORY - Continued
Course Outlines

Algebra of sets: Idempotent, Commutative, Associative, Distributive,

Identity, De-Morgans, Duality, and Complement laws; Venn diagram;
Cartesian product of set. Functions: domain and range of functions,
Injective, surjective and bijective maps; Product of functions..

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Ogundare, B. S. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I - SET THEORY(B). / 19
General Information: This material will serve as revision
or recap of SET THEORY that we concluded just before
the closure of Institutions as a result of the outbreak of
COVID 19 in March 2020.
You are all advised to retrieve the lecture materials
already given to you before the the lock-down for in-depth
understanding.

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Ogundare, B. S. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I - SET THEORY(B). / 19
 Venn Diagram:

In this Module, we will look at the visual aid to illustrate relationships

between sets

Venn Diagrams:

This is the visual way of illustrating relationships between two or more sets.
For the purpose of easy comprehension, we will consider two finite sets.

Universal Set: This is the collection of all elements under consideration.

It is represented with a rectangle

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U

Venn Diagram showing the Complement Set A

The region outside the circle but within the rectangle represents the
complement of the set A

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 A ∪ B: Union of two finite sets A and B

A B

A ∩ B: Intersection of two sets A and B

A B

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 Difference of two Sets: A − B:

A B

B − A:

A B

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Ogundare, B. S. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I - SET THEORY(B). / 19
 (A ∩ B)0 :

A B

(A ∪ B)0 :

A B

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Ogundare, B. S. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I - SET THEORY(B). / 19
Union and Intersection of three Sets
We will illustrate Union and intersection of three sets on
the Venn diagram;
1 A∪B ∪C
2 A∩B ∩C
(A ∪ B ∪ C ):

A B

C HARMATTAN SEMESTER 2022/2023 Sessio

Ogundare, B. S. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I - SET THEORY(B). / 19
 (A ∩ B ∩ C ):

A B

HARMATTAN SEMESTER 2022/2023 Sessio

Ogundare, B. S. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I - SET THEORY(B). / 19
 (A ∩ B) − C ):

A B

HARMATTAN SEMESTER 2022/2023 Sessio

Ogundare, B. S. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I - SET THEORY(B). / 19
 (A ∪ B ∪ C )0 :

A B

HARMATTAN SEMESTER 2022/2023 Sessio

Ogundare, B. S. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I - SET THEORY(B). / 19
Finite Sets: Let A and B be two finite sets with
cardinality (number of elements present) n(A) and n(B)
respectively, then

n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B)

where n(A ∩ B) represent the number of elements in the

intersection of the two sets.
The above can be extended to three finite sets A, B and
C.

HARMATTAN SEMESTER 2022/2023 Sessio

Ogundare, B. S. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I - SET THEORY(B). / 19
Let A, B and C be three finite sets with cardinality
(number of elements present) n(A), n(B) and n(C )
respectively, then

n(A ∪ B ∪ C ) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C )−

−n(A ∩ B) − n(A ∩ C ) − n(B ∩ C )+
+n(A ∩ B ∩ C )

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Application of Set Theory: The videos below give
simple illustrations of application of Set Theory.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaOww4di7ps
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVBVGuWubZs

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Ogundare, B. S. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I - SET THEORY(B). / 19
Exercises:
Use the Venn diagram to prove or disproof the Laws
discussed in Module 2 of this topic
Let A and B be two finite sets such that
n(A) = 24, n(B) = 18 and n(A ∪ B) = 30, find
n(A ∩ B).
If n(A − B) = 24, n(A ∪ B) = 65 and n(A ∩ B) = 18,
then find n(B).

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Ogundare, B. S. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I - SET THEORY(B). / 19
Exercise Continued
In a group of 60 students in Mathematics Department
of OAU, 27 like reading in the departmental library
and 42 like reading in the Faculty library and each
person likes at least one of the two Libraries. How
many like reading in both departmental library and the
Faculty library?
There are 35 students in art class and 57 students in
dance class. Find the number of students who are
either in art class or in dance class. (i) When two
classes meet at different hours and 12 students are
enrolled in both activities. (ii) When two classes meet
at the same hour. https://www.math-only-math.com/word-problems-on-sets.html
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I want to recommend that students take time to watch the video
presentation with the link below for more. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJm76EDAGrU

In the next module we will look at Cartesian Products of

Sets and Functions
Thank you

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Ogundare, B. S. ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS I - SET THEORY(B). / 19