Department of Mechanical Engineering

Experiment No – 1
(A.) Introduction to Engineering Drawing
Engineering Graphics:
Engineering Graphics is the graphical language of engineers. It is also known as Engineering
Drawing. It is completely based on symbols and conventions. It is an imagination of engineers on
paper through which engineers can communicate with others.

Drawing Instruments:
 Drawing Board with stand
 Drawing Sheets(A2 420 x594 mm)
 Standard set- Scale
 Mini- Drafter
 Set-Square(450 & 300 - 600)
 Protractor- cum –Pro-circle
 Drawing Pencils (HB, H, 2H & 3H)
 Sharpener and Emery Paper
 Board Clips & Adhesive Tape
 Pencil Eraser
 French Curves

Standard sizes of drawing boards:

Designation Size (mm2)
B0 1500 x 1000
B1 1000 x 700
B2 700 x 500
B3 500 x350

Mini Drafter:
It is an important device or
tool to replace the Tee-
square, Set-square,
Protector, Scale and
Compass. It is clamped on
drawing board which
becomes like a drafting
machine, but smaller in
size.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering

Layout of Drawing Sheet:

Every drawing sheet is to follow a particular layout. As a standard practice sufficient margins are to
be provided on all sides of the drawing sheet. The drawing sheet should have drawing space and title
page. A typical layout of a drawing sheet is shown in the figure below:

Layout of the Title Block:

Title block is made at the right hand bottom corner of drawing sheet. The size of title block for A2
drawing sheet is 185mm x 65mm.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering

Standard sizes of drawing sheets:

Designation Size (mm2)
A0 841 x 1189
A1 594 x 841
A2 420 x 594
A3 297 x 420
A4 210 x 297

Scale:
Size Indication
Full size 1 : 1 (Full Scale)
Half full size 1 : 2 (Reducing Scale)
1/5 th full size 1 : 5 (Reducing Scale)
Double size 2 : 1 (Enlarging Scale)
Five times full size 5 : 1 (Enlarging Scale)

Lines:
For general engineering drawing, different types of lines are used as shown in figure:

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering

Representation of Different types of Lines

Dimensioning:
Dimensioning is done on the drawing of an object to describe its size. There are two system of
dimensioning:
(1) Aligned system: In which all the dimensions are so placed that they may be read from the bottom
side and right hand side of the drawing sheet. The dimensions are placed above the dimension lines.
The system is preferably used in Mechanical drawing.

Aligned Dimensioning
(2) Unidirectional system: In which all the dimensions are so placed that they may be read from the
bottom side of the drawing sheet. The dimensions are inserted between the dimension lines. The

system is preferably used in Civil drawing.

Unidirectional Dimensioning
Arrowheads:
Both the ends of a dimension line have arrowheads touching the extension lines. The arrowhead
should be in the form of isosceles triangle in the ratio 1:3, depth to length, and should be filled in
black.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering

Arrowheads

Symbols with Dimensions:

Φ is used before a dimension of diameter.
R is used before a dimension of radius.
SQ is used before a dimension of square and diagonals on that surface.

Symbols with dimensions

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering

(B.) LETTERING IN ENGINEERING DRAWING

Lettering, dimensioning, geometrical constructions, and scales are the integral parts of engineering
drawing. Lettering is required to give information and description about a particular drawing,
dimensioning is done to indicate the size of the object being represented by its drawing at some
suitable scale, and the geometrical constructions are needed to draw certain geometrical shapes.
In engineering drawing, the details about the object drawn, title of the drawing, scale, and some other
relevant information to supplement the drawing in the form of notes, and annotations are given using
free-hand lettering. The size of letters and numerals should be in proportion to the size of the body of
drawing; neither too large or nor too small. Generally, the guidelines are drawn to maintain uniformity
in height, and spacing of the letters and numerals.

Single-stroke gothic letters: The Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 9609-2001) recommends single-
stroke lettering for use in engineering drawing. These are the simplest forms of letters and are usually
employed in most of the engineering drawings.
The word single-stroke should not be taken to mean that the letter should be made in one stroke
without lifting the pencil. It actually means that the thickness of the line of the letter should be such as
is obtained in one stroke of the pencil. The horizontal lines of letters should be drawn from left to right
and vertical or inclined lines, from top to bottom.
Single-stroke letters are of two types:
(i) vertical and
(ii) Inclined
Inclined letters lean to the right, the slope being 75° with the horizontal. The size of a letter is
described by its height. According to the height of letters, they are classified as:

(i) Lettering 'A': Where Height is divided in 14 Equal parts.

(ii) Lettering 'B': Where Height is divided in 10 Equal parts.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering

 In lettering 'A' type, the height of the capital letter is divided into 14 parts, while in lettering 'B'
type it is divided into 10 parts. The height of the letters and numerals for engineering drawing
can be selected from 2.5, 3.5, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 20 mm according to the size of drawing.
 The ratio of height to width varies but in case of most of the letters it is 7:4 in A type letter.
 The ratio of height to width varies but in case of most of the letters it is 7:4 in B type letter.
 Lettering is generally done in capital letters. Different sizes of letters are used for different
purposes.
 The main titles are generally written in 6 mm to 8 mm size, sub-titles in 3 mm to 6 mm size,
while notes, dimension figures etc. in 3 mm to 5 mm size.
 The drawing number in the title block is written in numerals of 10 mm to 12 mm size.
1 Single-stroke vertical gothic letters:

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering

2. Single-stroke Inclined gothic letters:

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering

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