Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet 3.2
Properties of water
Zara and Sofia want to compare the time it takes for water and milk to boil.

They have two pans which are the same size and shape and are made of the same metal. They measure 250 ml
water and pour it into one pan. They measure 250 ml milk and pour it into the second pan.
They use the same stove to heat each pan in turn. They use the timer on Zara’s mobile phone to measure the time
the milk and water take to boil.
1 Identify the independent, dependent and control variables in Zara and Sofia’s investigation.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
2 The girls discovered that the milk and the water boiled in almost the same legnth of time.
They noticed that bubbles appeared on the surface of the liquids when they boiled.
a What do the bubbles contain?

______________________________________________________________________________

b Describe the change of state that was taking place.

______________________________________________________________________________

3 What do we call the temperature at which a heated liquid quickly changes into a gas?

_________________________________________________________________________________

4 Next, Zara and Sofia used a thermometer to measure the change in temperature of water
as it heats up. These are their results.
Time in Water
minutes temperature in
°C
0 20
2 40
4 60
6 80
8 100
10 100
 a Draw a graph of the results. Think about the type of graph you should draw.

b How much time did it take for the water to boil?

______________________________________________________________________________

Help sheet
Variables
 The independent variable is the variable that we change.
 The dependent variable is the one that we measure.
 The control variables are the ones we keep the same.

Graphs
 We draw a bar chart when our results compare things between different objects
or groups, for example the melting points of different solids.
 We draw a line graph when we measure how something changes over time,
such as the height of a plant.
 In a line graph, we plot the variable that we measure (e.g. temperature) on the y-axis
and time on the x-axis.