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Učebnica Ruštiny ML
Učebnica Ruštiny ML
JAZYKOVÉ CVIýENIA
Z RUSKÉHO JAZYKA
PRE 1. A 2. ROýNÍK BC. ŠTÚDIA
Filozofická fakulta
Univerzita MatejaBela v Banskej Bystrici
2014
Martin LizoĖ: Jazykové cviþenia z ruského jazyka pre 1. a 2. roþník Bc. štúdia
ISBN 978-80-557-0753-2
ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ 4
4
1. ɍɑɂɆ ɊɍɋɋɄɂɃ ȺɅɎȺȼɂɌ
Ⱥ, ɚ – a
Ȼ, ɛ – b
ȼ, ɜ – v
Ƚ, ɝ – g
Ⱦ, ɞ – d
ȿ, ɟ – je
Ȭ,ɺ – jo
Ɂ, ɡ – z
ɀ, ɠ – ž
ɂ, ɢ – i
Ƀ, ɣ – j
Ʉ, ɤ – k
Ʌ, ɥ – l
Ɇ, ɦ – m
ɇ, ɧ – n
Ɉ, ɨ – o
ɉ, ɩ – p
Ɋ, ɪ – r
ɋ, ɫ – s
Ɍ, ɬ – t
ɍ, ɭ – u
Ɏ, ɮ – f
ɏ, ɯ – ch
ɐ, ɰ – c
ɑ, ɱ – þ
ɒ, ɲ – š
ɓ, ɳ – š
ɴ, – tvrdý znak
ɵ–y
ɶ – mäkký znak
ɗ, ɷ – e
ɘ, ɸ – ju
ə, ɹ - ja
Ⱥ ɚ, Ȼ ɛ, ȼ ɜ, Ƚ ɝ , Ⱦ ɞ, ȿ ɟ, Ȭ ɺ, Ɂ ɡ, ɀ ɠ, ɂ ɢ, Ƀ ɣ, Ʉ ɤ, Ʌ ɥ, Ɇ ɦ, ɇ ɧ, Ɉ ɨ, ɉ
ɩ, Ɋ ɪ, ɋ ɫ, Ɍ ɬ, ɍ ɭ, Ɏ ɮ, ɏ ɯ, ɐ ɰ, ɑ ɱ, ɒ ɲ, ɓ ɳ, ɴ, ɵ, ɶ, ɗ ɷ, ɘ ɸ, ə ɹ
5
Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ, ɩɨɢɝɪɚɟɦ ɜ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɥɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭ
ɜɚɫ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ «Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ».
Vymyslite þo možno najviac slov, ktoré s Vám asociujú so slovom Rusko.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɦɚɬɪɟɲɤɚ...
ȺɄɆɌɈ
ɄɈɌ
ɄɌɈ
ɌɈɌ
ɌɈɆ
ɆȺɄ
ɆȺɆȺ
ɄȺɄȺɈ
ɄȺɌɈɄ
ȼȿȬɇɊɋɍɏ
ɊɈɌ
ɆɈɊȿ
Ɉɇ
ɇȺɆ
ȺɇɇȺ
ɆȺɊɌȺ
ɄȺɊɌȺ
ɊȿɄɌɈɊ
ɊȿɄȺ
ɋȿɋɌɊȺ
ɇȿɌ
ȼȿɋ
ɆȺɋɋȺ
ɋȿȼȿɊ
ȼɈɊ
ɏɊȿɇ
ɆɍɄȺ
ɍɆ
ɋɍɏɈ
ɍɏɈ
6
ȿȼȺ
ȿȼɊɈ
ȼȿȿɌ
ɍɌȬɋ
ɌȿȺɌɊ
ɄȺɋɋȺ
ɆȿɌɊɈ
ɊȿɋɌɈɊȺɇ
ɇȿȼȺ
ȻȽȾɂɅ
ȻȿȽ
ȻȿɊȿȽ
ɊȺȾɂɈ
ȾɈɄɌɈɊ
ɌȺɄɋɂ
ȾɈɆ
ɅȿɌɈ
ɅȿɇȺ
ɄɅɂɆȺɌ
ɆɂɇɂɋɌɊ
ɅȿɄɋɂɄȺ
ȾɈɄɍɆȿɇɌ
ɅɂɆɈɇȺȾ
ɂȼȺɇ
ɅȿɇɂɇȽɊȺȾ
ɅɍɄ
ȺȼɌɈȻɍɋ
ȾɂȺɅɈȽ
ɈȻȿȾ
ȻȺɅȿɌ
ȼȺȽɈɇ
ȻɊȺɌ
ȽɊȺȾɍɋ
ȽɈȾ
ȻɂȻɅɂɈɌȿɄȺ
ȾɊɍȽ
ɏɅȿȻ
ɏɈɅɈȾ
ɀɁɃɉɎɐ
ɀɍɊɇȺɅ
ɀɂȼɈɌ
ɁȺɅ
ɁȺȼɈȾ
ɆȿɇȿȾɀȿɊ
ɉɊȿɁȿɇɌ
ɉɊȿɁɂȾȿɇɌ
7
ȾɀȺɁ
ɌɈɅɋɌɈɃ
ȾɀȿɆ
ȻȺɃɄȺɅ
ɃɈȽɍɊɌ
ɃɈȾ
ɆȺɃɈɇȿɁ
ɀȺɀȾȺ
ɉɂȼɈ
ɐɂɊɄ
ɐɂɅɂɇȾɊ
ɎɈɌɈȽɊȺɎ
ɐȿɇɌɊ
ɎȺɍɇȺ
ɎɅɈɊȺ
ɊȿɐȿɉɌ
ɉɈɁɈɊ
ɑɒɓ
ɑȺɃ
ɑȺɃɇɂɄ
ɑȬɌɄɂ
ɓɍɄȺ
ɓȿȻȿɌ
ɆȺɒȺ
ȻɈɊɓ
ɓɂ
ɑȺɃɄɈȼɋɄɂɃ
ɑȺɉɅɂɇ
ɉɍɒɄȺ
ȽɊɍɒȺ
ɒɂɅɅȿɊ
ɓɂ ȾȺ ɄȺɒȺ –
ɉɂɓȺ ɇȺɒȺ
ɗɘə
Ɇȿɇɘ
ɗɌɈ
ɗɌɂ
ɗɆȺ
ɘɆɈɊ
ɊȿȽɂɋɌɊȺɐɂə
ȾȿɄɅȺɊȺɐɂə
ȺɗɊɈɉɈɊɌ
ɗɄɋɉȿɊɂɆȿɇɌ
ɗɄɋɉɈɇȺɌ
ɗɄɋɄɍɊɋɂə
8
ɘȻɂɅȿɃ
ɘɊɂɋɌ
əȽɈȾȺ əȼɅȿɇɂȿ
ȿȼȺ ȿɅȿɇȺ
ɔɕɖ
ɆɍɁɕɄȺ
ɆɈȻɂɅɖɇɂɄ
ɋɍȻɔȿɄɌ
ɈȻɔȿɄɌ
ɈɌɔȿɁȾ
ɋȿɋɌɖ
ɋɔȿɋɌɖ
ȾȿɇɖȽɂ
ɄɈɆɉɖɘɌȿɊ
ɉɊɈɎɂɅɖ
ɄɈɇɋɍɅɖɌȺɐɂə
ɒȺɒɅɕɄ
ȼɕȻɈɊ ȼɂɏɊ
ɉɕɅɖ ɉɂɅȺ
ɆɕɅɈ ɆɂɅɕɃ
ɊɕȻȺɄ ɌɊɂȻɍɇȺ
9
13) ɞɚɞɚɞɚɞɚɞɚ – ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ, ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ, ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ, ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ,
ɜɨɫɶɦɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɣ
14) ɞɚɞɚɞɚɞɚɞɚ – ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɢɥɥɸɡɢɨɧɢɫɬ, ɜɢɨɥɨɧɱɟɥɢɫɬ
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɛɛɪɟɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ:
Niektoré skratky v ruštine:
10
Ʉɭɪɨɱɤɚ ɪɹɛɚ (ɫɥɭɲɚɣɬɟ, ɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ) (poþúvajte, urþte prízvuky
a þítajte)
– ɇɟ ɩɥɚɱɶ, ɞɟɞ, ɧɟ ɩɥɚɱɶ, ɛɚɛɚ: ɫɧɟɫɭ ɹ ɜɚɦ ɹɢɱɤɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ, ɧɟ ɡɨɥɨɬɨɟ ɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɟ!
ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ.
Preþítajte.
ɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɨɟ, ɡɞɚɧɢɟ, ɨɤɬɹɛɪɶ, ɛɭɦɚɝɚ, ɫɴɟɫɬɶ, ɫɟɫɬɶ, ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɟ, ɫɬɟɧɝɚɡɟɬɚ,
ɳɢɩɚɬɶ, ɳɟɞɪɵɣ, ɲɚɲɥɵɤ, ɱɚɣɧɢɤ, ɰɟɧɡɭɪɚ, ɰɢɪɤ, ɹɣɰɨ, ɺɥɤɚ, ɧɚɞɺɠɧɵɣ, ɩɪɢɜɵɱɤɚ,
ɩɟɥɶɦɟɧɢ, ɛɨɪɳ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ, ɠɢɡɧɶ, ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ, ȿɧɢɫɟɣ, ȿɥɟɧɚ, ɹɡɜɚ, ɹɪɦɚɪɤɚ, ɪɟɤɚ,
ɧɟɜɟɫɬɚ
ɜɢɡɢɬ, ɜɵɢɝɪɵɲ, ɩɟɪɨ, ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ, ɤɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɜɵɩɟɱɤɚ
11
Ɉɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ
ɇɚ ɩɢɫɶɦɟ ɦɹɝɤɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɛɭɤɜ ɂ, ȿ, ə, ɘ, Ȭ, ɖ.
Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɖ ɩɢɲɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ ɹ, ɸ, ɺ, ɟ , ɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ
ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ [ j ] ɫ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɦɢ.
Ɍɜɟɪɞɵɣ ɡɧɚɤ ɔ ɩɢɲɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɨɪɧɹɦɢ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɫ ȿ, Ȭ, ə, ɘ:
ɩɨɞɴɟɡɞ, ɫɴɺɦɤɚ, ɩɪɟɞɴɸɛɢɥɟɣɧɵɣ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɲɢɩɹɳɢɯ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɀ, ɒ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɢɲɟɬɫɹ ɕ, ɧɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɂ.
V písomnom prejave sa mäkkosĢ spoluhlások vyznaþuje pomocou písmen ɂ, ȿ, ə, ɘ, Ȭ, ɖ.
Mäkký znak ɖ sa píše po spoluhláskach pred písmenami ɹ, ɸ, ɺ, ɟ , ɢ, a sprostredkúva
spojenia [ j ] so samohláskami.
Tvrdý znak ɔ sa píše po predpone pred koreĖmi, ktoré sa zaþínajú na ȿ, Ȭ, ə, ɘ: ɩɨɞɴɟɡɞ,
ɫɴɺɦɤɚ, ɩɪɟɞɴɸɛɢɥɟɣɧɵɣ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶ.
Po spoluhláskach ɀ, ɒ sa nikdy nepíše ɕ, ale vždy len ɂ.
Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɜɨɧɤɢɟ ɫɨɧɨɪɧɵɟ (vždy znelé sonorné spoluhlásky) (Ʌ – Ʌ’), (Ɇ – Ɇ’), (ɇ – ɇ’),
(Ɋ – Ɋ’), Ƀ.
Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɥɭɯɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ (vždy neznelé spoluhlásky) (ɑ), (ɓ), (ɐ).
Ɂɜɨɧɤɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɨɝɥɭɲɚɸɬɫɹ (znelé spoluhlásky sa spodobujú):
Ⱥ) ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɯɥɟɛ (na konci slova) [ɯɥɟɩ], ɝɨɥɭɛɶ [ɝɨɥɭɩ’], ɥɸɛɨɜɶ [ɥɸɛɨɮ´], ɝɨɞ
[ɝɨɬ], ɝɥɚɡ [ɝɥɚɫ], ɦɭɠ (ɲ) [ɦɭɲ], ɞɪɭɝ (ɤ) [ɞɪɭɤ].
Ȼ) ɩɟɪɟɞ ɝɥɭɯɢɦɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɦɢ (pred neznelými spoluhláskami) ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫ [ɚɮɬɨɛɭɫ],
ɤɨɪɨɛɤɚ [ɤɚɪɨɩɤɚ], ɜɫɟ [ɮɫɟ], ɥɨɞɤɚ [ɥɨɬɤɚ], ɥɨɠɤȺ [ɥɨɲɤɚ], ɫɤɚɡɤɚ [ɫɤɚɫɤɚ], ɡɚɜɬɪɚ
[ɡɚɮɬɪɚ]
Ƚɥɭɯɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɨɡɜɨɧɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɡɜɨɧɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɦɢ (neznelé samohlásky
s spodobujú pred znelými spoluhláskami): ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ [ɡɞɟɥɚɬɶ], ɫ Ƚɚɥɢɧɨɣ [ɡȽɚɥɢɧɨɣ], ɫ
Ⱦɢɦɨɣ [ɡȾɢɦɨɣ], ɤ ɞɹɞɟ [ɝɞɹɞɟ], ɨɬ ɛɪɚɬɚ [ɨɞɛɪɚɬɚ]. ɇɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɡɜɨɧɤɢɦɢ Ʌ, Ɇ, ɇ, Ɋ, ȼ
ɝɥɭɯɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɧɟ ɨɡɜɨɧɱɚɸɬɫɹ (pred znelými spoluhláskami Ʌ, Ɇ, ɇ, Ɋ, ȼ sa neznelé
spoluhlásky nespodobujú): ɫ ɦɟɫɬɚ, ɫ ɇɚɬɚɲɟɣ, ɫ Ɋɨɦɚɧɨɦ,
ȿɫɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɦɵɦɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɦɢ (existujú slová so zamlþanými
spoluhláskami): ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ [ɱɭɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ], ɫɨɥɧɰɟ [ɫɨɧɰɟ], ɡɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɭɣ [ɡɞɪɚɫɬɜɭɣ],
ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤ [ɩɪɚɡɧɢɤ]
12
ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟ, ɨɛɪɚɳɚɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɝɥɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ.
ýítajte a venujte pozornosĢ spodobovaniu znelých spoluhlások.
ɯɥɟɛ, ɡɞɨɪɨɜ, ɬɟɬɪɚɞɶ, ɨɫɬɪɨɜ, ɝɨɪɨɞ, ɦɭɠ, ɝɥɚɡ, ɨɲɢɛɤɚ, ɡɚɜɬɪɚ, ɧɚɜɫɟɝɞɚ, ɥɨɞɤɚ, ɥɨɠɤɚ,
ɫɤɚɡɤɚ, ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫ, ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɬɟɚɬɪ, ɜ ɩɚɪɤ, ɢɡ ɬɟɚɬɪɚ, ɢɡ ɫɚɞɚ, ɛɟɡ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ, ɢɡ ɤɧɢɝɢ,
ɧɚɞ ɩɨɥɟɦ, ɛɟɡ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ.
Ⱦɢɤɬɚɧɬ
Diktát
ɜɟɬɟɪ, ɚɬɚɤɚ, ɞɟɪɟɜɨ, ɧɚɪɨɞ, ɫɤɨɬɨɜɨɞ, ɩɚɪɬɚ, ɤɪɚɫɨɬɚ, ɜɧɭɤ, ɥɢɦɨɧɚɞ, ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ, ɫɨɫɧɚ,
ɪɟɤɚ, ȿɥɟɧɚ, ɟɞɚ, ɺɥɤɚ, ɦɺɞ, ɫɟɫɬɪɚ, ɫɜɟɬ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɫɬɪɚɧɚ, ɦɨɧɨɥɨɝ, ɝɨɥɨɜɚ, ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ,
ɦɚɣɨɧɟɡ, ɱɚɣɧɢɤ, ɠɭɪɧɚɥ, ɱɟɫɬɧɵɣ, ɲɚɩɤɚ, ɩɥɟɱɨ, ɦɵɥɨ, ɚɪɦɢɹ, ɫɴɟɡɞ
Ⱦɨɛɪɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ.
Ʉɚɤ ɞɟɥɚ?
ɗɬɨ ɤɬɨ? ɗɬɨ ɦɨɣ ɛɪɚɬ ɢ ɦɚɦɚ.
ɊɍɋɋɄɂȿ ɋɄɈɊɈȽɈȼɈɊɄɂ
RUSKÉ JAZYKOLAMY
(ɫɥɭɲɚɣɬɟ ɢ ɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ) (poþúvajte a þítajte)
1. (Ȼ, ɪ) - Ȼɪɟɞɭɬ ɛɨɛɪɵ ɜ ɫɵɪɵ ɛɨɪɵ1. Ȼɨɛɪɵ ɯɪɚɛɪɵ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɛɪɹɬ ɞɨɛɪɵ.
1
borový les
2
drevorubaþi
13
4. (Ȼ, ɥ) - Ȼɟɥɵɣ ɫɧɟɝ, ɛɟɥɵɣ ɦɟɥ, ɛɟɥɵɣ ɡɚɹɰ ɬɨɠɟ ɛɟɥ. Ⱥ ɜɨɬ ɛɟɥɤɚ3 ɧɟ ɛɟɥɚ - ɛɟɥɨɣ
ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ.
6. (Ȼ, ɩ) - Ȼɵɤ ɬɭɩɨɝɭɛ, ɬɭɩɨɝɭɛɟɧɶɤɢɣ ɛɵɱɨɤ, ɭ ɛɵɤɚ ɛɟɥɚ ɝɭɛɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɬɭɩɚ.
3
veverica
4
nosiþ vody
5
vodovod
6
rozcitlivená
7
tlama
8
fúzy
14
ɊɍɋɋɄɂȿ ɇȺɊɈȾɇɕȿ ɋɄȺɁɄɂ
(ɫɥɭɲɚɣɬɟ, ɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ)
Ruské Đudové rozprávky
(poþúvajte, urþte prízvuky a þítajte)
Ɋɟɩɤɚ
Ȼɚɛɤɚ ɡɚ ɞɟɞɤɭ,
Ⱦɟɞɤɚ ɡɚ ɪɟɩɤɭ —
ȼɧɭɱɤɚ ɡɚ ɛɚɛɤɭ,
Ȼɚɛɤɚ ɡɚ ɞɟɞɤɭ,
Ⱦɟɞɤɚ ɡɚ ɪɟɩɤɭ —
ɀɭɱɤɚ ɡɚ ɜɧɭɱɤɭ,
ȼɧɭɱɤɚ ɡɚ ɛɚɛɤɭ,
Ȼɚɛɤɚ ɡɚ ɞɟɞɤɭ,
Ⱦɟɞɤɚ ɡɚ ɪɟɩɤɭ —
Ʉɨɲɤɚ ɡɚ ɀɭɱɤɭ,
ɀɭɱɤɚ ɡɚ ɜɧɭɱɤɭ,
ȼɧɭɱɤɚ ɡɚ ɛɚɛɤɭ,
Ȼɚɛɤɚ ɡɚ ɞɟɞɤɭ,
Ⱦɟɞɤɚ ɡɚ ɪɟɩɤɭ —
Ɇɵɲɤɚ ɡɚ ɤɨɲɤɭ,
Ʉɨɲɤɚ ɡɚ ɀɭɱɤɭ,
ɀɭɱɤɚ ɡɚ ɜɧɭɱɤɭ,
ȼɧɭɱɤɚ ɡɚ ɛɚɛɤɭ,
Ȼɚɛɤɚ ɡɚ ɞɟɞɤɭ,
Ⱦɟɞɤɚ ɡɚ ɪɟɩɤɭ —
15
ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟ, ɨɛɪɚɳɚɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɹ.
ýítajte a venujte pozornosĢ dôrazu na prízvuky.
Ʉɬɨ? Ʉɬɨ ɨɧ? Ʉɬɨ ɜɚɲɚ ɫɟɫɬɪɚ? Ʉɬɨ ɜɚɲɢ ɨɬɟɰ ɢ ɦɚɬɶ? ɑɟɣ? ɑɟɣ ɷɬɨ ɫɬɨɥ? ɑɶɹ ɷɬɚ
ɤɪɚɫɢɜɚɹ ɲɚɩɤɚ? ɑɶɢ ɷɬɢ ɤɧɢɝɢ? ɑɶɺ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɚɥɶɬɨ?
- Ʉɚɤ ɜɚɫ ɡɨɜɭɬ? – Ɇɟɧɹ ɡɨɜɭɬ Ⱥɧɬɨɧ. – Ʉɬɨ ɜɵ? – ə ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝ. – Ƚɞɟ ɜɵ ɠɢɜɟɬɟ? – ə
ɠɢɜɭ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ. – ɍ ɜɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɟɫɬɪɚ? – Ⱦɚ ɟɫɬɶ. – ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɣ ɥɟɬ? – ȿɣ ɜɨɫɟɦɶ ɥɟɬ. – Ƚɞɟ
ɨɧɚ ɭɱɢɬɫɹ? – Ɉɧɚ ɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ. ȼɚɲ ɨɬɟɰ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪ? – ɇɟɬ, ɨɧ ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝ. – ȼɚɲɚ ɦɚɬɶ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ? – Ⱦɚ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ. – Ɉɧɚ ɜɪɚɱ? – Ⱦɚ, ɨɧɚ ɜɪɚɱ. – Ⱥ ɛɪɚɬ ɭ ȼɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ? – ɇɟɬ, ɭ ɦɟɧɹ
ɧɟɬ ɛɪɚɬɚ. – ɇɚ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɟ ɜɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɫɶ? – ɇɚ ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ.
ɉɕɀɂɄ
9
zo sna
10
túli sa chrbtom
11
známy ako neposeda
16
ɭ ɋɟɪɺɠɢ ɲɢɲɤɢ ɟɥɨɜɵɟ13,
ɭ Ⱥɥɺɲɢ – ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɤɟɞɪɨɜɵɟ,
ɚ ɭ Ɇɢɲɢ ɧɚ ɥɛɭ14 – ɛɟɞɨɜɵɟ.
ɆɈȾɇɕɃ ɉɈɊɌɇɈɃ
ɐȼȿɌɈɑɇɕɃ ɍɀɂɇ
ɉɈɑɌȺ
ɋɚɦɭɢɥ Ɇɚɪɲɚɤ
(ɋɥɭɲɚɣɬɟ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ)
(þítajte a doplĖte chýbajúce slová)
12
význam slova šiška (na strome) alebo hrþa (po údere)
13
smrekové
14
na þele
15
vesta
16
nádherný
17
koža
18
chlpatý
19
tuþný
20
voĖavý
17
Ⱥ ɤ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɱɚɫɚɦ
ȼɫɟ ɪɚɡɧɟɫ ɩɨ ____________.
2
— Ɂɚɤɚɡɧɨɟ ɢɡ ___________
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɚ ɀɢɬɤɨɜɚ!
— Ɂɚɤɚɡɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɀɢɬɤɨɜɚ?
___________, ɧɟɬ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ!
— Ƚɞɟ ɠɟ _______ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ?
— ɍɥɟɬɟɥ ɜɱɟɪɚ ɜ ___________.
3
ɀɢɬɤɨɜ ɡɚ __________
ɉɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɭ ɦɱɢɬɫɹ —
__________ ɡɟɥɟɧɟɟɬ ɜɧɢɡɭ.
Ⱥ ɜɫɥɟɞ ɡɚ ɀɢɬɤɨɜɵɦ
ȼ ___________ ɩɨɱɬɨɜɨɦ
ɉɢɫɶɦɨ ɡɚɤɚɡɧɨɟ ɜɟɡɭɬ.
___________ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɤɚɦ
Ɋɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɫ ɬɨɥɤɨɦ,
ȼ __________ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɤɚ ɢɞɟɬ,
ɂ ɞɜɚ ɩɨɱɬɚɥɶɨɧɚ
ɇɚ ɥɚɜɤɚɯ __________
Ʉɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɱɶ ɧɚɩɪɨɥɟɬ.
Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɤɚ — ɜ Ⱦɭɛɪɨɜɤɭ,
ɉɨɫɵɥɤɚ — ɜ ɉɨɤɪɨɜɤɭ,
Ƚɚɡɟɬɚ — ɧɚ ___________ Ʉɥɢɧ,
ɉɢɫɶɦɨ — ɜ Ȼɨɥɨɝɨɟ.
Ⱥ ɜɨɬ ɡɚɤɚɡɧɨɟ
ɉɨɣɞɟɬ ɡɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ — ɜ __________.
ɅɂɋȺ ɂ Ʉɍȼɒɂɇ
(ɋɥɭɲɚɟɦ ɢ ɱɢɬɚɟɦ)
(poþúvajte a þítajte)
18
ȾɂɄɌȺɇɌɕ
ɇɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɩɨɞ ɞɢɤɬɨɜɤɭ ɢ ɫɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɫ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ.
Napíšte diktát a skontrolujte ho podĐa tlaþeného textu.
Ȼɭɤɟɬ
Ⱥɥɟɲɚ ɫ ɫɟɫɬɪɨɣ ɤɭɩɢɥɢ ɛɭɤɟɬ ɦɢɦɨɡ. Ɉɧɢ ɜɟɫɟɥɨ ɜɛɟɠɚɥɢ ɜ ɞɨɦ. ɑɭɞɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɚɯ
ɥɢɥɫɹ ɨɬ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ. ȼɨɬ ɩɭɲɢɫɬɵɣ ɛɭɤɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɥɟ. Ɇɚɥɵɲɤɚ Ⱥɧɧɭɲɤɚ ɫɭɧɭɥɚ ɧɨɫ ɜ ɛɭɤɟɬ.
ɋɨ ɳɟɤɢ ɭɩɚɥɚ ɩɵɥɶɰɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɯɨɪɨɲɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɦɢɦɨɡɵ! ɗɬɨ ɰɜɟɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɦɵ.
ȼɨɪɨɧɚ ɢ ɥɭɠɚ
Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ ɜɵɲɥɢ ɜɨ ɞɜɨɪ. ȼ ɥɢɰɨ ɭɞɚɪɢɥɢ ɹɪɤɢɟ ɥɭɱɢ ɫɨɥɧɵɲɤɚ. ȼɨɬ ɥɭɠɚ. Ɋɭɱɶɢ
ɫɬɚɣɤɚɦɢ ɛɟɝɭɬ ɜ ɥɭɠɭ. ȼɨɞɚ ɜ ɥɭɠɟ ɦɭɬɧɚɹ. Ʉɭɫɨɱɤɢ ɥɶɞɚ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɧɟɣ. ȼɨɪɨɧɚ ɫɟɥɚ ɭ
ɜɨɞɵ. Ɉɧɚ ɤɪɟɩɤɢɦ ɤɥɸɜɨɦ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɞɨɥɛɢɬɶ ɥɶɞɢɧɤɢ. ȼɨɬ ɡɚɛɚɜɧɚɹ ɜɨɪɨɧɚ!
ɂ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɡɢɦɚ
Ƚɭɞɟɥɨ ɦɨɪɟ. ȼɨɥɧɚ ɫ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɭɞɚɪɹɥɚɫɶ ɨ ɫɤɚɥɭ. ə ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɥ ɜ ɨɤɧɨ. Ɉɛɥɚɤɚ ɩɥɵɥɢ
ɧɚɞ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɡɟɦɥɟɣ. ɋɵɩɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɧɟɠɧɚɹ ɤɪɭɩɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɤɨɥɤɨɣ ɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ. Ʉɪɭɩɚ
ɫɚɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɤɥɨ ɢ ɫɭɱɶɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ. ɇɚ ɥɢɫɬɶɹɯ ɱɚɣɧɨɣ ɪɨɡɵ ɛɵɥ ɥɟɞ. Ȼɭɬɨɧɵ
ɩɨɱɟɪɧɟɥɢ, ɤɚɤ ɭɝɨɥɶɤɢ.
ȼ ɫɚɞɭ
ɋɨɥɧɵɲɤɨ ɭɫɬɚɥɨ ɢ ɭɲɥɨ ɡɚ ɪɨɳɭ. Ɂɟɦɥɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɥɚɫɶ ɡɚ ɞɟɧɶ. Ȼɚɛɭɲɤɚ
Ⱥɧɢɫɶɹ ɢ ɟɟ ɜɧɭɱɤɚ Ɉɥɶɝɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɜ ɫɚɞɭ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɝɪɹɞɤɢ ɫ ɥɭɤɨɦ ɢ ɭɤɪɨɩɨɦ. ɍ
ɞɨɦɚ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɜɟɞɪɨ ɫ ɬɟɩɥɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ. Ɉɥɶɝɚ ɲɥɟɩɧɭɥɚ ɪɭɤɨɣ ɩɨ ɜɨɞɟ. Ȼɪɵɡɝɢ ɭɩɚɥɢ ɧɚ
ɩɥɚɬɶɟ.
ȾȺɇɂɂɅ ɏȺɊɆɋ
ɀɢɥ ɛɵɥ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ...
ɀɢɥ-ɛɵɥ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɡɜɚɥɢ ɟɝɨ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ.
Ɉɞɧɚɠɞɵ ɫɥɨɦɚɥɚɫɶ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɬɚɛɭɪɟɬɤɚ. Ɉɧ ɜɵɲɟɥ ɢɡ ɞɨɦɚ ɢ ɩɨɲɟɥ ɜ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ
ɤɭɩɢɬɶ ɫɬɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɟɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɤɥɟɢɬɶ ɬɚɛɭɪɟɬɤɭ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɥ ɦɢɦɨ
ɧɟɞɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚ, ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɭɩɚɥ ɤɢɪɩɢɱ ɢ ɭɞɚɪɢɥ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ ɩɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ
ɭɩɚɥ, ɧɨ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɠɟ ɜɫɤɨɱɢɥ ɧɚ ɧɨɝɢ ɢ ɩɨɳɭɩɚɥ ɫɜɨɸ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ. ɇɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ ɭ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ
ɜɫɤɨɱɢɥɚ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɚɹ ɲɢɲɤɚ.
Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ ɩɨɝɥɚɞɢɥ ɲɢɲɤɭ ɪɭɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɤɚɡɚɥ: – ə ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ, ɜɵɲɟɥ ɢɡ
ɞɨɦɚ ɢ ɩɨɲɟɥ ɜ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ, ɱɬɨɛɵ... ɱɬɨɛɵ... ɱɬɨɛɵ... Ⱥɯ, ɱɬɨ ɠɟ ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ! ə ɡɚɛɵɥ, ɡɚɱɟɦ
ɹ ɩɨɲɺɥ ɜ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ!
ȼ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫ ɤɪɵɲɢ ɭɩɚɥ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɢɪɩɢɱ ɢ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɫɬɭɤɧɭɥ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ ɩɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ.
– Ⱥɯ! – ɜɫɤɪɢɤɧɭɥ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ, ɫɯɜɚɬɢɥɫɹ ɡɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɢ ɧɚɳɭɩɚɥ ɧɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ
ɲɢɲɤɭ.
– ȼɨɬ ɬɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ! – ɫɤɚɡɚɥ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ. – ə ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ, ɜɵɲɟɥ ɢɡ ɞɨɦɚ ɢ
ɩɨɲɺɥ ɜ... ɩɨɲɺɥ ɜ... ɩɨɲɺɥ ɜ ... ɤɭɞɚ ɠɟ ɹ ɩɨɲɺɥ? ə ɡɚɛɵɥ, ɤɭɞɚ ɹ ɩɨɲɺɥ!
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Ɍɭɬ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɧɚ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ ɭɩɚɥ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɤɢɪɩɢɱ. ɂ ɧɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ ɜɫɤɨɱɢɥɚ
ɬɪɟɬɶɹ ɲɢɲɤɚ. – Ⱥɣ-ɚɣ-ɚɣ! – ɡɚɤɪɢɱɚɥ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ, ɯɜɚɬɚɹɫɶ ɡɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ. – ə ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ
Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ ɜɵɲɟɥ ɢɡ... ɜɵɲɟɥ ɢɡ... ɜɵɲɟɥ ɢɡ ɩɨɝɪɟɛɚ? ɇɟɬ. ȼɵɲɟɥ ɢɡ ɛɨɱɤɢ? ɇɟɬ! Ɉɬɤɭɞɚ
ɠɟ ɹ ɜɵɲɟɥ?
ɋ ɤɪɵɲɢ ɭɩɚɥ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɣ ɤɢɪɩɢɱ, ɭɞɚɪɢɥ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ ɩɨ ɡɚɬɵɥɤɭ, ɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɬɵɥɤɟ ɭ
Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ ɜɫɤɨɱɢɥɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ ɲɢɲɤɚ. – ɇɭ ɢ ɧɭ! – ɫɤɚɡɚɥ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ, ɩɨɱɟɫɵɜɚɹ
ɡɚɬɵɥɨɤ. – ə... ɹ... ɹ... Ʉɬɨ ɠɟ ɹ? ɇɢɤɚɤ ɹ ɡɚɛɵɥ, ɤɚɤ ɦɟɧɹ ɡɨɜɭɬ? ȼɨɬ ɬɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ! Ʉɚɤ
ɠɟ ɦɟɧɹ ɡɨɜɭɬ? ȼɚɫɢɥɢɣ ɉɟɬɭɯɨɜ? ɇɟɬ. ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ ɋɚɩɨɝɨɜ? ɇɟɬ. ɉɚɧɬɟɥɟɣ Ɋɵɫɚɤɨɜ? ɇɟɬ.
ɇɭ ɤɬɨ ɠɟ ɹ?
ɇɨ ɬɭɬ ɫ ɤɪɵɲɢ ɭɩɚɥ ɩɹɬɵɣ ɤɢɪɩɢɱ ɢ ɬɚɤ ɫɬɭɤɧɭɥ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ ɩɨ ɡɚɬɵɥɤɭ, ɱɬɨ
Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɡɚɛɵɥ ɜɫɟ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɢ ɤɪɢɤɧɭɜ "Ɉ-ɝɨ-ɝɨ!", ɩɨɛɟɠɚɥ ɩɨ ɭɥɢɰɟ.
* * *
ɉɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ! ȿɫɥɢ ɤɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ
ɩɹɬɶ ɲɢɲɟɤ, ɬɨ ɧɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ ɟɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɡɨɜɭɬ ɟɝɨ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ ɢ ɱɬɨ ɟɦɭ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɤɭɩɢɬɶ
ɫɬɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɟɹ ɢ ɩɨɱɢɧɢɬɶ ɫɥɨɦɚɧɭɸ ɬɚɛɭɪɟɬɤɭ.
20
2. ɄɌɈ ɗɌɈ? ɑɌɈ ɗɌɈ? ɄȺɄ ɗɌɈ ɇȺɁɕȼȺȿɌɋə? ɄȺɄ ȼȺɋ (ɌȿȻə)
ɁɈȼɍɌ?
Ʉɬɨ ɷɬɨ? ɗɬɨ ɦɚɦɚ, ɨɬɟɰ, ɫɵɧ, ɞɨɱɶ, ɛɚɛɭɲɤɚ, ɞɟɞɭɲɤɚ, ɛɪɚɬ, ɫɟɫɬɪɚ, ɞɪɭɝ, ɩɨɞɪɭɝɚ
ɜɨɥɤ, ɥɢɫɚ, ɦɟɞɜɟɞɶ, ɜɨɪɨɧ, ɥɟɛɟɞɶ, ɭɬɤɚ
ɑɬɨ ɷɬɨ? ɗɬɨ ....
ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟ
ýítajte
- Ʉɬɨ ɷɬɨ?
- ɗɬɨ ɦɨɣ ɛɪɚɬ Ɏɺɞɨɪ.
21
- ɗɬɨ ɉɚɜɟɥ?
- Ⱦɚ, ɷɬɨ ɉɚɜɟɥ.
ɋɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɦ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɦ.
Pýtajte sa a odpovedajte.
Ʉɬɨ ɷɬɨ?
Ʉɬɨ ɨɧ?
22
3. ȽȾȿ ɗɌɈ? (ɈȻɋɌɈəɌȿɅɖɋɌȼɈ ɆȿɋɌȺ)
ɡɞɟɫɶ
ɬɚɦ
ɫɥɟɜɚ
Ƚɞɟ ɷɬɨ? ɫɩɪɚɜɚ
ɩɪɹɦɨ
ɪɹɞɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ
ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ
ɧɚɜɟɪɯɭ
ɜɧɢɡɭ
ɜɨɡɥɟ (ɫɬɨɥɚ, ɲɤɚɮɚ, ɞɨɦɚ…)
ɜɞɨɥɶ (ɫɬɟɧɵ, ɪɟɤɢ, ɞɨɪɨɝɢ…)
ə
Ɍɕ
Ɉɇ
ɈɇȺ
Ɇɕ
ȼɕ
Ɉɇɂ
23
Inštrumentál Ɍɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɛɨɣ (ɬɨɛɨɸ) ɜɚɦɢ
24
Datív Ⱦɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɧɚɲɢɦ
Akuzatív ȼɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɲ (ɧɚɲɟɝɨ) ɧɚɲɭ ɧɚɲɟ ɧɚɲɢ (ɧɚɲɢɯ)
Lokál ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɨ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɨ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɨ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɨ ɧɚɲɢɯ
Inštrumentál Ɍɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɲɢɦ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɧɚɲɢɦ ɧɚɲɢɦɢ
ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟ
ýítajte
- Ʉɚɤ ɡɨɜɭɬ ɬɜɨɸ (ɜɚɲɭ) ɦɚɦɭ?
- ȿɺ ɡɨɜɭɬ Ɍɚɦɚɪɚ.
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɹ
DoplĖte zámená
25
Ɇ_____ ɫɟɫɬɪɭ ɡɨɜɭɬ Ⱥɧɧɚ.
ɗɬɨ ȼ______ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɶ?
Ʉɚɤ ɡɨɜɭɬ ɬ______ ɞɟɞɭɲɤɭ?
ȿ____ ɡɨɜɭɬ ɇɚɬɚɲɚ. ɍ ɧ____ ɞɜɚ ɛɪɚɬɚ.
ɉɪɨɫɬɢɬɟ, ɷɬɚ ɤɧɢɝɚ ȼ_____?
Ɇ____ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɞɨɦɚ.
Ɇ____ ɨɬɟɰ – ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ.
ɇɟɬ, ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɧ______ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ, ɚ ɢ___.
ɋɟɦɶɹ:
Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ
ɦɚɦɚ (ɦɚɬɶ, ɦɚɦɨɱɤɚ)
ɨɬɟɰ (ɩɚɩɚ)
ɞɟɞ, ɞɟɞɭɲɤɚ, ɩɪɚɞɟɞ (ɩɪɚɞɟɞɭɲɤɚ)
ɛɚɛɭɲɤɚ, ɩɪɚɛɚɛɤɚ (ɩɪɚɛɚɛɭɲɤɚ)
ɫɵɧ (ɫɵɧɨɤ)
ɞɨɱɶ (ɞɨɱɤɚ)
ɛɪɚɬ
ɫɟɫɬɪɚ
ɞɜɨɸɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɛɪɚɬ
ɞɜɨɸɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɟɫɬɪɚ
ɜɧɭɤ
ɜɧɭɱɤɚ
ɩɥɟɦɹɧɧɢɤ - synovec
ɩɥɟɦɹɧɧɢɰɚ - neter
ɤɪɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɨɬɟɰ
ɤɪɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɦɚɬɶ
ɞɹɞɹ
ɬɺɬɹ
ɋȺɆɍɂɅ ɆȺɊɒȺɄ
ɆɂɋɌȿɊ ɌȼɂɋɌȿɊ (ɨɬɪɵɜɨɤ)
(ɫɥɭɲɚɣɬɟ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ)
(poþúvajte a doplĖte vynechané slová)
26
-1-
ȿɫɬɶ
Ɂɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟɣ
Ʉɨɧɬɨɪɚ
Ʉɭɤɚ.
ȿɫɥɢ
ȼɚɫ
Ɉɞɨɥɟɟɬ
__________________________
ɂ ɜɵ ɡɚɯɨɬɢɬɟ
ɍɜɢɞɟɬɶ ___________ -
Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ Ɍɚɢɬɢ,
ɉɚɪɢɠ ɢ ɉɚɦɢɪ, -
Ʉɭɤ
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɚɫ
ȼ ɨɞɧɭ ___________
ɇɚ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɟ
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬ ɤɚɸɬɭ,
ɂɥɢ ɩɪɢɤɚɠɟɬ
ɉɨɞɚɬɶ ___________,
ɂɥɢ ɜɟɪɛɥɸɞɚ
Ɂɚ ɜɚɦɢ
ɉɪɢɲɥɟɬ,
Ⱦɚɫɬ ɜɚɦ
Ʉɨɦɧɚɬɭ
ȼ ɥɭɱɲɟɦ ___________,
Ɍɟɩɥɭɸ ɜɚɧɧɭ
ɂ ɡɚɜɬɪɚɤ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɟɥɢ.
Ƚɨɪɵ ɢ ɧɟɞɪɚ,
ɋɟɜɟɪ ɢ ___________,
ɉɚɥɶɦɵ ɢ ɤɟɞɪɵ
ɉɨɤɚɠɟɬ ɜɚɦ Ʉɭɤ.
-2-
Ɇɢɫɬɟɪ
Ɍɜɢɫɬɟɪ,
Ȼɵɜɲɢɣ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪ,
Ɇɢɫɬɟɪ
Ɍɜɢɫɬɟɪ,
Ⱦɟɥɟɰ ɢ ___________,
ȼɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ ɡɚɜɨɞɨɜ,
Ƚɚɡɟɬ, ___________,
Ɋɟɲɢɥ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɭɝɟ
Ɉɛɴɟɯɚɬɶ ɦɢɪ.
27
- Ɉɬɥɢɱɧɨ! -
ȼɨɫɤɥɢɤɧɭɥɚ
Ⱦɨɱɶ ɟɝɨ ɋɸɡɢ. -
Ⱦɚɜɚɣ ɩɨɛɵɜɚɟɦ
ȼ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦ ___________!
ə ɛɭɞɭ ɩɢɬɚɬɶɫɹ
Ɂɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɣ ___________,
ɀɢɜɭɸ ɥɨɜɢɬɶ ɨɫɟɬɪɢɧɭ,
Ʉɚɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɨɣɤɟ
ɇɚɞ ȼɨɥɝɨɣ-ɪɟɤɨɣ
ɂ ɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɥɯɨɡ
ɉɨ ___________!
28
4. ɍ ɌȿȻə ȿɋɌɖ?
ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟ
ýítajte
29
Pád Jedn. þíslo Množ. ýíslo Jedn. þíslo Množ. ýíslo
Nominatív ɫɟɫɬɪɚ ɫɟɫɬɪɵ ɦɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ
Genitív ɫɟɫɬɪɵ ɫɟɫɬɟɪ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɟɣ
Datív ɫɟɫɬɪɟ ɫɟɫɬɪɚɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɦ
Akuzatív ɫɟɫɬɪɭ ɫɟɫɬɪɵ ɦɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ
Lokál ɨ ɫɟɫɬɪɟ ɨ ɫɟɫɬɪɚɯ ɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɯ
Inštrumentál ɫ ɫɟɫɬɪɨɣ ɫ ɫɟɫɬɪɚɦɢ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɶɸ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɹɦɢ
ɍ ɜɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ:
ɬɟɬɪɚɞɶ, ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲ, ɪɭɱɤɚ, ɛɭɦɚɝɚ, ɮɥɨɦɚɫɬɟɪ, ɩɨɪɬɮɟɥɶ?
ɍ ɜɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ:
ɫɟɫɬɪɚ, ɛɪɚɬ, ɜɧɭɤ, ɩɥɟɦɹɧɧɢɤ, ɞɪɭɝ, ɩɨɞɪɭɝɚ, ɨɬɟɰ?
____________________________________
ɇɟɬ, ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɧɟɬ ɧɢ ɛɪɚɬɚ , ɧɢ ɫɟɫɬɪɵ.
____________________________________
ɇɟɬ, ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɭɱɤɚ, ɚ ɦɨɹ.
____________________________________
Ɇɨɸ ɦɚɦɭ ɡɨɜɭɬ Ɍɚɦɚɪɚ.
____________________________________
ɉɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ? Ʉɚɪɚɧɞɚɲ.
30
____________________________________
Ⱦɚ, ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɞɜɚ ɛɪɚɬɚ.
____________________________________
Ɉɬɰɚ ɡɨɜɭɬ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ, ɦɚɦɭ ɇɚɬɚɥɶɹ.
31
5. ɑɌɈ ȼɕ ȾȿɅȺȿɌȿ? (ɫɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ)
- Ƚɞɟ ɨɬɟɰ?
- Ɉɧ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɟ.
-ɑɬɨ ɨɧ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ?
- Ɉɧ ɫɢɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɬɨɥɨɦ ɢ ɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɤɧɢɝɭ.
- Ɍɵ ɤɭɞɚ ȼɢɬɹ?
- ə ɢɞɭ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɭ.
- ɑɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɲɶ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ?
- ɂɝɪɚɬɶ ɫ ɪɟɛɹɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɯɨɤɤɟɣ.
ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ
ɱɢɬɚɸ ɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɝɨɜɨɪɸ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɦ
ɱɢɬɚɟɲɶ ɱɢɬɚɟɬɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɲɶ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɟ
ɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ
ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɦɨɥɱɚɬɶ
ɩɢɲɭ ɩɢɲɟɦ ɦɨɥɱɭ ɦɨɥɱɢɦ
ɩɢɲɟɲɶ ɩɢɲɟɬɟ ɦɨɥɱɢɲɶ ɦɨɥɱɢɬɟ
ɩɢɲɟɬ ɩɢɲɭɬ ɦɨɥɱɢɬ ɦɨɥɱɚɬ
32
Ƚɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɟɫɬɶ, ɞɚɬɶ ɫɩɪɹɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ-ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ!
ɟɫɬɶ ɞɚɬɶ
ɟɦ ɟɞɢɦ ɞɚɦ ɞɚɞɢɦ
ɟɲɶ ɟɞɢɬɟ ɞɚɲɶ ɞɚɞɢɬɟ
ɟɫɬ ɟɞɹɬ ɞɚɫɬ ɞɚɞɭɬ
Ɉɧ
ɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ, ɭɱɢɬɶ, ɨɛɟɞɚɬɶ.
33
Ɍɵ
ɡɚɜɬɪɚɤɚɬɶ, ɨɬɞɵɯɚɬɶ, ɫɩɚɬɶ, ɦɨɥɱɚɬɶ.
Ɉɧɢ
ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ, ɤɪɚɫɢɬɶ (ɜɨɥɨɫɵ),ɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɡɨɪ, ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ (ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ).
ȼɵ
ɫɢɞɟɬɶ, ɥɟɠɚɬɶ, ɯɨɞɢɬɶ (ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ), ɢɝɪɚɬɶ (ɜ ɯɨɤɤɟɣ).
ə
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ, ɞɟɥɚɬɶ (ɭɪɨɤɢ), ɡɜɨɧɢɬɶ (ɞɪɭɝɭ), ɧɚɞɟɜɚɬɶ (ɩɥɚɬɶɟ).
Ɇɵ
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ (ɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ), ɟɫɬɶ (ɨɛɟɞ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɨɣ), ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ (ɩɨɟɡɞɤɭ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠ).
ɭɬɪɨ – ɭɬɪɨɦ
ɞɟɧɶ – ɞɧɟɦ
ɜɟɱɟɪ – ɜɟɱɟɪɨɦ
ɧɨɱɶ – ɧɨɱɶɸ
34
ɢɧɨɝɞɚ, ɱɚɫɬɨ, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ, ɪɟɞɤɨ, ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ
ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɞɟɧɶ, ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɧɟɞɟɥɸ, ɬɪɢ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɦɟɫɹɰ, ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ, ɩɹɬɶ ɪɚɡ
ɜ ɠɢɡɧɶ...
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
Odpovedzte na otázky.
35
6. ɇȺɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈɋɌɖ ɂ əɁɕɄ
ȼɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɟ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ?
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
36
ɋɌɊȺɇȺ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ əɁɕɄ
Ɇɭɠɫɤɨɣ ɪɨɞ ɀɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɞ Ɇɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɱ.
Ⱥɜɫɬɪɢɹ ɚɜɫɬɪɢɟɰ ɚɜɫɬɪɢɣɤɚ ɚɜɫɬɪɢɣɰɵ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɣ
Ⱥɧɝɥɢɹ ɚɧɝɥɢɱɚɧɢɧ ɚɧɝɥɢɱɚɧɤɚ ɚɧɝɥɢɱɚɧɟ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ
Ȼɨɥɝɚɪɢɹ ɛɨɥɝɚɪɢɧ ɛɨɥɝɚɪɤɚ ɛɨɥɝɚɪɵ ɛɨɥɝɚɪɫɤɢɣ
ȼɟɧɝɪɢɹ ɜɟɧɝɪ ɜɟɧɝɟɪɤɚ ɜɟɧɝɪɵ ɜɟɧɝɟɪɫɤɢɣ
Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɦɟɰ ɧɟɦɤɚ ɧɟɦɰɵ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɣ
Ƚɪɟɰɢɹ ɝɪɟɤ ɝɪɟɱɚɧɤɚ ɝɪɟɤɢ ɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɢɣ
Ⱦɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɬɱɚɧɢɧ ɞɚɬɱɚɧɤɚ ɞɚɬɱɚɧɟ ɞɚɬɫɤɢɣ
ɂɪɥɚɧɞɢɹ ɢɪɥɚɧɞɟɰ ɢɪɥɚɧɞɤɚ ɢɪɥɚɧɞɰɵ ɢɪɥɚɧɞɫɤɢɣ
ɂɫɩɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɚɧɟɰ ɢɫɩɚɧɤɚ ɢɫɩɚɧɰɵ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɢɣ
ɂɬɚɥɢɹ ɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɟɰ ɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɤɚ ɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɰɵ ɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɢɣ
Ʉɢɬɚɣ ɤɢɬɚɟɰ ɤɢɬɚɹɧɤɚ ɤɢɬɚɣɰɵ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ
Ʌɚɬɜɢɹ ɥɚɬɵɲ ɥɚɬɵɲɤɚ ɥɚɬɵɲɢ ɥɚɬɵɲɫɤɢɣ
Ʌɢɬɜɚ ɥɢɬɨɜɟɰ ɥɢɬɨɜɤɚ ɥɢɬɨɜɰɵ ɥɢɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ
ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɹ ɧɨɪɜɟɠɟɰ ɧɨɪɜɟɠɤɚ ɧɨɪɜɟɠɰɵ ɧɨɪɜɟɠɫɤɢɣ
ɉɨɥɶɲɚ - ɢ ɩɨɥɹɤ ɩɨɥɶɤɚ (ɩɨɥɹɱɤɚ) ɩɨɥɹɤɢ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ
ɉɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɢɹ ɩɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɟɰ ɩɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɤɚ ɩɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɶɰɵ ɩɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɶɫɤɢɣ
Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ
Ɋɭɦɵɧɢɹ ɪɭɦɵɧ ɪɭɦɵɧɤɚ ɪɭɦɵɧɵ ɪɭɦɵɧɫɤɢɣ
ɋɟɪɛɢɹ ɫɟɪɛ ɫɟɪɛɤɚ ɫɟɪɛɵ ɫɟɪɛɫɤɢɣ
ɋɥɨɜɚɤɢɹ - ɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɤ ɫɥɨɜɚɱɤɚ ɫɥɨɜɚɤɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɰɤɢɣ
ɋɥɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜɟɧɟɰ ɫɥɨɜɟɧɤɚ ɫɥɨɜɟɧɰɵ ɫɥɨɜɟɧɫɤɢɣ
ɋɒȺ (Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ) ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɟɰ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɤɚ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɰɵ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ
ɍɤɪɚɢɧɚ ɭɤɪɚɢɧɟɰ ɭɤɪɚɢɧɤɚ ɭɤɪɚɢɧɰɵ ɭɤɪɚɢɧɫɤɢɣ
Ɏɢɧɥɹɧɞɢɹ ɮɢɧɧ ɮɢɧɤɚ ɮɢɧɧɵ ɮɢɧɫɤɢɣ
Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɠɟɧɤɚ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɵ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɣ
ɏɨɪɜɚɬɢɹ ɯɨɪɜɚɬ ɯɨɪɜɚɬɤɚ ɯɨɪɜɚɬɵ ɯɨɪɜɚɬɫɤɢɣ
ɑɟɯɢɹ ɱɟɯ ɱɟɲɤɚ ɱɟɯɢ ɱɟɲɫɤɢɣ
ɒɜɟɰɢɹ ɲɜɟɞ ɲɜɟɞɤɚ ɲɜɟɞɵ ɲɜɟɞɫɤɢɣ
ɗɫɬɨɧɢɹ ɷɫɬɨɧɟɰ ɷɫɬɨɧɤɚ ɷɫɬɨɧɰɵ ɷɫɬɨɧɫɤɢɣ
əɩɨɧɢɹ ɹɩɨɧɟɰ ɹɩɨɧɤɚ ɹɩɨɧɰɵ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɣ
ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟ.
- Ʉɬɨ ɜɵ ɩɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ?
- ə ɫɥɨɜɚɤ.
- Ⱥ ɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ.
- Ɉɬɤɭɞɚ ɜɵ?
- ə ɢɡ ɋɥɨɜɚɤɢɢ.
- ə ɢɡ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ.
Ʉɬɨ ɜɵ ɩɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ?
Ʉɬɨ ɩɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɚɲɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ?
ȿɫɬɶ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɞɪɭɡɶɹ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ? Ʉɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ?
ȼ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɜɵ ɭɠɟ ɛɵɜɚɥɢ?
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜɚɦ ɧɪɚɜɹɬɫɹ?
Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɧɭ ɜɵ ɛɵ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ?
ɂɡ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɜɚɲɢ ɞɪɭɡɶɹ, ɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɟ?
37
7. ɄȺɄɂȿ əɁɕɄɂ ȼɕ ɁɇȺȿɌȿ?
ɇɈ:
ɡɧɚɬɶ
ɡɧɚɸ ɡɧɚɟɦ
ɡɧɚɟɲɶ ɡɧɚɟɬɟ
ɡɧɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɸɬ
ɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ
ɹ ɜɥɚɞɟɸ ɦɵ ɜɥɚɞɟɟɦ
ɬɵ ɜɥɚɞɟɟɲɶ ɜɵ ɜɥɚɞɟɟɬɟ
ɨɧ ɜɥɚɞɟɟɬ ɨɧɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɸɬ
ə ɝɨɜɨɪɸ ɩɨ-ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢ.
ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ
ɹ ɝɨɜɨɪɸ ɦɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɦ
ɬɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɲɶ ɜɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɟ
ɨɧ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨɧɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
38
- ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ
- ɱɭɬɶ-ɱɭɬɶ
ə ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɸ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ.
ɗɬɨ ɦɨɣ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɹɡɵɤ.
- ȼɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɟ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ?
- Ⱦɚ, ɹ ɝɨɜɨɪɸ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ.
- Ⱥ ȼɚɲɚ ɦɚɦɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ?
- ɇɟɬ, ɨɧɚ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ.
Ⱥ ɜɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɟ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ?
ɭɱɢɬɶ
ɹ ɭɱɭ ɦɵ ɭɱɢɦ
ɬɵ ɭɱɢɲɶ ɜɵ ɭɱɢɬɟ
ɨɧ ɭɱɢɬ ɨɧɢ ɭɱɚɬ
ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ
ɹ ɢɡɭɱɚɸ ɦɵ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦ
ɬɵ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɲɶ ɜɵ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɟ
ɨɧ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɨɧɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬ
39
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤ_____, ɹ ɧɚɲɟɥ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ. Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɧɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤ_____.
ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɶ
ɫɨɪɨɤ
ɩɹɬɶɞɟɫɹɬ
ɲɟɫɬɶɞɟɫɹɬ
ɫɟɦɶɞɟɫɹɬ
ɜɨɫɟɦɶɞɟɫɹɬ
ɞɟɜɹɧɨɫɬɨ
ɫɬɨ
ɞɜɟɫɬɢ
ɬɪɢɫɬɚ
ɱɟɬɵɪɟɫɬɚ
ɩɹɬɶɫɨɬ
ɲɟɫɬɶɫɨɬ
ɫɟɦɶɫɨɬ
ɜɨɫɟɦɶɫɨɬ
40
ɞɟɜɹɬɶɫɨɬ
ɬɵɫɹɱɚ
ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧ
ɦɢɥɥɢɚɪɞ
Ⱦɚɧɢɢɥ ɏɚɪɦɫ
Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ:
Ɂɞɪɚɫɬɟ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ!
Ɂɞɪɚɫɬɟ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ!
Ɂɞɪɚɫɬɟ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ!
ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ:
Ⱦɚɜɧɨ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ,
ɞɚɜɧɨ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɜɢɞɚɥɢɫɶ,
ɞɚɜɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɥɢɫɶ
ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɡɚ.
Ȼɵɥ ɹ ɜɨ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ,
ɛɵɥ ɹ ɜ ɂɬɚɥɢɢ,
ɛɵɥ ɢ ɜ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɟ,
ɛɵɥ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɥɟɟ.
Ɂɟɦɥɸ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɠɞɵ
ɨɛɶɟɯɚɥ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ,
ɹ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɵɣ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɧɚɭɤ.
Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ:
41
Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɧɚɦ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ,
ɪɚɫɫɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɧɚɦ ɨ ɬɨɦ,
ɪɚɫɫɤɚɠɢɬɟ, ɪɚɫɫɤɚɠɢɬɟ,
ɪɚɫɫɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɨɛɨ ɜɫɺɦ.
ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ:
Ɍɢɯɨ, ɬɢɯɨ, ɬɢɯɨ, ɬɢɯɨ!
ɇɟ ɲɭɦɟɬɶ ɢ ɧɟ ɤɪɢɱɚɬɶ!
Ɂɚɞɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɦɧɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ,
ɹ ɜɚɦ ɛɭɞɭ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ.
Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ:
ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɛɟɝɟɦɨɬ?
Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɰɟɩɩɟɥɢɧ?
Ƚɞɟ ɭ ɝɭɫɟɧɢɰɵ ɪɨɬ?
Ɉɬɱɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɬ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ?
ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɥɟɬɚɟɬ ɦɭɯɚ?
ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɠɭɠɠɢɬ ɤɨɦɚɪ?
ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɜ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɟ ɫɭɯɨ?
ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɡɟɦɥɹ ɤɚɤ ɲɚɪ?
ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ:
ɉɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɷɬɨɬ ɤɪɢɤ!
ə ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɢɤ,
ɹ ɫ ɝɚɥɞɟɠɨɦ ɧɟ ɜ ɥɚɞɭ21,
ɹ ɨɬ ɤɪɢɤɚ ɭɩɚɞɭ.
Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ:
Ɍɢɯɨ!
Ɍɢɯɨ!
Ɍɢɯɨ!
ɒɚ!
ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ:
ə ɫɢɠɭ ɟɞɜɚ ɞɵɲɚ!
ȼɶɺɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɱɢɤ ɛɨɪɨɞɵ,
ɞɚɣɬɟ ɦɧɟ ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɜɨɞɵ.
1933
21
neznášaĢ šum, krik
42
8. ȽȾȿ ȼɕ ɀɂȼȬɌȿ?
- Ƚɞɟ ɜɵ ɠɢɜɺɬɟ?
- ə ɠɢɜɭ ɜ Ȼɚɧɫɤɨɣ Ȼɵɫɬɪɢɰɟ. Ⱥ ɜɵ?
- Ⱥ ɹ ɠɢɜɭ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ.
- ȼɵ ɠɢɜɺɬɟ ɨɞɢɧ?
- ɇɟɬ, ɹ ɠɢɜɭ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ.
- Ⱥ ɹ ɠɢɜɭ ɨɞɢɧ. Ɇɨɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɠɢɜɭɬ ɜ Ɉɦɫɤɟ.
- Ɉɬɤɭɞɚ ɜɵ?
- ə ɢɡ Ɍɚɝɚɧɪɨɝɚ.
- Ƚɞɟ ɷɬɨ?
- ɗɬɨ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɨɬ ɑɺɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ. Ⱥ ɜɵ ɨɬɤɭɞɚ?
- ə ɢɡ Ɍɭɥɵ.
ɠɢɬɶ
ɹ ɠɢɜɭ ɦɵ ɠɢɜɺɦ
ɬɵ ɠɢɜɺɲɶ ɜɵ ɠɢɜɺɬɟ
ɨɧ ɠɢɜɺɬ ɨɧɢ ɠɢɜɭɬ
- ȼɵ ɠɢɜɺɬɟ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɟ?
- Ⱦɚ, ɹ ɠɢɜɭ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ.
- Ⱥ ɹ ɠɢɜɭ ɜ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɺɥɤɟ ɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɨɬ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɵ.
ɫɬɨɥɢɰɚ - ɫɬɚɪɢɧɧɵɣ
ɝɨɪɨɞ - ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ - ɧɨɜɵɣ
ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞ - ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ
ɫɟɥɨ - ɤɪɚɫɢɜɵɣ
ɩɨɫɟɥɨɤ - ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ
ɰɟɧɬɪ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ - ɤɪɭɩɧɵɣ
ɨɤɪɚɢɧɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ - ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ
ɠɢɥɨɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ - ɱɢɫɬɵɣ
ɭɥɢɰɚ - ɝɪɹɡɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬ - ɞɪɟɜɧɢɣ
ɞɨɦ - ɫɤɭɱɧɵɣ
ɤɨɬɬɟɞɠ - ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɣ
ɨɫɨɛɧɹɤ
ɠɢɥɨɣ ɞɨɦ
ɩɚɧɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɨɦ
ɞɚɱɚ
ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚ
44
ȼɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɧ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ.
ɪɭɱɤɚ ɞɟɞɭɲɤɢ
ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚ ɞɹɞɢ
ɤɨɲɤɚ ɬɺɬɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɬ ɦɚɦɵ
ɤɧɢɝɚ ɩɚɩɵ
ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬ ɨɬɰɚ
ɭɪɨɤɢ ɞɨɱɤɢ
- Ƚɞɟ ȼɵ ɪɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ?
- ə ɪɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɟ, ɧɨ ɠɢɜɭ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ. Ⱥ ȼɵ?
- ə ɪɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɢ ɠɢɜɭ ɜ əɪɨɫɥɚɜɥɟ.
45
Ɋɚɫɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɫɤɨɛɤɢ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ.
46
9. ɄȺɄ ɊɍɋɋɄɂȿ ɉɊɂȼȿɌɋɌȼɍɘɌ ȾɊɍȽ ȾɊɍȽȺ?
47
ɍɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ:
Ɂɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢ:
1) -...................................................................................
- Ɂɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɭɣ! ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɹ ɬɟɛɹ ɧɟ ɜɢɠɭ ɧɚ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɟ?
2) - ..................................................................................
- ɉɪɢɜɟɬ! ɋɩɚɫɢɛɨ, ɜɫɺ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ.
3) - ..................................................................................
- Ⱦɨɛɪɵɣ ɜɟɱɟɪ! ə ɬɨɠɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɚɞ ɬɟɛɹ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ! Ɇɵ ɧɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɭɠɟ
ɬɪɢ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ.
4) -...................................................................................
- Ⱦɨɛɪɨɟ ɭɬɪɨ, ɋɚɲɚ! ə ɬɨɠɟ ɪɚɞɚ ȼɚɫ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ. Ʉɚɤ ȼɚɲɢ ɞɟɥɚ?
5) - ..................................................................................
- Ɋɚɞ ɜɚɫ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ! ȼɯɨɞɢɬɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ. ȼɵ ɢɡ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ?
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10. ɄȺɄ ɊɍɋɋɄɂȿ ɉɊɈɓȺɘɌɋə
Ⱦɨ ɜɨɫɤɪɟɫɟɧɶɹ!
Ⱦɧɢ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ:
ɩɨɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɢɤ
ɜɬɨɪɧɢɤ
ɫɪɟɞɚ
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɝ
ɩɹɬɧɢɰɚ
ɫɭɛɛɨɬɚ
ɜɨɫɤɪɟɫɟɧɶɟ
ɉɪɨɳɚɣ! (ɉɪɨɳɚɣɬɟ!)
ɉɨɤɚ!
Ⱦɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɝɨ!
49
ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ. Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɩɪɨɳɚɧɢɟ.
1. – Ɏɟɞɹ, ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɨ! ɇɟ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɣ, ɩɢɲɢ. Ɇɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɜɨɹ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ.
- Ʌɸɞɨɱɤɚ, ɞɨ ɫɜɢɞɚɧɢɹ. Ȼɭɞɭ ɜ ɫɤɚɣɩɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ. ȼɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɢɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ,
ɫɤɨɪɨ ɜɟɪɧɭɫɶ.
- ɋɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ, Ɏɟɞɹ!
- ɋɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɨ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ!
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ:
a) Ʉɚɤ ɜɵ ɞɭɦɚɟɬɟ, Ɏɟɞɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɢɬɫɹ?
b) Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɳɚɧɢɹ ɜɵ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɥɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɟ?
c) Ʉɭɞɚ ɨɧ ɭɟɡɠɚɟɬ?
d) ɋ ɤɟɦ ɨɧ ɩɪɨɳɚɟɬɫɹ?
50
11. ɎɈɊɆɕ ɈȻɊȺɓȿɇɂə ɂ ɉɊɂȼɅȿɑȿɇɂə ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂə ȼ ɊɍɋɋɄɈɆ
əɁɕɄȿ
2) ɍɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɣ!
Ⱦɨɱɟɧɶɤɚ!
51
Ⱦɨɪɨɝɨɣ ɞɪɭɝ!
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɞɨɛɪɵ!
ɢɥɢ
Ʉɚɤ ɜɵ? (ɇɭ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵ?)
Ʉɚɤ ɞɟɥɚ? Ʉɚɤ ɞɟɬɢ?
Ʉɚɤ ɠɢɜɺɬɟ? Ʉɚɤ ɠɢɡɧɶ?
Ʉɚɤ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ?
Ʉɚɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ?
Ʉɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɟ?
Ʉɚɤ ɭɫɩɟɯɢ? Ʉɚɤ ɭɱɺɛɚ?
52
a) Ʉɬɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɟ?
b) Ʉɚɤ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɤ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ?
c) Ʉɚɤ ɟɳɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɤ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ?
ɇɚ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ⱦɟɤɚɧ: …. (ɍɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ. Ⱦɪɭɡɶɹ). ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɦɵ ɫɨɛɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɡɞɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɧɚɲɢ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ! ɍ ɤɨɝɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɤɨ ɦɧɟ? ɉɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɣɬɟ,
ɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɪɚɸɫɶ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ.
ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬ: … (ɂɡɜɢɧɢɬɟ… Ɍɨɜɚɪɢɳ ɞɟɤɚɧ. ɍɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɣ ɞɟɤɚɧ. ɇɚɬɚɥɶɹ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɧɚ!).
ɋɤɚɠɢɬɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɱɧɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɫɫɢɹ?
53
ɇɚ ɭɥɢɰɟ:
… (ɉɨɫɥɭɲɚɣɬɟ! ɍɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɣ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳ! Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɢɧ! Ⱦɪɭɝ! Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ!) ɜɵ ɧɟ ɫɤɚɠɟɬɟ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɱɚɫ?
- ɉɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ ɲɟɫɬɨɝɨ.
ȼ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ:
ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬ: - (ɂɡɜɢɧɢɬɟ… Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɥɸɛɟɡɧɵ… ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ!... Ʌɚɪɢɫɚ Ⱥɧɚɬɨɥɶɟɜɧɚ!).
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧ?
ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ: - ȼ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɩɹɬɧɢɰɭ.
54
12. ɄȺɄ ɉɈɁɇȺɄɈɆɂɌɖɋə?
Ɉɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ:
Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ, ɦɟɧɹ ɡɨɜɭɬ Ʌɢɬɜɢɧɨɜ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɣ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɢɱ.
ɉɨɡɜɨɥɶɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ, ɦɟɧɹ ɡɨɜɭɬ Ȼɟɪɞɹɟɜ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɢɱ.
ɂɜɚɧɨɜ – ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪ.
ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɑɭɞɢɧɨɜ.
Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ:
Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ, ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɦɫɹ! Ɇɟɧɹ ɡɨɜɭɬ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ.
Ȼɭɞɟɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɵ! Ɇɟɧɹ ɡɨɜɭɬ ɉɚɜɟɥ.
Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ!
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ?
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɦɟɧɹ ɜɚɲɢɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɦ!
ə Ɇɚɬɜɟɣ. Ⱥ ɜɚɫ ɤɚɤ ɡɨɜɭɬ?
ɉɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ
ɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɸɫɶ ɦɵ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɦɫɹ
ɬɵ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɲɶɫɹ ɜɵ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɟɫɶ
ɨɧ (ɨɧɚ) ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɫɹ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɹɬɫɹ
Ɉɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ:
Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɚɦ ɦɨɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɝɭ. ȿɝɨ ɡɨɜɭɬ Ƚɚɪɢɧ ɂɥɶɹ
ɉɟɬɪɨɜɢɱ.
ɉɨɡɜɨɥɶɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɚɦ ɦɨɸ ɠɟɧɭ: Ƚɚɥɢɧɚ ɋɬɟɩɚɧɨɜɧɚ.
Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɚɦ ɦɨɟɝɨ ɞɪɭɝɚ: ɋɟɪɝɟɣ ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ.
Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ:
ɉɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶ! ɗɬɨ ɦɨɣ ɛɪɚɬ Ⱥɥɶɛɟɪɬ.
ɏɨɱɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ȼɚɦ ɦɨɟɝɨ ɞɪɭɝɚ? ȿɝɨ ɡɨɜɭɬ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ.
ɉɪɨɲɭ ɥɸɛɢɬɶ ɢ ɠɚɥɨɜɚɬɶ: Ɍɚɬɶɹɧɚ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɧɚ
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ
ɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɸɫɶ ɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɦɫɹ
ɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɲɶɫɹ ɜɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɫɶ
ɨɧ (ɨɧɚ) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɹɬɫɹ
55
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ
ɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɫɶ ɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɫɹ
ɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɲɶɫɹ ɜɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɟɫɶ
ɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
Marta a OĐga sú dobré priateĐky. Zoznámili sa ešte na základnej škole, kde sa uþili
v jednej triede. Marta teraz pracuje a OĐga uþí v škole. Marta má dve deti, dcéru Annu a syna
Petra a jednu vnuþku Natašu. OĐga deti nemá. Nevideli sa už 5 rokov, pretože Marta žila
v Anglicku.
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13. ɄȺɄ ȾɈȽɈȼɈɊɂɌɖɋə Ɉ ȼɋɌɊȿɑȿ?
ɄȺɄ ɉɊɂȽɅȺɋɂɌɖ ȼ ȽɈɋɌɂ?
ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢ.
- ɉɪɢɜɟɬ, ȼɢɬɹ!
- ɉɪɢɜɟɬ, ɘɪɚ! ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɢɦ! Ƚɞɟ ɬɵ ɩɪɨɩɚɞɚɥ? ə ɬɟɛɹ ɞɜɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɜɢɞɟɥ?
Ʉɚɤ ɬɵ?
- Ⱦɚ, ɧɢɱɟɝɨ. ə ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ, ɞɨɦɨɣ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟ ɟɡɞɢɥ.
- Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɣ, ɤɚɤɚɹ ɭ ɬɟɛɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ? Ƚɞɟ ɬɵ ɛɵɥ?
- ə ɜɨ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ ɛɵɥ, ɜ Ʉɚɧɧɚɯ. ȼɢɬɹ, ɩɪɨɫɬɢ, ɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɩɟɲɭ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ, ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɦɫɹ ɜ
ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ?
- ȼ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɦɟɧɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ, ɟɞɟɦ ɡɚ ɝɨɪɨɞ ɤ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɚɦ. ɍ ɞɹɞɢ ɸɛɢɥɟɣ, ɟɦɭ
70.
- ɇɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɠɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɫɹ, ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ. Ɍɚɤ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɜɢɞɟɥɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ. Ⱥ ɜɟɱɟɪɨɦ
ɬɵ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɟɧ?
- Ⱦɨ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚ ɫ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɦ, ɩɨɬɨɦ ɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɟɧ.
- Ɍɚɤ ɞɚɜɚɣ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɦɫɹ! Ƚɞɟ?
- ȼɫɬɪɟɱɚ ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ, ɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɨɬ Ɇɚɧɟɠɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ. Ɇɨɠɟɦ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɝɥɭ
ɉɟɬɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɫɬɚ. Ɍɚɦ ɬɢɯɨɟ, ɭɸɬɧɨɟ ɤɚɮɟ.
- Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɥɢ? ɑɬɨ-ɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɦɧɸ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ.
- ɉɨɥɝɨɞɚ ɧɚɡɚɞ. ɇɭ ɤɚɤ, ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ?
- Ⱦɚ, ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɛɵ ɧɟɬ. ȼ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɞɟɜɹɬɨɝɨ?
- Ⱦɚɜɚɣ, ɜ ɩɨɥɞɟɜɹɬɨɝɨ.
- Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɶ. Ⱦɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ.
- Ⱦɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ.
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɤ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɭ
57
- ȿɫɥɢ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɫɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɧɢ.
- Ⱦɚ, ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɶ.
- Ⱦɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ.
- Ⱦɨ ɩɹɬɧɢɰɵ.
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɤ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɭ
ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɬɶɫɹ
ɜɫɬɪɟɱɭɫɶ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɦɫɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɫɶ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɦɫɹ
ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɲɶɫɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɲɶɫɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɟɫɶ
ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɫɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɹɬɫɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ
ɦɨɱɶ
ɦɨɝɭ ɦɨɠɟɦ
ɦɨɠɟɲɶ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɦɨɝɭɬ
Ɉɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ:
Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɬɶ ȼɚɫ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨɞɧɢɣ ɜɟɱɟɪ (ɜ ɝɨɫɬɢ).
ɉɨɡɜɨɥɶɬɟ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɬɶ ȼɚɫ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬ.
Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ:
ə ɯɨɱɭ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɬɶ ȼɚɫ ɜ ɮɢɥɚɪɦɨɧɢɸ.
Ɇɧɟ ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɬɶ ɬɟɛɹ ɧɚ ɞɟɧɶ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ.
ə ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɸ ɬɟɛɹ ɜ ɤɢɧɨ.
ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɥɢ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɬɶ ɬɟɛɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɭ?
ɉɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɟɦ ɜ ɝɨɫɬɢ:
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ɉɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɸ ȼɚɫ ɜ ɝɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɟ ɤ ɧɚɦ (ɜ ɝɨɫɬɢ).
ɉɪɢɟɡɠɚɣɬɟ!
ɉɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɟ!
Ɂɚɯɨɞɢ (ɬɟ), ɝɨɫɬɟɦ ɛɭɞɟɲɶ (ɝɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɛɭɞɟɬɟ).
ȼɨɣɞɢɬɟ!
ȼɯɨɞɢɬɟ!
ɉɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɦɢɥɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɫɢɦ!
ɀɞɭ ɜɚɫ (ɜ ɝɨɫɬɢ)!
ɋɸɞɚ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ!
Ɉɬɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɢ:
ɋɩɚɫɢɛɨ, ɫ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɞɭ!
ɋɩɚɫɢɛɨ, ɫ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɣɞɭ ɫ ɜɚɦɢ!
ɋɩɚɫɢɛɨ, ɨɯɨɬɧɨ!
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɥɚɫɶ, ɬɨ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ:
Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɶ!
Ɋɟɲɟɧɨ!
ɂɞɺɬ!
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɸ. Ȼɭɞɭ.
ɋɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɣ:
ɉɨɠɚɥɭɣ!
(Ⱥ) ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɛɵ ɧɟɬ!
ɇɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ:
Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ, ɩɪɢɞɭ.
ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɩɪɢɞɭ.
ɇɟ ɡɧɚɸ, ɫɦɨɝɭ ɥɢ ɩɪɢɣɬɢ.
Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ?
ɋɩɚɫɢɛɨ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɧɨ ɹ ɜɪɹɞ ɥɢ ɫɦɨɝɭ ɩɪɢɣɬɢ.
ɂɡɜɢɧɢɬɟ, ɚ ɹ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɝɭ ɩɪɢɣɬɢ.
Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɹ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɡɚɧɹɬ(ɚ).
ɍɜɵ, ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ɉɪɨɫɬɢɬɟ, ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɧɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɸ, ɧɨ ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɭɠɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚ.
Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ, ɥɭɱɲɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɦ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ.
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɦɵ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɦɫɹ?
ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ
ɡɚɜɬɪɚ
ɩɨɫɥɟɡɚɜɬɪɚ
ɭɬɪɨɦ
ɜ ɨɛɟɞ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɟɞɚ
ɜɟɱɟɪɨɦ
ɧɨɱɶɸ
ɜ ɩɨɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɢɤ
ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɧɢɤ
ɜ ɫɪɟɞɭ
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ɜ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɝ
ɜ ɩɹɬɧɢɰɭ
ɜ ɫɭɛɛɨɬɭ
ɜ ɜɨɫɤɪɟɫɟɧɶɟ
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱɚɫ
ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɝɨɞɭ
ɧɚ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɟ
ɤɨɝɞɚ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ
ȼ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɱɚɫɭ?
ȼ ɱɚɫ.
ȼ ɞɜɚ (ɬɪɢ, ɱɟɬɵɪɟ) ɱɚɫɚ.
ȼ ɩɹɬɶ (ɲɟɫɬɶ, ɫɟɦɶ, ɜɨɫɟɦɶ, ɞɟɜɹɬɶ, ɞɟɫɹɬɶ…) ɱɚɫɨɜ.
Ƚɞɟ ɦɵ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɦɫɹ?
ɍ ɧɚɫ (ɜɚɫ, ɬɟɛɹ…)
Ⱦɨɦɚ
ȼ ɤɢɧɨ, ɜ ɬɟɚɬɪɟ, ɜ ɦɭɡɟɟ, ɜ ɝɚɥɟɪɟɟ…
ȼ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɧɚ ɡɚɜɨɞɟ, ɜ ɛɸɪɨ, ɜ ɨɮɢɫɟ…
ȼ ɤɚɮɟ, ɜ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɟ, ɜ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɨɣ, ɜ ɱɚɣɧɨɣ…
ȼ ɩɚɪɤɟ, ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɟ, ɭ ɞɨɦɚ, ɭ ɜɯɨɞɚ…
ȼ ɂɅɂ ɇȺ?
ȼ ɇȺ
ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ, ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ, ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɟ, ɧɚ ɸɝɟ, ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɟ;
ɜ ɛɚɧɤɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ
ɜ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɟ, ɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɟ, ɧɚ ɛɭɥɶɜɚɪɟ, ɧɚ
ɜ ɬɟɚɬɪɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ
ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɧɚ ɮɚɛɪɢɤɟ, ɧɚ ɡɚɜɨɞɟ, ɧɚ ɩɨɱɬɟ, ɧɚ
ɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ, ɧɚ ɜɨɤɡɚɥɟ, ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɨɧɟ
ɜ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɟ, ɧɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɟ
ɜ ɦɭɡɟɟ ɧɚ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɟ
ɜ ɩɨɟɡɞɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ
ɜ ɩɚɪɤɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ
ɜ ɤɢɧɨ ɧɚ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɟ
ɜ ɦɟɬɪɨ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɜ ȽɍɆɟ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɢ
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟ:
Ɋɵɛɵ ɠɢɜɭɬ ɜ ɦɨɪɟ, ɜ ɪɟɤɟ, ɜ ɨɡɟɪɟ (ɜ ɜɨɞɟ).
Ɇɵ ɨɬɞɵɯɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɟ, ɧɚ ɨɡɟɪɟ, ɧɚ ɪɟɤɟ (ɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ).
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3) Ʉɨɥɹ ɜɱɟɪɚ ɛɵɥ … ɬɟɚɬɪɟ… ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɟ.
4) Ɍɭɪɢɫɬɵ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ … ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ. Ɉɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ … ɗɪɦɢɬɚɠɟ…ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɢ.
5) ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɫɬ ɛɵɥ … ɛɚɧɤɟ … ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.
6) Ɇɵ ɝɭɥɹɥɢ … ɩɚɪɤɟ ɢ … ɭɥɢɰɟ.
7) Ⱥɧɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ… ɜɨɤɡɚɥɟ,… ɦɚɲɢɧɟ.
8) ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪ ɠɢɥ … Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤɟ, … ɋɟɜɟɪɟ.
9) Ɉɥɶɝɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ … ɰɢɪɤɟ, ɚ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɚ … ɡɚɜɨɞɟ.
10) ȼɚɲɢ ɫɨɫɟɞɢ … ɩɨɱɬɟ? ɇɟɬ, ɨɧɢ …ɛɚɪɟ ɢɥɢ ... ɩɨɥɢɰɢɢ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ.
Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ
- Ⱥɧɧɚ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ? (ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ)
- ɇɟɬ, ɨɧɚ ɜ ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ.
ɯɨɞɢɬɶ
ɯɨɠɭ ɯɨɞɢɦ
ɯɨɞɢɲɶ ɯɨɞɢɬɟ
ɯɨɞɢɬ ɯɨɞɹɬ
ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɬɶ
ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɸ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɟɦ
ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɟɲɶ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɟɬɟ
ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɸɬ
ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɬɶ
ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɭ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɦ
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ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɲɶ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɬɟ
ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɬ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɹɬ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
1. ə ɧɟ ɡɚɫɬɚɥ ɜɚɫ ɞɨɦɚ. Ƚɞɟ ɜɵ ɛɵɥɢ? 2. ə ɞɚɜɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɢɠɭ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɫɟɫɬɪɵ. Ƚɞɟ ɨɧɚ? 3.
Ɇɵ ɜɢɞɟɥɢ ɜɚɫ ɧɚ Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɭɥɢɰɟ. ȼɵ ɬɚɦ ɠɢɜɟɬɟ? 4. Ʌɟɬɨɦ ȼɚɫ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɜ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ. Ƚɞɟ ȼɵ ɛɵɥɢ? 5. ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ȼɵ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɢ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ
ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ? 6. ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɠɢɬɢɢ ɬɚɤ ɲɭɦɧɨ ɩɨ ɜɟɱɟɪɚɦ?
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14. ɉɈɁȾɊȺȼɅəȿɆ ɋ ɉɊȺɁȾɇɂɄɈɆ
ɉɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɢ
ɩɪɚɡɞɧɭɸ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɭɟɦ
ɩɪɚɡɞɧɭɟɲɶ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɭɟɬɟ
ɩɪɚɡɞɧɭɟɬ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɭɸɬ
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ɠɟɥɚɬɶ – ɩɨɠɟɥɚɬɶ
ɠɟɥɚɸ ɠɟɥɚɟɦ
ɠɟɥɚɟɲɶ ɠɟɥɚɟɬɟ
ɠɟɥɚɟɬ ɠɟɥɚɸɬ
ɞɚɪɢɬɶ – ɩɨɞɚɪɢɬɶ
ɞɚɪɸ ɞɚɪɢɦ
ɞɚɪɢɲɶ ɞɚɪɢɬɟ
ɞɚɪɢɬ ɞɚɪɹɬ
ɩɪɢɦɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɦ
ɩɪɢɦɟɲɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɬɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɭɬ
(ɩɨ)ɧɪɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ
(ɩɨ)ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ – (ɩɨ)ɧɪɚɜɹɬɫɹ
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ȼɵ ɪɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ?
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- Ʉɨɝɞɚ ȼɵ ɪɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ?
- ə ɪɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɧɨɹɛɪɹ. Ⱥ ɬɵ?
- ə ɪɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɬɪɢɧɚɞɰɚɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɬɚ.
ɉɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɵɟ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɨɞɢɧɧɚɞɰɚɬɵɣ
ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɵɣ
ɬɪɢɧɚɞɰɚɬɵɣ
ɱɟɬɵɪɧɚɞɰɚɬɵɣ
ɩɹɬɧɚɞɰɚɬɵɣ
ɲɟɫɬɧɚɞɰɚɬɵɣ
ɫɟɦɧɚɞɰɚɬɵɣ
ɜɨɫɟɦɧɚɞɰɚɬɵɣ
ɞɟɜɹɬɧɚɞɰɚɬɵɣ
ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɵɣ
ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɵɣ
ɫɨɪɨɤɨɜɨɣ
ɩɹɬɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɣ
ɲɟɫɬɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɣ
ɫɟɦɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɣ
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ɜɨɫɶɦɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɣ
ɞɟɜɹɧɨɫɬɵɣ
ɫɨɬɵɣ
ɞɜɭɯɫɨɬɵɣ
ɬɪɺɯɫɨɬɵɣ
ɱɟɬɵɪɺɯɫɨɬɵɣ
ɩɹɬɢɫɨɬɵɣ
ɲɟɫɬɢɫɨɬɵɣ
ɫɟɦɢɫɨɬɵɣ
ɜɨɫɶɦɢɫɨɬɵɣ
ɞɟɜɹɬɢɫɨɬɵɣ
ɬɵɫɹɱɧɵɣ
ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɧɵɣ
ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟ.
Ⱦɟɧɶ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɜɨɫɤɪɟɫɟɧɶɟ
ɂɝɨɪɶ: - Ɍɵ ɝɨɬɨɜɚ? ɇɚɫ ɭɠɟ ɠɞɭɬ, ɚ ɧɚɦ ɟɳɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɤɭɩɢɬɶ ɰɜɟɬɵ ɟɝɨ ɠɟɧɟ.
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Ɉɥɶɝɚ: - Ⱦɚ, ɞɚ. ə ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɛɭɞɭ.
ɂɝɨɪɶ: - ə ɥɭɱɲɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɸ ɢɦ ɢ ɫɤɚɠɭ, ɱɬɨ ɦɵ ɨɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɟɦ.
Ɉɥɶɝɚ: - ɇɟ ɧɚɞɨ. ȼɫɟ, ɹ ɢɞɭ.
ɍ ȼɢɤɬɨɪɚ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ.
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɞɚɪɤɢ ȼɵ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɟ ɞɪɭɡɶɹɦ? Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɞɚɪɤɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɭ ȼɚɫ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ?
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɞɚɪɤɢ ȼɚɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɪɚɜɹɬɫɹ: ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟ? ɑɬɨ ȼɚɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɞɚɪɹɬ
ɞɪɭɡɶɹ ɢ ɪɨɞɧɵɟ? Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɪɨɤ ȼɚɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɧɪɚɜɢɥɫɹ/ɧɟ ɩɨɧɪɚɜɢɥɫɹ? ɑɬɨ ȼɚɦ
ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ – ɞɚɪɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɪɤɢ?
Ⱥ)
ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ: 11. 11. – ɨɞɢɧɧɚɞɰɚɬɨɝɨ ɧɨɹɛɪɹ
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23. 08. 28. 02.
14. 05. 05. 12.
09. 09. 03. 01.
31. 07. 24. 10.
15. 06. 06. 03.
23. 04. 13. 11.
Ȼ)
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɭɟɦ?
Ɋɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɨ
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ
Ⱦɟɧɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɟɬɟɣ
Ⱦɟɧɶ ɋɥɨɜɚɰɤɨɣ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ
ɇɨɜɵɣ ɝɨɞ
ɋɬɚɪɵɣ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɝɨɞ
Ⱦɟɧɶ ɉɨɛɟɞɵ
Ⱦɟɧɶ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ
ɀɢɜɟɬ ɧɚ 22 ɷɬɚɠɟ.
ȼɟɪɧɟɬɫɹ 31 ɢɸɥɹ.
Ⱦɨɱɢɬɚɥ 149 ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ.
ɇɚɩɢɫɚɥ 3 ɫɬɚɬɶɸ.
Ⱦɨɠɞɚɥɫɹ 1 ɩɨɛɟɞɵ.
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ɉɪɨɣɬɢ 90 ɤɢɥɨɦɟɬɪ.
ɉɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɥ 40 ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɶ.
ɍɦɟɪ ɜ 1200 ɝɨɞɭ.
Ɋɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɜ 1950 ɝɨɞɭ.
Ɉɧ ɫɧɹɥɫɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ 8 ɮɢɥɶɦɟ.
ɉɨɫɜɹɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ 1944 ɝɨɞɚ.
ɇɚ ɦɚɫɥɟɧɢɰɭ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɹɫɧɭɸ ɩɢɳɭ, ɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɢ ɪɵɛɭ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɛɥɸɞɨɦ ɦɚɫɥɟɧɢɰɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɛɥɢɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɟɤɭɬ
ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɫ ɩɨɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɢɤɚ, ɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ - ɫ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɝɚ ɩɨ ɜɨɫɤɪɟɫɟɧɶɟ. ɗɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɦɚɫɥɟɧɢɰɟɣ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ
ɦɚɫɥɟɧɢɰɭ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɪɟɜɨɭɝɨɞɧɢɱɚɸɬ ɞɨɦɚ, ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɝɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɸɬ ɝɨɫɬɟɣ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ. "Ƚɨɫɬɟɜɚɧɢɟ" ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɰɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ.
ȼ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ Ɇɚɫɥɟɧɢɰɵ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɭɥɢɰɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɥɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ
ɭɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɚ. ɋ ɭɬɪɚ ɢ ɞɨ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨ ɜɟɱɟɪɚ ɜɟɫɟɥɢɥɫɹ ɱɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɚɪɨɞ.
ɉɨ ɭɥɢɰɚɦ ɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɪɹɠɟɧɵɟ ɫ ɫɨɥɨɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɱɭɱɟɥɨɦ (ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ ɭɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɡɢɦɵ),
ɨɞɟɬɵɦ ɜ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɪɹɞɵ. Ɋɚɧɶɲɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɨɞɟɜɚɬɶ ɱɭɱɟɥɨ ɜ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɮɬɚɧ ɞɚ
ɥɚɩɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɪɭɤɢ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɟɤɥɢ ɛɥɢɧɵ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ
ɪɚɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɤɨɫɬɪɵ ɢ ɛɪɨɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɝɨɧɶ ɫɬɚɪɨɟ ɬɪɹɩɶɟ, ɧɟɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɭɬɜɚɪɶ. ȼ
ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɫɬɨɥɛ ɫ ɤɨɥɟɫɨɦ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ, ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɹɪɤɨ
ɩɵɥɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ.
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ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ Ɇɚɫɥɟɧɢɰɵ – ɉɪɨɳɟɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɤɪɟɫɟɧɶɟ – ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɭ
ɜɫɟɯ ɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɯ, ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ "Ȼɨɝ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɬ!".
(http://www.ctc-izhevsk.udm.ru/2009-02-04-16-15-31/255-2010-02-04-04-42-06)
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
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15. ɊȺȻɈɌȺ ɂ ɉɊɈɎȿɋɋɂɂ
Ʉɟɦ ɛɵɬɶ?
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
ɑɢɬɚɟɦ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ.
71
ɦɟɧɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɥɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ. Ⱥ ɜ ɝɢɦɧɚɡɢɢ ɦɧɟ ɩɨɜɟɡɥɨ: ɭ ɧɚɫ
ɛɵɥ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ. ɇɚɜɟɪɧɨɟ, ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥ ɦɨɣ ɥɸɛɢɦɟɣɲɢɣ
ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ.
Ⱦɢɦɚ: Ⱥ ɦɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɸ. Ɇɧɟ ɧɪɚɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ.
ɉɪɚɜɞɚ, ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɬɹɧɭɥɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɤ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɭɤɚɦ. ɉɪɚɜɞɚ, ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɹ ɬɨɠɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɥɸɛɢɥ. ə ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɬɚɥ. ɇɨ, ɩɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɹ ɥɸɛɢɥ ɯɢɦɢɸ, ɮɢɡɢɤɭ ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɸ.
Ɇɧɟ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨɞɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɹ ɯɨɬɟɥ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɜɪɚɱɨɦ, ɯɨɬɹ ɹ ɞɭɦɚɥ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɢ
ɬɵ.
ɘɪɚ: Ⱦɚ. ɂ ɫɬɚɥ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɨɜ.
Ⱦɢɦɚ: Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɭɱɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ, ɝɞɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɥɚ ɦɨɹ ɦɚɦɚ.
ɂɡ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɦɟɱɬɚɥɢ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɜɪɚɱɚɦɢ. Ɇɚɦɚ ɧɚɭɱɢɥɚ ɧɚɫ ɥɸɛɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
ɍɱɢɬɶɫɹ (ɝɞɟ?)
ə ɭɱɭɫɶ ɦɵ ɭɱɢɦɫɹ
Ɍɵ ɭɱɢɲɶɫɹ ɜɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɫɶ
Ɉɧ ɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɨɧɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ (ɝɞɟ?)
ə ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸ ɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɦ
Ɍɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɲɶ ɜɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬɟ
Ɉɧ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɨɧɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ
ɂɡɭɱɚɬɶ (ɱɬɨ?)
ɹ ɢɡɭɱɚɸ ɦɵ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦ
ɬɵ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɲɶ ɜɵ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɟ
ɨɧ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɨɧɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬ
- Ʉɟɦ ɜɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬɟ?
- ə ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸ - ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ.
- ɚɩɬɟɤɚɪɶ –ɟɦ
- ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪ –ɨɦ
- ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤ –ɨɦ
- ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ –ɨɦ
- ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤ –ɨɦ
- ɩɨɱɬɚɥɶɨɧ -ɨɦ
- ɛɢɡɧɟɫɦɟɧ -ɨɦ
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- ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪ -ɨɦ
- ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ –ɟɦ
- ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ -ɟɣ
- ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ -ɟɦ
- ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪ -ɨɦ
- ɨɮɢɰɢɚɧɬ -ɨɦ
- ɩɪɨɞɚɜɟɰ -ɨɦ
- ɩɪɨɞɚɜɳɢɰɚ -ɟɣ
- ɤɚɫɫɢɪ –ɨɦ
- ɤɚɫɫɢɪɲɚ -ɟɣ
- ɝɨɪɧɢɱɧɚɹ -ɨɣ
- ɭɛɨɪɳɢɰɚ -ɟɣ
- ɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɲɚ –ɟɣ
- ɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɶ -ɺɦ
- ɫɬɨɥɹɪ -ɨɦ
- ɫɥɟɫɚɪɶ -ɟɦ
- ɤɭɡɧɟɰ -ɨɦ
- ɜɪɚɱ -ɨɦ
- ɦɟɞɫɟɫɬɪɚ -ɨɣ
- ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɨɪ –ɨɦ
ALE!
ə- ɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ
ɞɟɤɚɧ
ɪɟɤɬɨɪ
ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ
ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ
ɞɢɪɢɠɺɪ.
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪ
ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ
ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬ
Ƚɞɟ ɜɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬɟ?
- ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ
- ɜ ɜɭɡɟ
- ɧɚ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɟ
- ɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ
- ɜ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ
- ɧɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ
- ɧɚ ɡɚɜɨɞɟ
- ɜ ɛɸɪɨ
- ɜ ɨɮɢɫɟ
- ɜ ɦɭɡɟɟ
- ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ
- ɜ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɟ
- ɜ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɟ
ɢ ɩɪ.
73
Ƚɞɟ ɜɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɫɶ?
- ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ
- ɜ ɝɢɦɧɚɡɢɢ, ɜ ɭɱɢɥɢɳɟ, ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɭɦɟ, ɜ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɨɪɢɢ
- ɜ ɜɭɡɟ
- ɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ
- ɧɚ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɟ
- ɜ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ
- ɧɚ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɟ
- ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɤɭɪɫɟ ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɢɚɬɚ
- ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɭɪɫɟ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɬɭɪɵ
- ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɤɭɪɫɟ ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɭɪɵ
ɯɨɬɟɬɶ
ɯɨɱɭ ɯɨɬɢɦ
ɯɨɱɟɲɶ ɯɨɬɢɬɟ
ɯɨɱɟɬ ɯɨɬɹɬ
ɦɟɱɬɚɬɶ
ɦɟɱɬɚɸ ɦɟɱɬɚɟɦ
ɦɟɱɬɚɟɲɶ ɦɟɱɬɚɟɬɟ
ɦɟɱɬɚɟɬ ɦɟɱɬɚɸɬ
- ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɣ
- ɫɤɭɱɧɵɣ
- ɬɪɭɞɧɵɣ
- ɥɟɝɤɢɣ
- ɧɟɞɨɨɰɟɧɟɧɧɵɣ
- ɯɨɪɨɲɨ (ɩɥɨɯɨ) ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ
- ɩɪɟɫɬɢɠɧɵɣ
- ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ
- ɧɭɠɧɵɣ
- ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɣ
- ɜɚɠɧɵɣ
- ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
- ɭɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
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Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ.
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ.
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ.
75
Ɉɧɚ ɪɭɫɫ______, ɧɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɝɨɜɨɪ___ ________________________ (po taliansky,
nemecky a po grécky).
ȼɵ ɚɧɝɥɢ_____, ɢɥɢ ɚɦɟɪɢɤ______?
ə ɭɠɟ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɝɨɞ ɠɢ____ ɜ (ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ)...... Ɉɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɞ_____ ɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɨɬ (ɝɨɪɨɞ)...... ɉɚɩɚ ɫ
(ɦɚɦɚ)...... ɡɞɟɫɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ____ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ (ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ)....... ɇɨ ɹ ɭɱɭɫɶ ɜ (ɝɨɪɨɞ)...... ɜ
(ɬɟɯɧɢɤɭɦ)....... ,ɢ ɭɬɪɨɦ ɫ (ɦɨɣ)..... (ɛɪɚɬ)........ ɦɵ ɟɡɞɢɦ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞ. (Ȼɪɚɬ)..... ɲɤɨɥɚ
ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ. ɉɨ (ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ)......, ɩɨ (ɯɢɦɢɹ)...... ɢ ɩɨ (ɮɢɡɢɤɚ)...... ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ (ɩɥɨɯɚɹ
ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ)....... ɇɨ ɹ ɥɸɛɥɸ ɭɪɨɤɢ (ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ)......, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɫ (ɧɚɲɚ).....
(ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ)...... ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ. ȼɱɟɪɚ ɨɧɚ ɞɚɥɚ ɦɧɟ (ɤɧɢɝɚ)..... ɨɛ
ɨɞɧɨɦ (ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪ)....., ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɡɧɚ____, ɱɬɨ ɹ ɭɜɥɟɤ______ (ɦɭɡɵɤɚ)...... ə 5
ɥɟɬ ɢɝɪɚ____ ɧɚ (ɤɨɧɬɪɚɛɚɫ)...... ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ 6 (ɧɟɞɟɥɹ)...... ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬ ɜ (ɬɟɚɬɪ)....... ə
ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɥ (ɦɨɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ)................ ɫɥɨɜɚɰɤɨɝɨ (ɹɡɵɤ)...... ɍ ɧɟɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɨɟ
ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ (ɥɨɠɚ)....... ɇɨ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɹ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ (ɭɪɨɤ).....: ɡɚɜɬɪɚ ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨ
(ɮɢɡɢɤɚ).......
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
76
16. ɄɈɌɈɊɕɃ ɑȺɋ?
12.00 – ɩɨɥɞɟɧɶ
24.00 – ɩɨɥɧɨɱɶ
ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
77
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ȼɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɥɨɠɢɬɟɫɶ ɫɩɚɬɶ?
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ȼɵ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ (ɜ ɩɨɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɢɤ, ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɧɢɤ...)?
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɭ ȼɚɫ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ?
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ȼɵ ɡɚɜɬɪɚɤɚɟɬɟ, ɨɛɟɞɚɟɬɟ, ɭɠɢɧɚɟɬɟ?
78
17. ɂȾȿɆ, ȿȾȿɆ, ɅȿɌɂɆ
ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɂȾɌɂ ȿɏȺɌɖ
ɏɈȾɂɌɖ ȿɁȾɂɌɖ
ɧɨ
ɂɞɬɢ ɟɯɚɬɶ
ɢɞɭ ɢɞɺɦ ɟɞɭ ɟɞɟɦ
ɢɞɺɲɶ ɢɞɺɬɟ ɟɞɟɲɶ ɟɞɟɬɟ
ɢɞɺɬ ɢɞɭɬ ɟɞɟɬ ɟɞɭɬ
ɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɟɡɞɢɬɶ
ɯɨɠɭ ɯɨɞɢɦ ɟɡɠɭ ɟɡɞɢɦ
ɯɨɞɢɲɶ ɯɨɞɢɬɟ ɟɡɞɢɲɶ ɟɡɞɢɬɟ
ɯɨɞɢɬ ɯɨɞɹɬ ɟɡɞɢɬ ɟɡɞɹɬ
79
ɯɨɞɢɥ, ɯɨɞɢɥɚ, ɯɨɞɢɥɨ, ɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɟɡɞɢɥ, ɟɡɞɢɥɚ, ɟɡɞɢɥɢ
ɉɅɕɌɖ
ɉɅȺȼȺɌɖ ɧɚ ɱɟɦ? - ɧɚ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɟ
- ɧɚ ɥɨɞɤɟ
- ɧɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɯɨɞɟ
ɝɞɟ? - ɜ ɦɨɪɟ
- ɜ ɨɡɟɪɟ
- ɜ ɪɟɤɟ
- ɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɟ
ɩɥɵɬɶ ɩɥɚɜɚɬɶ
ɩɥɵɜɭ ɩɥɵɜɺɦ ɩɥɚɜɚɸ ɩɥɚɜɚɟɦ
ɩɥɵɜɺɲɶ ɩɥɵɜɺɬɟ ɩɥɚɜɚɟɲɶ ɩɥɚɜɚɟɬɟ
ɩɥɵɜɺɬ ɩɥɵɜɭɬ ɩɥɚɜɚɟɬ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɬ
ɅȿɌȿɌɖ
ɅȿɌȺɌɖ
ɧɚ ɱɟɦ? - ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬɟ
- ɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɨɥɺɬɟ
- ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɟɪɟ
- ɧɚ ɚɷɪɨɫɬɚɬɟ
- ɧɚ ɞɢɪɢɠɚɛɥɟ
- ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɟ
ɥɟɬɟɬɶ ɥɟɬɚɬɶ
ɥɟɱɭ ɥɟɬɢɦ ɥɟɬɚɸ ɥɟɬɚɟɦ
ɥɟɬɢɲɶ ɥɟɬɢɬɟ ɥɟɬɚɟɲɶ ɥɟɬɚɟɬɟ
ɥɟɬɢɬ ɥɟɬɹɬ ɥɟɬɚɟɬ ɥɟɬɚɸɬ
80
ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɟ ɥɟɱɭ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɭ.
ȼ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ ɥɟɬɚɸ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɨɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɢɤ.
ȻȿɀȺɌɖ
ȻȿȽȺɌɖ
ɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɛɟɝɚɬɶ
ɛɟɝɭ ɛɟɠɢɦ ɛɟɝɚɸ ɛɟɝɚɟɦ
ɛɟɠɢɲɶ ɛɟɠɢɬɟ ɛɟɝɚɟɲɶ ɛɟɝɚɟɬɟ
ɛɟɠɢɬ ɛɟɝɭɬ ɛɟɝɚɟɬ ɛɟɝɚɸɬ
ɉɪɢ-
ɉɪɢɣɬɢ, ɩɪɢɟɯɚɬɶ, ɭɣɬɢ, ɭɟɯɚɬɶ ɤɭɞɚ?, ɨɬɤɭɞɚ?
81
Ɉɧ ɩɪɢɲɟɥ - ɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ - ɢɡ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
Ɉɧ ɭɲɺɥ - ɧɚ ɥɟɤɰɢɸ - ɫ ɥɟɤɰɢɢ
- ɤ ɞɪɭɝɭ - ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ
- ɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ
ɇɟ ɩɭɬɚɬɶ!
ɉɪɢɣɬɢ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɭ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢɣɬɢ ɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ.
82
ɉɨɞɧɹɬɶɫɹ – ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɭɞɚ? ɨɬɤɭɞɚ?
ɧɚɜɟɪɯ
ɩɨ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɟ
ɧɚ ɷɫɤɚɥɚɬɨɪɟ
ɩɨ ɤɚɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ
ɧɚ ɩɨɞɴɺɦɧɢɤɟ
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ
83
Ȼ) 1) Ƚɞɟ ɜɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɟɬɟ ɠɢɬɶ – ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɚɢɧɟ? ɉɨɱɟɦɭ? 2)
ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɵ ɞɨɛɢɪɚɟɬɟɫɶ ɞɨ ɲɤɨɥɵ (ɞɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ)? 3) ɇɚ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɟɡɞɢɬɟ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɭ (ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ)? 4) ɑɟɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɟɫɶ ɜ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ (ɱɢɬɚɟɬɟ, ɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɜ ɨɤɧɨ…)? 5) Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɟ ɜ
ɋɥɨɜɚɤɢɢ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ?
ɂɞɢɬɟ - ɩɪɹɦɨ
- ɜɞɨɥɶ (ɛɟɪɟɝɚ, ɞɨɪɨɝɢ…)
- ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ
ȼɚɦ ɧɚɞɨ, ɧɭɠɧɨ, ɩɪɢɞɺɬɫɹ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ/ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɚɞɤɭ (ɩɟɪɟɫɟɫɬɶ)
84
2. Ɉɧ _________ ɢɡ ɲɤɨɥɵ, ________________ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɨɫɬ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ
______________ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ.
3. Ɇɚɥɶɱɢɤ ____________ ɞɨ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɦɢɧɭɬ ɡɚ ɩɹɬɶ.
4. Ɉɧ ______________ ɜɫɸ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɬɚɤ ɧɟ ɧɚɲɺɥ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɟɦɭ ɤɧɢɝɭ.
5. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɨɧ _____________ ɤ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɪɭ ɢ ɫɩɪɨɫɢɥ, ɝɞɟ ɟɺ ɧɚɣɬɢ.
6. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɪɶ __________ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɟɫɶ ɡɚɥ, ____________ ɞɨ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɝɨ
ɭɝɨɥɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɟɦɭ ɤɧɢɝɭ.
7. Ⱦɟɜɭɲɤɚ ɜɡɹɥɚ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɢ _____________ ɨɬ ɤɧɢɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɤɢ.
8. ɉɨ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ ɞɨɦɨɣ ɨɧɚ ______________ ɤ ɩɨɞɪɭɝɟ, ɢ ɨɧɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ______________
ɩɨɝɭɥɹɬɶ.
9. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚ _____________ ɞɨɦɨɣ, ɛɵɥ ɭɠɟ ɜɟɱɟɪ.
10. Ɇɚɦɚ ɫɩɪɨɫɢɥɚ, ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɟɟ ɬɚɤ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɢ ɤɭɞɚ ɨɧɚ ______________.
ȿɳɟ ɜ ɚɩɪɟɥ___ ɦɟɧɹ ɢ ɦɨ_____ ɞɪɭɝ____ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪ___ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɥ ɤ ɫɟɛ___ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜ____ ɧɚɲ
ɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɣ. ɇɨ ɦɵ ɦɨɝ____ ɩɨɟɯɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪ___. Ʉɭɩɢɥɢ ɛɢɥɟɬ___ ɢ 17-ɝɨ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪ__
ɩɨɟɯɚɥɢ. ȼɟɱɟɪ____ ɹ ɫ ɦɨ____ ɞɪɭɝ____ ɩɪɢɟɯɚɥɢ ɜ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤ____ ɚɷɪɨɩɨɪɬ ɒɟɪɟɦɟɬɶɟɝɨ.
Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧ____ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥ___ ɦɵ ɩɪɨɲɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɜɫɹɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ___, ɧɨ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɥ____ ɧɚ
ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧ____. ɍ ɦɟɧɹ ɜ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬ___ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɬɚɪ___ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮ____, ɢ ɦɧɟ ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶ ɜɫɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶ
ɩɨɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɨɦ___. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɦɵ ɜɡɹɥɢ ɫɜ___ ɛɚɝɚɠ, ɜ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɭɧɤɬ__ ɨɛɦɟɧɹɥɢ ɟɜɪɨ ɧɚ ɪɭɛɥ___
ɢ ɩɨɲɥɢ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞ. Ⱥɜɬɨɛɭɫ ɫɬɨɹɥ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɭ ɜɯɨɞ____ ɜ ɚɷɪɨɩɨɪɬ ɢ ɛɵɥ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ
ɞɟɲɟɜ___. ɇɚ ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫ___ ɦɵ ɞɨɟɯɚɥɢ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɜ____ ɫɬɚɧɰ____ ɦɟɬɪ__. ɂ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɪ___ ɩɨɟɯɚɥɢ ɜ
ɰɟɧɬɪ ɝɨɪɨɞ____. Ɍɚɦ ɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɧɰ____ ɦɟɬɪ___ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɦɨɫɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚɲ___
ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰ___. ɇɚɞɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɬɪ____ ɢ ɦɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰ____.
85
ɉɨɞɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɭ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ.
ə ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɟ_______ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɭ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɥ______ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɟ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ
ɛɵɫɬɪ_____ ɢ ɭɞɨɛ______ (pohodlnejšie), ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɨɟɡɞɟ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɚɷɪɨɩɨɪɬɭ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɪɨ_____ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ (colná kontrola). Ⱦɨ______ ɢɡ
ɚɷɪɨɩɨɪɬɚ ɓɟɪɟɦɟɬɟɜɨ ɞɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɥɟɝɤɨ. ɉɪɨ______ ɜɫɟɝɨ (najjednoduchšie)
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɟ_____ ɧɚ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɤɟ (minibuse) ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫɟ ɞɨ _______________
(najbližšej) ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɪɨ.
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
86
Z tejto zastávky ide autobus len do centra, ak chcete ísĢ do Devína, musíte prestupovaĢ.
Lietadlo odlieta o 10 minút, preto prosíme pasažierov zdržiavaĢ sa len v odletovej hale24.
Po pristátí nás þakala pasová a colná kontrola a potom dlhá cesta do mesta.
Zo stanice sme sa vybrali do dediny pešo, ale onedlho25 sme zistili, že náš chodník do nej
nevedie.
15 ɦɚɹ 1935 ɝɨɞɚ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɫɤɜɢɱɟɣ: ɨɬɤɪɵɥɫɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɠɞɚɧɧɵɣ
ɦɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɬɟɧ. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɪɟɤɨɪɞɧɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ — ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ
ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɪɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɜ 1931 ɝɨɞɭ. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ
ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɚ ɨɬ ɋɨɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɨ ɉɚɪɤɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ.
ɛɟɥɚɹ
ɠɺɥɬɚɹ
ɨɪɚɧɠɟɜɚɹ
ɪɨɡɨɜɚɹ
ɚɥɚɹ
ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ
ɥɢɥɨɜɚɹ
ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɚɹ
ɬɟɦɧɨ-, ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɡɟɥɺɧɚɹ
ɝɨɥɭɛɚɹ
ɫɢɧɹɹ
ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɚɹ
ɫɟɪɚɹ
ɱɺɪɧɚɹ
23
ɫɬɨɢɬ ɧɚ ɹɤɨɪɟ
24
ɜ ɡɚɥɟ ɜɵɥɟɬɚ
25
ȼɫɤɨɪɟ, ɧɟɡɚɞɨɥɝɨ, ɛɵɫɬɪɨ
87
Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ:
1) ɨɬ Ȼɟɥɹɟɜɚ ɞɨ ɉɚɪɬɢɡɚɧɫɤɨɣ
2) ɨɬ ȼȾɇɏ ɞɨ Ȼɚɝɪɚɬɢɨɧɨɜɫɤɨɣ
3) ɨɬ ɘɝɨɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɞɨ Ʉɨɥɨɦɟɧɫɤɨɣ
4) ɨɬ Ɍɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨ Ɍɚɝɚɧɫɤɨɣ
5) ɨɬ Ⱥɜɢɚɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɨ Ⱦɢɧɚɦɨ
6) ɨɬ Ʉɪɵɥɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɐɚɪɢɰɵɧɚ
7) ɨɬ Ȼɪɚɬɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɨɣ ɞɨ Ɉɪɟɯɨɜɚ
8) ɨɬ ɉɪɨɮɫɨɸɡɧɨɣ ɞɨ ȼɚɪɲɚɜɫɤɨɣ
88
ɉɍɌɖ ɈɌ ɆɈɋɄȼɕ ȾɈ ȻɈɅɈȽɈȽɈ
ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɥɨɜɚɰɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ.
ɋɥɨɜɚ ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ
ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ – ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ (ɩɨɟɡɞ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ 3 ɱɚɫɚ), ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɛɵɬɶ – ɩɪɢɛɵɜɚɬɶ (ɩɨɟɡɞ ɢɡ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɩɪɢɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ 11 ɱɚɫɨɜ), ɩɪɢɛɵɬɢɟ
ɨɩɨɡɞɚɬɶ – ɨɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɬɶ (ɩɨɟɡɞ ɨɩɨɡɞɚɥ ɧɚ 10 ɦɢɧɭɬ), ɨɩɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɜɨɤɡɚɥ
ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɚ
ɩɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɟ
ɤɨɦɧɚɬɚ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ
ɭɫɬɪɨɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɟ
ɤɨɣɤɚ
ɩɪɨɝɭɥɤɚ, ɝɭɥɹɬɶ, ɩɨɝɭɥɹɬɶ, ɩɪɨɝɭɥɹɬɶ
ɫɬɨɥɨɜɚɹ
ɡɚɤɭɫɨɱɧɚɹ
ɩɨɬɨɤ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɩɟɲɟɯɨɞ
ɫɤɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɟɡɞ
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ – ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɬɶ (ɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɭɥɤɭ, ɩɭɬɶ, ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ)
ɛɪɨɞɢɬɶ – ɩɨɛɪɨɞɢɬɶ (ɩɨ ɭɥɢɰɚɦ, ɩɨ ɥɟɫɭ…)
ɭɥɨɠɢɬɶɫɹ – ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɩɭɬɟɟɰ
ɧɚɜɟɫ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ – ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ (ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɭ, ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ…)
ɬɨɪɟɰ
ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ – ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ (ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ)
ȼ Ɍɜɟɪɢ
ȼ Ȼɨɥɨɝɨɟ
89
ɉɨɲɺɥ ɩɪɨɣɬɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɭ: ɩɨɭɠɢɧɚɥ ɜ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɦɟ
ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɥɨɤɨɦɨɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɛɪɢɝɚɞ. ɂɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɡɚɲɺɥ ɜ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɭ (ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɠɟ -
ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧ).
Ɉɤɨɥɨ 20 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɫɹ ɦɟɥɤɢɣ ɞɨɠɞɢɤ, ɢ ɩɪɨɝɭɥɤɭ ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ.
ɍɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɚɬɶ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɯɨɬɟɥɨɫɶ - ɩɨɛɪɨɞɢɥ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɯɷɬɚɠɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɤɡɚɥɭ,
ɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɦɭɫɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɭɠɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 150 ɥɟɬ, ɩɨɫɢɞɟɥ ɧɚ ɥɚɜɨɱɤɚɯ ɩɨɞ
ɧɚɜɟɫɚɦɢ, ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɞ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɚ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɛɨɬɥɢɜɨɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɣ ɜɨɤɡɚɥ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɫɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ
ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ, ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɟɣɰɵ ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɪɟɲɚɸɬɫɹ, ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ,
ɧɚɜɟɫɵ ɫɥɨɦɚɬɶ.
ȼɨɤɡɚɥ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɀɟɥɹɡɟɜɢɱɚ. Ɉɧ
ɠɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɬɭɩɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɤɡɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɉɢɬɟɪɟ ɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ, ɧɨ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ I ɩɨɫɱɢɬɚɥ ɢɯ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɫɤɪɨɦɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɨɥɢɰ ɢ ɩɨɪɭɱɢɥ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɥɸɛɢɦɰɭ – Ʉ.Ⱥ.Ɍɨɧɭ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɦɩɟɪɫɤɢɦ ɚɦɛɢɰɢɹɦ.
ɐɚɪɢ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ Ȼɨɥɨɝɨɟ ɢ ɜɤɭɲɚɬɶ ɨɛɟɞ.
ȼ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɷɬɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ II. ɍ ɬɨɪɰɚ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
ɉɢɬɟɪɚ, ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɝɢɛɲɢɦ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɢɤɚɦ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɥɫɹ ɰɚɪɫɤɢɣ
ɩɚɜɢɥɶɨɧ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɢ ɰɚɪɟɞɜɨɪɰɵ ɨɛɟɞɚɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɚ. ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɜɨɤɡɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɤɭɫɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɤɟ ɟɞɭ ɧɟ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɚɩɩɟɬɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ.
(http://www.skitalets.ru/trips/2006/borovichi_feodosov/)
90
18. ȼ ɆȺȽȺɁɂɇȿ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɦɚɝ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɦ
ɝɢɩɟɪɦɚɪɤɟɬ
ɫɭɩɟɪɦɚɪɤɟɬ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɪɤɟɬ
ɥɚɜɤɚ
ɤɢɨɫɤ
ɪɵɧɨɤ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ (ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ)
ɝɚɥɚɧɬɟɪɟɹ
ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɤɚ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ
ɛɭɥɨɱɧɚɹ
ɦɨɥɨɤɨ
ɪɵɛɚ - ɦɹɫɨ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ
ɨɩɬɢɤɚ
ɨɞɟɠɞɚ
ɨɛɭɜɶ
ɦɟɯɚ
ɦɟɛɟɥɶ
ɸɜɟɥɢɪɧɵɣ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ (ɸɜɟɥɢɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ)
ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ
ɤɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɫɤɢɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ
ɤɧɢɠɧɵɣ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ, ɞɨɦ ɤɧɢɝɢ
ɢɝɪɭɲɤɢ
ɫɚɥɨɧ ɫɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɵ
ɦɨɥɨɤɨ
ɫɥɢɜɨɱɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ
ɬɜɨɪɨɝ
ɫɥɢɜɤɢ
ɜɡɛɢɬɵɟ ɫɥɢɜɤɢ
ɫɦɟɬɚɧɚ
ɩɪɨɫɬɨɤɜɚɲɚ
ɤɟɮɢɪ
ɣɨɝɭɪɬ
ɫɵɪ – ɬɜɟɪɞɵɣ, ɦɹɝɤɢɣ, ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɵɣ
91
ɝɨɜɹɞɢɧɚ
ɬɟɥɹɬɢɧɚ
ɫɜɢɧɢɧɚ
ɛɚɪɚɧɢɧɚ
ɞɢɱɶ
ɝɭɫɹɬɢɧɚ – ɝɭɫɢɧɨɟ ɦɹɫɨ
ɭɬɹɬɢɧɚ - ɭɬɢɧɨɟ ɦɹɫɨ
ɤɭɪɢɧɨɟ ɦɹɫɨ – ɤɭɪɢɰɚ
ɤɨɥɛɚɫɚ
ɛɟɤɨɧ
ɜɟɬɱɢɧɚ
ɫɨɫɢɫɤɢ
ɫɚɪɞɟɥɶɤɢ
ɩɚɲɬɟɬ
ɤɨɬɥɟɬɵ
ɮɚɪɲ
ɯɨɥɨɞɟɰ
ɮɪɭɤɬɵ
ɹɛɥɨɤɨ
ɝɪɭɲɚ
ɞɵɧɹ
ɚɪɛɭɡ
ɛɚɧɚɧ
ɚɧɚɧɚɫ
ɤɢɜɢ
ɦɚɧɝɨ
ɚɩɟɥɶɫɢɧ
ɦɚɧɞɚɪɢɧ
ɝɪɟɣɩɮɪɭɬ
ɹɝɨɞɵ
ɫɥɢɜɚ
ɱɟɪɟɲɧɹ
ɜɢɲɧɹ
ɚɛɪɢɤɨɫ
ɩɟɪɫɢɤ
ɫɦɨɪɨɞɢɧɚ – ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ, ɱɟɪɧɚɹ
ɤɪɵɠɨɜɧɢɤ
ɟɠɟɜɢɤɚ
ɦɚɥɢɧɚ
ɤɥɭɛɧɢɤɚ
ɡɟɦɥɹɧɢɤɚ
ɛɪɭɫɧɢɤɚ
ɱɟɪɧɢɤɚ
ɪɹɛɢɧɚ
ɤɥɸɤɜɚ
ɝɪɟɰɤɢɣ ɨɪɟɯ
92
ɨɜɨɳɢ
ɨɝɭɪɟɰ
ɩɨɦɢɞɨɪ
ɩɟɪɟɰ
ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ, ɤɚɪɬɨɲɤɚ
ɦɨɪɤɨɜɶ
ɫɜɟɤɥɚ
ɪɟɞɢɫɤɚ
ɪɟɞɶɤɚ
ɪɟɩɚ
ɤɚɩɭɫɬɚ
ɰɜɟɬɧɚɹ ɤɚɩɭɫɬɚ
ɫɚɜɨɣɫɤɚɹ ɤɚɩɭɫɬɚ
ɛɪɨɤɨɥɢ
ɤɨɥɶɪɚɛɢ
ɬɵɤɜɚ
ɡɟɥɟɧɶ
ɩɟɬɪɭɲɤɚ
ɫɟɥɶɞɟɪɟɣ
ɥɭɤ
ɱɟɫɧɨɤ
ɥɭɤ ɩɨɪɟɣ
ɤɢɧɡɚ
ɭɤɪɨɩ
ɡɥɚɤɨɜɵɟ
ɮɚɫɨɥɶ
ɱɟɱɟɜɢɰɚ
ɝɨɪɨɯ
ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɚ
ɪɢɫ
ɩɪɢɩɪɚɜɵ
ɤɟɬɱɭɩ
ɝɨɪɱɢɰɚ
ɭɤɫɭɫ
ɫɨɭɫ
ɦɚɣɨɧɟɡ
ɦɚɫɥɨ – ɩɨɞɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɟ, ɨɥɢɜɤɨɜɨɟ
ɫɨɹ
ɩɪɹɧɨɫɬɢ – ɱɟɪɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɰ
ɞɭɲɢɫɬɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɰ
ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɰ
ɫɨɥɶ
ɹɣɰɨ
ɦɭɤɚ
ɦɚɤɚɪɨɧɵ
93
ɞɠɟɦ
ɜɚɪɟɧɶɟ
ɦɺɞ
ɲɨɤɨɥɚɞ
ɤɨɧɮɟɬɵ
ɜɚɮɥɢ (ɫ ɧɚɱɢɧɤɨɣ)
ɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɨɟ
ɬɨɪɬ
ɩɢɪɨɠɧɨɟ
ɛɟɡɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɢɬɤɢ
ɝɨɪɹɱɢɟ ɧɚɩɢɬɤɢ- ɱɚɣ
ɤɨɮɟ (ɫɨ ɫɥɢɜɤɚɦɢ)
ɤɚɤɚɨ
ɲɨɤɨɥɚɞ
ȼ ɆȺȽȺɁɂɇȿ ɂ ɇȺ ɊɕɇɄȿ
ɋ 1989-ɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɲɥɨ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɜɫɺ, ɤ ɱɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɜɵɤɥɢ ɧɚɲɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ,
ɫɬɚɥɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ-ɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɡɚɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ ɢ
ɩɨɤɭɩɚɥɢ ɜɫɺ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ. ɇɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɛɵɜɚɥɨ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ ɛɵɥ ɞɨ ɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ,
ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɺɦ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɥ ɤ
ɩɪɢɥɚɜɤɭ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɥɫɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɭ:
- Ⱦɨɛɪɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ, ɞɚɣɬɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɛɚɬɨɧ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ ɯɥɟɛɚ ɢ ɜɡɜɟɫɶɬɟ ɤɨɥɛɚɫɭ.
- Ʉɚɤɭɸ ȼɚɦ ɤɨɥɛɚɫɭ? ȼɚɪɟɧɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɩɱɟɧɭɸ?
- Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɤɨɩɱɟɧɭɸ.
- Ʉɭɫɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɪɟɡɚɬɶ?
- Ⱦɚɣɬɟ 300 ɝɪɚɦɦɨɜ ɤɭɫɤɨɦ, 200 ɝɪɚɦɦɨɜ ɧɚɪɟɠɶɬɟ.
- ȼɫɺ?
- Ⱦɚ, ɜɫɺ. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɦɟɧɹ?
- 750 ɪɭɛɥɟɣ.
- ɉɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ.
- ȼɨɡɶɦɢɬɟ ɫɞɚɱɭ.
- ɋɩɚɫɢɛɨ. Ⱦɨ ɫɜɢɞɚɧɢɹ.
94
ɉɨɯɨɠɢɣ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ ȼɵ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɭɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ ɢ ɜ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɟ ɫ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɤɨɣ, ɜ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɟ ɫ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɝɚɥɚɧɬɟɪɟɢ:
- ɋɤɚɠɢɬɟ, ɚ ɩɨ ɱɟɦ ɭ ȼɚɫ ɫɤɨɜɨɪɨɞɤɢ?
- Ɍɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɩɨ 500 ɪɭɛɥɟɣ, ɚ ɷɬɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɫɬɨɹɬ 1000 ɪɭɛɥɟɣ ɢ 2000 ɪɭɛɥɟɣ.
- Ⱥ ɤɚɤɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ?
- Ɍɭɬ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ. ɋɤɨɜɨɪɨɞɤɢ ɡɚ 2000 ɪɭɛɥɟɣ, ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɧɚɞɟɠɧɟɟ.
- ɏɨɪɨɲɨ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɹ ɜɨɡɶɦɭ ɷɬɭ ɩɨɞɨɪɨɠɟ.
ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɩɨ-ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ. Ⱦɚ, ɢ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɵ, ɚ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɩɨɤɭɩɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ, ɜ ɫɭɩɟɪɦɚɪɤɟɬɵ,
ɝɢɩɟɪɦɚɪɤɟɬɵ, ɝɞɟ ɩɨɞ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɪɵɲɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɭɩɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɭɩɢɬɶ ɢ ɟɞɭ, ɢ
ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɤɭ, ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɤɢ, ɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɭ, ɢ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ, ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɥɟɝɤɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ.
ɉɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ, ɛɟɪɟɬ ɤɨɥɹɫɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɪɡɢɧɤɭ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɟɫɶ ɞɟɧɶ ɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ
ɡɚɥɚɦ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɹɫɤɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɜɟɠɢɟ ɛɭɥɨɱɤɢ ɢ ɛɚɬɨɧ, ɩɚɤɟɬ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ,
ɩɚɱɤɚ ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɛɭɬɵɥɤɚ ɜɢɧɚ ɢ ɜɟɬɱɢɧɚ – ɜɫɟ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɢ ɧɚ ɭɠɢɧ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɚɦ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɢ
ɦɵɥɨ, ɲɚɦɩɭɧɶ, ɡɭɛɧɚɹ ɩɚɫɬɚ, ɫɬɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ, ɢ ɩɟɱɟɧɶɟ, ɢ ɤɨɧɮɟɬɵ, ɪɭɱɤɢ ɢ
ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɢ, – ɨɧ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɤɚɫɫɟ ɢ ɩɥɚɬɢɬ ɡɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ. Ʉɚɫɫɢɪɲɚ ɩɪɨɛɢɜɚɟɬ
ɱɟɤ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ. Ɇɨɥɱɚ ɞɚɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɜ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɫɭɦɦɭ.
ɉɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɥɚɬɢɬ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɱɟɤ ɢ ɭɯɨɞɢɬ.
Ɂɚɬɨ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɩɨɝɭɥɹɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ! ɇɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɜɟɞɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɶ
ɧɢɱɟɝɨ, ɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɸɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɚɦɢ, ɩɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɤɭɫ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ
ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɚɦɢ, ɫ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ.
- ɋɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɨɬɤɭɞɚ ɜɚɲɢ ɝɪɭɲɢ?
- ɂɡ-ɩɨɞ Ɍɭɥɵ.
- Ɉɧɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ, ɧɟɤɪɚɫɢɜɵɟ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɹ ɩɨɩɪɨɛɭɸ.
- ɉɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ. ɉɨɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ, ɨɧɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɵɟ, ɡɚɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɱɢɫɬɵɟ. Ⱥ ɩɢɪɨɝ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɜɤɭɫɧɵɣ!
- Ⱥ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɨɹɬ ɜɚɲɢ ɝɪɭɲɢ?
- 50 ɪɭɛɥɟɣ, ɥɭɱɲɟ ɢ ɞɟɲɟɜɥɟ ɧɢ ɭ ɤɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɬɟ.
- Ʌɚɞɧɨ. Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɤɢɥɨ ɜɚɲɢɯ ɝɪɭɲ.
Ⱥ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ.
- Ⱥ ɡɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɵ ɩɪɨɞɚɟɬɟ ɩɨɦɢɞɨɪɵ?
- Ɍɨɠɟ ɡɚ 50 ɪɭɛɥɟɣ.
- Ɉɣ, ɷɬɨ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɞɨɪɨɝɨ. Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɡɚ 30.
- ɑɬɨ ɜɵ? Ɂɚ 30 ɪɭɛɥɟɣ ɜɨɧ ɷɬɢ ɩɨɦɢɞɨɪɵ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɨ.
- ɇɟɬ, ɧɟɬ. ɗɬɢ ɦɧɟ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟ ɧɪɚɜɹɬɫɹ. ȼɨɡɶɦɭ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ, ɧɨ ɡɚ 40.
- ɇɭ, ɬɚɤ ɭɠ ɢ ɛɵɬɶ, ɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɡɚ 45.
ɇɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ. Ɍɚɦ ɜɟɞɶ ɫ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ, ɢ
ɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɢ ɩɨ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɧɟ ɤɭɩɢɬɶ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
95
Ɇɚɝɚɡɢɧ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ/ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ
Ɇɚɝɚɡɢɧ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫ 8 ɞɨ 20.
Ɇɚɝɚɡɢɧ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɫɭɬɨɱɧɨ.
Ɇɚɝɚɡɢɧ ɨɬɤɪɵɬ/ɡɚɤɪɵɬ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ
ȿɫɬɶ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɜɚɲɟɝɨ ɞɨɦɚ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɫɭɬɨɱɧɨ? ȿɫɥɢ
ɧɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧ? Ɉɧ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ?
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ
Kúpte si najnovší model osobného auta.
V obchode oproti mäso radšej nekupujte.
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ
Už niekoĐko rokov tam odevy nepredávajú.
Vþera sme predali posledný kus.
ɏɨɞɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɤɭɩɤɚɦɢ
ɏɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɦ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ
Platíte v pokladni, nie tu pri pulte.
Ešte som nezaplatil za jablká.
Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ – ɡɚɦɟɧɹɬɶ
Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɷɬɨɬ ɬɨɜɚɪ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɬɨɜɚɪ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɨɣɞɺɬ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ?
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ
96
Peniaze ti tam nevrátia, ale tovar môžeš vymeniĢ.
Ⱦɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɚɰɢɸ
ȿɫɥɢ ɬɨɜɚɪ ɫ ɢɡɴɹɧɨɦ, ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɚɰɢɸ.
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ
Za akých okolností je možné tovar reklamovaĢ?
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ
VzĢahuje sa zĐava na všetky tovary?
ZĐavy na knihy platia až od novembra.
ɫɬɨɢɬɶ ɢ ɫɬɨɹɬɶ
ale aj
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ
97
Ⱦɚɬɶ (Ⱦɚɣ! Ⱦɚɣɬɟ!)
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ
Prosím vás, nedávajte mi slivky do toho vrecka s ríbezĐami.
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ
Na trhu sa môžete nielen dohodnúĢ na cene, ale mnohé z tovarov aj skúsiĢ.
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ
Odvážte mi radšej troška viac.
Tovar v tomto obchode vážia pri pokladni.
Ʌɸɞ___ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɧ____. Ɇɨ____ ɫɨɫɟɞɤɚ ɤɚɠɞ___ ɭɬɪɨ, ɬɨɱɧɨ ɜ 9 ɱɚɫ____, ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ
ɢɡ ɞɨɦ____ ɡɚ ɩɨɤɭɩɤ_____. Ɉɧɚ ɭɠɟ ɫɬɚɪɟɧɶɤ_____, ɢ ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɟ___
ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɢɡ ɨɞɧ____ ɤɨɦɧɚɬ___ ɜ ɞɪɭɝ_____, ɧɨ ɞɨ 10 ɱɚɫ____ ɨɧɚ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɬ
ɩɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɛɭɥɨɱɧ_____, ɤɭɩɢɬɶ ɱɟɪɧ_____ ɯɥɟɛ ɢ ɞɜɚ ɛɚɬɨɧ___, ɩɨɣɬɢ ɜ ɝɢɩɟɪɦɚɪɤɟɬ ɢ
ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɚɦ____ ɞɟɲɟɜ____ ɣɨɝɭɪɬɵ ɫɨ ɜɤɭɫ___ ɦɚɥɢɧ___, ɢɥɢ ɤɥɭɛɧɢɤ___, ɬɪɢ
ɩɚɤɟɬ___ ɦɨɥɨɤ____ ɢ ɩɚɱɤ___ ɦɚɫɥ___. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɨɤɭɩɚ____ ɹɛɥɨɤ___, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɨɱɟɧɶ ɥɸɛ____ ɟɟ ɦɭɠ, ɤɚɪɬɨɲɤ___, ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɲɬɭɤ ɥɭɤ____, ɱɟɫɧɨɤ, ɦɨɪɤɨɜɤ___ ɢ
ɩɟɬɪɭɲɤ___. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɦɹɫɧɨɦɭ ɨɬɞɟɥ___ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɬ ɬɚɦ ɤɨɥɛɚɫ____ ɢɥɢ
ɜɟɬɱɢɧ____, ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɬɨɱɧɨ 200 ɝɪɚɦɦ____. ȼ ɩɹɬɧɢɰ___, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɡɹɬ ɫɜɟɠɟɟ ɦɹɫɨ,
ɩɨɤɭɩɚɟɬ ɫɜɢɧɢɧ___, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɟɟ ɦɭɠ___ ɜɤɭɫ ɝɨɜɹɞɢɧ____ ɧɟ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ. Ⱦɜɚ ɪɚɡ___ ɜ
ɧɟɞɟɥ___ ɛɟɪɟɬ 2 ɛɭɬɵɥɤ____ ɧɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɢɜ___ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɭɛɛɨɬ____ ɛɭɬɵɥɤ___ ɪɠɚɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɤ___. ɉɨ ɞɨɪɨɝ___ ɞɨɦ____, ɜ ɤɢɨɫɤ____ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤ___, ɩɨɤɭɩɚɟɬ 10 ɲɬɭɤ ɫɨɥɺɧɧɵɯ
ɨɝɭɪɰ____ ɢ ɩɢɪɨɠɤɢ ɫ ɦɹɫ____ ɢ ɤɚɩɭɫɬ_____.
98
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
99
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
100
19. ɁȾɈɊɈȼɖȿ ɂ ȻɈɅȿɁɇɂ
ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɚ
ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤɚ
ɩɪɢɟɦɧɚɹ ɜɪɚɱɚ
ɩɪɢɟɦɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɨɣ
ɩɚɥɚɬɚ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɡɚɥ (ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ)
ɪɟɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɹ
ɜɪɚɱ
ɞɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɜɪɚɱ, ɩɟɞɢɚɬɪ
ɝɢɧɟɤɨɥɨɝ
ɯɢɪɭɪɝ
ɥɚɪɢɧɝɨɥɨɝ
ɨɤɭɥɢɫɬ
ɡɭɛɧɨɣ ɜɪɚɱ (ɞɚɧɬɢɫɬ)
ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬ
ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɶ
ɝɨɥɨɜɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ
ɛɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɰɟ
101
ɛɨɥɶ ɜ ɝɨɪɥɟ
ɛɨɥɶ ɜ ɭɯɟ
ɛɨɥɶ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ
ɫɚɯɚɪɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ, ɞɢɚɛɟɬ
ɩɨɧɨɫ
ɡɚɩɨɪ
ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ
ɞɚɥɶɧɨɡɨɪɤɨɫɬɶ
ɛɥɢɡɨɪɭɤɨɫɬɶ
ɝɧɨɣ
ɡɚɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ – ɡɚɪɚɡɢɬɶɫɹ (ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɹ)
ɝɪɢɩɩ
ɧɚɫɦɨɪɤ – ɫɦɨɪɤɚɬɶɫɹ, ɜɵɫɦɨɪɤɚɬɶɫɹ
ɤɚɲɟɥɶ – ɤɚɲɥɹɬɶ
ɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɟɡ
ɚɧɝɢɧɚ
ɩɪɨɫɬɭɞɚ – ɩɪɨɫɬɭɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɩɪɨɫɬɭɠɚɬɶɫɹ
ɨɫɩɚ
ɤɪɨɜɨɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ (ɢɡ ɧɨɫɚ)
ɜɹɥɨɫɬɶ
ɫɥɚɛɨɫɬɶ
ɨɛɦɨɪɨɤ
ɦɢɝɪɟɧɶ
ɛɟɫɫɨɧɧɢɰɚ – ɫɬɪɚɞɚɬɶ ɛɟɫɫɨɧɧɢɰɟɣ
ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɭɞɚɪ
ɥɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɚ
ɫɭɞɨɪɨɝɚ
ɩɪɢɩɚɞɨɤ
ɢɧɫɭɥɶɬ
ɦɚɥɨɤɪɨɜɢɟ
ɫɫɚɞɢɧɚ
ɨɠɨɝ
ɪɚɧɚ, ɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɩɚɪɚɥɢɱ
ɪɟɜɦɚɬɢɡɦ
ɧɚɪɵɜ
ɜɵɜɢɯ - ɜɵɜɢɯɧɭɬɶ (ɫɭɫɬɚɜ)
ɨɩɭɯɨɥɶ
ɨɬɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ
ɪɚɤ
ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ - ɝɨɪɥɚ
ɦɨɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɭɡɵɪɹ
ɩɨɱɟɤ
ɥɟɝɤɢɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɭɯɚ
ɦɟɧɢɧɝɢɬ
ɚɩɩɟɧɞɢɰɢɬ
ɛɪɨɧɯɢɬ
102
ɞɟɫɧɚ
ɜɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɡɭɛɵ, ɜɫɬɚɜɧɚɹ ɱɟɥɸɫɬɶ
ɤɨɪɨɧɤɚ
ɤɨɪɟɧɶ ɡɭɛɚ
ɩɥɨɦɛɚ
ɨɛɟɡɛɨɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ (ɚɧɟɫɬɟɡɢɹ)
ɜɵɪɜɚɬɶ (ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ) ɡɭɛ
ɡɚɩɥɨɦɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɭɛ
ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɡɭɛ
ɛɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɭɛ
ɡɭɛɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɧɶ
ɤɚɪɢɟɡ
ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟ.
ɆȿȾɂɐɂɇɋɄɈȿ ɈȻɋɅɍɀɂȼȺɇɂȿ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɂ
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɩɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɥɨɯɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɜɚɦ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ
ɯɨɞɢɬɶ, ɡɜɨɧɢɬɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤɭ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɟ ɜɪɚɱɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɦ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤɢ, ɝɞɟ ɜɚɦ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨ ɨɤɚɠɭɬ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜɪɚɱɢ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ: ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɵ, ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢ, ɧɟɜɪɨɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢ, ɨɤɭɥɢɫɬɵ ɢ ɞɪ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ
ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɞɨ 14 ɥɟɬ ɢ ɫɬɨɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
(ɡɭɛɧɚɹ) ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤɚ.
ȼɪɚɱ-ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɚɦ ɞɨɦɨɣ, ɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɚɫ, ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɡ,
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ, ɜɵɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɨ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɫɶ, ɜɪɚɱ ɞɚɺɬ
ɜɚɦ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɭɯɨɞɨɦ ɜɪɚɱ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɣɬɢ,
ɢɥɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɣɬɢ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɺɦ.
ȼ ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɵ, ɝɞɟ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɫɞɚɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɵ, ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ
ɭɤɨɥɵ, ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɢɥɢ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬ. ɩ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ
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ɩɨɫɟɳɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤɭ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ, ɤ ɜɚɦ ɞɨɦɨɣ ɩɪɢɞɺɬ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɫɟɫɬɪɚ ɢ
ɫɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ.
ȼ ɜɟɱɟɪɧɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ
ɧɟɨɬɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɤɭɞɚ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɢɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɜɪɚɱɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɦ. ȼ ɨɫɨɛɨ
ɬɹɠɺɥɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ (ɩɪɢ ɢɧɮɚɪɤɬɟ, ɩɪɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɢ) ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɜɨɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɤɨɪɭɸ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɚɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ, ɜɵ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤɭ ɢ
ɛɟɪɺɬɟ ɬɚɥɨɧ ɤ ɜɪɚɱɭ ɧɚ ɬɨɬ ɞɟɧɶ ɢ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɚɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɪɚɱɢ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɜ ɞɜɟ ɫɦɟɧɵ: ɭɬɪɨɦ – ɫ ɞɟɜɹɬɢ ɞɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɞɧɹ ɢ ɜɟɱɟɪɨɦ - ɫ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɨ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ
ɱɚɫɨɜ ɜɟɱɟɪɚ. ȼ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤɚɯ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɞɥɹ
ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ, ɝɞɟ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɚɹ, ɜɪɚɱ ɜɵɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɚɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɭ. ȼɵ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜ ɩɥɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
(ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤɢ, ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɵ), ɝɞɟ ɜɚɦ ɨɤɚɠɭɬ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɭɫɥɭɝɭ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɝɨɦɟɨɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤɢ, ɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɜɪɚɱɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɚɜɚɦɢ.
ȼ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹɯ ɢ ɜ ɫɺɥɚɯ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ,
ɝɞɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɫɟɫɬɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɪɚɱ. ɉɪɢ ɬɹɠɺɥɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɯ
ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɹɬ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɭ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
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_____________ ɨɬ ɛɨɥɢ. 6) ə ɧɟ ɫɨɜɟɬɭɸ ɜɚɦ _____________ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɜɚɦ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɟɱɟɪɨɦ _____________ ɤɨɥɟɧɨ ɦɚɡɶɸ. 7) Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɭ ȼɚɫ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ?
ȼɵ ɟɺ _____________ ɜɟɱɟɪɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɭɬɪɨɦ? 8) ȼ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɟ ɜɚɦ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɨ
ɬɹɠɺɥɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ _____________ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ. 9) ȼɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ _____________, ɧɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɹɫɨ ɢ ɠɢɪɧɭɸ ɩɢɳɭ. 10) ȼɪɚɱ
_____________ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɢɺɦ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɧɟɞɟɥɸ.
ɍ ɜɪɚɱɚ
(ɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ)
ȼ ɚɩɬɟɤɟ
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢ.
1) Ɉɥɟɝ ɩɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɢ (ɥɨɠɢɥɫɹ, ɥɺɝ). Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɲɥɚ ɇɢɧɚ, ɨɧɚ
(ɜɵɡɜɚɥɚ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɚ) ɜɪɚɱɚ. ȼɪɚɱ (ɫɤɚɡɚɥ, ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ), ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɝɪɢɩɩ.
2) ɇɚɬɚɲɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɛɨɥɶɧɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɠɞɵ ɨɧɚ (ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ, ɩɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ) ɫɟɛɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɩɥɨɯɨ. Ⱦɪɭɡɶɹ (ɡɜɨɧɢɥɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɧɢɥɢ) ɜ ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤɭ ɢ (ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɢ, ɜɵɡɜɚɥɢ)
ɜɪɚɱɚ. ɇɚɬɚɲɚ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɥɟɠɚɥɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɟ. ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ. ɋɤɨɪɨ ɨɧɚ
(ɟɞɟɬ, ɩɨɟɞɟɬ) ɜ ɫɚɧɚɬɨɪɢɣ.
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ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
Oleg sa už veþer zle cítil, mal vysokú teplotu a bolesti v hrdle. Na ćalší deĖ nešiel do práce_
ale k lekárovi. Lekár mu povedal, že má chrípku, dal mu recept na lieky a kázal mu ležaĢ.
Povedal mu, že ak sa nebude cítiĢ dobre ani v piatok, musí ísĢ do polikliniky alebo si zavolaĢ
lekára domov. O niekoĐko dní ochorela aj jeho žena Nina. Choroba jej však neprešla ani po
lieþbe antibiotikami. V sobotu veþer museli zavolaĢ záchranku, pretože jej stav sa výrazne
zhoršil. V nemocnici ležala dva týždne. Teraz je už zdravá a cíti sa omnoho lepšie.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ.
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
106
NeznesiteĐne ma bolí noha. Zlomená nie je, ale asi mám vyvrtnutý þlenok.
TýždeĖ som bral antibiotiká, ale hrdlo ma stále bolí.
Prepáþte, môžete mi daĢ nieþo proti bolesti žalúdka?
Tieto tabletky braĢ nemôžem, mám na ne alergiu. Nemáte nejaký sirup?
Už skoro mesiac mám ruku v sadre.
Cestujem do zahraniþia, poradíte mi, aké lieky si mám zobraĢ so sebou?
Vþera mi bola hrozná zima a asi som prechladol.
Kvapky si dávajte vždy po jedle.
Lieky musíte užívaĢ pravidelne, každých 8 hodín.
Tak ako ja netrpí asi nikto, stále som chorý...
Nikdy v živote som nebol chorý a lieky som nikdy nebral.
Na Slovensku stále rastie poþet Đudí chorých na AIDS.
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20. ɋȼɈȻɈȾɇɈȿ ȼɊȿɆə
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɦɚɬɱɚ
Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ.
ɫɵɝɪɚɬɶ ɜɧɢɱɶɸ, ɛɨɥɟɬɶ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ, ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɛɵɝɪɚɥɚ, ɩɨɛɟɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚ ɧɚɦɢ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ.
ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɛɨɥɟɥɶɳɢɤ «ɋɩɚɪɬɚɤɚ» ɜɟɪɢɬ ɜ ɩɨɛɟɞɭ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ? Ʉɚɤ ɞɨɫɬɚɥ ɛɢɥɟɬɵ
ɛɨɥɟɥɶɳɢɤ «Ⱦɢɧɚɦɚ»? ɋ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɥɫɹ ɦɚɬɱ?
ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ
ɛɚɡɚɪ
ɛɚɥ
ɜɢɞɟɨɩɪɨɤɚɬ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɢɥɚɪɦɨɧɢɹ
ɞɢɫɤɨɬɟɤɚ
ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɚɥɟɪɟɹ
ɤɚɛɚɪɟ
ɤɚɡɢɧɨ
ɤɚɪɧɚɜɚɥ
ɤɚɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɚɧɤɚɯ (ɥɵɠɚɯ, ɪɨɥɢɤɚɯ)
ɤɢɧɨɬɟɚɬɪ
ɤɢɧɨɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɶ
109
ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɧɵɣ ɡɚɥ
ɦɭɡɟɣ
ɦɸɡɢɤɥ
ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɝɭɥɹɧɢɟ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɭɡɟɣ
ɨɩɟɪɚ
ɨɩɟɪɟɬɬɚ
ɩɚɪɚɞ
ɩɚɪɚɞ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɨɜ
ɩɚɪɤ ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨɤɚɡ ɦɨɞ
ɩɨɯɨɞ (ɬɭɪɩɨɯɨɞ)
ɫɩɥɚɜ ɧɚ ɛɚɣɞɚɪɤɚɯ
ɬɚɧɰɵ
ɬɟɚɬɪ
ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɶ
ɭɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɚɬɪ
ɰɢɪɤ
ɲɨɭ
ɹɪɦɚɪɤɚ
110
ɋɥɭɲɚɬɶ/ ɩɨɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ ɦɭɡɵɤɭ
ɂɞɬɢ/ ɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬ.
ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɜ ɤɢɧɨ ɢɞɺɬ …
ɚɤɬɟɪ/ ɚɤɬɪɢɫɚ
ɚɧɬɪɚɤɬ
ɛɚɥɟɬ
ɛɚɥɤɨɧ
ɛɢɥɟɬ
ɛɢɥɟɬɺɪ/ ɛɢɥɟɬɺɪɲɚ
ɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɫ ɫɭɛɬɢɬɪɚɦɢ
ɜɨɞɟɜɢɥɶ (ɤɨɦɟɞɢɣɧɚɹ ɩɶɟɫɚ ɫ ɩɟɫɟɧɤɚɦɢ, ɤɭɩɥɟɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɬɚɧɰɚɦɢ)
ɝɚɪɞɟɪɨɛ
ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ (ɫɵɝɪɚɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ)
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɞɟɤɨɪɚɰɢɢ
ɞɠɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ
ɞɢɪɢɠɟɪ
ɞɪɚɦɚ
ɠɢɜɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ
ɢɧɫɰɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɤɚɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ
ɤɚɫɫɚ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ
ɤɨɦɟɞɢɹ
ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪ
ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬ
ɤɨɫɬɸɦɵ
ɥɨɠɚ
ɦɭɡɵɤɚ
ɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ
ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ
ɨɪɤɟɫɬɪ
ɩɚɪɬɟɪ
ɩɟɜɟɰ/ ɩɟɜɢɰɚ
ɩɢɚɧɢɫɬ
ɩɨɩ-ɦɭɡɵɤɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɦɶɟɪɚ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ/ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɤɚ
ɪɚɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ
ɪɟɠɢɫɫɺɪ
ɪɨɤ-ɦɭɡɵɤɚ
ɪɹɞ
ɫɟɚɧɫ
ɫɢɦɮɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ
ɫɤɪɢɩɚɱ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜ/ ɜ ɪɨɥɹɯ
ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɶ
111
ɫɩɟɰɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ
ɬɚɧɰɨɜɳɢɤ/ ɬɚɧɰɨɜɳɢɰɚ
ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɶɟɫɚ
ɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɹ
ɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɶ
ɮɢɥɶɦ
ɮɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɢɬɪɵ
ɮɨɣɟ
ɮɨɥɤ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ
ɯɨɪ
ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ
Ɇɭɡɵɤɚ
ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɱɟɦ?
ɫɵɝɪɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ?
ɇɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɭɛ
112
- ɬɚɧɰɟɜɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɥ/ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ
- ɛɚɪ
- ɭɸɬɧɨɟ ɤɚɮɟ
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɚɤɨɟ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɝɞɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ…?
- ɩɨɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ ɦɭɡɵɤɭ
- ɩɨɬɚɧɰɟɜɚɬɶ
ɋɩɨɪɬ
ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɜ (ɮɭɬɛɨɥ, ɜɨɥɟɣɛɨɥ, ɬɟɧɧɢɫ…)
ə ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɫɶ … ɬɟɧɧɢɫɨɦ.
ɚɣɤɢɞɨ
ɚɥɶɩɢɧɢɡɦ
ɚɷɪɨɛɢɤɚ
ɛɚɞɦɢɧɬɨɧ
ɛɟɝ
ɛɟɝ ɬɪɭɫɰɨɣ (jogging)
ɛɨɭɥɢɧɝ
ɜɟɪɯɨɜɚɹ ɟɡɞɚ
ɜɢɧɞɫɟɪɮɢɧɝ
ɜɧɟɞɨɪɨɠɧɢɤ
ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɡɦɟɣ
ɞɟɥɶɬɚɩɥɚɧ
ɞɡɸɞɨ
ɣɨɝɚ
ɤɚɪɚɬɟ
ɤɚɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ
- ɜɟɥɨɫɢɩɟɞɟ
- ɤɨɧɶɤɚɯ
- ɪɨɥɢɤɚɯ
- ɥɵɠɚɯ
- ɫɧɨɭɛɨɪɞɟ
ɤɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɭɥɤɚ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢɡɦ (ɛɨɞɢɛɢɥɞɢɧɝ)
ɦɢɧɢɝɨɥɶɮ
113
ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɧɧɢɫ
ɧɵɪɹɧɢɟ
ɨɯɨɬɚ
ɩɚɪɭɫɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ
ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɥɹɠɧɵɣ ɜɨɥɟɣɛɨɥ
ɫɟɪɮɢɧɝ
ɫɤɜɨɲ
ɫɬɪɟɥɶɛɚ
ɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɚɦ
ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɚɤɜɚɩɚɪɤ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɫ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɨɦ
ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ
ɤɚɦɟɧɢɫɬɵɣ ɩɥɹɠ
ɩɟɫɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɥɹɠ
ɧɭɞɢɫɬɫɤɢɣ ɩɥɹɠ
ɫɚɭɧɚ
ɫɨɥɹɪɢɣ
ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɡɚɥ
ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɤɥɭɛ
ɫɬɚɞɢɨɧ
ɬɟɧɧɢɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɬ
ɛɟɝɨɜɵɟ ɥɵɠɢ
ɞɨɫɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɧɨɭɛɨɪɞɚ
ɝɨɪɧɨɥɵɠɧɵɟ ɨɱɤɢ
ɫɤɢ-ɩɚɫɫ
114
ɥɵɠɧɵɟ ɩɚɥɤɢ
ɥɵɠɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɟɡɨɧ
ɥɵɠɢ
ɝɨɪɧɵɟ ɥɵɠɢ
ɝɨɪɧɨɥɵɠɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɨɪɬ
ɫɚɧɢ
ɫɚɧɤɢ
ɝɨɪɧɨɥɵɠɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɦɩɥɢɧ
ɬɪɚɫɫɚ
ɫɴɟɯɚɬɶ ɜɧɢɡ
ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ
ɛɚɫɤɟɬɛɨɥ
ɛɟɝ
115
ɛɟɝ ɫ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ
ɛɨɤɫ
ɛɨɪɶɛɚ
ɜɟɥɨɫɩɨɪɬ
ɜɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨ
ɜɨɥɟɣɛɨɥ
ɝɚɧɞɛɨɥ
ɝɢɦɧɚɫɬɢɤɚ
ɝɨɥɶɮ
ɝɪɟɛɥɹ
ɞɡɸɞɨ
ɤɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ
ɥɟɝɤɚɹ ɚɬɥɟɬɢɤɚ
ɥɵɠɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ
ɦɚɪɚɮɨɧ
ɦɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɤɚ
ɦɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɩɶɹ
ɦɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɨɬɚ
ɦɨɬɨɫɩɨɪɬ
ɩɚɪɭɫɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ
ɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɵɠɤɢ ɫ ɬɪɚɦɩɥɢɧɚ
ɩɪɵɠɨɤ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ
ɩɪɵɠɨɤ ɜ ɞɥɢɧɭ
ɩɪɵɠɨɤ ɫ ɲɟɫɬɨɦ
ɪɚɥɥɢ
ɪɟɝɛɢ
ɫɤɚɱɤɢ
ɫɬɪɟɥɶɛɚ
ɫɬɪɟɥɶɛɚ ɢɡ ɥɭɤɚ
ɬɟɧɧɢɫ
ɬɨɥɤɚɧɢɟ ɹɞɪɚ
ɬɪɨɣɧɨɣ ɩɪɵɠɨɤ
ɮɟɯɬɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɮɢɝɭɪɧɨɟ ɤɚɬɚɧɢɟ
ɮɭɬɛɨɥ
ɯɨɤɤɟɣ ɧɚ ɥɶɞɭ
ɯɨɤɤɟɣ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɜɟ
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ.
116
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ. Ɂɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ____ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢ____ ɹ ɫɦɨɝ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɥ ɜ
ɜɭɡ ɢ ɭɟɯɚɥ ɢɡ ɞɟɪɟɜɧ____. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɧɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɥɚɫɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɞɪɭɝ____ ɠɢɡɧɶ. ɗɬɨ
ɛɵɥɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɭɡ____ ɢ ɝɚɥɟɪ____, ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ____, ɩɨɥɧ____ ɤɧɢɝ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ ɫ
ɭɦɧ________, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧ______ ɥɸɞ_____, ɧɨɜ_____ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜ____ ɢ ɞɪɭɠɛ___. ɇɨ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɹ ɫɬɚɥ ɫɬɚɪ_____, ɹ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɬɨɫɤɨɜɚɥ ɩɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɧ___, ɝɞɟ ɜɫɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɨɞɧɟɟ ɢ
ɦɢɥɟɟ.
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
1) VeĐa rokov sa venujem športu, najprv to bol futbal, potom tenis a teraz bojové umenia.
2) Keć mám voĐný þas, rád þítam, alebo poþúvam klasickú hudbu.
3) Dnes mám veĐa rôznych záujmov, predtým, keć som mal 20 - 30 rokov, som sa
venoval len histórii.
4) V súþasnosti pracujem vo veĐkej slovenskej firme a na záujmy nemám veĐa þasu.
5) Som z hudobnej rodiny. Môj otec je klavirista, mama huslistka a staršia sestra hrá na
flautu.
6) VoĐný þas zvyþajne trávim na chate, blízko malej dedinky Slatinka pri Zvolene.
7) Nemám žiadne záujmy. Svoj voĐný þas trávim pred televízorom, alebo pred
poþítaþom.
8) Som veĐmi zaneprázdnený, ale ak mám chvíĐu þasu rád si preþítam historickú
literatúru.
__________________ (pamätám sa) ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ 6 ______ ɹ ɭɠɚɫɧɨ ɧɟɧɚɜɢɞɟɥ ɜɫɟ,
ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ _______________ (akokoĐvek) ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɦɭɡɵɤ____. ɇɚɜɟɪɧɨɟ, ɷɬɨ ɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ
ɜɨ ɦɧɟ ɜɵɡɜɚɥɢ __________ (hodiny) ɜ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧ____ ɲɤɨɥ___, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɹ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɥ ɩɨ
ɠɟɥɚɧ_____ ɦɨ____ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥ_____. _________ (obaja) ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧ______
ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬ_____. Ɇɚɦɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɥɢɫɬɤ______ ɨɩɟɪ____ ɜ Ȼɪɚɬɢɫɥɚɜ____ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɥɚ
ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɝɥɚɜɧ_____ ɪɨɥ____, ɨɬɟɰ ɛɵɥ ɫɚɤɫɨɮɨɧɢɫɬ_____ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ __________
___________ (džezovej kapele). ______________ (pochopiteĐne), ɨɧɢ ɧɚɞɟɹɥɢɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɢɯ
ɫɵɧɨɤ ____________ (stane sa) ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬ_____ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬ _____________ (rodinnú)
ɬɪɚɞɢɰ_____. ȼɫɟ ______________ (sa zaþalo) ɫ ɢɝɪ____ ɧɚ ɮɥɟɣɬ_____, ɡɜɭɤ ɤɨɬɨɪ_____
ɹ _______________ (doteraz) ɧɟ ɜɵɧɨɲɭ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɲɟɥ ____________ (klarinet) ɢ
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ___________ (klavír), ɤɨɬɨɪ_____ ɦɟɧɹ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɜɫɟ _____________________
(viac a viac) ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ. Ɇɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɠɟ 12 ______ ɢ ɹ __________ (skoro) ɜɫɟ ɫɜɨɟ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧ_____ ɜɪɟɦ____ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥ ɡɚ ɩɢɚɧɢɧɨ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɫɟ ɦɨ____ ɞɪɭɡ_____
ɢɝɪɚɥɢ _____________ (von). ɉɟɪɜ____ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧ_____ ɩɟɫɧ____ ɹ ɫɬɚɥ ɩɪɢɞɭɦɵɜɚɬɶ
ɭɠɟ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɜ_____ ɡɚɧɹɬ_____ ɧɚ ɩɢɚɧɢɧɨ. Ɉɧɢ _____________ (vznikali) ɤɚɤ-ɬɨ
ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɢ ɹ ɢɯ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ _______________ (zabúdal) ɤɚɤ ɢ ________________
(vymýšĐal). _____________ (neskôr), ɤɨɝɞɚ ɹ ɨɫɦɟɥɢɥɫɹ ɢ ɫɵɝɪɚɥ _______________
(niekoĐko) ɫɜɨɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰ_____ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥ_____, ɨɧɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɢɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɦɟɧɹ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ _____________ (talent). ɋɟɣɱɚɫ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧ_____
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧ____ ɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭ ɧɚɫ, ɧɨ ɢ ɡɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ_____, ɹ ɫɨ ɫɦɟɯ____
_____________ (spomínam) ɫɜɨɟ ɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧ_____ ɤ ɦɭɡɵɤ____.
117
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
118
9) Pár rokov som trénoval atletiku a nebol som najhorší.
10) Neviem, þo Đudia vidia na športovaní. PodĐa mĖa je to nezmysel.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ.
119
21. ȼ ɊȿɋɌɈɊȺɇȿ
ɛɥɸɞɨ
ɩɢɳɚ
ɟɞɚ
ɦɟɧɸ
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ɩɪɢɧɟɫɬɢ – ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬɶ – ɉɪɢɧɟɫɢ! ɉɪɢɧɨɫɢ! – ɉɪɢɧɟɫɢɬɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɫɬɚɤɚɧ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ – ɤɥɚɫɬɶ – ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶ! Ʉɥɚɞɢ! - ɉɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɛɭɬɵɥɤɭ ɪɹɞɨɦ.
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ – ɩɨɥɨɠɢ! – ɉɨɥɨɠɢ ɜɢɥɤɢ ɢ ɥɨɠɤɢ ɜ ɹɳɢɤ.
ɡɚɤɚɡɚɬɶ – ɡɚɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ – Ɂɚɤɚɠɢ! Ɂɚɤɚɡɵɜɚɣ! – Ȼɭɞɟɬɟ ɱɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɡɚɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ?
ɭɛɪɚɬɶ – ɭɛɢɪɚɬɶ – ɍɛɟɪɢ! ɍɛɢɪɚɣ! – ɍɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɬɚɪɟɥɤɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɥɚ.
ɧɚɤɪɵɬɶ – ɧɚɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ – ɇɚɤɪɨɣ! ɇɚɤɪɵɜɚɣ! ɇɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɫɤɚɬɟɪɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɥ.
ɥɢɬɶ – ɧɚɥɢɜɚɬɶ, ɪɚɡɥɢɜɚɬɶ - Ʌɟɣ! ɇɚɥɢɜɚɣ! – ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟ ɜɢɧɨ ɜ ɫɬɚɤɚɧɵ.
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɬɶ – ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɣ! – ȼɵ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɟ?
ɞɚɬɶ – ɞɚɜɚɬɶ – Ⱦɚɣ! Ⱦɚɣɬɟ! – Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɦɧɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɛɥɢɧɵ ɫ ɜɚɪɟɧɶɟɦ ɢ ɲɨɤɨɥɚɞɨɦ.
ɡɚɜɬɪɚɤɚɬɶ – Ɂɚɜɬɪɚɤɚɣ!
ɨɛɟɞɚɬɶ – Ɉɛɟɞɚɣ!
ɭɠɢɧɚɬɶ – ɍɠɢɧɚɣ!
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ – ɩɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ – ɑɬɨ ɜɵ ɦɧɟ ɩɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɟ ɢɡ ɜɚɲɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ
ɛɥɸɞ?
ɜɡɹɬɶ – ɛɪɚɬɶ – ȼɨɡɶɦɢ! Ȼɟɪɢ! – ȼɨɡɶɦɢɬɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɚɦ ɩɨɧɪɚɜɢɥɨɫɶ, ɧɟ ɫɬɟɫɧɹɣɬɟɫɶ!
ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɢɬɶɫɹ – ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɹ! – ɇɟ ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɬɟɫɶ, ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɫɺ ɝɨɬɨɜɨ.
ɋɬɨɥɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɧɨɠ
ɜɢɥɤɚ
ɥɨɠɤɚ – ɫɬɨɥɨɜɚɹ, ɱɚɣɧɚɹ, ɤɨɮɟɣɧɚɹ, ɞɟɫɟɪɬɧɚɹ
Ȼɥɸɞɚ
ɩɨɫɬɧɵɣ (ɫɚɥɚɬ)
ɧɟɠɢɪɧɨɟ (ɦɹɫɨ)
ɝɭɫɬɨɣ (ɫɨɭɫ)
ɫɵɪɨɟ (ɦɹɫɨ)
ɠɚɪɟɧɵɣ (ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ)
ɜɚɪɟɧɵɣ (ɪɢɫ)
ɨɬɜɚɪɧɵɟ (ɦɚɤɚɪɨɧɵ)
ɫɨɱɧɵɣ (ɲɚɲɥɵɤ)
ɫɜɟɠɚɹ (ɛɭɥɤɚ)
ɤɨɩɱɺɧɵɣ (ɫɵɪ)
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɚɹ (ɡɚɤɭɫɤɚ)
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ɝɨɪɹɱɟɟ (ɤɚɤɚɨ)
ɜɤɭɫɧɨɟ (ɩɢɪɨɠɧɨɟ)
ɫɤɢɫɲɢɣ (ɤɨɦɩɨɬ)
ȼɤɭɫ
ɧɟɠɧɵɣ
ɩɪɹɧɵɣ
ɧɟɫɨɥɺɧɵɣ, ɫɨɥɺɧɵɣ
ɫɥɚɞɤɢɣ
ɤɢɫɥɵɣ
ɝɨɪɶɤɢɣ
ɛɟɡɜɤɭɫɧɵɣ
Ɂɚɤɭɫɤɢ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɶ
ɢɤɪɚ
ɛɭɬɟɪɛɪɨɞ
ɹɣɰɨ ɩɨɞ ɦɚɣɨɧɟɡɨɦ
ɹɣɰɨ ɜɫɦɹɬɤɭ
ɹɣɰɨ ɜɤɪɭɬɭɸ
ɹɢɱɧɢɰɚ- ɝɥɚɡɭɧɶɹ
ɹɢɱɧɢɰɚ
ɨɦɥɟɬ
ɫɚɥɚɬ – ɪɵɛɧɵɣ
ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɨɜɨɳɧɨɣ
ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜɵɣ
ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ
ɫɚɥɚɬ ɢɡ ɩɨɦɢɞɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɨɝɭɪɰɨɜ
ɜɟɬɱɢɧɚ ɫ ɝɚɪɧɢɪɨɦ
ɪɭɥɟɬ ɢɡ ɜɟɬɱɢɧɵ
ɭɫɬɪɢɰɵ
ɫɨɫɢɫɤɢ
ɫɚɪɞɟɥɶɤɢ
ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɛɥɸɞɨ
ɫɭɩ – ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɮɚɫɨɥɟɜɵɣ
ɝɨɪɨɯɨɜɵɣ
ɱɟɱɟɜɢɱɧɵɣ
ɫɭɩ-ɥɚɩɲɚ
ɤɭɪɢɧɵɣ/ɝɨɜɹɠɢɣ ɛɭɥɶɨɧ
ɛɨɪɳ
ɭɯɚ
ɳɢ
ɪɚɫɫɨɥɶɧɢɤ
ȼɬɨɪɨɟ ɛɥɸɞɨ
ɝɚɪɧɢɪ - ɪɢɫ
ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ – ɠɚɪɟɧɵɣ, ɜɚɪɟɧɵɣ, ɩɟɱɟɧɵɣ, ɩɸɪɟ, ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ ɮɪɢ
ɦɚɤɚɪɨɧɵ
122
ɤɧɟɞɥɢɤɢ
ɦɹɫɨ - ɲɧɢɰɟɥɶ
ɤɨɬɥɟɬɚ
ɛɢɮɲɬɟɤɫ
ɩɨɱɤɢ
ɹɡɵɤ
ɩɟɱɺɧɤɚ
ɪɚɝɭ
ɝɭɥɹɲ
ɲɚɲɥɵɤ
ɫɨɭɫ - ɫ ɯɪɟɧɨɦ
ɝɪɢɛɧɨɣ
ɫ ɥɭɤɨɦ
ɫ ɭɤɪɨɩɨɦ
ɬɨɦɚɬɧɵɣ
Ⱦɟɫɟɪɬ
ɩɢɪɨɝ
ɬɨɪɬ
ɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɨɟ
ɛɥɢɧɵ – ɫ ɜɚɪɟɧɶɟɦ, ɫɨ ɫɝɭɳɟɧɤɨɣ, ɫ ɢɤɪɨɣ, ɫ ɦɹɫɨɦ ɢ ɩɪ.
ɡɚɩɟɤɚɧɤɚ
ɩɭɞɢɧɝ
ɩɨɧɱɢɤɢ
Ɂɚɤɚɡ
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɞɨɛɪɵ…
- ɜɢɧɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɭ
- ɦɟɧɸ
ȼɵ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɦɧɟ ɱɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɩɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ?
Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɮɢɪɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɛɥɸɞɨ ɜ ɜɚɲɟɦ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ?
Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɛɥɸɞɨ ɞɧɹ?
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- ɞɜɚ ɩɢɜɚ
ɋɬɚɤɚɧ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ.
ɋ ɝɚɡɨɦ? Ȼɟɡ ɝɚɡɚ?
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɞɨɛɪɵ, ɤɨɮɟ ɫ ɦɨɥɨɤɨɦ (ɫɨ ɫɥɢɜɤɚɦɢ).
Ɍɨɫɬɵ
Ȼɭɞɟɦ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵ!
Ɂɚ (ɧɚɲɭ) ɜɫɬɪɟɱɭ!
ɇɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ!
Ɂɚ ɦɢɥɵɯ ɞɚɦ! Ɂɚ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɵɯ ɞɚɦ!
ɀɚɥɨɛɵ
ȿɞɚ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɚɹ
Ɇɹɫɨ ɧɟɩɪɨɠɚɪɟɧɨ.
Ɂɚɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɷɬɨ.
ə ɯɨɱɭ ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɫ ɲɟɮ-ɩɨɜɚɪɨɦ.
ɋɱɺɬ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ.
ə ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɤɚɡɵɜɚɥ.
ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟ.
ȼ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɟ
ȼ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɥɢ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ. Ⱦɜɨɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ, ɞɜɨɟ – ɫɥɨɜɚɤɢ.
ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ Ʌɟɨɧɢɞɨɜɢɱ: Ⱦɨɪɨɝɢɟ ɦɨɢ ɞɪɭɡɶɹ, ɞɭɦɚɸ, ɧɚɦ ɧɚɞɨ ɡɚɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ
ɫɵɬɧɨɟ. ȼɟɫɶ ɞɟɧɶ ɦɵ ɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɨ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ – ɜɫɟ ɦɵ ɭɠɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɨɥɨɞɚɥɢɫɶ.
ɉɟɬɟɪ Ʉɨɥɚɪ: ȼɟɪɧɨ, ɦɧɟ ɭɠɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ ɟɫɬɶ.
ɂɜɚɧɚ Ʉɨɥɚɪɨɜɚ: ə ɬɨɠɟ ɩɪɨɝɨɥɨɞɚɥɚɫɶ.
Ɂɢɧɚɢɞɚ ȼɢɤɬɨɪɨɜɧɚ: ə ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɝɨɥɨɞɧɚ, ɚ ɩɢɬɶ ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ.
ɇ.Ʌ.: Ɍɚɤ, ɞɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ. ɑɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɭɫɤɭ? ɇɟ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɥɢ ɧɚɦ ɫɚɥɚɬ ɨɥɢɜɶɟ ɢɥɢ,
ɫɤɚɠɟɦ ɫɟɥɺɞɤɭ ɩɨɞ ɲɭɛɨɣ?
ɉ. Ʉ.: ɋɚɥɚɬ ɨɥɢɜɶɟ. ə ɟɝɨ ɬɚɤ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɧɟ ɟɥ.
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ɂ. Ʉ.: Ⱥ ɹ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɤɭɫɤɢ. Ȼɨɸɫɶ ɩɨɬɨɥɫɬɟɬɶ.
ɇ.Ʌ.: ɉɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɂɜɚɧɚ, ɤɚɤ ȼɵ ɯɨɬɢɬɟ. Ⱥ ɱɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ?
ɂ.Ʉ.: ə ɜɨɡɶɦɭ ɬɨɦɚɬɧɵɣ ɫɭɩ. Ⱥ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ… ə ɛɵ ɯɨɬɟɥɚ ɩɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɟ.
Ɂ. ȼ.: ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ, ɞɚɜɚɣ ɜɨɡɶɦɺɦ ɪɚɫɫɨɥɶɧɢɤ. Ⱥ ɜɵ, ɉɟɬɟɪ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɫɭɩ ɛɭɞɟɬɟ?
ɉ.Ʉ.: Ɋɚɫɫɨɥɶɧɢɤ ɹ ɧɟ ɯɨɱɭ, ɨɧ, ɧɚ ɦɨɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɫɵɬɧɵɣ – ɹ ɜɨɡɶɦɭ ɛɭɥɶɨɧ.
ɇ.Ʌ.: ɇɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ, ɞɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɜɨɡɶɦɺɦ ɛɟɮɫɬɪɨɝɚɧɨɜ – ɷɬɨ ɬɭɬ ɮɢɪɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɛɥɸɞɨ. Ⱥ
ɤɚɤɨɣ ɜɚɦ ɝɚɪɧɢɪ? ɀɚɪɟɧɵɣ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ, ɪɢɫ, ɦɚɤɚɪɨɧɵ?
ɂ.Ʉ.: ə ɯɨɬɟɥɚ ɛɵ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɠɚɪɟɧɵɣ, ɚ ɜɚɪɟɧɵɣ.
Ɂ.ȼ.: Ⱥ ɦɧɟ ɪɢɫ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ.
ɇ.Ʌ.: Ⱥ ɬɪɟɬɶɟ ɡɚɤɚɠɟɦ ɩɨɡɠɟ. – Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɞɨɛɪɵ, ɩɪɢɦɢɬɟ ɡɚɤɚɡ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ: ɬɪɢ ɩɨɪɰɢɢ
ɫɚɥɚɬɚ ɨɥɢɜɶɟ, ɪɚɫɫɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ – ɞɜɟ ɩɨɪɰɢɢ, ɨɞɧɭ ɩɨɪɰɢɸ ɤɭɪɢɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɥɶɨɧɚ ɢ ɨɞɧɭ
ɩɨɪɰɢɸ ɬɨɦɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɩɚ. ɑɟɬɵɪɟ ɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɛɟɮɫɬɪɨɝɚɧɨɜ. ɇɚ ɝɚɪɧɢɪ – ɪɢɫ, ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ,
ɨɞɢɧ ɜɚɪɟɧɵɣ, ɞɜɚ ɠɚɪɟɧɵɯ.
Ɉɮ.: Ⱥ ɩɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɠɟɥɚɟɬɟ?
ɇ. Ʌ.: ɉɪɢɧɟɫɢɬɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɛɭɬɵɥɤɭ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɚ – ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ,
ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ.
Ɂ.ȼ.: Ⱥ ɦɧɟ ɟɳɟ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ, «Ⱦɠɟɪɦɭɤ».
Ɂɚ ɨɛɟɞɨɦ
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Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ, ɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɫɬ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ.
1) ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɉɟɬɟɪ ɧɟ ɯɨɬɟɥ ɡɚɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɨɥɶɧɢɤ? 2) Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɫɭɩ ɡɚɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɟɝɨ ɠɟɧɚ?
3)ɑɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɡɚɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɭɫɤɭ? 4) Ȼɵɥɢ ɥɢ ɝɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɦ-ɬɨ ɧɟɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɵ? 5) ɉɨɱɟɦɭ
ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɥ ɛɟɮɫɬɪɨɝɚɧɨɜ? 6) ȼɫɟ ɥɢ ɡɚɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɤɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɛɥɸɞɭ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɣ ɝɚɪɧɢɪ? ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɡɚɤɚɡɚɥɢ? 7) ȼɫɟ ɩɢɥɢ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɟ ɜɢɧɨ? 8)
Ʉɚɤ ɫɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɧɬɤɚ ɧɚ ɠɚɥɨɛɭ? 9) Ȼɵɥɢ ɥɢ ɝɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɵ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɟɞɨɣ? 10) ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜɵ ɩɨɧɹɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦ ɛɥɸɞɨ
ɩɨɧɪɚɜɢɥɨɫɶ/ɧɟ ɩɨɧɪɚɜɢɥɨɫɶ?
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
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Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ.
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
127
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ.
128
22. ɉɈȽɈȾȺ
ɉɨɝɨɞɚ - ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ
ɫɵɪɚɹ
ɯɨɪɨɲɚɹ
ɞɨɠɞɥɢɜɚɹ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɚɹ
ɩɚɫɦɭɪɧɚɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɱɢɜɚɹ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɚɹ
ɠɚɪɤɚɹ
ɬɟɩɥɚɹ
ɜɟɫɟɧɧɹɹ
ɥɟɬɧɹɹ
ɨɫɟɧɧɹɹ
ɡɢɦɧɹɹ
ɫɨɛɚɱɶɹ
ɤɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɹ
ɤɨɜɚɪɧɚɹ
ɋɨɥɧɰɟ – ɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ (ɜɨɫɯɨɞ ɫɨɥɧɰɚ), ɫɨɥɧɰɟ ɜɵɲɥɨ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɬɭɱ, ɫɨɥɧɰɟ ɜɡɨɲɥɨ
(ɜɨɫɯɨɞ)
ɡɚɯɨɞɢɬ (ɡɚɤɚɬ ɫɨɥɧɰɚ), ɫɨɥɧɰɟ ɡɚɲɥɨ
ɇɟɛɨ - ɱɢɫɬɨɟ
ɹɫɧɨɟ
ɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɟ
ɬɺɦɧɨɟ
ɫɢɧɟɟ
ɝɨɥɭɛɨɟ
ɫɜɢɧɰɨɜɨɟ
ɬɭɦɚɧ
ɬɭɱɚ (ɝɪɨɡɨɜɚɹ)
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ɫɧɟɠɢɧɤɚ
ɪɨɫɚ
ɦɨɥɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɪɤɚɟɬ
ɝɪɨɦ ɝɪɟɦɢɬ (ɩɪɨɝɪɟɦɢɬ)
ɠɚɪɚ
ɯɨɥɨɞ
ɦɨɪɨɡ – ɦɨɪɨɡɢɬ
ɡɚɦɨɪɨɡɤɢ
ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɬɶ - ɡɚɦɟɪɡɧɭɬɶ
ɥɺɞ – ɫɤɨɥɶɡɤɨ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɡɧɭɬɶɫɹ
ɝɨɥɨɥɟɞɢɰɚ - ɝɨɥɨɥɺɞ
ɫɨɫɭɥɶɤɚ
ɫɭɝɪɨɛ – ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɝɪɨɛɵ
ɦɟɬɟɥɶ
ɜɟɬɟɪ – ɞɭɟɬ, ɩɪɨɞɭɜɚɟɬ (ɧɚɫɤɜɨɡɶ) – ɫɢɥɶɧɵɣ
ɫɥɚɛɵɣ
ɩɨɪɵɜɢɫɬɵɣ
ɬɺɩɥɵɣ
ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ
ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ… ɤɦ/ɱ.
ɡɚɞɭɬɶ – ɫɧɟɝ ɩɨɞ ɤɪɵɲɭ
ɫɞɭɬɶ - ɫɜɟɱɤɭ
ɫɤɜɨɡɧɹɤ
ɝɪɚɞɭɫ
ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪ
ɛɚɪɨɦɟɬɪ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ (ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ)
ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ (ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ)
ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɤ
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɩɨɝɨɞɵ – ɉɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɭ ɩɨɝɨɞɵ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬɫɹ....
Ȼɵɬɶ ɞɨɠɞɸ.
ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɫɨɛɚɱɶɹ ɩɨɝɨɞɚ.
Ʌɶɺɬ ɤɚɤ ɢɡ ɜɟɞɪɚ.
130
Ɉɛɪɚɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬ ɧɚɪɟɱɢɣ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɣɬɟ ɢɯ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ.
Ɂɢɦɚ, ɜɟɫɧɚ, ɥɟɬɨ, ɨɫɟɧɶ, ɧɨɱɶ, ɭɬɪɨ, ɞɟɧɶ, ɜɟɱɟɪ, ɡɚɩɚɞ, ɜɨɫɬɨɤ, ɫɟɜɟɪ, ɸɝ
http://ɫɟɡɨɧɵ-ɝɨɞɚ.ɪɮ/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.html
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Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
1) Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɢɦɚ? 2) Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɞɧɢ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɡɢɦɨɣ? 3) Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ
ɞɟɧɶ? 4) Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɠɢɬɟ, ɤɚɤɚɹ ɩɨɝɨɞɚ ɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɜ ɜɚɲɟɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ/ɫɟɥɟ? 5) Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɫɚɦɵɣ
ɞɥɢɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ? 6) Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɞɚ ȼɚɦ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ?
Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ. 7) Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɥɸɛɢɬɟ? ɉɨɱɟɦɭ? 8) ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɋɥɨɜɚɤɢɢ ɢ ɂɫɩɚɧɢɢ.
(ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ – ɩɨɞɧɹɬɶɫɹ)
Ⱦɧɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ _____________ ɜɵɲɟ 40 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ.
Ⱦɧɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ _____________, ɚ ɧɨɱɶɸ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɩɨɯɨɥɨɞɟɥɨ.
(ɩɚɞɚɬɶ – ɭɩɚɫɬɶ);
ɇɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɭɠɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɧɟɣ _____________.
ɇɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɹɬɢ ɞɧɟɣ __________ ɧɚ 15 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ.
(ɩɨɧɢɡɢɬɶɫɹ – ɩɨɧɢɠɚɬɶɫɹ)
ɉɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɭ ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɤɨɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
_____________.
ɉɨ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɭ ɫɢɧɨɩɬɢɤɨɜ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ _____________.
(ɡɚɦɟɪɡɧɭɬɶ – ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɬɶ)
ȼ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɟ ɜɫɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɢ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ _____________.
ɇɚɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɡɢɦɚ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɢ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ _______________.
(ɞɭɬɶ – ɡɚɞɭɬɶ),
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ɋɦɨɬɪɢ ɤɚɤɨɣ ________ ɜɟɬɟɪ!
ȼɫɟ ɥɢɫɬɶɹ _________ ɧɚ ɞɨɪɨɝɭ.
(ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶɫɹ – ɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ)
Ȼɨɸɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɝɨɞɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ______________.
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɵ, ɩɨɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɝɨɪɚɯ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ___________.
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
133
Ʌɟɜɢɬɚɧ ɂ. ɂ. «Ɂɨɥɨɬɚɹ ɨɫɟɧɶ» 1895 Ƚɨɪɛɚɬɨɜ Ʉ. ɂ. «Ɂɢɦɧɢɣ ɩɟɣɡɚɠ ɫ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶɸ»1925
ɄɅɂɆȺɌ ɄȺɆɑȺɌɄɂ
Ʉɥɢɦɚɬ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɢ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɣ, ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɪɨɜɵɣ, ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɟ. ȼ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
— ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ, ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ. ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ
ɮɟɜɪɚɥɟ ɧɚ Ɂɚɩɚɞɟ —15 °ɋ, ɧɚ ȼɨɫɬɨɤɟ —11 °ɋ ɢ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ —16 °ɋ, ɜ
ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 12, 12,5 ɢ 16 °C. Ƚɨɞɨɜɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ ɨɬ 600 ɞɨ 1100 ɦɦ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɨɪ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɟɞɧɢɤɢ. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɥɟɞɟɧɟɧɢɹ
866 ɤɦ2.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɺɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɫ ɫɟɜɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɸɝ, ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜ ɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɰɢɤɥɨɧɨɜ.
Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɢ — ɷɬɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɬɪɵ, ɭɪɚɝɚɧɵ ɢ ɲɬɨɪɦɵ. ȼ
ɡɢɦɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ-ɥɢɛɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɞɭɸɬ ɜɟɬɪɵ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɫɜɵɲɟ
6 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ — 10–12 ɦ/ɫɟɤ.
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɜ — ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɬɪɵ, ɨɧɚ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɉɫɚɞɤɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɬ
ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ: ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ — ɫ ɚɩɪɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɶ — ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɟ.
Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ — ɱɚɫɬɚɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɝɨɞɵ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɫɟɡɨɧɵ ɝɨɞɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ
ɡɢɦɨɣ. ȼ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɢɦɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɚ 10 °ɋ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɩɥɟɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ.
ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ — ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɧɟɠɧɚɹ ɡɢɦɚ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ ɩɚɫɦɭɪɧɨɟ
ɥɟɬɨ.
134
ȼɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɟ
Ɂɢɦɚ. ȿɺ ɩɪɟɞɜɟɫɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɟɝ, ɜɵɩɚɜɲɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɚɯ ɫɨɩɨɤ. ɉɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ
ɛɟɥɚɹ ɩɟɥɟɧɚ ɫɧɟɝɚ ɫɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɤ ɩɨɞɧɨɠɢɸ, ɢ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɡɢɦɚ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ
ɫɜɨɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ. ɋɧɟɝ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɪɚɧɨ, ɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ ɫɧɟɠɧɵɣ
ɩɨɤɪɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɭ ɞɥɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɩɹɬɢ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ, ɚ ɧɚ
ɤɪɚɣɧɟɦ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɢ ɞɨ ɫɟɦɢ.
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɢ ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ
ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɦɢɧɭɫ 20–30 °ɋ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 6 °ɋ — ɧɚ ɸɝɟ.
ɋɚɦɵɣ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ — ɹɧɜɚɪɶ; ɧɚ
ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹɯ — ɮɟɜɪɚɥɶ.
Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɫɤɚɹ ɡɢɦɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɧɟɠɧɚ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɟɥɹɦɢ. ȼ ɩɪɟɞɝɨɪɶɹɯ ɫɧɟɝ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ
ɩɨɱɬɢ 2,5 ɦɟɬɪɚ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɧɟɠɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɪɨɜ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ
ɩɨɥɝɨɞɚ.
ȼɟɫɧɚ ɩɨɡɞɧɹɹ, ɯɨɥɨɞɧɚɹ ɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɚɹ, ɞɥɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɬɨɪɚ-ɞɜɚ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ
ɚɩɪɟɥɟ, ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ — ɜ ɦɚɟ. Ɉɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɩɨɝɨɞɨɣ,
ɱɚɫɬɵɦɢ ɦɨɪɨɡɚɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɵ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɜ. ȼ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɟ
ɡɚɰɜɟɬɚɸɬ ɫɚɞɵ, ɚ ɧɚ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɟ ɟɳɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɭɲɟɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɪɝɚ.
Ʌɟɬɨ ɤɨɪɨɱɟ ɡɢɦɵ ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɫɦɭɪɧɨɣ, ɞɨɠɞɥɢɜɨɣ ɩɨɝɨɞɨɣ. ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ
ɨɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɝɨɪɚɯ. ɋɚɦɨɟ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɟ ɥɟɬɨ — ɨɬ 4 ɞɨ 5 ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ — ɧɚ ɸɝɟ
ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ. Ʌɟɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹɯ ɞɭɸɬ ɜɟɬɪɵ ɸɠɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɱɚɫɬɵ ɬɭɦɚɧɵ. ɇɚ
ɬɺɩɥɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɞɧɟɣ ɫ ɬɭɦɚɧɚɦɢ: ɨɬ 10 ɞɨ 40 — ɜ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ, ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ — ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹɯ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɩɥɸɫ 10 °ɋ. ɀɚɪɤɢɯ ɞɧɟɣ
ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ. Ⱦɧɟɣ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɯɨɬɶ ɧɟɧɚɞɨɥɝɨ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɲɟ 20 °ɋ, ɧɚ
ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ.
Ɉɫɟɧɶ — ɥɭɱɲɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɇɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɨɧɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ, ɧɚ ɸɝɟ — ɜ
ɨɤɬɹɛɪɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɵ ɬɟɩɥɚ. ɇɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɢɯɚɹ
ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɚɹ ɩɨɝɨɞɚ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɨɫɟɧɢ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɢ ɢ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɩɥɸɫ 8–10 °ɋ, ɧɚ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹɯ — 5–7 °ɋ,
ɚ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɧɢ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 15–20 °ɋ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɞɧɢ ɹɪɤɚɹ ɫɢɧɟɜɚ ɧɟɛɚ,
ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ, ɪɚɫɰɜɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɫɨɩɨɤ ɢ ɥɟɫɚ ɩɪɢɞɚɸɬ
ɤɚɦɱɚɬɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɟɧɢ ɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɭɸ ɩɪɟɥɟɫɬɶ. ɇɨ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɞɧɺɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ. Ɂɚ
ɩɨɥɬɨɪɚ-ɞɜɚ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɨɧɚ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɠɟ ɧɭɥɹ.
(http://www.tokamchatka.ru/kamchatka_cli.shtm)
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
1. ɑɟɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ (podmienený) ɤɥɢɦɚɬ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɢ?
2. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɢ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ?
3. Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɟ?
4. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɞɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɟ ɡɢɦɚ? Ʉɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ? ȼ ɱɟɦ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɝɨɞɚ?
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5. Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɫɧɵ ɧɚ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɟ? Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ? Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɩɨɝɨɞɚ
ɞɥɹ ɧɟɺ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ?
6. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɟ ɥɟɬɨ ɢ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɢɬɫɹ? Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɚɹ ɥɟɬɧɹɹ
ɩɨɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɟ?
7. ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɨɫɟɧɶ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɟ?
8. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɟ ɢ ɜ ɋɥɨɜɚɤɢɢ? ȼ ɱɺɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ?
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
Ɂɢɦɚ. ȿɺ ɩɪɟɞɜɟɫɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɟɝ, ɜɵɩɚɜɲɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɚɯ ɫɨɩɨɤ. ɉɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ
ɛɟɥɚɹ ɩɟɥɟɧɚ ɫɧɟɝɚ ɫɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɤ ɩɨɞɧɨɠɢɸ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɡɢɦɚ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ
ɫɜɨɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ. ɋɧɟɝ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɪɚɧɨ, ɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ ɫɧɟɠɧɵɣ
ɩɨɤɪɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɭ ɞɥɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɩɹɬɢ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ, ɚ ɧɚ
ɤɪɚɣɧɟɦ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɢ ɞɨ ɫɟɦɢ.
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɢ ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ
ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɦɢɧɭɫ 20–30 °ɋ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 6 °ɋ — ɧɚ ɸɝɟ.
ɋɚɦɵɣ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ — ɹɧɜɚɪɶ; ɧɚ
ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹɯ — ɮɟɜɪɚɥɶ.
Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɫɤɚɹ ɡɢɦɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɧɟɠɧɚ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɟɥɹɦɢ. ȼ ɩɪɟɞɝɨɪɶɹɯ ɫɧɟɝ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ
ɩɨɱɬɢ 2,5 ɦɟɬɪɚ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɧɟɠɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɪɨɜ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ
ɩɨɥɝɨɞɚ.
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23. ɊȺȻɈɌȺ ɋ ɉȿɑȺɌɇɕɆ ɌȿɄɋɌɈɆ
ɀɚɧɪɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɫɬɚɬɶɹ
ɨɱɟɪɤ
ɮɟɥɶɟɬɨɧ
ɪɟɩɨɪɬɚɠ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸ
ɨɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ ɝɚɡɟɬ
ɧɨɜɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ
ɫɩɨɪɬ
ɦɢɪ
ɧɚɭɤɚ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ
ɤɭɯɧɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɬɶ – ɢɡɜɟɳɚɬɶ
ɨɩɨɜɟɫɬɢɬɶ – ɨɩɨɜɟɳɚɬɶ
ɭɜɟɞɨɦɢɬɶ – ɭɜɟɞɨɦɥɹɬɶ
ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɶ – ɫɨɨɛɳɚɬɶ
ɡɚɹɜɢɬɶ – ɡɚɹɜɥɹɬɶ
ɨɛɴɹɜɢɬɶ – ɨɛɴɹɜɥɹɬɶ
ɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɶ – ɨɝɥɚɲɚɬɶ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɨɬɤɥɢɤɧɭɬɶɫɹ – ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚɬɶɫɹ
ɨɬɨɡɜɚɬɶɫɹ – ɨɬɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɠɭɪɧɚɥɢɫɬ
ɪɟɩɨɪɬɟɪ
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ɉɪɟɦɶɟɪ-ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɭɜɟɞɨɦɢɥ…
ɉɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ Ⱥɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ… (Ⱥɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ…)
Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɨɬɨɡɜɚɥɫɹ ɨɛ…
ɋɆɂ ɨɝɥɚɫɢɥɢ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɨɜ...
ɋɟɪɝɟɣ Ȼɭɛɤɚ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɥ ɨ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɤɚɪɶɟɪɵ…
ȼ ɉɟɪɦɢ ɨɛɴɹɜɢɥɢ ɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɡɚɛɚɫɬɨɜɤɢ
Ʉɚɤ ɡɚɹɜɢɥ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɊɎ…
Ƚɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɧɭɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɜ…
ȼ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɥɢ ɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ…
ɉɨɥɢɰɢɹ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɟ…
ɉɨɢɫɤɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Google ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ…
26
ȼȺɁ 2101
27
Ⱦɨɪɨɠɧɨ-ɩɚɬɪɭɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ
28
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɫɩɟɤɰɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
29
ȼȺɁ 2106, ɢɥɢ Audi A6
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ȼ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɬɹɧɭɬɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ,
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɵ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ ɢ ɞɟɬɫɚɞɚɯ, ɞɟɬɟɣ ɪɚɫɩɭɫɬɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɞɨɦɚɦ, ɠɢɬɟɥɹɦ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɦɚ. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɢ
ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɫɩɟɰɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ ɂɌȺɊ-ɌȺɋɋ.
Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɛɵɥ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɟɳɺ ɞɨ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚ. Ⱦɧɺɦ 30 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ ɟɝɨ
ɪɚɫɤɪɵɥɚ ɝɥɚɜɚ ɦɢɫɫɢɢ, ɲɜɟɣɰɚɪɫɤɢɣ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬ ɏɚɣɞɢ Ɍɚɥɶɹɜɢɧɢ. "Ƚɪɭɡɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɜɨɣɧɭ, ɧɚɧɟɫɹ ɪɚɤɟɬɧɨ-ɚɪɬɢɥɥɟɪɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɭɞɚɪ ɩɨ ɐɯɢɧɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɧɨɱɶ ɫ 7 ɩɨ 8 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ", -
ɫɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɨɧɚ.
30
pod záštitou
31
ozbrojený konflikt zaþala...
32
obnova
139
ɉɟɪɟɣɞɺɦ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɭ. ȿɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɭɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɝɪɭɡɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɚɪɦɢɹ ɜ ɧɨɱɶ ɫ 7 ɧɚ 8
ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ 2008 ɝ. ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɦɚɫɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɫɬɪɟɥ33 ɐɯɢɧɜɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɥɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ
ɛɨɟɜɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɵ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɥɢ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɣɧɭ
ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ Ƚɪɭɡɢɹ.
33
bombardovanie
140
24. ȼɇȿɒɇɈɋɌɖ (ȼɇȿɒɇɂɃ ȼɂȾ) ɑȿɅɈȼȿɄȺ
Ɏɢɝɭɪɚ
– ɤɪɚɫɢɜɚɹ
- ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ
- ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɚɹ
- ɫɬɪɨɣɧɚɹ
Ɉɧ - ɬɨɧɤɢɣ, ɯɭɞɨɣ, ɩɨɥɧɵɣ, ɬɨɥɫɬɵɣ (ɬɨɥɫɬɹɤ, ɩɭɡɚɬɵɣ)
Ɋɨɫɬ
– ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ
- ɧɢɡɤɢɣ
- ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ
- ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ
- ɜɵɲɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ
- ɧɢɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ȼɟɫ
ȼɢɞ, ɜɧɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɛɥɢɤ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ
– (ɧɟ)ɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɣ
- ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ
- ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɵɣ
- ɥɚɫɤɨɜɵɣ
- ɛɨɹɡɥɢɜɵɣ
- ɫɚɦɨɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɣ
- ɧɚɢɜɧɵɣ
- ɬɭɩɨɣ
- ɫɬɪɨɝɢɣ
- ɪɚɜɧɨɞɭɲɧɵɣ
- ɫɭɪɨɜɵɣ
- ɡɚɞɭɦɱɢɜɵɣ
- ɩɪ.
ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬ
- Ɇɧɟ 30 ɥɟɬ.
- ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ
- ɩɨɞ ɫɨɪɨɤ
- ɤ ɫɨɪɨɤɚ ɝɨɞɚɦ
- ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɫɨɪɨɤɚ
- ɨɤɨɥɨ ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɢ
- ɟɳɟ ɧɟɬ ɫɨɪɨɤɚ
ɑɚɫɬɢ ɬɟɥɚ
ɝɨɥɨɜɚ
ɲɟɹ
ɥɢɰɨ
- ɱɢɫɬɨɟ
- ɛɥɟɞɧɨɟ
- ɫɦɭɝɥɨɟ
- ɡɚɝɨɪɟɥɨɟ
- ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ
- ɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ
- ɤɪɭɝɥɨɟ
141
- ɭɡɤɨɟ
- ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɟ
ɥɨɛ
- ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ
- ɧɢɡɤɢɣ
- ɫ ɦɨɪɳɢɧɚɦɢ (ɦɨɪɳɢɧɢɫɬɵɣ)
ɡɚɬɵɥɨɤ
ɜɢɫɨɤ – ɜɢɫɤɢ
ɬɟɦɹ, ɦɚɤɭɲɤɚ
ɭɲɢ
- ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ
- ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ
- ɨɬɬɨɩɵɪɟɧɧɵɟ
- ɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ
- ɜɨɥɨɫɚɬɵɟ
ɧɨɫ
- ɩɪɹɦɨɣ
- ɞɥɢɧɧɵɣ
- ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ (ɧɨɫɢɤ)
- ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ
- ɫ ɝɨɪɛɢɧɤɨɣ
- ɤɪɢɜɨɣ
- ɨɪɥɢɧɵɣ
- ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ, ɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɤɨɧɱɢɤ ɧɨɫɚ
(ɨɧ) ɤɭɪɧɨɫɵɣ
ɝɭɛɵ
- ɩɨɥɧɵɟ
- ɬɨɧɤɢɟ
- ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ
- ɭɡɤɢɟ
- ɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ
- ɬɨɥɫɬɵɟ
ɛɪɨɜɶ – ɛɪɨɜɢ
- ɭɡɤɢɟ
- ɬɨɧɤɢɟ
- ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ
- ɬɟɦɧɵɟ
- ɫɜɟɬɥɵɟ
- ɪɟɞɤɢɟ
- ɝɭɫɬɵɟ
- ɫɪɨɫɲɢɟɫɹ
ɪɟɫɧɢɰɚ – ɪɟɫɧɢɰɵ
- ɞɥɢɧɧɵɟ
- ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ
- ɝɭɫɬɵɟ
- ɢ ɩɪ.
ɝɥɚɡɚ (ɨɱɢ – ɭɫɬ., ɩɨɷɬ.)
- ɭɦɧɵɟ
- ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ
142
- ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ
- ɯɢɬɪɵɟ
- ɡɚɞɭɦɱɢɜɵɟ
- ɜɟɫɟɥɵɟ
- ɡɨɪɤɢɟ
- ɤɚɪɢɟ
- ɫɢɧɢɟ
- ɝɨɥɭɛɵɟ
- ɫɟɪɵɟ
- ɡɟɥɟɧɵɟ
- ɩɨɤɪɚɫɧɟɜɲɢɟ
- ɱɟɪɧɵɟ
- ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
- ɛɥɢɡɨɪɭɤɢɟ (ɨɧ ɛɥɢɡɨɪɭɤɢɣ)
- ɞɚɥɶɧɨɡɨɪɤɢɟ (ɨɧ ɞɚɥɶɧɨɡɨɪɤɢɣ)
- ɤɨɫɵɟ (ɨɧ ɤɨɫɨɝɥɚɡɵɣ)
- ɪɚɫɤɨɫɵɟ
ɜɟɤɨ - ɜɟɤɢ
ɳɟɤɚ – ɳɟɤɢ
- ɩɨɥɧɵɟ
- ɜɩɚɥɵɟ
- ɤɪɭɝɥɵɟ
- ɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ
- ɛɥɟɞɧɵɟ
- ɫ ɜɟɫɧɭɲɤɚɦɢ
ɩɨɞɛɨɪɨɞɨɤ
- ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ
- ɭɡɤɢɣ
- ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɚɢɣ
- ɛɪɢɬɵɣ
ɍ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɬ ɛɨɪɨɞɵ, ɭɫɨɜ. Ɉɧ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɛɨɪɨɞɭ, ɭɫɵ.
ɪɨɬ
- ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ
- ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ
ɡɭɛ – ɡɭɛɵ
- ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɟ
- ɛɟɥɵɟ
- ɱɢɫɬɵɟ
- ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ, ɜɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ
- ɤɪɢɜɵɟ
- ɛɨɥɶɧɵɟ
- ɫ ɩɚɪɨɞɨɧɬɨɡɨɦ
- ɫɤɨɛɤɢ ɧɚ ɡɭɛɚɯ
ɱɟɥɸɫɬɶ
ɧɺɛɨ
ɭɥɵɛɤɚ
- ɜɟɫɺɥɚɹ
- ɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɚɹ
- ɝɪɭɫɬɧɚɹ
- ɲɢɪɨɤɚɹ
143
- ɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɹɹ
- ɥɭɤɚɜɚɹ
- ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɚɹ
- ɡɚɝɚɞɨɱɧɚɹ
ɹɡɵɤ
ɭɫɵ
ɜɟɫɧɭɲɤɢ
ɦɨɪɳɢɧɵ
ɪɨɞɢɧɤɚ
ɜɨɥɨɫɵ
- ɬɟɦɧɵɟ
- ɫɜɟɬɥɵɟ
- ɪɟɞɤɢɟ
- ɝɭɫɬɵɟ
- ɩɪɹɦɵɟ
- ɜɨɥɧɢɫɬɵɟ
- ɜɶɸɳɢɟɫɹ
- ɤɭɞɪɹɜɵɟ
- ɫɟɞɵɟ
- ɱɟɪɧɵɟ
- ɤɚɲɬɚɧɨɜɵɟ
- ɛɥɨɧɞ
- ɛɟɥɨɤɭɪɵɟ
- ɛɥɨɧɞɢɧ, ɛɥɨɧɞɢɧɤɚ
- ɛɪɸɧɟɬ, ɛɪɸɧɟɬɤɚ
- ɪɭɫɵɟ
- ɪɵɠɢɟ
- ɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɟ
- ɫ ɩɟɪɯɨɬɶɸ
- ɠɢɪɧɵɟ
- ɩɪɢɱɟɫɚɧɧɵɟ
- ɪɚɫɬɪɟɩɚɧɧɵɟ
ɩɥɟɱɨ – ɩɥɟɱɢ
ɬɭɥɨɜɢɳɟ, ɫɬɚɧ, ɬɨɪɫ
ɩɨɞɦɵɲɤɢ
ɝɪɭɞɧɚɹ ɤɥɟɬɤɚ
ɝɪɭɞɶ
ɝɪɭɞɢ
ɩɭɩɨɤ
ɠɢɜɨɬ
ɬɚɥɢɹ
ɫɩɢɧɚ
ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɢɤ
ɥɨɩɚɬɤɢ
ɪɭɤɚ – ɪɭɤɢ
ɥɨɤɨɬɶ
ɡɚɩɹɫɬɶɟ
ɤɭɥɚɤ
ɥɚɞɨɧɶ
144
ɩɚɥɶɰɵ
- ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ
- ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
- ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ
- ɛɟɡɵɦɹɧɧɵɣ
- ɦɢɡɢɧɟɰ
ɧɨɝɨɬɶ – ɧɨɝɬɢ
ɛɨɤ
ɦɭɠɫɤɢɟ/ɠɟɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ
ɹɝɨɞɢɰɵ, ɩɨɩɚ, ɡɚɞ, ɡɚɞɧɢɰɚ
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ - ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɧɨɝɚ – ɧɨɝɢ
ɛɟɞɪɚ, ɥɹɠɤɢ
ɤɨɥɟɧɨ
ɢɤɪɚ
ɫɬɭɩɧɹ
ɳɢɤɨɥɨɬɤɚ, ɥɨɞɵɠɤɚ
ɤɨɠɚ
ɦɨɡɝ
ɱɟɪɟɩ
ɫɤɟɥɟɬ
ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɤ
ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɢɤ
ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ
ɥɟɝɤɢɟ
ɛɪɨɧɯɢ
ɠɟɥɭɞɨɤ
ɤɢɲɤɢ
ɩɟɱɟɧɶ
ɫɟɥɟɡɺɧɤɚ
ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɚɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ
ɫɨɫɭɞ
ɚɪɬɟɪɢɹ
ɜɟɧɚ, ɠɢɥɚ
ɤɪɨɜɶ
ɫɟɪɞɰɟ
ɫɭɫɬɚɜ
ɝɥɚɧɞɵ
ɦɭɫɤɭɥ, ɦɵɲɰɚ
145
- ɧɚ ɝɭɛɚɯ ɡɚɢɝɪɚɥɚ ɭɥɵɛɤɚ
- ɧɚ ɥɢɰɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ
Ʉɚɤ ɨɧ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ? – ɷɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɂɪɢɧɚ: ɇɢɧɚ, ɤ ɬɟɛɟ ɡɚɯɨɞɢɥ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ. Ɉɧ ɧɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɥ ɫɟɛɹ, ɧɨ
ɫɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɟɦɢ.
ɇɢɧɚ: Ʉɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɝ ɛɵɬɶ? Ⱥ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥ?
ɂɪɢɧɚ: ɇɚ ɜɢɞ ɹ ɛɵ ɞɚɥɚ ɟɦɭ ɥɟɬ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɩɹɬɶ. Ɋɨɫɬɚ ɨɧ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ.
ɇɢɧɚ: ɏɭɞɨɣ? ɉɨɥɧɵɣ?
ɂɪɢɧɚ: ɋɤɨɪɟɟ ɯɭɞɨɣ.
ɇɢɧɚ: Ʌɢɰɨ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɦɭɝɥɨɟ? Ɂɚɝɨɪɟɥɨɟ?
ɂɪɢɧɚ: ɇɟɬ, ɨɧ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɛɥɟɞɟɧ.
ɇɢɧɚ: ɂ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɥɢɰɚ, ɜɨɥɨɫɵ?
ɂɪɢɧɚ: ɍ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɥɢɰɚ ɢ ɱɟɪɧɵɟ, ɝɭɫɬɵɟ, ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɜɶɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɨɥɨɫɵ.
ɇɢɧɚ: Ⱥ ɝɥɚɡɚ, ɤɚɤɢɟ?
ɂɪɢɧɚ: Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɟ, ɤɚɪɢɟ, ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ.
ɇɢɧɚ: Ⱥ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɣ ɞɜɨɸɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɛɪɚɬ. Ɉɧ ɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɦ
ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ.
ɂɪɢɧɚ: Ⱥ ɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɬɟɛɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɞɜɨɸɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɛɪɚɬ. ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɬɵ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɧɟ
ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɥɚ ɦɟɧɹ ɫ ɧɢɦ?
ɇɢɧɚ: ȼɨɬ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɜɟɱɟɪɨɦ ɹ ɜɚɫ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɸ.
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
146
ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟ
Ʉɪɚɫɚɜɢɰɵ
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ɗɬɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɟɳɟ ɦɨɥɨɞɚɹ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚ, ɥɟɬ 17-18, ɨɞɟɬɚɹ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɫɬɸɦ, ɫ
ɧɟɩɨɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɣ, ɧɟ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɤɚ, ɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɱɶ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɫɬɪɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚ
ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ. Ɉɧɚ ɫɬɨɹɥɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɜɚɝɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɥɚ ɫ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɩɨɠɢɥɨɣ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɤɨɣ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɹ ɭɫɩɟɥ ɞɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɨɬɱɟɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɹ ɜɢɠɭ, ɦɧɨɸ ɜɞɪɭɝ
ɨɜɥɚɞɟɥɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ, ɤɚɤɨɟ ɹ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɥ ɤɨɝɞɚ-ɬɨ ɜ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɟ.
Ⱦɟɜɭɲɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɪɚɫɚɜɢɰɚ, ɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɫɨɦɧɟɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɢ ɹ, ɧɢ ɬɟ, ɤɬɨ
ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɣ ɫɦɨɬɪɟɥ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ.
ȿɫɥɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɬɹɦ, ɬɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɭ ɧɟɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɞɧɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɟɥɨɤɭɪɵɟ, ɜɨɥɧɢɫɬɵɟ, ɝɭɫɬɵɟ ɜɨɥɨɫɵ ɢ
ɩɟɪɟɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ ɱɟɪɧɨɣ ɥɟɧɬɨɱɤɨɣ, ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɢɥɢ
ɠɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ. Ɉɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɥɢ ɦɚɧɟɪɵ ɤɨɤɟɬɧɢɱɚɬɶ, ɢɥɢ ɨɬ ɛɥɢɡɨɪɭɤɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨɫ
ɛɵɥ ɧɟɪɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɡɞɟɪɧɭɬ, ɪɨɬ ɦɚɥ, ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɨɱɟɪɱɟɧ, ɩɥɟɱɢ ɭɡɤɢɟ ɧɟ ɩɨ ɥɟɬɚɦ,
ɧɨ ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɚ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɤɪɚɫɚɜɢɰɵ…
ɋɬɨɹ ɭ ɨɤɧɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɹ, ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚ, ɩɨɠɢɦɚɹɫɶ ɨɬ ɜɟɱɟɪɧɟɣ ɫɵɪɨɫɬɢ, ɬɨ ɢ ɞɟɥɨ
ɨɝɥɹɞɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɧɚɫ, ɬɨ ɩɨɞɛɨɱɟɧɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ, ɬɨ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɥɚ ɤ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ ɪɭɤɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɨɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɨɥɨɫɵ, ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɚ, ɫɦɟɹɥɚɫɶ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɥɢɰɟ ɬɨ ɭɞɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɬɨ
ɭɠɚɫ, ɢ ɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɦɧɸ ɬɨɝɨ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɛɵ ɟɟ ɬɟɥɨ ɢ ɥɢɰɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɩɨɤɨɟ. ȼɟɫɶ
ɫɟɤɪɟɬ ɢ ɜɨɥɲɟɛɫɬɜɨ ɟɟ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ, ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ
ɢɡɹɳɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɯ, ɜ ɭɥɵɛɤɟ, ɜ ɢɝɪɟ ɥɢɰɚ, ɜ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɯ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɚɯ ɧɚ ɧɚɫ, ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ
ɬɨɧɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɫɬɶɸ.
ɗɬɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɚ ɦɨɬɵɥɶɤɨɜɚɹ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɚɤ ɢɞɭɬ ɜɚɥɶɫ, ɫɦɟɯ, ɜɟɫɟɥɶɟ ɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟ ɜɹɠɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɦɵɫɥɶɸ, ɩɟɱɚɥɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɤɨɟɦ; ɢ, ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ, ɫɬɨɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɪɨɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɟ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɦɭ ɜɟɬɪɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɣɬɢ ɞɨɠɞɸ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɯɪɭɩɤɨɟ ɬɟɥɨ ɜɞɪɭɝ
ɩɨɛɥɟɤɥɨ ɢ ɤɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɹ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɚ ɨɫɵɩɚɥɚɫɶ, ɤɚɤ ɰɜɟɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɵɥɶ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
147
3) ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟ ɞɜɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ.
4) Ȼɵɥɚ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚ ɩɨ-ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɚɹ?
5) ȼ ɱɟɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɟɟ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɚ?
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ.
148
9) Myslím, že si trocha vyšší.
10) Predtým som bol tuþnejší.
11) Pery má urþite plnšie.
12) Už nechcem dlhšie vlasy.
13) V živote som nevidel krajšie dievþa.
14) Potrebujem užšiu sukĖu. Nemám taký tuþný driek.
15) Chcela by som byĢ štíhlejšia.
16) Môj brat je omnoho nižší.
ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟ.
Ʉɭɥɶɬ ɬɟɥɚ
149
ɇɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ «Men’s Health», ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ: ɦɭɠɱɢɧ, ɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ
ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ. Ɉɧɢ ɜɫɸɞɭ: ɜ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ
ɫɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ, ɤɢɧɨɮɢɥɶɦɚɯ, ɜ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɟ, ɡɚɫɬɚɜɤɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɭɬɛɭɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɞɥɹ
ɫɦɚɪɬɮɨɧɨɜ. ɋɥɟɞɭɹ ɡɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɟɥɭ, ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ
ɦɭɠɱɢɧ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɟɫɫɨɦ, ɩɪɢɰɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɶ ɛɢɰɟɩɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɤ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɨɥɨɝɭ.
Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɤɚ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɬɪɨɧɭɥɨ, ɯɨɬɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɥɚɫɬɨɱɤɢ ɭɠɟ ɜɢɞɧɵ. ȼ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɟ ɠɟ
ɧɚɪɰɢɫɫɢɡɦ ɭ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ. Ɂɚ 15 ɥɟɬ
ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɭ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɚ ɜɵɪɨɫɥɨ ɧɚ 88%.
(http://www.logozavr.ru/1917/)
Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ
1. ȿɫɬɶ ɧɟɦɚɥɨ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɠɢɪɟɧɢɢ ɜɢɧɨɜɚɬɵ ɫɚɦɢ ɬɨɥɫɬɵɟ
ɥɸɞɢ. ɑɚɫɬɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɡɢɪɚɸɬ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹ ɜ ɢɯ ɨɠɢɪɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɜ
ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɨɟɫɬɶ. Ʉɚɤɚɜɨ ȼɚɲɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ?
2. Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɠɢɡɧɢ
ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ʉɚɤ ȼɵ ɞɭɦɚɟɬɟ, ɷɬɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɧɭɠɞ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢɥɢ
ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɵ, ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ «ɤɭɥɶɬɚ ɬɟɥɚ»?
3. Ɉɫɨɛɵɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ «ɤɭɥɶɬɚ ɬɟɥɚ» ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢɡɦ (ɛɨɞɢɛɢɥɞɢɧɝ). Ʉɚɤ ȼɵ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ?
4. Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɤɪɚɣɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ, ɧɚɜɟɪɧɨɟ, ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɧɝɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɯɭɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ
ɚɧɨɪɟɤɫɢɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɛɭɥɢɦɢɟɣ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɦ, ɢɞɟɚɥɨɦ
ɞɥɹ ɞɟɜɭɲɟɤ, ɠɚɠɞɭɳɢɯ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɟ ɫɭɩɟɪɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ɑɬɨ ȼɵ
ɞɭɦɚɟɬɟ ɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ?
5. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜɟɱɧɨɣ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ, ɜɟɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɥɧɭɸɬ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɤɨɧ ɜɟɤɨɜ.
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɥɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɬɶɫɹ «ɦɨɥɨɞɵɦ» ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ
ɪɨɞɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɦ. ȼɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɹ
ɦɨɥɨɞɨɫɬɶ?
6. ɉɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ – ɩɨɩɵɬɤɨɣ «ɭɤɪɚɫɢɬɶ»
ɫɚɦɢɯ ɫɟɛɹ, ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɩɪ. ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɟ ɥɢ ȼɵ
ɬɚɤɨɟ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ?
150
25. ɑȿɊɌɕ ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊȺ
ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɵɣ
ɛɟɫɫɬɪɚɲɧɵɣ
ɛɨɹɡɥɢɜɵɣ
ɜɚɠɧɵɣ
ɜɟɠɥɢɜɵɣ
ɜɟɪɧɵɣ
ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɵɣ
ɜɪɟɞɧɵɣ
ɝɨɪɞɵɣ
ɝɪɭɫɬɧɵɣ
ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ
ɞɟɪɡɤɢɣ
ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɞɨɛɪɨɞɭɲɧɵɣ
ɞɨɛɪɨɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɞɨɛɪɨɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɣ
ɞɨɛɪɵɣ
ɠɚɞɧɵɣ
ɠɟɫɬɨɤɢɣ
ɠɢɡɧɟɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɵɣ
ɡɚɛɨɬɥɢɜɵɣ
ɡɚɜɢɫɬɥɢɜɵɣ
ɡɚɝɚɞɨɱɧɵɣ
ɡɚɞɭɦɱɢɜɵɣ
ɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ
ɡɚɫɬɟɧɱɢɜɵɣ
ɡɥɨɣ
ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɢɜɧɵɣ
ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɬɧɵɣ
ɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɢɣ
ɢɫɬɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɤɪɚɫɢɜɵɣ
ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɤɪɟɩɤɢɣ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ
ɥɚɫɤɨɜɵɣ
ɥɨɜɤɢɣ
ɥɸɛɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɥɸɛɨɩɵɬɧɵɣ
ɦɟɥɨɱɧɵɣ
ɦɢɪɧɵɣ
ɦɪɚɱɧɵɣ
ɦɭɞɪɵɣ
ɧɚɞɺɠɧɵɣ
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ɧɚɞɦɟɧɧɵɣ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɨɛɚɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɨɛɳɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɨɩɚɫɧɵɣ
ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɵɣ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ
ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɣ
ɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɩɥɨɯɨɣ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɪɚɜɧɨɞɭɲɧɵɣ
ɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɵɣ
ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɱɢɜɵɣ
ɪɟɜɧɢɜɵɣ
ɪɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɪɨɛɤɢɣ
ɫɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɵɣ
ɫɚɦɨɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɣ
ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɣ
ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ
ɫɤɪɨɦɧɵɣ
ɫɥɚɛɨɜɨɥɶɧɵɣ
ɫɥɚɛɵɣ
ɫɦɟɲɧɨɣ
ɫɨɜɟɬɫɥɢɜɵɣ
ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɫɬɟɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɣ
ɫɭɪɨɜɵɣ
ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɵɣ
ɬɟɪɩɟɥɢɜɵɣ
ɬɢɯɢɣ
ɬɨɱɧɵɣ
ɬɪɟɜɨɠɧɵɣ
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ɬɳɟɫɥɚɜɧɵɣ
ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɣ
ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɭɠɚɫɧɵɣ
ɭɦɧɵɣ
ɭɩɪɹɦɵɣ
ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɣ
ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɣ
ɯɢɬɪɵɣ
ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ
152
ɰɟɥɟɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɧɵɣ
ɰɢɧɢɱɧɵɣ
ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɱɭɞɧɵɣ
ɹɞɨɜɢɬɵɣ
153
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ. ȿɦɭ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɚɝɚ. Ɉɧ
ɫɟɧɬɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɟɧ ɢ ɧɚɢɜɟɧ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟɧ. Ɇɭɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɶ ɜɨɥɧɭɸɬ ɟɝɨ.
Ʌɟɜ (23.7. – 23.8.) ɥɸɛɢɬ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ. Ʌɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬ ɟɝɨ,
ɧɨ ɨɧ ɢ ɫɚɦ ɭɦɟɟɬ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɢɦɟɧɬɵ. Ⱦɨɛɪɵɣ, ɜɟɥɢɤɨɞɭɲɧɵɣ, ɳɟɞɪɵɣ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ. Ɉɬɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɯɨɡɹɢɧ ɞɨɦɚ. Ɋɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ, ɫɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ, ɨɧ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ.
Ⱦɟɜɚ (24.8. – 23.9.) ɹɫɧɨ ɞɭɦɚɟɬ ɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ, ɩɪɟɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. Ɉɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɚ,
ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɱɟɫɬɧɚ. ȿɺ ɭɦ ɩɟɞɚɧɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɡɨɪɥɢɜɵɣ, ɨɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɨɜɚɬɶ
ɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɨɜ. Ɍɹɝɨɬɟɟɬ ɤ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɱɢɫɬɨɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ,
ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɤɚɦ. Ⱦɟɜɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ.
ȼɟɫɵ (24.9. – 23.10.) – ɡɧɚɤ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɭɦɟɸɬ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ ɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ,
ɨɱɚɪɨɜɵɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɬɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨ ɥɸɛɹɬ. Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɵ, ɞɨɥɝɨ ɨɛɞɭɦɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ, ɦɹɝɤɢ
ɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ. ɋɤɥɨɧɧɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɢɪɹɬɶ ɜɪɚɝɨɜ, ɚɪɢɫɬɨɤɪɚɬɵ ɜ ɞɭɲɟ,
ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɤ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɭ, ɥɸɛɹɬ ɤɧɢɝɢ. Ɋɨɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɵ, ɷɥɟɝɚɧɬɧɵ, ɩɪɟɜɨɡɧɨɫɹɬ
ɤɪɚɫɨɬɭ.
Ʉɨɡɟɪɨɝ (22.12. – 20.1.) – ɡɧɚɤ ɭɩɨɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɢ. ȿɦɭ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ,
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɭɫɩɟɯɭ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɤɭɥɢɫ,
ɫɤɪɵɬɧɵ, ɨɛɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɚɦɧɢ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ. ȼɫɟɝɨ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ, ɫɤɥɨɧɧɵ
ɤ ɩɟɫɫɢɦɢɡɦɭ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ. ɇɚ ɧɢɯ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ.
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ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɡɦɨɦ. ɗɬɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɢɤ ɢ
ɛɭɧɬɚɪɶ.
(http://asoment.at.ua/news/kratkaja_kharakteristika_kazhdogo_iz_dvenadcati_znakov_zodiak
a/2012-07-04-20)
POZOR!
dôležitý – ɜɚɠɧɵɣ rýchly - ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ
vážny – ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɵɣ bystrý – ɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
snaživý - ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ tvrdohlavý - ɭɩɪɹɦɵɣ
starostlivý – ɡɚɛɨɬɥɢɜɵɣ úprimný – ɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɢɣ
kĐudný, pokojný - ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɵɣ prešibaný - ɯɢɬɪɵɣ
spokojný – ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɵɣ rozumný – ɭɦɧɵɣ
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ:
Ɂɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ!
155
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɬɚɤ/ɬɚɤɨɣ, ɤɚɤ/ɤɚɤɨɣ.
1) Ⱥɧɧɚ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɧɚ - ……. ɡɚɛɨɬɥɢɜɚɹ ɦɚɬɶ. 2) ȼɚɲ ɩɥɚɧ …. ɬɨɱɟɧ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨ
ɧɟɦɭ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ. ȿɥɟɧɚ ɉɟɬɪɨɜɧɚ - ….. ɞɨɛɪɚɹ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ. 4) Ɉɧ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɵɥ …. ɧɚɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦ? 5) …. ɨɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɣɧɚɹ! 6) ….. ɨɧ ɭɦɟɧ! 7) ȼɚɲɢ
ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ …. ɜɚɠɧɵ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɩɪɢɞɺɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ. 8) Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ …..
ɥɸɛɟɡɧɵ, ɩɨɦɨɝɢɬɟ ɦɧɟ. 9) ….. ɤɪɚɫɢɜɚɹ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɚ! 10) ɗɬɚ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɛɵɥɚ …..
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɹ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɥɚ ɟɺ ɡɚ ɧɨɱɶ. 11) ɗɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɛɵɥɚ …. ɫɥɨɠɧɚ, ɱɬɨ
ɧɢɤɬɨ ɟɺ ɧɟ ɪɟɲɢɥ.
1) ɗɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ, ɚ ɬɨɬ ….. . 2) ɗɬɚ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɚɹ, ɚ ɬɚ …. . 3) ɗɬɚ ɤɚɪɬɚ
ɬɨɱɧɚɹ, ɚ ɬɚ ….. . 4) ɗɬɨɬ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ, ɚ ɬɨɬ …. . 5) ɗɬɨ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ, ɚ ɬɨ
…. . 6) ɗɬɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɚɹ, ɚ ɬɚ …. . 7) Ɇɨɣ ɜɧɭɤ ɩɨɫɥɭɲɧɵɣ, ɚ ɟɝɨ ɜɧɭɤ
…. . 8) ɗɬɚ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɚ ɨɬɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɚɹ, ɚ ɬɚ …. . 9) Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɟ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɨɟ ….. . 10) Ɇɚɲɚ ɩɨɫɥɭɲɧɚɹ, ɚ Ƚɚɥɹ …. .
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ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
Ɂɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ –
ȼɟɪɧɵɣ –
ɑɟɫɬɧɵɣ –
ɍɩɪɹɦɵɣ –
ɍɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɣ –
ȼɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɵɣ –
Ȼɟɫɤɨɪɵɫɬɧɵɣ –
Ɇɟɱɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ –
Ⱥɧɬɨɧ ɑɟɯɨɜ
ɌɈɅɋɌɕɃ ɂ ɌɈɇɄɂɃ
157
— ɉɨɪɮɢɪɢɣ! — ɜɨɫɤɥɢɤɧɭɥ ɬɨɥɫɬɵɣ, ɭɜɢɞɟɜ ɬɨɧɤɨɝɨ.— Ɍɵ ɥɢ ɷɬɨ? Ƚɨɥɭɛɱɢɤ ɦɨɣ!
ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɢɦ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ!
— Ȼɚɬɸɲɤɢ! — ɢɡɭɦɢɥɫɹ36 ɬɨɧɤɢɣ.— Ɇɢɲɚ! Ⱦɪɭɝ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɚ! Ɉɬɤɭɞɚ ɬɵ ɜɡɹɥɫɹ?
ɉɪɢɹɬɟɥɢ ɬɪɨɟɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɨɛɥɨɛɵɡɚɥɢɫɶ37 ɢ ɭɫɬɪɟɦɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɝɥɚɡɚ, ɩɨɥɧɵɟ ɫɥɺɡ.
Ɉɛɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ ɨɲɟɥɨɦɥɟɧɵ38.
— Ɇɢɥɵɣ ɦɨɣ! — ɧɚɱɚɥ ɬɨɧɤɢɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɥɨɛɵɡɚɧɢɹ.— ȼɨɬ ɧɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɥ! ȼɨɬ ɫɸɪɩɪɢɡ! ɇɭ,
ɞɚ ɩɨɝɥɹɞɢ ɠɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɧɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɧɶɤɨ! Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɤɪɚɫɚɜɟɰ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɛɵɥ! Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɞɭɲɨɧɨɤ ɢ
ɳɺɝɨɥɶ39! Ⱥɯ ɬɵ, ɝɨɫɩɨɞɢ! ɇɭ, ɱɬɨ ɠɟ ɬɵ? Ȼɨɝɚɬ? ɀɟɧɚɬ? ə ɭɠɟ ɠɟɧɚɬ, ɤɚɤ ɜɢɞɢɲɶ...
ɗɬɨ ɜɨɬ ɦɨɹ ɠɟɧɚ, Ʌɭɢɡɚ, ɭɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɚɹ ȼɚɧɰɟɧɛɚɯ... ɥɸɬɟɪɚɧɤɚ... Ⱥ ɷɬɨ ɫɵɧ ɦɨɣ,
ɇɚɮɚɧɚɢɥ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤ III ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. ɗɬɨ, ɇɚɮɚɧɹ, ɞɪɭɝ ɦɨɟɝɨ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɚ! ȼ ɝɢɦɧɚɡɢɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ
ɭɱɢɥɢɫɶ!
ɇɚɮɚɧɚɢɥ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɭɦɚɥ ɢ ɫɧɹɥ ɲɚɩɤɭ.
— ȼ ɝɢɦɧɚɡɢɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɭɱɢɥɢɫɶ! — ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥ ɬɨɧɤɢɣ.— ɉɨɦɧɢɲɶ, ɤɚɤ ɬɟɛɹ
ɞɪɚɡɧɢɥɢ40? Ɍɟɛɹ ɞɪɚɡɧɢɥɢ Ƚɟɪɨɫɬɪɚɬɨɦ ɡɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɵ ɤɚɡɺɧɧɭɸ41 ɤɧɢɠɤɭ ɩɚɩɢɪɨɫɤɨɣ
ɩɪɨɠɺɝ, ɚ ɦɟɧɹ ɗɮɢɚɥɶɬɨɦ ɡɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɹ ɹɛɟɞɧɢɱɚɬɶ42 ɥɸɛɢɥ. ɏɨ-ɯɨ... Ⱦɟɬɶɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ! ɇɟ
ɛɨɣɫɹ, ɇɚɮɚɧɹ! ɉɨɞɨɣɞɢ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɩɨɛɥɢɠɟ... Ⱥ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɹ ɠɟɧɚ, ɭɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɚɹ ȼɚɧɰɟɧɛɚɯ...
ɥɸɬɟɪɚɧɤɚ.
ɇɚɮɚɧɚɢɥ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɭɦɚɥ ɢ ɫɩɪɹɬɚɥɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɩɢɧɭ ɨɬɰɚ.
— ɇɭ, ɤɚɤ ɠɢɜɟɲɶ, ɞɪɭɝ? — ɫɩɪɨɫɢɥ ɬɨɥɫɬɵɣ, ɜɨɫɬɨɪɠɟɧɧɨ43 ɝɥɹɞɹ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɚ.—
ɋɥɭɠɢɲɶ ɝɞɟ? Ⱦɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɫɹ?
— ɋɥɭɠɭ, ɦɢɥɵɣ ɦɨɣ! Ʉɨɥɥɟɠɫɤɢɦ ɚɫɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ44 ɭɠɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɝɨɞ ɢ ɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɚ ɢɦɟɸ.
ɀɚɥɨɜɚɧɶɟ45 ɩɥɨɯɨɟ... ɧɭ, ɞɚ ɛɨɝ ɫ ɧɢɦ! ɀɟɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ ɞɚɟɬ, ɹ ɩɨɪɬɫɢɝɚɪɵ46
ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɨ ɢɡ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɞɟɥɚɸ. Ɉɬɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɬɫɢɝɚɪɵ! ɉɨ ɪɭɛɥɸ ɡɚ ɲɬɭɤɭ ɩɪɨɞɚɸ. ȿɫɥɢ ɤɬɨ
ɛɟɪɺɬ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɲɬɭɤ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɬɨɦɭ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɲɶ, ɭɫɬɭɩɤɚ47. ɉɪɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɦɫɹ ɤɨɟ-ɤɚɤ48.
ɋɥɭɠɢɥ, ɡɧɚɟɲɶ, ɜ ɞɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɟ, ɚ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɫɸɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɺɧ ɫɬɨɥɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ49 ɩɨ ɬɨɦɭ
ɠɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɭ50... Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɛɭɞɭ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ. ɇɭ, ɚ ɬɵ ɤɚɤ? ɇɟɛɨɫɶ, ɭɠɟ ɫɬɚɬɫɤɢɣ51? Ⱥ?
— ɇɟɬ, ɦɢɥɵɣ ɦɨɣ, ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɣ ɩɨɜɵɲɟ,— ɫɤɚɡɚɥ ɬɨɥɫɬɵɣ.— ə ɭɠɟ ɞɨ ɬɚɣɧɨɝɨ52
ɞɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɫɹ... Ⱦɜɟ ɡɜɟɡɞɵ ɢɦɟɸ.
Ɍɨɧɤɢɣ ɜɞɪɭɝ ɩɨɛɥɟɞɧɟɥ, ɨɤɚɦɟɧɟɥ, ɧɨ ɫɤɨɪɨ ɥɢɰɨ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɤɪɢɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɲɢɪɨɱɚɣɲɟɣ ɭɥɵɛɤɨɣ; ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬ ɥɢɰɚ ɢ ɝɥɚɡ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɵɩɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɫɤɪɵ. ɋɚɦ ɨɧ
ɫɴɟɠɢɥɫɹ, ɫɝɨɪɛɢɥɫɹ, ɫɭɡɢɥɫɹ... ȿɝɨ ɱɟɦɨɞɚɧɵ, ɭɡɥɵ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɧɤɢ ɫɴɺɠɢɥɢɫɶ,
ɩɨɦɨɪɳɢɥɢɫɶ... Ⱦɥɢɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɨɞɨɤ ɠɟɧɵ ɫɬɚɥ ɟɳɟ ɞɥɢɧɧɟɟ; ɇɚɮɚɧɚɢɥ ɜɵɬɹɧɭɥɫɹ ɜɨ
ɮɪɭɧɬ53 ɢ ɡɚɫɬɟɝɧɭɥ ɜɫɟ ɩɭɝɨɜɤɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɦɭɧɞɢɪɚ54...
36
prekvapiĢ sa
37
pobozkaĢ sa
38
dojatí
39
fešák, štramák
40
doberaĢ si niekoho
41
zapožiþaná z nejakej organizácie
42
klebetiĢ
43
nadšene
44
štátna služba, zväþša radca, alebo sekretár
45
plat
46
tabatierka
47
zĐava
48
pretĎkame sa
49
vedúci úradník najnižších štátnych úradov
50
typ úradu
51
štátna služba, zvyþajne riaditeĐ úradu, vicegubernátor
52
štátna služba zodpovedajúca hodnosti generál poruþíka, alebo viceadmirála
53
staĢ do pozoru
54
uniforma
158
— ə, ɜɚɲɟ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ... Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ-ɫ! Ⱦɪɭɝ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɞɟɬɫɬɜɚ ɢ
ɜɞɪɭɝ ɜɵɲɥɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɜɟɥɶɦɨɠɢ-ɫ! ɏɢ-ɯɢ-ɫ.
— ɇɭ, ɩɨɥɧɨ! — ɩɨɦɨɪɳɢɥɫɹ ɬɨɥɫɬɵɣ.— Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɬɨɧ? Ɇɵ ɫ ɬɨɛɨɣ ɞɪɭɡɶɹ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɚ
— ɢ ɤ ɱɟɦɭ ɬɭɬ ɷɬɨ ɱɢɧɨɩɨɱɢɬɚɧɢɟ55!
— ɉɨɦɢɥɭɣɬɟ... ɑɬɨ ɜɵ-ɫ...— ɡɚɯɢɯɢɤɚɥ ɬɨɧɤɢɣ, ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɴɺɠɢɜɚɹɫɶ.— Ɇɢɥɨɫɬɢɜɨɟ
ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɜɚɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ... ɜɪɨɞɟ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɠɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɝɢ56... ɗɬɨ ɜɨɬ,
ɜɚɲɟ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɫɵɧ ɦɨɣ ɇɚɮɚɧɚɢɥ... ɠɟɧɚ Ʌɭɢɡɚ, ɥɸɬɟɪɚɧɤɚ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ...
Ɍɨɥɫɬɵɣ ɯɨɬɟɥ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɡɢɬɶ57 ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ, ɧɨ ɧɚ ɥɢɰɟ ɭ ɬɨɧɤɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɛɥɚɝɨɝɨɜɟɧɢɹ58, ɫɥɚɞɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɧɢɤɚ ɫɬɨɲɧɢɥɨ.
Ɉɧ ɨɬɜɟɪɧɭɥɫɹ ɨɬ ɬɨɧɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɥ ɟɦɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɳɚɧɶɟ ɪɭɤɭ.
Ɍɨɧɤɢɣ ɩɨɠɚɥ ɬɪɢ ɩɚɥɶɰɚ, ɩɨɤɥɨɧɢɥɫɹ ɜɫɟɦ ɬɭɥɨɜɢɳɟɦ59 ɢ ɡɚɯɢɯɢɤɚɥ, ɤɚɤ ɤɢɬɚɟɰ: «ɯɢ-
ɯɢ-ɯɢ». ɀɟɧɚ ɭɥɵɛɧɭɥɚɫɶ. ɇɚɮɚɧɚɢɥ ɲɚɪɤɧɭɥ ɧɨɝɨɣ ɢ ɭɪɨɧɢɥ ɮɭɪɚɠɤɭ60. ȼɫɟ ɬɪɨɟ
ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ ɨɲɟɥɨɦɥɟɧɵ.61
Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ
Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚɯ. Ʉɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɹɬ? Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɱɟɪɬɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ? ȼɵ ɭɡɧɚɥɢ ɷɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ?
55
poklonkovanie pred spoloþensky vyššie postavenou osobou
56
životodarná vlaha
57
namietaĢ, odporovaĢ
58
hlboká úcta
59
trup
60
šiltovka
61
dojatí
159
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɁȺȾȺɇɂə
160
ɍɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ.
ɫɚɦɵɣ ɱɭɞɟɫɧɵɣ, ɧɚɢɦɟɧɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ, ɫɚɦɵɣ ɦɟɥɤɢɣ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɟɩɤɢɣ,
ɦɟɧɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɣ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɣ, ɫɚɦɵɣ ɥɭɱɟɡɚɪɧɵɣ.
ɢɫɤɭɫɧɵɣ
ɝɪɭɫɬɧɵɣ
ɭɠɚɫɧɵɣ
ɱɟɫɬɧɵɣ
ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɵɣ
ɬɨɧɤɢɣ
ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɣ
ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɵɣ
ɭɞɨɛɧɵɣ
ɬɟɪɩɟɥɢɜɵɣ
161
5) ɇɟɬ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ____________ (horšie), ɨɫɤɨɪɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɟ … ɩɨɲɥɨɫɬɢ (ɑɟɯɨɜ).
6) ȼ ɛɨɸ ɛɶɺɬ, ɤɬɨ _______________ (tvrdohlavejší) ɢ ____________ (smelší), ɚ ɧɟ ɤɬɨ
____________ (silnejší) (nɨɫɥ.).
7) ȼɪɚɝ ɯɢɬɺɪ, ɧɨ ɦɵ _____________ (šikovnejší), ɜɪɚɝ ɫɢɥɟɧ, ɧɨ ɦɵ _____________
(silnejší) nɨɫɥ.).
162
26. ɈȾȿɀȾȺ
ɦɭɠɫɤɚɹ
ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ
ɞɟɬɫɤɚɹ
ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɵɲɟɣ
ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɚɹ
ɞɨɦɚɲɧɹɹ
ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ
ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɚɹ
ɷɥɟɝɚɧɬɧɚɹ
ɩɨɧɨɲɟɧɧɚɹ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɚɹ
ɫɬɢɥɶɧɚɹ
ɲɢɤɚɪɧɚɹ
ɭɞɨɛɧɚɹ
ɞɟɲɺɜɚɹ
ɞɨɪɨɝɚɹ
ɷɤɫɤɥɸɡɢɜɧɚɹ
Ʉɚɤ ɨɞɟɜɚɟɦɫɹ
- ɦɨɞɧɨ
- ɫɬɢɥɶɧɨ
- ɲɢɤɚɪɧɨ
- ɫɨ ɜɤɭɫɨɦ
- ɛɟɡ ɜɤɭɫɚ
- ɞɺɲɟɜɨ
- ɞɨɪɨɝɨ
- ɩɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɦɨɞɟ
- ɭɞɨɛɧɨ
- ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ
- ɷɥɟɝɚɧɬɧɨ
- ɷɤɫɤɥɸɡɢɜɧɨ
ɋɥɨɜɚ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ
ɛɚɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɥɚɬ
ɛɥɭɡɚ
ɛɥɭɡɚ ɫ ɤɚɩɸɲɨɧɨɦ
ɛɥɭɡɤɚ
ɛɪɸɤɢ
ɛɪɸɤɢ ɫ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɚɥɢɟɣ
ɜɨɞɨɥɚɡɤɚ
ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɥɚɬɶɟ
ɝɨɥɶɮɵ
ɞɠɢɧɫɵ
ɞɥɢɧɧɚɹ ɸɛɤɚ
163
ɞɨɠɞɟɜɢɤ
ɞɭɛɥɺɧɤɚ
ɠɚɤɟɬ
ɠɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɫɬɸɦ
ɠɢɥɟɬɤɚ
ɡɢɦɧɹɹ ɤɭɪɬɤɚ
ɤɨɠɚɧɚɹ ɤɭɪɬɤɚ
ɤɨɠɚɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɳ
ɤɨɥɝɨɬɤɢ
ɤɨɦɛɢɧɟɡɨɧ
ɤɨɪɨɬɤɚɹ ɸɛɤɚ
ɤɭɪɬɤɚ
ɦɚɣɤɚ
ɦɢɧɢ-ɸɛɤɚ
ɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɫɬɸɦ
ɧɟɩɪɨɦɨɤɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɥɚɳ
ɩɢɞɠɚɤ
ɩɥɚɬɶɟ
ɩɥɚɬɶɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɥɚɳ
ɩɭɥɨɜɟɪ
ɪɭɛɚɲɤɚ
ɪɭɛɚɲɤɚ ɫ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɦ, ɫ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦ ɪɭɤɚɜɨɦ
ɫɜɢɬɟɪ
ɫɦɨɤɢɧɝ
ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɫɬɸɦ
ɬɨɩ
ɮɭɬɛɨɥɤɚ
ɱɭɥɤɢ
ɲɨɪɬɵ
ɲɭɛɚ
ɸɛɤɚ
Ȼɟɥɶɺ
ɛɨɞɢ
ɛɨɤɫɟɪɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɭɫɵ
ɛɸɫɬɝɚɥɶɬɟɪ
ɤɭɩɚɥɶɧɢɤ – ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ, ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣ
ɦɚɣɤɚ
ɧɨɫɤɢ
ɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɲɤɚ
ɩɢɠɚɦɚ
ɩɥɚɜɤɢ
ɫɥɢɩɵ
ɫɬɪɢɧɝɢ
ɬɪɭɫɵ
Ɍɤɚɧɢ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
ɚɧɝɨɪɚ
164
ɚɬɥɚɫ
ɛɚɪɯɚɬ
ɜɟɥɶɜɟɬ
ɜɟɥɸɪ
ɜɢɫɤɨɡɚ
ɜɨɣɥɨɤ
ɞɠɢɧɫɚ
ɡɚɦɲɚ
ɤɨɠɚ
ɤɪɭɠɟɜɨ
ɥɚɣɤɪɚ
ɥɺɧ
ɦɚɯɪɨɜɚɹ ɬɤɚɧɶ
ɦɨɯɟɪ
ɧɟɣɥɨɧ
ɩɨɞɤɥɚɞɤɚ
ɩɨɥɨɬɧɨ
ɮɥɚɧɟɥɶ
ɮɥɢɫ
ɯɥɨɩɨɤ
ɳɺɥɤ
ɲɟɪɫɬɶ
ɲɢɮɨɧ
Ɋɢɫɭɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɬɤɚɧɢ
ɜ ɝɨɪɨɲɟɤ
ɜ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɤɭ
ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɭ
ɜ ɰɜɟɬɨɱɟɤ
ɝɥɚɞɤɢɣ
ɭɡɨɪɱɚɬɵɣ
ɛɟɣɫɛɨɥɤɚ
ɛɟɪɟɬ
ɜɚɪɟɠɤɢ
ɜɟɟɪ
ɝɚɥɫɬɭɤ
ɞɨɪɨɠɧɚɹ ɫɭɦɤɚ
ɡɨɧɬ
ɤɨɲɟɥɺɤ
ɥɵɠɧɚɹ ɲɚɩɤɚ
ɦɟɲɨɤ
ɧɚɭɲɧɢɤɢ
ɩɚɩɤɚ
ɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɢ
ɩɥɚɬɨɤ
ɩɨɜɹɡɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɥɨɫ
165
ɩɨɞɬɹɠɤɢ
ɪɟɦɟɧɶ
ɪɭɤɚɜɢɰɵ
ɪɸɤɡɚɤ
ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɡɨɧɬɢɤ
ɫɭɦɤɚ
ɫɭɦɨɱɤɚ
ɲɚɩɤɚ
ɲɚɪɮ
ɲɥɹɩɚ
ɨɛɨɞɨɤ
Ɉɛɭɜɶ
ɛɨɫɨɧɨɠɤɢ
ɜɶɟɬɧɚɦɤɢ
ɞɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɛɨɬɢɧɨɱɤɢ
ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɟ ɬɭɮɥɢ
ɠɟɧɫɤɢɟ ɫɚɩɨɠɤɢ
ɡɢɦɧɹɹ ɨɛɭɜɶ
ɤɚɥɨɲɢ
ɤɟɞɵ
ɤɪɨɫɫɨɜɤɢ
ɥɟɬɧɹɹ ɨɛɭɜɶ
ɦɨɤɚɫɢɧɵ
ɩɨɥɭɛɨɬɢɧɤɢ
ɫɚɧɞɚɥɢɢ
ɫɚɩɨɝɢ
ɬɚɩɤɢ
ɬɭɮɥɢ – ɛɟɡ ɤɚɛɥɭɤɚ, ɧɚ ɤɚɛɥɭɤɟ, ɧɚ ɲɩɢɥɶɤɚɯ
ɲɥɟɩɚɧɰɵ
Ƚɚɥɚɧɬɟɪɟɹ
ɛɭɥɚɜɤɚ
ɢɝɨɥɤɚ
ɤɪɸɱɨɤ
ɥɟɧɬɚ
ɦɨɥɧɢɹ
ɧɢɬɤɢ
ɧɨɠɧɢɰɵ
ɩɪɹɠɚ
ɩɭɝɨɜɢɰɚ
ɪɟɡɢɧɤɚ
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ɫɩɢɰɵ – ɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɰɚɯ
ɬɟɫɶɦɚ
ɲɩɢɥɶɤɢ
1) ə ɬɟɛɹ ɠɞɭ. Ɍɵ ɭɠɟ.......? 2) Ɉɧɚ ..... ɥɟɬɧɟɟ ɩɥɚɬɶɟ ɢ ɛɟɥɵɟ ɬɭɮɥɢ. 3) ɇɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɣɫɹ,
ɦɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɬɟɛɹ ..... 4) Ʌɭɱɲɟ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ..... ɩɚɥɶɬɨ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɛɨɬɢɧɤɢ. 5) ȼɨɬ
ɝɚɪɞɟɪɨɛ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ..... 6) ɗɬɚ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɷɥɟɝɚɧɬɧɨ. Ɉɧɚ
.... ɫɨ ɜɤɭɫɨɦ.
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ɄȺɄ ɈȾȿȼȺȿɌɋə ɆɈɋɄȼȺ
Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ: ɗɬɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɦɚɪɤɢ ɨɬ ɤɭɬɸɪ. Ɏɚɦɢɥɢɢ ɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɯɭ. ȼɢɜɶɟɧ Ʌɢ, Ʉɚɪɞɟɧ,
ȼɟɪɫɚɱɟ, ɉɪɚɞɚ, Ⱥɪɦɚɧɢ, Ʉɚɜɚɥɥɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ., ɜɫɟɯ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɲɶ. ɍ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɚɪɨɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɤɚɤ ɨɞɟɠɞɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ «ɩɪɟɬ-ɚ- ɩɨɪɬɟ», ɬɚɤ ɢ ɷɤɫɤɥɸɡɢɜɧɚɹ ɨɞɟɠɞɚ, ɩɨ ɰɟɧɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɚɹ ɫ
ɰɟɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɢ.
ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ: Ɋɚɣɫɤɢɟ ɩɬɢɰɵ. ɍɞɟɥ ɡɜɟɡɞ ɢ ɫɬɨɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɭɫɨɜɳɢɤɨɜ. Ɍɨ, ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɟ
ɨɝɥɹɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɤɪɭɬɹɬ ɭ ɜɢɫɤɚ, ɥɢɛɨ ɭɞɢɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ. ɗɬɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɢɥɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ, ɢɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɚɡ ɭ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɨɜ.
Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɚɯ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɲɶ ɧɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ. ɂ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɚɦɨɛɵɬɧɵ,
ɫɦɟɥɵ ɢ ɧɟ ɛɨɹɬɫɹ ɱɭɠɨɝɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ!
Ʉɚɤ, ɝɞɟ ɢ ɜɨ ɱɬɨ ɨɞɟɜɚɬɶɫɹ,- ɜɵɛɨɪ ɡɚ ɜɚɦɢ! ɇɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɣɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɲɚ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ
ɫɟɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɚ. ɂ ɨɞɟɠɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɟ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨɟ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ.
(http://www.moscow-faq.ru/articles/wayoflive/2007/December/1705)
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Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
Bol typický, pochmúrny, jesenný deĖ. Od rána pršalo a cesty aj chodníky boli plné vody.
Larisa Nikolajevna sa chystala do práce ako každé ráno. Vyzrela von z okna a vedela, že len
v blúzke a skukni, ako vþera, do práce nepôjde. Otvorila skriĖu a zaþala hĐadaĢ svoj jesenný
kabátik. Tento rok ho ešte nemala obleþený. Bol ukrytý za svetrami a nohavicami, kostýmom
a blúzkami. Potom pohĐadala dlhé tmavé nohavice a v malej skrinke na obuv nízke þižmiþky.
Obliekla si svoju obĐúbenú hnedú blúzku, ktorú dostala do daru od manžela, cez Ėu si
prehodila þiernu vestiþku a nakoniec kabátik. Z vešiaka zobrala dáždnik a vyšla von. Bolo
však chladnejšie ako predpokladala. Rýchlo sa vrátila a pod nohavice si natiahla panþuchy.
Namiesto blúzky a vesty si obliekla pulúver a saþko.
1. _______ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɨɞɭ ɪɨɫɫɢɹɧɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ______ ɜɟɫɭ
_____ 2 ɪɚɡɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ _______ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ _____ 2010 ɝɨɞɨɦ.
2. ______40 ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧ _____ ɪɨɫɫɢɹɧ ɧɟ ɯɜɚɬɚɟɬ ɞɟɧɟɝ ____ ɩɨɤɭɩɤɢ.
3. ____ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɪɨɠɢɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ _____
ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɬɪɟɬɶ ɪɨɫɫɢɹɧ.
4. Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɟ, ɧɟ ɞɨɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ____ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, _____ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ ɬɪɚɬɹɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ
ɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɨɣ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ.
5. Ɇɟɧɶɲɟ ɬɪɟɬɢ _____ ɪɨɫɫɢɹɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɲɚɧɫ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɶɫɹ _____ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ.
6. ____ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɪɟɬɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɦɨɥɨɞɵɟ ɥɸɞɢ ____ 35 ɥɟɬ.
7. ____ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɚɹ ɨɞɟɠɞɚ, ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ
ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɚɹ ɨɞɟɠɞɚ – ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 50 ____ 50.
8. ____ ɫɬɢɥɸ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɚ.
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ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɦ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɜɵɭɱɢɬɟ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ.
Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɫɬɸɦ ɫɬɚɥ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɺɧ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɉɺɬɪ I ɜ 1699
ɝɨɞɭ ɡɚɩɪɟɬɢɥ ɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɫɬɸɦɚ ɜɫɟɦɢ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧ, ɦɨɧɚɯɨɜ,
ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɶɹɱɤɨɜ. ȼɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜɟɧɝɟɪɫɤɨɟ ɩɥɚɬɶɟ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɜɟɪɯɧɟ-
ɫɚɤɫɨɧɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɟ, ɤɚɦɡɨɥ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɟ ɛɟɥɶɺ — ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɟ. ɀɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɥɢ ɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɟ ɩɥɚɬɶɟ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɫɬɸɦɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɞɥɢɧɧɚɹ ɪɭɛɚɯɚ. Ɋɭɛɚɯɭ ɭɤɪɚɲɚɥɢ ɨɬɨɪɨɱɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ
ɜɵɲɢɜɤɨɣ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɫɲɢɜɚɥɢ ɠɟɦɱɭɝɨɦ. Ɂɧɚɬɧɵɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɟ ɪɭɛɚɯɢ —
ɝɨɪɧɢɱɧɵɟ. Ƚɨɪɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɭɛɚɯɢ ɲɢɥɢ ɢɡ ɹɪɤɨɣ ɲɺɥɤɨɜɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ.
ɗɬɢ ɪɭɛɚɯɢ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɟ ɭɡɤɢɟ ɪɭɤɚɜɚ ɫ ɩɪɨɪɟɡɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɭɤ ɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ
ɞɨɥɝɨɪɭɤɚɜɧɵɦɢ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɪɭɤɚɜɨɜ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 8 — 10 ɥɨɤɬɟɣ62. ɂɯ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɜ
ɫɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɭɤɚɯ. Ɋɭɛɚɯɢ ɩɨɞɩɨɹɫɵɜɚɥɢ. ɇɨɫɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɞɨɦɚ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɝɨɫɬɹɯ.
62
ȿɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ – ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ 54 ɫɦ.
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɪɨɱɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɪɭɛɚɯɚ. ɍ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ
ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɦɭɠɫɤɢɯ ɪɭɛɚɯ (XVI — XVII ɜɟɤɨɜ) ɩɨɞ ɦɵɲɤɚɦɢ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɥɚɫɬɨɜɢɰɵ, ɩɨ
ɛɨɤɚɦ ɨɬ ɩɨɹɫɚ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɥɢɧɶɹ. Ɋɭɛɚɯɢ ɲɢɥɢ ɢɡ ɥɶɧɹɧɵɯ ɢ ɯɥɨɩɱɚɬɨɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɯ
ɬɤɚɧɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡ ɲɺɥɤɚ. Ɋɭɤɚɜɚ ɭ ɤɢɫɬɢ ɭɡɤɢɟ. Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɪɭɤɚɜɚ, ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɡɚɜɢɫɟɥɚ ɨɬ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɛɚɯɢ. ȼɨɪɨɬ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ (ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɤɪɭɝɥɚɹ ɝɨɪɥɨɜɢɧɚ), ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɫɬɨɣɤɢ, ɤɪɭɝɥɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ («ɤɚɪɟ»), ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɨɠɢ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɵ,
ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ 2,5-4 ɫɦ; ɡɚɫɬɟɝɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɭɝɨɜɢɰɭ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɡ
ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɝɪɭɞɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɟɜɚ (ɤɨɫɨɜɨɪɨɬɤɚ) ɫ ɩɭɝɨɜɢɰɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɜɹɡɤɚɦɢ.
ɉɨɜɟɪɯ ɪɭɛɚɲɤɢ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɵ ɧɚɞɟɜɚɥɢ ɡɢɩɭɧ ɢɡ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɫɭɤɧɚ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯ ɡɢɩɭɧɚ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɟ
ɥɸɞɢ ɧɚɞɟɜɚɥɢ ɤɚɮɬɚɧ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯ ɤɚɮɬɚɧɚ ɛɨɹɪɟ ɢ ɞɜɨɪɹɧɟ ɧɚɞɟɜɚɥɢ ɮɟɪɹɡɶ, ɢɥɢ ɨɯɚɛɟɧɶ.
Ʌɟɬɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɤɚɮɬɚɧɚ ɧɚɞɟɜɚɥɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɹɞɤɭ. Ʉɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɨɣ ɛɵɥ ɚɪɦɹɤ.
ɒɭɛɵ ɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ: ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɟ ɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɲɭɛɚɯ ɢɡ ɨɜɱɢɧɵ, ɡɚɣɰɚ, ɚ
ɡɧɚɬɶ — ɢɡ ɤɭɧɢɰɵ, ɫɨɛɨɥɹ, ɱɟɪɧɨɛɭɪɤɢ. Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɲɭɛɚ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɧɚɹ, ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɞɨ
ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɚ, ɩɪɹɦɚɹ. Ɋɭɤɚɜɚ ɫ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɡ ɞɨ ɥɨɤɬɹ, ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ
ɨɬɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɜɨɪɨɬɧɢɤ ɢ ɨɛɲɥɚɝɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɟɤɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɟɯɨɦ. ɒɭɛɚ ɲɢɥɚɫɶ ɦɟɯɨɦ
ɜɨɜɧɭɬɪɶ, ɦɟɯ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɥ ɩɨɞɤɥɚɞɤɨɣ. ɋɜɟɪɯɭ ɲɭɛɚ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɬɤɚɧɹɦɢ: ɫɭɤɧɨɦ, ɩɚɪɱɨɣ ɢ ɛɚɪɯɚɬɨɦ. ȼ ɩɚɪɚɞɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɲɭɛɭ ɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɥɟɬɨɦ ɢ ɜ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ.
(http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%F3%F1%F1%EA%E8%E9_%ED%E0%F6%E8%EE%E
D%E0%EB%FC%ED%FB%E9_%EA%EE%F1%F2%FE%EC)
Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ
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27. ɒɄɈɅɖɇȺə ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ
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ɩɨɞɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ – ɱɟɦɭ?
+ inf. – ɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ, ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɝɢɬɚɪɟ
ɩɨɭɱɚɬɶ (ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɭ-ɬɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɵ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ)
ɜɟɫɬɢ – ɤɨɝɨ? ɱɬɨ?
ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ
ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ
ɲɤɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɪɬɚ (ɫɤɚɦɶɹ, ɦɟɛɟɥɶ)
ɩɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ
ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ
ɭɱɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɶ
ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɝɨɞ
ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɭɝɨɞɢɟ
ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ
ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɧɚɭɤɚ
ɭɱɺɧɵɟ
ɭɱɺɧɨɟ ɡɜɚɧɢɟ
ɭɱɺɧɵɣ ɫɨɜɟɬ
ɭɱɺɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
173
- ɩɨɥɭɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ
- ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɟ
ɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɵ – ɞɧɟɜɧɚɹ – ɨɱɧɚɹ
- ɡɚɨɱɧɚɹ (ɡɚɨɱɧɢɤ)
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ - ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
- ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ - ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ
ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɵ – ɩɪɢɺɦɧɵɣ
- ɜɫɬɭɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
- ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ
- ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ
- ɞɜɨɣɤɚ - ɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
- ɬɪɨɣɤɚ - ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
- ɱɟɬɜɟɪɤɚ - ɯɨɪɨɲɨ
- ɩɹɬɟɪɤɚ - ɨɬɥɢɱɧɨ
174
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ – ɡɢɦɧɢɣ ɢ ɥɟɬɧɢɣ ɫɟɦɟɫɬɪɵ
- ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɫɫɢɹ
ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤ
ɭɱɟɧɢɤ – ɭɱɟɧɢɰɚ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ - ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɤɚ
ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪ – ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɢɚɬ
ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪ – ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɬɭɪɚ – ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ - ɡɚɳɢɬɚ
ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬ – ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɭɪɚ – ɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ – ɡɚɳɢɬɚ
ɞɨɰɟɧɬ
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ
ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤ
ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɶ
ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ
ɞɟɤɚɧ
ɪɟɤɬɨɪ
ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɤ
- ɨɞɚɪɟɧɧɵɣ
- ɬɚɥɚɧɬɥɢɜɵɣ
- ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɣ ɤ ɭɱɺɛɟ
- ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
- ɰɟɥɟɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɧɵɣ
- ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
- ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɵɣ
- ɭɦɧɵɣ
- ɧɚɞɺɠɧɵɣ
- ɦɚɥɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɣ
- ɨɬɥɢɱɧɢɤ
- ɡɭɛɪɢɥɚ
- ɥɟɧɬɹɣ
63
výchova
64
osveta
65
povinnosĢ
66
výrobná prax
67
intenzívna forma vyuþovania
68
družina (školský klub)
69
stredné všeobecnovzdelávacie vojenské a vojensko-námorné školy
70
školy – ozdravovne
71
Školy pre mentálne a fyzicky zaostalé deti
72
diaĐkové (externé štúdium)
176
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
177
Ⱥ. ɋ. ɉɭɲɤɢɧɚ. 3. ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ _______________________. 4. ɍɡɤɚɹ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ___________________________ 5. ɇɚ
____________________ ɡɚɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ
___________________. 6. ɇɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɢɦɩɨɡɢɭɦ ɭɱɺɧɵɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ________________ ɢ ___________________.
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ.
ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ȼ. ɉɭɬɢɧɚ
ɉɪɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ȼɨɥɨɞɢ ɉɭɬɢɧɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɦɚɥɨ — ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ Ƚɪɢɛɨɟɞɨɜɚ,
ɝɞɟ ɨɧ ɩɪɨɭɱɢɥɫɹ 10 ɥɟɬ, ɞɚɜɧɵɦ-ɞɚɜɧɨ ɩɨɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ. Ɂɚɬɨ ɜ
Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɦ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɦɶɟɪɚ ɩɨɦɧɹɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɨ.
73
stretnutie, posedenie
178
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɨɞɚɪɺɧɧɵɦ74, — ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɤɚɧ ɸɪɮɚɤɚ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ Ʉɪɨɩɚɱɟɜ.
— ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɫɚɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɦɭ ɫɞɚɜɚɬɶ
ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɵ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɧɟɬ. Ɍɚɤ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ, ɞɚ ɢ
ɫɩɪɨɫ ɫ ɧɟɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ — ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ 10 ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɡɹɥɢ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɨɣ, ɱɟɝɨ
ɉɭɬɢɧɭ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ75. Ʉɫɬɚɬɢ, ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɧɟ
ɩɪɨɫɬɨ "ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ", ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ
"ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ"...
— Ɉɧ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɞɪɭɝ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɞɨ, — ɜɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɤɭɪɫɧɢɤ ɉɭɬɢɧɚ, ɧɵɧɟ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ
ɩɪɨɤɭɪɨɪ ɝɚɪɧɢɡɨɧɚ76 Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɘɪɢɣ ɋɢɥɚɟɜ. — ȼɫɟɝɞɚ, ɛɵɜɚɥɨ,
ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ, ɩɨɞɫɤɚɠɟɬ... Ɉɧ ɫɬɚɥ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɫ ɤ ɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɩɪɢɨɛɳɚɬɶ. ɉɨɣɞɺɦ ɜɟɱɟɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɟɱɤɭ,
ɩɨɤɭɩɚɟɦɫɹ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɨɧ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥ ɩɪɢɺɦɵ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ...
ɇɨ ɞɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɞɪɭɝ ɭ ȼɨɥɨɞɢ ɛɵɥ ɨɞɢɧ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɢɤ, ɤɚɤ
ȼɨɜɤɚ, ɧɢɱɟɦ ɧɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɥɫɹ, ɬɢɯɨɧɹ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɭ ɉɭɬɢɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɚɹ
ɮɢɡɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ — ɜɟɞɶ ɨɧ ɭɠɟ ɜ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɨɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɚɦɛɨ ɛɵɥ, ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ
ɤɭɪɫɟ ɜɵɢɝɪɚɥ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɜɭɡɨɜ, — ɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɞɪɭɝ ɛɵɥ ɫɥɚɛɵɣ,
ɯɢɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ. ȼɨɬ ȼɨɥɨɞɹ ɢ ɪɟɲɢɥ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɧɚɬɚɫɤɚɬɶ. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɚɦ ɨɛɭɱɚɥ ɟɝɨ ɫɚɦɛɨ,
ɩɨɬɨɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɢɥ ɜ ɫɟɤɰɢɸ. ɂ ɜɨɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɚɥɶɱɢɤ
ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɵɠɤɚ ɫɥɨɦɚɥ ɫɟɛɟ ɲɟɣɧɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɤ... ɑɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɨɧ
ɭɦɟɪ. ɏɨɪɨɧɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɨɦ ɜ ɚɤɬɨɜɨɦ ɡɚɥɟ. ȼɨɥɨɞɹ ɫɬɨɹɥ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɤ
ɝɪɨɛɭ. Ʉɚɤ ɨɧ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɩɥɚɤɚɥ! ɗɬɨɬ ɩɥɚɱ ɭ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɜ ɭɲɚɯ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɨɹɥ. ɇɚ
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɭɱɟɛɵ ɜ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɨɧ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɢɧɢɥ ɜ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ ɞɪɭɝɚ...
(http://www.grankin.ru/dosye/archiv/mk180899.htm)
1)Ʉɚɤ ɛɭɞɟɬ ______________ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɬɪɚɱɟɧɵ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɤɚ
ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ. 2) Ȼɭɞɟɬ ɥɢ _________________ ɷɬɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɸɬ ɧɢ ɭɱɟɧɵɟ. 3)
ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɡɚɞɚɸɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ______________ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ
74
talentovaný
75
þo pre neho nebol problém
76
posádka
179
ȼɵɫɨɰɤɨɝɨ. 4) Ʉɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ______________ ɜ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɚɯ
ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. 5) ɋɥɨɜɨ ɮɚɲɢɡɦ _________________ ɨɬ ɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ fascio (ɮɚɲɨ). 6)
Ƚɪɨɡɚ ɩɨɬɢɯɨɧɶɤɭ _______________ ɢ ɨɧɢ ɪɟɲɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɩɭɬɶ. 7) Ȼɭɞɭɳɢɟ
ɜɪɚɱɢ ______________ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɧɢɰɚɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɤɥɢɧɢɤɚɯ. 8) ɗɬɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ _______________ ɜ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɟ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
180
Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ _____________________________ (život v internáte) ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ
ɞɨɪɨɝɚɹ, ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ _____________________________ (musia si
privyrábaĢ).
_______________ (stravovanie) – ɜɚɠɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ, ɚ ɬɟ ɭ ɤɨɝɨ ____________ (chýbajú)
ɞɟɧɟɝ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɨɱɬɢ _____________ (hladujú).
ɇɟ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɭɞɚɺɬɫɹ _____________________________ (spájaĢ školu a prácu),
ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧɢ ɥɢɛɨ ________________________________ (ukonþiĢ štúdium), ɥɢɛɨ
______________________________ (nespravia skúšku).
Ɇɨɥɨɞɵɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ _________________________________ ______________ (míĖajú
viac ako si môžu dovoliĢ), ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɠɢɡɧɶ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɱɟɛɚ, ɧɨ ɢ
__________________________ (rôzna zábava).
Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɟɦɟɫɬɪ __________________________________________ (sa konþí skúškovým
obdobím), ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ __________________________________(robiĢ skúšky
a zápoþty).
ɇɟ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɢ ____________________________ (venujú pozornosĢ) ɧɚ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ _____________________________________________ (sa už
dávno stalo nevyhnutnosĢou), ɢ ɬɨɬ, ____________________________________________
(kto neovláda ani jeden) ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ___________ (nemá) ɲɚɧɫɨɜ
ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɢɠɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ.
Ɋɹɞ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ________________________________ (s cieĐom zlepšiĢ) ɫɜɨɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ
ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ____________________________________________ (pravidelne
cestujú na stáže) ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ.
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28. ɄȼȺɊɌɂɊȺ
ɨɞɧɨɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɚɹ
ɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɚɹ
ɬɪɟɯɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɚɹ
ɱɟɬɵɪɺɯɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɚɹ
ɩɹɬɢɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɚɹ
ɧɨɦɟɪ - ɨɞɧɨɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ
ɞɜɭɯɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ
ɬɪɟɯɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ
ɱɟɬɵɪɺɯɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ
ɩɹɬɢɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ
ɞɨɦ
ɨɫɨɛɧɹɤ
ɤɨɬɬɟɞɠ
ɠɢɥɨɣ ɞɨɦ
ɩɚɧɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɨɦ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚ – ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɤɚ
ɞɚɱɚ
ɯɚɬɚ
ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɚ
ɨɬɟɥɶ
ɯɨɫɬɟɥ
ɦɨɬɟɥɶ
182
ɬɟɪɪɚɫɚ
ɬɭɚɥɟɬ
ɱɟɪɞɚɤ/ɦɚɧɫɚɪɞɚ
ɷɬɚɠ
Ʉɭɯɧɹ
ɛɥɸɞɰɟ
ɜɢɥɤɚ
ɜɵɬɹɠɤɚ
ɝɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɩɥɢɬɚ
ɝɥɭɛɨɤɚɹ ɬɚɪɟɥɤɚ
ɞɟɫɟɪɬɧɚɹ ɜɢɥɤɚ
ɞɟɫɟɪɬɧɚɹ ɬɚɪɟɥɤɚ
ɞɨɫɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɤɢ (ɨɜɨɳɟɣ)
ɞɭɯɨɜɤɚ
ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɮɟɜɚɪɤɚ
ɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɹ
ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɧɵɣ ɧɨɠ
ɤɪɚɧ
ɤɪɭɠɤɚ
ɤɭɯɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɛɚɣɧ
ɦɟɥɤɚɹ ɬɚɪɟɥɤɚ
ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɹ ɩɟɱɶ
ɦɢɤɫɟɪ
ɦɢɫɤɚ
ɦɨɪɨɡɢɥɶɧɢɤ
ɦɭɫɨɪɧɨɟ ɜɟɞɪɨ
ɧɨɠ
ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɥɤɚ
ɩɨɫɭɞɚ
ɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɚɹ ɦɚɲɢɧɚ
ɩɪɢɯɜɚɬɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ
ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɚ
ɫɤɨɜɨɪɨɞɚ (ɫɤɨɜɨɪɨɞɤɚ)
ɫɬɚɤɚɧ
ɫɬɨɥɟɲɧɢɰɚ
ɫɬɨɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ
ɫɭɩɨɜɚɹ ɥɨɠɤɚ
ɬɺɪɤɚ
ɬɨɫɬɟɪ
ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤ
ɱɚɣɧɚɹ ɥɨɠɤɚ
ɱɚɣɧɢɤ
ɲɬɨɩɨɪ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɢɬɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɱɚɣɧɢɤ
ȼɚɧɧɚɹ
(ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ) ɫɬɢɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɚɲɢɧɚ
ɛɢɞɟ
183
ɛɨɣɥɟɪ
ɜɚɧɧɚ
ɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɜɪɢɤ
ɜɟɲɚɥɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɬɟɧɰɚ
ɝɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɚ
ɞɠɚɤɭɡɢ
ɤɪɵɲɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɧɢɬɚɡɚ
ɞɭɲ
ɞɭɲɟɜɚɹ ɤɚɛɢɧɚ
ɤɚɮɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɢɬɤɚ
ɤɨɪɡɢɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɥɶɹ
ɩɨɥɨɬɟɧɰɟ
ɫɭɲɢɥɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɥɶɹ
ɬɚɡ
ɭɦɵɜɚɥɶɧɢɤ
ɭɧɢɬɚɡ
ɮɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɥɨɫ
184
ɬɚɛɭɪɟɬ
ɬɚɯɬɚ
ɬɟɥɟɜɢɡɨɪ
ɬɭɚɥɟɬɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɥɢɤ
ɭɬɸɝ
ɲɤɚɮ
ɲɬɨɪɚ
ɠɢɬɶ
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ, ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɝɞɟ-ɥɢɛɨ
ɝɞɟ? - ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ, ɜ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɟ, ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ? – ɞɨɥɝɨ, ɫɬɨ ɥɟɬ…
ɤɚɤ? – ɛɨɝɚɬɨ, ɭɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨ, ɜɟɫɟɥɨ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ
ɤɟɦ? – ɢɦ, ɟɣ, ɫɟɫɬɪɨɣ, ɫɟɦɶɺɣ
ɱɟɦ? – ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɦ, ɢɞɟɟɣ, ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ɧɚ ɱɬɨ? – ɧɚ ɡɚɪɩɥɚɬɭ, ɧɚ ɩɟɧɫɢɸ, ɧɚ ɫɬɢɩɟɧɞɢɸ
ɜɵɠɢɜɚɬɶ – ɜɵɠɢɬɶ
ɨɫɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɠɢɜɵɯ
ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɬɶ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ
ɤɚɤ? – ɥɸɛɨɣ ɰɟɧɨɣ
ɝɞɟ? – ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ, ɜ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɟ
ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɬɶ – ɩɟɪɟɠɢɬɶ
ɤɨɝɨ? – ɠɟɧɭ, ɞɪɭɡɟɣ, ɜɪɚɝɨɜ…
ɱɬɨ? – ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ, ɦɟɱɬɵ, ɤɪɢɡɢɫ, ɩɨɞɴɟɦ, ɜɨɣɧɭ, ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸ…
ɡɚ ɤɨɝɨ? ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɤɨɝɨ? – ɡɚ ɫɵɧɚ, ɡɚ ɫɟɛɹ, ɡɚ ɫɟɦɶɸ, ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɢɯ
ɡɚ ɱɬɨ? ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɱɟɝɨ? – ɡɚ ɞɟɥɨ, ɡɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ
ɩɪɨɠɢɬɶ
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ? ɤɚɤ ɞɨɥɝɨ? – ɜɫɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ, ɞɨ ɫɬɚɪɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚ
ɝɞɟ? – ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ, ɬɚɦ, ɡɞɟɫɶ
185
ɫ ɤɟɦ? – ɫ ɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ, ɫ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɨɦ
ɞɥɹ ɤɨɝɨ? – ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ, ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɡɟɣ
ɛɟɡ ɱɟɝɨ? – ɛɟɡ ɡɚɛɨɬ, ɛɟɡ ɞɟɥ, ɛɟɡ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɤɚɤ ɞɨɥɝɨ? – ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɧɟɣ, ɧɟɞɟɥɸ
186
4) Ɍɟ ɨɛɵɱɚɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ….
5) ɍ ɧɟɺ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɨɧɚ ɥɟɝɤɨ …. ɫ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ.
6) Ɇɵ ɛɨɹɥɢɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɞɭɲɤɚ ɧɟ ….. ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
7) Ȼɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɹ ….. ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ.
8) ɉɪɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɜɚɪɰɟɦ ɨɠɨɝɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ….
9) ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɵ …. ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ?
10) ȼ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɟ ɨɧ ….. ɰɟɥɵɯ ɞɜɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɟ. 11) ȼ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɜɵ
….?
1) Ɋɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɭɤɟ….
2) ɋɨɛɚɤɭ ɪɚɧɢɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɯɨɬɵ, ɧɨ….
3) ɋɤɨɪɨ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɬ ɜɟɫɧɚ ɢ ɜɫɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ….
4) Ɇɨɹ ɛɚɛɭɲɤɚ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɚ ɦɧɟ ɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɯ ɦɨɟɣ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ….
5) ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɨɧɚ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥɚ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ….
6) ɋɜɨɸ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɭ ɦɵ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɭɫɩɟɥɢ….
7) Ɉɧ ɡɧɚɥ ɫɜɨɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ, ɧɨ ….
ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɢɬɶ(ɫɹ) – ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɹɬɶ(ɫɹ)
ɜɵɫɟɥɢɬɶ(ɫɹ) – ɜɵɫɟɥɹɬɶ(ɫɹ)
ɡɚɫɟɥɢɬɶ – ɡɚɫɟɥɹɬɶ
ɫɧɹɬɶ – ɫɧɢɦɚɬɶ
ɚɪɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ
ɛɪɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ – ɡɚɛɪɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
187
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɤɭɞɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ,
ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɝɚɡ, ɜɵɜɨɡ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɷɬɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ
ɩɨɞɨɪɨɠɚɸɬ ɜ 2,6 ɪɚɡɚ, ɡɚɬɟɦ – ɜ 15 ɪɚɡ, ɚ ɫ 1-ɝɨ ɢɸɧɹ 1994 ɝɨɞɚ – ɜ 48 ɪɚɡ.
ɋɬɨɥɶ ɪɟɡɤɨɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɬɵ ɡɚ ɠɢɥɶɺ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ
ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ɠɢɥɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ. Ⱦɨɬɚɰɢɣ ɢɡ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɰɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɯɜɚɬɚɟɬ, ɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ 3,5 % ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
188
_____________ (okraji) ɝɨɪɨɞ___, ɱɬɨ ɯɨɬɶ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɚɫɚɥɨ ɧɚɫ ɨɬ ɝɥɭɯ____
ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤ____ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ɉɟɬɪɠɚɥɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɧɨɜ____ ɠɢɥ____ ________________
(sídliskom), ɢ ɧɨɜɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɟɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝ___ ɛɨɥɨɬɢɫɬ____ _______________
(chodníky). Ⱦɟɬ____ ɤɚɤ-ɬɨ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɟɲɚɥɚ ɷɬɚ ɧɟ _____________ (príjemná)
ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ, ɧɨ ɹ ɡɧɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɠɢɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢ ____ _________ (inakšie). ɉɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɧɚɲ____ __________________ (štvorizbovým) ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪ_____, ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤ____ ɞɨɦɢɤ
ɦɨ____ ɛɚɛɭɲɤɢ ɛɵɥ ɫɤɚɡɨɱɧ____ ɦɢɪ____. ɇɟɛɨɥɶɲ______, ɫɬɚɪ____ ____________
(budova) , ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫ ____________ (kuchyĖou) ɢ ɨɞɧ____ _____________ (izbou), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɛɵɥɚ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ___________ (spálĖou) ɢ _______________ (obývaþkou), ɚ ɩɨ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɥɚɞɨɜ____, ɛɵɥ ________ ________ (pre mĖa) ɜɫɟɦ. ɋ ɧɢɦ
ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɨ___ _________ (sny), ɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɹ ɫɬɚɥ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɦ, ɹ ______________
(rozhodol som sa) , ɱɬɨ ɧɟɩɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɞɨ _________ (odísĢ) ɢɡ ɝɨɪɨɞ___ ɢ
__________________ (presĢahovaĢ sa) ɜ ɞɟɪɟɜɧ____, ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɜ
______________ (prímestie). Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɹ ɫ ɦɨ_____ ɩɨɞɪɭɝ____ ____________ (prenajímal) ɡɚ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲ____ ɞɟɧɶɝ____ (byt), ɜɟɪɧɟɟ, ɨɞɧɭ ____________ (neútulnú) ɤɨɦɧɚɬɭ, ɢ
____________ (pokúšal som sa) ɤɚɤ-ɬɨ ɫɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɬɶ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɫɦɨɬɪɟɥ
ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧ_____ ɜ ɝɚɡɟɬ_____ ɨ _____________ ________________ (predaji rodinných
domov) ɢ ɧɚɞɟɹɥɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɣɞɭ ɫɜɨ____ ɞɟɬɫɤ_____ ɦɟɱɬ____. ɐɟɧɚ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪ____ ɢ
ɞɨɦ____ ɢɡ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ ________________ (stúpala), ɢ ɹ ɭɠɟ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɥ ɜɟɪɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ
______________ (niekedy) ɛɭɞɭ ɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɨ____ ___________________ (vlastnom ) ɞɨɦɟ.
ɇɨ ɜɞɪɭɝ...
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
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ɨɩɹɬɶ ɩɨɥɤɢ ɫ ɤɧɢɝ_____, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɲɤɚɮ ɛɵɥ __________________ (trochu vyšší). ɇɚ
ɩɨɥ__ ɥɟɠɚɥ ɛɟɥ____ ɤɨɜɟɪ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɤɪɟɫ____, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪ____ ____________ (zaspal) ɀɟɧɹ,
ɬɚɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɟɳɟ ɬɪɢ _________________ (rovnaké) ɤɪɟɫɥɚ. ɇɚ ɫɬɟɧ____ ɜɢɫɟɥɢ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɟ____________ (obrazy), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟ ___________
(chápal). ɉɨɞ ɨɤɧ____, ɧɚɞ ɤɨɬɨɪ_____ ɜɢɫɟɥɚ _____________ (záclona) ɛɵɥ ɟɳɺ
ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ ɫɬɨɥɢɤ ɫ ________________________ (vázou s kvetmi). ȼ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
____________ (vošla) Ɍɚɦɚɪɚ, ɠɟɧɚ ɀɟɧ___, ______________________ (zobudila ho) ɢ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɥɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɥ ____________________________________________ (príbor, taniere,
poháre a štamperlíky), ɚ ɜɫɤɨɪɟ _____________________ (priniesla polievku).
ɄɈɆɆɍɇȺɅɄȺ
ɋ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫ 1914 ɝɨɞɚ, ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɥɢ.
ȼɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɠɢɥɢɳɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɡɧɨɫ
ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ.
ȼ ɤɪɚɬɱɚɣɲɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɥɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɨɫɬɪɭɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ - ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɠɢɥɶɺɦ. ȼ. ɂ. Ʌɟɧɢɧ ɫɨɡɞɚɥ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ "Ɉ ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɰɢɢ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪ
ɛɨɝɚɬɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɭɠɞ ɛɟɞɧɵɯ", ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ "ɛɨɝɚɬɨɣ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɨɣ
ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɹɤɚɹ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɦɧɚɬ ɪɚɜɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɱɢɫɥɨ ɞɭɲ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɟ".
"ɋɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ" ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɠɢɥɶɺɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɧɟɩɪɨɥɟɬɚɪɫɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɫ ɨɫɟɧɢ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ. ɀɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ "ɪɚɡɧɟɫɥɢ ɩɨ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɦ". ɋ
"ɛɭɪɠɭɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ" ɧɟ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɥɢɫɶ - ɢɯ ɜɵɝɨɧɹɥɢ ɢɡ
ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢ ɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ. ɍ ɜɵɫɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɧɟɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɧɨ ɢ ɦɟɛɟɥɶ, ɨɞɟɠɞɭ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɞɟɧɶɝɢ.
ȼɟɫɶ ɠɢɥɨɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɫɬɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɨɤ ɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɨɣ - 10 ɤɜ. ɦ ɧɚ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɢ 5 ɤɜ. ɦ ɧɚ
ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 12 ɥɟɬ. ɇɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɧɟ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ, ɢ ɩɨɪɨɣ ɧɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜɫɟɝɨ 3–4 ɤɜ. ɦ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ. ȼ ɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ ɲɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ.
Ʌɸɞɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɠɢɥɶɺ ɤɚɤ ɱɭɠɨɟ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɥɢɫɶ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɱɚɫɬɨ
ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɢɢ ɢ ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ, ɧɚɪɭɲɚɥɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ
ɨɛɳɟɠɢɬɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɜɵɧɭɞɢɥɨ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ 1929 ɝɨɞɭ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ "ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚɯ". ȼ ɧɺɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ: "ɇɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɤɨɣ -
ɫ 12 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɧɨɱɢ… ȼɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɱɺɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɚ
ɡɚɩɨɪɟ… ɉɪɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɠɢɥɶɰɵ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɦɵɬɶɹ ɜɵɦɵɜɚɬɶ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ ɧɚɱɢɫɬɨ… ɋɬɢɪɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɥɶɹ ɜ ɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ, ɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɝɪɨɦɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɨɜ ɫɭɧɞɭɤɚɦɢ, ɲɤɚɮɚɦɢ ɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɝɪɨɦɨɡɞɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ… ȼɨɫɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɨɞɧɨɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ...
Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɤɚ
Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚ ɜ ɫɬɚɪɢɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɯ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɥɚɫɶ ɫ ɩɪɢɯɨɠɟɣ.
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɠɢɥɶɰɵ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɸɸ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ ɢ ɨɛɭɜɶ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɬɭɬ ɠɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɫɹ
ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɂɡ ɩɪɢɯɨɠɟɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɫɸ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɭ ɬɹɧɭɥɫɹ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪ. ɇɚ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɨɬ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɚ, ɤɭɯɧɹ ɢ ɬɭɚɥɟɬ.
ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɭɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɜɟ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɤɚɯ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɥɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ
ɩɨɥɭɫɨɬɧɢ ɠɢɥɶɰɨɜ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɚ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɚ, ɬɨ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɟɧ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ
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ɦɟɛɟɥɶ - ɲɤɚɮɵ, ɬɭɦɛɨɱɤɢ, ɤɨɦɨɞɵ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɠɟ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɫɹɤɢɣ ɯɥɚɦ. ȼ
ɩɪɢɯɨɠɟɣ ɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɜɟɥɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɵ ɠɢɥɶɰɨɜ.
ɉɨɞ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɨɣ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ,
ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɚ ɞɜɟɪɶɸ, ɚ ɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɨɞɧɚ ɫɟɦɶɹ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɵ ɜ ɫɬɚɪɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɫɬɟɧ, ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɨɤ, ɲɢɪɦ ɢ ɡɚɧɚɜɟɫɨɤ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɥɟɬɭɲɤɚɯ ɠɢɥɨɫɶ
ɬɟɫɧɨ, ɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɫɩɚɥɶɧɟɣ, ɢ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɨɣ, ɢ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɨɦ,
ɢ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɨɣ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɛɵɥ ɞɨɪɨɝ.
ɋɟɪɞɰɟɦ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɤɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɚɫɶ ɤɭɯɧɹ - ɰɟɧɬɪ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ ɢ
ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɟɞɟɣ, ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɚɪɟɧɚ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɬɚɥɢɣ. Ɍɭɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɥɢɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵ ɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɫɟɦɶɹɦɢ. ɑɚɳɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɦɶɢ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɜɟ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɬɚɤɢɟ "ɨɱɚɝɢ" ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɦɢɱɧɨ:
ɨɞɧɚ ɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɫɜɟɪɤɚɥɚ ɛɟɥɢɡɧɨɣ, ɞɪɭɝɚɹ - ɛɵɥɚ ɱɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɤɨɩɨɬɢ ɢ ɠɢɪɚ. Ʉ ɩɥɢɬɚɦ
ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɥɢ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɥɵ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɢ ɩɢɳɭ ɢ ɤɭɞɚ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɝɪɹɡɧɭɸ
ɩɨɫɭɞɭ. ɇɟɪɟɞɤɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɟɺ ɩɟɪɟɦɵɬɶ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɤ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɟ. ɇɚ
ɤɭɯɧɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɟɥɢ, ɞɚɠɟ ɩɢɳɭ ɩɨ ɬɚɪɟɥɤɚɦ ɪɚɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɟ. Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ
ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɭɸ ɟɞɭ. ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚɯ ɧɚ ɤɭɯɧɹɯ ɫɭɲɢɥɢ ɛɟɥɶɺ. ɇɚɬɹɧɭɬɵɟ
ɜɟɪɺɜɤɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɧɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɲɚɥɢ ɧɚɞ ɫɜɨɢɦ
ɫɬɨɥɨɦ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɠɢɥɶɰɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ "ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ-ɦɟɬɨɞ": ɜɵɫɬɢɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɢ
ɫɭɲɢɥɢ ɧɚɞ ɩɥɢɬɨɣ, ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ ɡɚɠɠɺɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɧɨɱɶ. ɗɬɨ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɨ
ɧɚɪɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɟɞɟɣ: ɧɟ ɜɫɟɦ ɧɪɚɜɢɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɞ ɢɯ ɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɟɣ ɜɢɫɟɥɢ, ɫɤɚɠɟɦ, ɱɭɠɢɟ
ɧɨɫɤɢ.
(http://otradnoe.miel.ru/press/article/2559/)
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ:
1) Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚ?
2) Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɤɢ? ɑɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɢɯ
ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ?
3) ɍ ɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢ Ʌɟɧɢɧɟ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪ ɢ ɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ
ɨɩɪɚɜɞɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ?
4) Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɠɢɥɶɰɨɜ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɠɢɥɶɸ?
5) Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɠɚɹ ɢ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪ?
6) ɑɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɵ?
7) Ɉɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɤɭɯɧɸ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɟ.
8) ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɠɢɥɶɰɨɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɤɟ?
9) ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɤɢ ɡɚɫɟɥɹɥɢ?
10) Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɤɚɯ?
11) ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ «ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ ɦɟɬɨɞ»? ɋ ɱɟɦ ɨɧ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ?
12) Ʉɚɤ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɢ ɢ ɟɥɢ ɠɢɥɶɰɵ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɤɚɯ?
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29. ȼ ȽɈɋɌɂɇɂɐȿ (ɈɌȿɅȿ)
- Ɂɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɭɣɬɟ!
- Ⱦɨɛɪɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ!
- ɂɡɜɢɧɢɬɟ, ɭ ɜɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ?
- Ⱦɚ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɟɫɬɶ. ȼɚɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɬ ɨɞɧɨɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɜɭɯɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ?
- Ⱦɜɭɯɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ.
- ɇɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɧɟɣ?
- ɇɚ ɬɪɢ ɞɧɹ.
- Ⱦɚ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ. ȼ ɧɨɦɟɪɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɭɲ ɢ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧ.
- Ⱥ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɡɨɪ?
- Ɍɟɥɟɜɢɡɨɪɚ ɧɟɬ, ɧɨ ɬɚɦ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɢɡ ɨɤɧɚ: ɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɢ ɪɟɤɭ.
- ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ?
- ɑɟɬɵɪɟɫɬɚ ɪɭɛɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ. ȼɚɲ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ.
- ɉɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɜɨɬ ɨɧ.
- ȼɨɬ ɛɥɚɧɤ, ɡɞɟɫɶ ɜɵ ɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɸ, ɬɭɬ – ɜɚɲ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɣ ɚɞɪɟɫ, ɜɧɢɡɭ – ɞɚɬɭ.
- Ƚɨɬɨɜɨ. ɉɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ.
- ȼɨɬ ɜɚɲɢ ɤɥɸɱɢ ɨɬ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ. ȼɚɲ ɧɨɦɟɪ 235, ɧɚ ɱɟɬɜɺɪɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɠɟ. Ʌɢɮɬ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɫɥɟɜɚ.
Ɂɚɜɬɪɚɤ ɩɨɞɚɸɬ ɫ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɞɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɮɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɠɟ.
ɨɬɟɥɶ ɨɞɧɨɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɧɵɣ
ɞɜɭɯɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɧɵɣ
ɬɪɟɯɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɧɵɣ
ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɧɵɣ
ɩɹɬɢɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɧɵɣ
Ʉ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦ ɝɨɫɬɟɣ
192
Ɏɢɬɧɟɫ-ɰɟɧɬɪ
Ȼɚɫɫɟɣɧ
ɋɚɭɧɚ
Ɇɚɫɫɚɠ
ɉɪɚɱɟɱɧɚɹ
ɏɢɦɱɢɫɬɤɚ
Ɇɟɞɩɭɧɤɬ
Ɂɚɤɚɡ ɬɚɤɫɢ
Ⱥɪɟɧɞɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
ɇɚ ɪɟɰɟɩɰɢɢ
ə ɡɚɛɪɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɧɚ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɸ...
ɍ ɜɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɵ?
Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɜɫɟ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɵ ɡɚɧɹɬɵ.
Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɭ ɜɵ ɠɟɥɚɟɬɟ?
ə ɯɨɬɟɥ ɛɵ ɫɧɹɬɶ ɚɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɵ
Ɇɧɟ ɧɭɠɟɧ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɤɪɨɜɚɬɹɦɢ (ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɜɭɫɩɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɚɬɶɸ).
ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɦɧɟ ɞɚɬɶ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɫ - ɞɭɲɟɦ
ɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɜɢɞɨɦ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɟ
ɗɬɨɬ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ?
ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɩɚɧɫɢɨɧɨɦ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ?
ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɫ ɡɚɜɬɪɚɤɨɦ?
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɨɦɟɪ?
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɜ ɧɨɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɞɟɬɫɤɭɸ ɤɪɨɜɚɬɤɭ?
ə ɜɨɡɶɦɭ ɷɬɨɬ ɧɨɦɟɪ.
Ɇɧɟ ɧɟ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɷɬɨɬ ɧɨɦɟɪ, ɩɨɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɦɧɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ.
Ɇɨɝɭ ɥɢ ɹ ɩɨɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɧɨɦɟɪ?
ɇɨɦɟɪ ɨɫɧɚɳɺɧ
- ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɦ
- ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɟɦ
- ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪ
- ɦɢɧɢ-ɛɚɪ
- ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧ
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Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɮɨɪɦɭɥɹɪ (ɛɥɚɧɤ).
Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ ɞɨɛɪɵ, ... ɜɚɲɟ ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɚɲ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬ
ɉɚɫɩɨɪɬ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɡɚɛɪɚɬɶ.... ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱɚɫ
ɡɚɜɬɪɚ
Ɇɧɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɡɚɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ?
ɇɟɬ, ɩɪɢ ɨɬɴɟɡɞɟ.
ȼɨɡɶɦɢɬɟ ɤɥɸɱ ɨɬ ɜɚɲɟɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ (ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɭ).
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɶɛɵ
Ⱦɚɣɬɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɦɨɣ ɤɥɸɱ (ɦɨɸ ɤɚɪɬɭ).
Ɉɬɤɭɞɚ ɹ ɦɨɝɭ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɢɬɶ?
ȼɨ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɬɪɚɤ?
Ƚɞɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧ?
Ɋɚɡɛɭɞɢɬɟ ɦɟɧɹ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɜ....
ə ɦɨɝɭ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɟ-ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɟɣɮɟ?
Ƚɞɟ ɹ ɦɨɝɭ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɟɳɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɢɪɤɭ (ɝɥɚɠɤɭ)?
ɇɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ȼɵ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɬɢ ɦɧɟ ɡɚɜɬɪɚɤ ɜ ɧɨɦɟɪ?
ɉɪɢɧɟɫɢɬɟ ɦɧɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɜ ɧɨɦɟɪ... ɡɚɜɬɪɚɤ (ɮɪɭɤɬɵ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ....)
Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɦɧɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɬɟɧɰɟ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɥɟɞ
ɟɳɺ ɨɞɧɭ ɩɨɞɭɲɤɭ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɟɲɚɥɨɤ
ɇɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ȼɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪ?
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ?
Ⱦɜɟɪɶ ɜ ɦɨɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɡɚɯɥɨɩɧɭɥɚɫɶ
ə ɩɨɬɟɪɹɥ ɤɥɸɱ (ɤɚɪɬɭ) ɨɬ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ.
ɀɚɥɨɛɵ
Ɂɞɟɫɶ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɠɚɪɤɨ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨ
ɇɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ȼɵ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪ?
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ?
ȼ ɦɨɟɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɟ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ
ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧ
ɬɟɥɟɜɢɡɨɪ
ȼ ɦɨɟɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɟ ɧɟɬ (ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ) ɜɨɞɵ
ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɟɩɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ
ɩɨɥɨɬɟɧɰɚ
ɫɜɟɬɚ
ɇɨɦɟɪ ɧɟ ɭɛɪɚɧ.
Ɍɭɚɥɟɬ ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧ.
Ɋɚɤɨɜɢɧɚ ɡɚɫɨɪɟɧɚ.
Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɭ ɜ ɦɨɟɣ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɟ.
ə ɯɨɬɟɥ ɛɵ ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɫ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ.
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Ɉɬɴɟɡɞ
Ʉɚɤ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɜɵ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɵ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɟɥɟ?
ə ɭɟɡɠɚɸ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ
ɡɚɜɬɪɚ ɜɟɱɟɪɨɦ
ɜ ɫɟɦɶ ɱɚɫɨɜ
ə ɯɨɬɟɥ ɛɵ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɨɦɟɪ.
ȼɨ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɧɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɨɦɟɪ?
ə ɯɨɬɟɥ ɛɵ ɩɪɨɞɥɢɬɶ (ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ) ɦɨɟ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɟ.
Ⱦɚɣɬɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɫɱɺɬ.
Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɷɬɨ ɧɚ ɦɨɣ ɫɱɺɬ.
ə ɦɨɝɭ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɨɣ?
Ɉɬɧɟɫɢɬɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɦɨɣ ɛɚɝɚɠ ɜɧɢɡ (ɧɚɜɟɪɯ).
ȼɵɡɨɜɢɬɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ, ɬɚɤɫɢ.
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
1) Prepáþte, povedzte mi, þo všetko je zapoþítané do ceny ubytovania vo vašom hoteli?
2) Hotel je vybavený najmodernejšou technikou.
3) Na prízemí nájdete všetko potrebné: kaviareĖ, zmenáreĖ, konferenþnú miestnosĢ,
reštauráciu a iné.
4) Dobrý deĖ, rád by som si rezervoval izbu vo vašom hoteli.
5) Prosím, vypíšte formulár a uvećte v Ėom vašu domácu adresu.
6) Prosím, povedzte mi, koĐko bude stáĢ ubytovanie v jednoposteĐovej izbe na týždeĖ.
7) Prepáþte, na koho sa môžem obrátiĢ? V mojej izbe nefunguje kúrenie.
8) Dobrý deĖ, chcel by som vás poprosiĢ doniesĢ mi raĖajky do izby.
9) Prosím, náklady za ubytovanie nám pošlite na úþet.
10) Zajtra by som rád odcestoval. ýo je potrebné urobiĢ pred odchodom z hotela?
11) Prepáþte, chcel by som si predĎžiĢ ubytovanie o jeden týždeĖ.
12) Môžem vás poprosiĢ o jeden uterák a deku navyše?
13) Prepáþte, neviete mi poradiĢ, kde je možné nechaĢ veci na pranie.
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
2. ȼɵ ɥɸɛɢɬɟ ɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ?
3. Ƚɞɟ ɜɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɠɢɜɟɬɟ: ɜ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɟ, ɭ ɞɪɭɡɟɣ? ɋɧɢɦɚɟɬɟ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɭ?
4. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɵ ɜɵ ɥɸɛɢɬɟ: ɞɨɪɨɝɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɲɟɜɵɟ, ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ,
ɧɨɜɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɪɵɟ, ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɫɬɢɥɟ?
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5. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɵ ɠɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɟ? Ƚɞɟ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ?
6. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥ ɧɨɦɟɪ? ɑɬɨ ɬɚɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɢ ɱɟɝɨ ɬɚɦ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ?
7. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɛɵɥ ɜɢɞ ɢɡ ɨɤɧɚ?
8. ɑɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɫ ɯɨɪɨɲɚɹ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɚ, ɚ ɱɬɨ ɩɥɨɯɚɹ?
ȽɈɋɌɂɇɂɐȺ «ɆȿɌɊɈɉɈɅɖ»
ɊɈɀȾȿɇɂȿ "ɆȿɌɊɈɉɈɅə"
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ XX ɜɟɤɚ... ɉɨ ɭɥɢɰɚɦ ɟɳɟ ɟɡɞɹɬ ɢɡɜɨɡɱɢɤɢ, ɧɨ ɭɠɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɢ. Ⱥ
ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ, ɧɚ Ɍɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ, ɜɵɫɢɬɫɹ "ȼɚɜɢɥɨɧɫɤɚɹ ɛɚɲɧɹ XX ɜɟɤɚ", ɤɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɬɨɝɞɚ
ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɟ; ɢ ɬɨɥɩɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɚɣɨɥɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɚɧɧɨ,
ɛɚɪɟɥɶɟɮɵ, ɛɚɲɟɧɤɢ, ɚɠɭɪɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɺɬɤɢ ɢ ɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɵɟ ɤɭɩɨɥɚ ɜ ɫɬɢɥɟ ɦɨɞɟɪɧ. Ɉɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɬ ɨɬɛɨɹ. ȿɳɟ ɛɵ - "Ɇɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɶ" ɛɵɥ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦɭ ɫɥɨɜɭ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ:
ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤɢ, ɥɢɮɬɵ, ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɵ, ɝɨɪɹɱɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ, - ɪɟɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ɂɡɵɫɤɚɧɧɚɹ
ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɥɚ ɪɨɫɤɨɲɧɵɟ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɢ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɵ "Ɇɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɹ". ȼ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɚɯ "Ɇɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɹ"
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɢ ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɢɤɢ. ɑɚɫɬɨ ɜ "Ɇɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɶ"
ɡɚɟɡɠɚɥɢ ɩɨɭɠɢɧɚɬɶ ɥɸɞɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ: ȼ. Ȼɪɸɫɨɜ, Ɂ. Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɠɟɜɫɤɚɹ, ɋ. Ɋɚɯɦɚɧɢɧɨɜ, ɦɨɳɧɵɣ
ɛɚɫ ɒɚɥɹɩɢɧɚ ɫɨɬɪɹɫɚɥ ɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɵɣ ɤɭɩɨɥ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɚ: "ɗɯ, ɞɭɛɢɧɭɲɤɚ, ɭɯɧɟɦ..."
ɋɈȼȿɌɋɄɂɃ ɉȿɊɂɈȾ
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ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɚɦɢ, ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɶ. Ɉɧ ɫɬɚɥ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ
ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɥɚɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɢɤɨɜ. Ɂɞɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɥɢ ɨɬɪɹɞɵ ɸɧɤɟɪɨɜ, ɜɟɪɧɵɟ ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ
ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ. Ɉɧɢ ɨɬɛɢɜɚɥɢ ɚɬɚɤɢ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɝɜɚɪɞɢɢ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɜɲɟɣ ɧɚ Ʉɪɟɦɥɶ.
ɒɟɫɬɶ ɞɧɟɣ ɡɚ ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɫɶ ɨɠɟɫɬɨɱɺɧɧɵɟ ɛɨɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɧɵɯ ɲɬɭɪɦɨɜ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɢɤɢ ɪɟɲɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɚɪɬɢɥɥɟɪɢɸ. ɇɟ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɚɪɬɨɛɫɬɪɟɥɚ, ɸɧɤɟɪɚ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ, ɢ ɜ
ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɫɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɯɨɡɹɟɜɚ - ɫɭɪɨɜɵɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɜ ɱɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɠɚɧɤɚɯ. «Ɇɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɶ»
ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɰɢɸ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɢɫɬɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɪɬɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ.
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ȼɬɨɪɵɦ Ⱦɨɦɨɦ ɋɨɜɟɬɨɜ. ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧ ɨɬɟɥɹ, ɝɞɟ ɟɳɺ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ
ɷɥɢɬɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɫɥɚɠɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɯɧɟɣ ɢ ɜɢɧɚɦɢ, ɛɵɥ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɺɧ ɜ ɡɚɥ ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɣ.
ɋɬɟɧɵ ɡɚɥɚ ɩɨɦɧɹɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ, Ɍɪɨɰɤɨɝɨ, ɋɜɟɪɞɥɨɜɚ. ȼ ɪɨɫɤɨɲɧɵɯ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɯ
ɩɨɫɟɥɢɥɢɫɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɢɤɢ – Ƚɟɨɪɝɢɣ ɑɢɱɟɪɢɧ, ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ Ȼɭɯɚɪɢɧ, ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪ Ⱥɧɬɨɧɨɜ-Ɉɜɫɟɟɧɤɨ.
ɇɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɷɬɚɠɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɺɦɧɚɹ əɤɨɜɚ ɋɜɟɪɞɥɨɜɚ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɵ ɜ
ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ: ɡɞɟɫɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɢɚɬɵ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɥ, ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ,
ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ.
ɂɞɭɬ ɝɨɞɵ. ɉɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɦɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɠɚɧɤɢ ɢ ɚɫɤɟɬɢɡɦ, ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɥɢɞɧɵɟ
ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɟ ɝɨɫɬɢ, ɢ "Ɇɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɸ" ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ - ɨɬɟɥɶ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ. ȼ
ɨɬɟɥɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ Ȼɟɪɧɚɪɞ ɒɨɭ, Ȼɟɪɬɨɥɶɞ Ȼɪɟɯɬ, ɠɢɥɢ ɋɟɪɝɟɣ ɉɪɨɤɨɮɶɟɜ,
Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ Ʉɭɩɪɢɧ. ȼ 1950-70-ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɝɨɫɬɹɦɢ «Ɇɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɹ» ɛɵɥɢ Ɇɚɨ ɐɡɟɞɭɧ, Ɇɚɪɥɟɧ
Ⱦɢɬɪɢɯ, Ⱦɠɨɧ ɋɬɟɣɧɛɟɤ.
«ȼɌɈɊɈȿ ɊɈɀȾȿɇɂȿ» «ɆȿɌɊɈɉɈɅə».
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7) Ʉɚɤ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɚ ɞɨɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɚ?
8) Ɂɧɚɟɬɟ ɥɢ ȼɵ ɢɦɟɧɢɬɵɯ ɝɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɨɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ «Ɇɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɹ»?
9) Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɵ ɜ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ?
10) ɑɟɦ ɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɢɤɚɦɢ?
11) Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɟ ɜɟɪɧɭɥɫɹ ɟɺ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ?
12) Ʉɚɤɨɜɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɵ ɜ 1980-ɟ ɝɨɞɵ?
13) Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰɚ «Ɇɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɶ» ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ?
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30. ȽȿɈȽɊȺɎɂə
ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɲɚɪ
ɡɟɦɥɹ
ɦɢɪ
ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚ
ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɟ/ɸɠɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɟ
ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
ɪɟɝɢɨɧ
ɪɚɣɨɧ
ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɹ
ɨɤɪɭɝ
ɫɬɪɚɧɚ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ
ɤɪɚɣ
ɝɨɪɨɞ
ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ
ɫɟɥɨ
ɩɨɫɺɥɨɤ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ
ɥɟɠɚɬɶ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ
ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ - ɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨ
- ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ
- ɨɤɨɥɨ
- ɜɨɤɪɭɝ
- ɜɞɨɥɶ
- ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟ ɪɟɤɢ
- ɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ
- ɭ ɢɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɪɟɤɢ
- ɧɚ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ
ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɫɬɪɚɧɵ _______ ɤɜ.ɦ.
ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ɋɟɥɶɟɮ
- ɧɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
- ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
199
- ɪɚɜɧɢɧɚ
- ɝɨɪɚ
- ɩɨɞɧɨɠɶɟ ɝɨɪ
- ɯɨɥɦ
- ɜɟɪɲɢɧɚ
- ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɨɪɶɟ
- ɯɨɥɦɢɫɬɚɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ
- ɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɦɚɫɫɢɜ
- ɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɯɪɟɛɟɬ
- ɨɬɪɨɝ ɯɪɟɛɬɚ
- ɧɚɝɨɪɶɟ
- ɩɟɪɟɜɚɥ
- ɭɳɟɥɶɟ
- ɞɨɥɢɧɚ
- ɫɟɞɥɨ
- ɩɟɳɟɪɚ
- ɪɨɳɚ
- ɥɭɝ
- ɩɨɥɟ
- ɬɪɨɩɚ
- ɬɪɨɩɢɧɤɚ
- ɞɨɪɨɠɤɚ
ȼɨɞɚ - ɩɪɟɫɧɚɹ/ɦɨɪɫɤɚɹ
ɬɟɱɶ – ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɬɶ
ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɜɩɚɞɚɬɶ (ȼɨɥɝɚ ɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ Ʉɚɫɩɢɣɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ)
ɜɵɬɟɤɚɬɶ
ɜɵɫɵɯɚɬɶ
ɢɫɫɹɤɚɬɶ
- ɩɨɬɨɤ
- ɪɭɱɟɣ
- ɪɟɤɚ - ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɪɭɫɥɨ ɪɟɤɢ
ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɪɟɤɢ
ɞɨɥɢɧɚ ɪɟɤɢ
ɩɪɢɬɨɤ
ɫɥɢɹɧɢɟ
ɨɡɟɪɨ - ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ ɨɡɟɪɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɡɟɪɚ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɨɡɟɪɚ
ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ
ɩɪɭɞ
ɩɪɨɥɢɜ
ɤɚɧɚɥ
200
ɛɭɯɬɚ
ɡɚɥɢɜ
ɦɨɪɟ
ɨɤɟɚɧ
ɨɫɬɪɨɜ
ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜ
ɚɪɯɢɩɟɥɚɝ
Ɋɟɤɢ
ȼ Ⱥɪɦɟɧɢɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 9480 ɦɚɥɵɯ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɪɟɤ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ 379 ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɥɢɧɭ 10 ɤɦ ɢ
ɛɨɥɟɟ. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ 23 000 ɤɦ.
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Ɋɟɤɢ ɛɭɪɧɵɟ, ɩɨɪɨɠɢɫɬɵɟ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ, ɧɟɫɭɞɨɯɨɞɧɵɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ,
ɬɟɤɭɬ ɩɨ ɭɡɤɢɦ ɭɳɟɥɶɹɦ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɞɨ 300—400 ɦ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɟ (ɫɧɟɝɨɜɨ-ɞɨɠɞɟɜɨɟ-ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɟ) ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ: ɜɟɫɧɨɣ
ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɞɶɟ; ɥɟɬɨɦ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ, ɟɺ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɫɬɨɤ ɪɟɤ
ɋɟɜɞɠɭɪ, Ⱥɯɭɪɹɧ ɢ Ɋɚɡɞɚɧ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɪɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɨɟ ɢ ɨɡɺɪɧɨɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ.
Ɉɡɺɪɚ
Ɉɡɟɪɨ ɋɟɜɚɧ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɟ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɲɢɪɢɧɭ 72,5 ɤɦ ɢ ɞɥɢɧɭ 376 ɤɦ,
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ Ⱥɪɦɟɧɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ
Ɂɚɤɚɜɤɚɡɶɟ. Ɉɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɦɟɠɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɬɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɟ 2070 ɦ ɧɚɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ
ɦɨɪɹ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɋɟɜɚɧɚ, ɜ Ⱥɪɦɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ 100 ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɨɡɺɪ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɺɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ
300 ɦɥɧ ɦ³. ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɨɡɺɪ ɫɧɟɝɨɞɨɠɞɟɜɨɟ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɪɚɜɧɢɧɧɨɟ ɨɡɟɪɨ Ⱥɣɝɟɪɥɢɱ, ɩɢɬɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.
(http://www.triumftour.ru/armenia/9962/9964.htm)
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31. ȽɈɊɈȾ
- ɞɪɟɜɧɢɣ
- ɫɬɚɪɢɧɧɵɣ
- ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
- ɧɨɜɵɣ
- ɦɨɥɨɞɨɣ
- ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ
- ɤɪɭɩɧɵɣ
- ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ
- ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ
- ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ
- ɫɤɭɱɧɵɣ
- ɭɧɵɥɵɣ
- ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ
- ɭɸɬɧɵɣ
- ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
- ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ, ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɣ, ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɣ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɬɭɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ
- ɰɟɧɬɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɫɩɨɪɬɚ...
ɚɤɜɟɞɭɤ
ɚɥɬɚɪɶ
ɚɦɮɢɬɟɚɬɪ
ɚɪɟɧɚ
ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ
ɛɚɡɢɥɢɤɚ
ɛɚɲɧɹ
ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ
ɜɢɬɪɚɠɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ
ɜɨɪɨɬɚ
ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɟ (ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɧɵɟ) ɫɬɟɧɵ
ɦɨɝɢɥɚ
ɞɜɨɪ
203
ɞɜɨɪɟɰ
ɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɤɚɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɦ
ɤɚɬɚɤɨɦɛɵ
ɤɚɮɟɞɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɨɛɨɪ
ɤɢɪɩɢɱ
ɤɥɚɞɛɢɳɟ
ɤɨɥɨɞɟɰ
ɤɨɥɨɤɨɥɶɧɹ
ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚ
ɤɨɫɬɟɥ
ɤɨɫɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɚɲɧɹ
ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɶ
ɤɪɵɥɨ
ɤɪɵɲɚ
ɤɭɩɨɥ
ɦɚɜɡɨɥɟɣ
ɦɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ
ɦɢɧɚɪɟɬ
ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɶ
ɦɪɚɦɨɪ
ɧɚɞɝɪɨɛɢɟ
ɧɟɮ
ɨɛɟɥɢɫɤ
ɨɛɫɟɪɜɚɬɨɪɢɹ
ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ
ɩɟɫɱɚɧɢɤ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ
ɩɨɪɬɚɥ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ
ɪɚɡɜɚɥɢɧɵ
ɪɚɬɭɲɚ
ɪɨɜ
ɫɚɪɤɨɮɚɝ
ɫɜɹɬɵɧɹ
ɫɢɧɚɝɨɝɚ
ɫɬɚɬɭɹ
ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ
ɬɪɢɭɦɮɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɪɤɚ
ɭɫɚɞɶɛɚ
ɮɚɫɚɞ
ɮɨɧɬɚɧ
ɯɪɚɦ
ɱɚɫɨɜɧɹ
204
ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟ.
Ʉɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ
205
ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ Ɇ. Ɏ. Ʉɚɡɚɤɨɜɚ. Ɉɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɟ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɫ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɨɣ, ɨɤɪɭɠɺɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɩɟɬɨɦ, ɢ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɟɣ.
Ʉ ɤɨɧɰɭ XVII ɜɟɤɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɨ. ȼ 1697 ɝɨɞɭ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɛɵɥ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɺɧ Ɇɨɧɟɬɧɵɣ ɞɜɨɪ, ɜ 1699 ɝɨɞɭ -
Ɂɟɦɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɢɤɚɡ, ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ - Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɚɩɬɟɤɚ. ȼ 1755 ɝɨɞɭ ɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɢ Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɚɩɬɟɤɢ
ɨɬɤɪɵɥɫɹ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ.
ȼ 1786 ɝɨɞɭ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ Ⱦɠ. Ʉɜɚɪɟɧɝɢ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɤɪɟɦɥɺɜɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɵ
ɛɵɥɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ. ɗɬɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ 1812 ɝɨɞɚ, ɛɵɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɟɧɨ ɜ 1814-1815 ɝɨɞɚɯ, ɚ ɜ 1818 ɝɨɞɭ
ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɢɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɝɟɪɨɹɦ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɟɧɰɢɟɣ Ʉɨɡɶɦɟ
Ɇɢɧɢɧɭ ɢ ɤɧɹɡɸ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɸ ɉɨɠɚɪɫɤɨɦɭ. ȼ 1930 ɝɨɞɭ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɤɭɥɶɩɬɨɪɚ
ɂ. Ɇɚɪɬɨɫɚ ɛɵɥ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɧɭɬ ɤ ɉɨɤɪɨɜɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɛɨɪɭ.
Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɫɹ ɨɛɥɢɤ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ XIX ɜɟɤɚ. ȼ 1875-1881
ɝɨɞɚɯ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ, ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ Ɂɟɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɚ, ɛɵɥɨ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ ȼ. ɒɟɪɜɭɞɚ, ɚ ɜ 1889-1893 ɝɨɞɚɯ -
ȼɟɪɯɧɢɟ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ (ɧɵɧɟ - ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ȽɍɆɚ) ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ Ⱥ. ɉɨɦɟɪɚɧɰɟɜɚ. ɗɬɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɫɬɢɥɟ, ɩɟɪɟɤɥɢɤɚɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɫ ɛɚɲɧɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɬɟɧɚɦɢ
Ʉɪɟɦɥɹ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɫɚɦɛɥɹ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɛɵɥ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɭɠɟ ɫ
ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ, ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ Ʉɪɟɦɥɸ, ɫɬɚɥɚ
ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɟɺ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɨ ɫ
ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ. ɋ 1918 ɝɨɞɚ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɧɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɚɪɚɞɵ ɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɭɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɢɫɶ ɩɚɪɚɞ 7
ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 1941 ɝɨɞɚ, ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɫ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɭɸ, ɢ ɩɚɪɚɞ
ɉɨɛɟɞɵ 24 ɢɸɧɹ 1945 ɝɨɞɚ.
ȼ 1924 ɝɨɞɭ ɧɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɪɟɦɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɨɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ Ⱥ. ɓɭɫɟɜɚ
ɛɵɥ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɣ Ɇɚɜɡɨɥɟɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɯɨɪɨɧɢɥɢ Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ. ȼ 1929-1930 ɝɨɞɚɯ
Ɇɚɜɡɨɥɟɣ ɛɵɥ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɜ ɤɚɦɧɟ, ɚ ɜ 1930-1931 ɝɨɞɚɯ ɧɚɞ Ɇɚɜɡɨɥɟɟɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ
ɬɪɢɛɭɧɵ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɠɟ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɤɪɟɦɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɜɵɫɚɞɢɥɢ ɟɥɢ, ɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ
ɩɨɤɪɵɥɢ ɛɪɭɫɱɚɬɤɨɣ.
(http://www.moscow-hotels-russia.com/rus/red_pl.htm)
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
206
Ƚɨɪɨɞ-ɤɭɪɨɪɬ Ƚɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤ
207
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ
ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɭɞɧɵɯ.
Ɉɤɚɡɚɜɲɢɫɶ ɜ Ƚɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤɟ, ɜɵ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬɟ ɪɚɡɨɱɚɪɨɜɚɧɵ. ɑɟɪɟɲɧɹ, ɚɛɪɢɤɨɫɵ, ɩɟɪɫɢɤɢ,
ɫɥɢɜɵ, ɢɧɠɢɪ, ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɥɟɩɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɪɬɨɜ — ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɪɚɫɬɺɬ ɜ Ƚɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤɟ
ɢ Ƚɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ, ɢ ɜ ɢɡɨɛɢɥɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɚɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ƚɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤɚ.
ɇɟɡɚɛɵɜɚɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɝɭɥɤɢ ɩɨ ɜɟɱɟɪɧɟɣ ɧɚɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɣ. ɇɟɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɞɫɜɟɬɤɚ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɰ,
ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɨɜ, ɛɚɪɨɜ, ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ, ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɺɬ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɹɪɤɨɝɨ, ɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɚ. ɍɠɢɧ ɜ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɟ ɫ ɛɨɤɚɥɨɦ ɝɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɚ, ɜɩɢɬɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ
ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɣ ɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ, ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ.
ɇɟɨɛɵɱɟɧ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ Ƚɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤɚ. ɋɚɦɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɺɧɧɨɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ —
ɩɢɰɭɧɞɫɤɚɹ ɫɨɫɧɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɚ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɡɞɨɪɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɚ ɰɜɟɬɭɳɚɹ ɥɟɬɨɦ ɚɤɚɰɢɹ. ȿɺ ɪɨɡɨɜɵɟ, ɩɭɲɢɫɬɵɟ
ɢ ɞɭɲɢɫɬɵɟ ɰɜɟɬɵ ɩɪɢɞɚɸɬ ɝɨɪɨɞɭ ɷɤɡɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɢɞ.
ɑɺɪɧɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ — ɫɚɦɨɟ ɬɺɩɥɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɚ ɜ Ƚɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤɫɤɨɣ ɛɭɯɬɟ ɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɦɨɪɟ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɧɟ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɜɨɥɧ. Ⱦɚɠɟ ɜ ɧɟɩɨɝɨɞɭ, ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɧɚ ɦɨɪɟ ɛɭɲɭɟɬ ɲɬɨɪɦ, ɜ ɛɭɯɬɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɭɩɚɬɶɫɹ. Ʌɟɬɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɝɥɚɞɤɚɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɩɥɹɠɚɯ Ƚɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɬɞɵɯɚɬɶ ɫ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɦɢ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɟɳɺ ɧɟ ɭɦɟɸɬ ɩɥɚɜɚɬɶ.
(http://www.turanapa.ru/index-gelendgik.html)
Ȼ) Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
1. ɑɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ Ƚɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤ ɬɭɪɢɫɬɚɦ, ɤɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ
ɨɬɞɵɯ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɭɪɨɪɬɟ?
2. ɉɨ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɤɥɢɦɚɬ Ƚɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤɚ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɢɡɟɦɧɨɦɨɪɫɤɨɦɭ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɭ?
3. ȼ ɱɟɦ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤɫɤɨɣ ɛɭɯɬɵ?
4. ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɞɨɥɶɦɟɧɵ ɢ ɱɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨ ɧɢɯ ɭɡɧɚɬɶ ɬɭɪɢɫɬɵ?
5. Ʉɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ Ƚɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɜɟɱɟɪ?
6. Ʉɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ ɝɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤɫɤɢɟ ɪɵɧɤɢ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ?
7. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ Ƚɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤ ɞɟɬɹɦ?
8. ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɝɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ?
9. ɑɬɨ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɜ Ƚɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤɟ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ?
10. ɑɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɬɭɪɢɫɬɚɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ Ƚɟɥɟɧɞɠɢɤɚ?
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Ɂ) ȿɫɬɶ ɤɚɤɨɟ-ɬɨ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɪɨɞ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɛɵ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɶ? ɉɨ ɤɚɤɨɣ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ?
209
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
Mesto Levoþa sa prvý krát spomína v 1249 roku. Nachádza sa v Prešovskom kraji na severe
východného Slovenska asi 50 km od krajského mesta Prešov. Leží v kotline rieky Hornád na
južnom úpätí Levoþských vrchov. Patrí medzi najvýznamnejšie historické mestá na území
Slovenska. Historické jadro mesta bolo v 1950 roku vyhlásené za mestskú pamiatkovú
rezerváciu. Hradobný systém v meste je takmer kompletne zachovaný, z 15 bášt sa však
zachovalo len 6, z þoho 3 sú zároveĖ bránami do mesta. K najznámejším pamiatkam mesta
patrí nepochybne kostol chrám sv. Jakuba s najväþším dreveným oltárom na svete - dielom
Majstra Pavla. Mesto má veĐké stredoveké námestie s množstvom renesanþných domov.
V súþasnosti žije v meste približne 14, 5 tisíc obyvateĐov. SúþasĢou mesta sú aj 4 mestské
þasti, ktorých výstavba sa zaþala po 2. svetovej vojne.
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9) ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬ ɨɩɵɬɵ, _________________ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ.
Ⱥ) ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ
Ȼ) ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ
ȼ) ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ
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Ɉɬ ɩɨɞɱɺɪɤɧɭɬɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ, ɩɪɢɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɦɢ.
Ɍɚɦ ɭɠɟ ɫ ɥɢɲɧɢɦ ɝɨɞ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɤɟ ɤɧɢɝɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɹ ɤɭɩɢɥ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ.
Ⱦɨ ɧɨɝ ɪɵɛɚɤɚ ɞɨɩɥɵɥɚ ɩɨ ɪɟɤɟ ɛɭɬɵɥɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɤɬɨ-ɬɨ ɛɪɨɫɢɥ ɬɭɞɚ.
ɉɨɞɪɭɠɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɫ ɜɨɞɤɨɣ, ɜ ɛɚɪɟ ɫɢɞɢɬ ɦɭɠɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɥɚ ɟɝɨ ɠɟɧɚ.
Ɉɬ ɝɨɥɨɞɚ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɨɛɚɱɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜ ɥɟɫɭ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ Ⱥɪɤɚɞɢɣ ɉɟɬɪɨɜɢɱ.
ɇɚ ɫɬɨɥɟ ɜɨɡɥɟ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɥɨɜɹɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɥɞɚɬɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɬɭɞɚ ɤɬɨ-ɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ.
ɇɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɢɞɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥ, ɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ.
ɂɡ ɬɟɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɫɥɚɥɢ ɜ ɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɜ ɋɢɛɢɪɶ, ɧɟɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɜɟɪɧɭɥɢɫɶ ɧɚɡɚɞ.
Ⱦɜɟɪɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɭ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɜɨɲɥɢ ɥɸɞɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɢɤɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɥ.
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Ɂɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɦɢ.
213
32. ɆɂɊ ɄȺɊɌɂɇɕ ɂɅɂ ɂɇɌȿɊɉɊȿɌȺɐɂə ȼɂɁɍȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ
ɉɊɈɂɁȼȿȾȿɇɂə
ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ
ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲ ɥɢɧɢɹ - ɩɥɚɜɧɚɹ, ɝɢɛɤɚɹ, ɪɟɡɤɚɹ, ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ,
ɩɟɪɨ ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɚɹ, ɧɚɩɨɪɢɫɬɚɹ, ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɚɹ,
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɚɹ...
ɤɢɫɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɵ ɤɢɫɬɢ
ɭɝɨɥɶ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɟ ɩɹɬɧɨ
ɬɭɲ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɢ, ɧɸɚɧɫɵ
ɝɭɚɲɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɤɢɫɬɶɸ, ɭɝɥɟɦ, ɬɭɲɶɸ, ɝɭɚɲɶɸ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɨɣ,
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ ɦɚɫɥɨɦ
ɚɤɜɚɪɟɥɶ
ɦɚɫɥɨ
ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ
ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ
ɛɚɪɟɥɶɟɮ
ɛɪɨɧɡɚ
ɛɸɫɬ
ɜɢɬɪɚɠ
ɝɪɚɜɸɪɚ ɧɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɟ
ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɶ
ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɟɰ
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ɢɤɨɧɚ
ɢɤɨɧɨɩɢɫɟɰ
ɢɤɨɧɨɩɢɫɶ
ɢɤɨɧɨɫɬɚɫ
ɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɚ
ɤɨɩɢɹ
ɤɪɟɫɬ
ɥɢɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ
ɦɨɡɚɢɤɚ
ɦɨɧɭɦɟɧɬ
ɧɚɛɪɨɫɨɤ
ɧɚɫɬɟɧɧɚɹ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɶ
ɩɥɚɤɚɬ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨɡɨɥɨɬɧɨɟ ɞɟɥɨ
ɪɟɡɶɛɚ
ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ
ɫɤɭɥɶɩɬɨɪ
ɫɤɭɥɶɩɬɭɪɚ
ɫɧɢɦɨɤ
ɫɬɚɬɭɹ
ɬɪɚɮɚɪɟɬɧɚɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ
ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ
ɮɪɟɫɤɚ
ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ
ɲɟɞɟɜɪ
ɛɭɦɚɝɚ ɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɝɟ
ɤɚɪɬɨɧ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɧɟ
ɯɨɥɫɬ ɧɚ ɯɨɥɫɬɟ
ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɧɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɟ
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ
ɩɥɚɧɵ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ - ɩɟɪɜɵɣ - ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ, ɰɟɧɬɪ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ, ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɬɢɜ
ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ, ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɚ
ɜɬɨɪɨɣ - ɮɨɧ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ
ɜ ɥɟɜɨɣ, ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ; ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ, ɧɚɥɟɜɨ
ɜɜɟɪɯɭ, ɜɧɢɡɭ, ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ, ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ, ɜɨɡɥɟ, ɜɞɨɥɶ, ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ
215
ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɝɨ-ɬɨ (ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɢ, ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ...)
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ
ɡɚɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɬɶ (ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ, ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ, ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ...)
ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ
ɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ
ɫɨɡɟɪɰɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ, ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ, ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ
216
ɫɬɢɥɶ ɦɨɞɟɪɧ
ɫɸɪɪɟɚɥɢɡɦ
ɷɤɥɟɤɬɢɤɚ
ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɨɧɢɡɦ
ɹɡɵɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ
ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟ.
ɋɭɪɢɤɨɜ ȼɚɫɢɥɢɣ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɢɱ (1848–1916), ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ, ɦɚɫɬɟɪ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ; ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɥ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɦɚɧɬɢɡɦɚ ɫ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɧɵɦ
ɧɨɜɚɬɨɪɫɬɜɨɦ. Ɋɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɟ 12 (24) ɹɧɜɚɪɹ 1848 ɝ. ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɤɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɥɭɠɚɳɟɝɨ, ɜɵɯɨɞɰɚ ɢɡ ɫɬɚɪɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɡɚɱɶɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ. ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɭ
ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɇ.ȼ.Ƚɪɟɛɧɟɜɚ. ȼ 1868 ɝ. ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, ɝɞɟ ɜ 1869 ɝ.
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɥ ɜ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɸ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜ; ɨɤɨɧɱɢɜ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɸ ɜ 1875 ɝ., ɫ 1877 ɝ. ɠɢɥ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ.
ȼ 1880–1890-ɟ ɝɝ. ɩɨɫɟɬɢɥ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɸ, ɂɬɚɥɢɸ ɢ ɪɹɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ. ɍɠɟ ɜ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɚɫɬɟɪ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ-ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ. ɉɟɪɟɟɡɞ
ɦɨɥɨɞɨɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɭ, ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɪɢɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ
«ɩɟɪɜɨɩɪɟɫɬɨɥɶɧɨɣ» ɫɵɝɪɚɥɢ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɲɟɞɟɜɪɚ ɜ
ɫɟɪɢɢ ɤɚɪɬɢɧ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɬɟɦɭ "ɍɬɪɨ ɫɬɪɟɥɟɰɤɨɣ ɤɚɡɧɢ». ɋɜɨɣ ɞɚɪ ɜɵɞɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ
ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɰɚ-ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɚ ɋɭɪɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚɯ "Ɇɟɧɲɢɤɨɜ ɜ Ȼɟɪɟɡɨɜɟ" (1883) ɢ
"Ȼɨɹɪɵɧɹ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ" (1887).
«Ȼɨɹɪɵɧɹ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ»
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ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɥɺɧɧɚɹ ɠɢɜɵɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ, ɜɨɫɫɬɚɸɬ ɧɟɜɟɞɨɦɵɟ ɞɭɲɟɜɧɵɟ ɫɢɥɵ. ȼɵɫɨɤɨ
ɩɨɞɧɹɬɚɹ ɜ ɠɟɫɬɟ ɤɥɹɬɜɵ ɪɭɤɚ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɨɣ, ɟɟ ɛɟɫɤɪɨɜɧɨɟ ɮɚɧɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ, ɫɥɨɜɚ
ɫɬɪɨɝɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɳɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɟɬɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɬɨɥɩɭ.
ȼ ɫɚɦɨɣ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɟɟ ɥɸɞɹɯ ɧɚɲɥɢ ɹɪɤɨɟ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ ɞɭɲɟɜɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ
ɠɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɚɯ.
Ʉɨɥɨɪɢɬ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɵɦ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɋɭɪɢɤɨɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɧ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɤɚɪɬɢɧ. ȼɫɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ, ɢɡ ɤɨɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ — ɫɚɦɚɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɚɹ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ — ɧɟɛɨ,
ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ — ɩɥɨɬɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɢ ɮɢɝɭɪ ɧɚ ɬɺɦɧɨɦ ɮɨɧɟ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ; ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ,
ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ — ɫɧɟɝ. ɇɟɛɨ ɢ ɫɧɟɝ — ɫɚɦɵɟ ɫɜɟɬɥɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ, ɥɸɞɢ ɢ ɫɬɟɧɵ
ɰɟɪɤɜɢ — ɫɚɦɵɟ ɬɟɦɧɵɟ. ȼ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɥɵɦɢ ɩɹɬɧɚɦɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ. ɇɟɛɨ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɢ ɫɧɟɝ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɸ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɢɤɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɤɪɚɫɤɚɦɢ. ɋɧɟɝ — ɧɟ ɛɟɥɵɣ. Ɉɧ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚɦɢ ɧɟɛɚ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɧɺɦ ɧɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɜɚɬɵɦɢ ɢ ɪɨɡɨɜɚɬɵɦɢ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɚɦɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ
ɫɥɟɞɚɯ, ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɩɵɬɚɦɢ ɥɨɲɚɞɢ, ɢ ɜ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɟɹɯ.
Ɂɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɭɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɠɟɦɱɭɝ, ɨɧɢ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɸɬ ɢ
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɫɜɟɬ. ɗɬɚ ɠɟɦɱɭɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɚ ɜ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰɚɯ. ȿɺ
ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɛɜɟɬɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɨɫɧɹɳɚɹɫɹ ɤɨɠɚ ɬɚɬɚɪɢɧɚ, ɫɬɪɚɧɧɢɤɚ, ɜɟɬɯɚɹ, ɫɦɨɪɳɟɧɧɚɹ
ɤɨɠɚ ɩɨɩɚ. ɇɨ ɧɚ ɥɢɰɚɯ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɟɳɺ ɢ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɜɚɬɵɟ, ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɧɟɛɚ. ȼɫɟ
ɷɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɥɢɰ ɜ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ.
ɋɚɦɚ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ ɨɞɟɬɚ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɭɸ ɱɺɪɧɭɸ ɛɚɪɯɚɬɧɭɸ ɲɭɛɭ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɱɺɪɧɨɦ ɮɨɧɟ
ɛɥɢɫɬɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɛɟɥɢɡɧɨɣ ɥɢɰɨ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɟɺ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɚɹ ɪɭɤɚ. ɀɟɥɬɨɜɚɬɚɹ
ɥɨɦɤɚɹ ɢ ɤɨɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɨɥɨɦɚ, ɡɚɫɬɢɥɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɚɧɢ, ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɢɧɟɜɭ ɢ
ɛɚɪɯɚɬɢɫɬɭɸ ɮɚɤɬɭɪɭ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɨɣ. ȼɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ ɧɟɬ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ
ɩɹɬɧɚ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɥɢɰ ɬɨɥɩɵ ɧɟɬ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ,
ɤɚɤ ɥɢɰɨ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɨɣ. Ɂɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɧɟɝ ɢ ɧɟɛɨ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɜɟɬɥɵɟ, ɧɨ
ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɦ ɬɨɧɟ, ɧɟ ɭɛɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɢɥɵ ɥɢɰɚ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɨɣ. Ɏɢɝɭɪɚ
Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɝɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ.
ɋɭɪɢɤɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ ɜ «Ȼɨɹɪɵɧɟ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɨɣ» ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɥɢɰɚɯ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ. ɉɨɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɬ. ȼ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɟ
ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ. ȼ
ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚɯ ɋɭɪɢɤɨɜɚ, ɢ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ «Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɨɣ», ɧɟɬ ɛɟɡɥɢɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɨɜ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɺɧɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɋɭɪɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɥɢɤɟ, ɫɜɹɡɚɜ ɫ ɱɟɪɬɚɦɢ
ɧɚɪɨɞɚ, ɨɬɧɟɫɹɫɶ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɫ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɪɟɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɥɸɛɨɜɶɸ.
(http://artclassic.edu.ru/catalog.asp?ob_no=19317&cat_ob_no=)
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
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9. Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɠɢɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ?
10. ɑɟɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ ɢɡ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ?
11. Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɋɭɪɢɤɨɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ?
12. Ʉɚɤ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɜ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ?
13. ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ, ɨ ɱɺɦ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɋɭɪɢɤɨɜɚ «ɍɬɪɨ ɫɬɪɟɥɟɰɤɨɣ ɤɚɡɧɢ»?
14. Ʉɚɤɢɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɨɜ, ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɬɟɧ, ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ?
Ɉ ɱɟɦ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɢɯ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ?
15. Ʉɬɨ ɜɚɲ ɥɸɛɢɦɵɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ? ɑɬɨ ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɨ ɧɺɦ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ? Ʉɚɤɢɦɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦɢ ɨɧ ɩɪɨɫɥɚɜɢɥɫɹ ɢ ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ?
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ.
1) Surikov si vybral pre svoj obraz historický námet zo 17. storoþia, obdobie, kedy sa
násilne presadzovala cirkevná reforma patriarcha Nikona.
2) Obraz má jedno výrazné kompoziþné centrum, ktorým je samotná Morozovová, okolo
ktorej sa zhromaždil zástup Đudí.
3) V obraze sa odzrkadlili typické ruské Đudové þrty, ktoré sú badateĐné aj v obraze
Morozovovej.
4) V strednej þasti obrazu sa vynímajú svetlé Đudské tváre, najjasnejšou z nich je však
tvár bojarky.
5) Na þiernom pozadí obleþenia doslova žiari tvár Morozovovej, ktorá je dokonca
svetlejšia ako biele nebo a sneh.
6) Surikovovi sa v obraze podarilo dosiahnuĢ mimoriadny expresívny výraz, vćaka
použitým farbám a kompozícii obrazu.
7) Každá zobrazená tvár má výrazné individuálne þrty, þo dokazuje, že Surikov pracoval
nad každou postavou, nad každým charakterom.
219
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɟɦ ɫ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɨɣ
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɨ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɥɚɧ:
220
33. ɗɄɈɅɈȽɂə
ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ - ɬɪɚɜɵ
- ɤɭɫɬɵ
- ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ - ɥɟɫɚ - ɯɜɨɣɧɵɟ
ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ
ɫɬɟɩɶ
ɩɨɥɭɫɬɟɩɶ
ɩɭɫɬɵɧɹ
ɬɚɣɝɚ
ɬɭɧɞɪɚ
ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ – ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ - ɛɟɪɟɡɚ, ɢɜɚ, ɚɤɚɰɢɹ, ɬɨɩɨɥɶ, ɨɪɟɯ (ɝɪɟɰɤɢɣ), ɛɭɤ, ɞɭɛ, ɤɥɺɧ,
ɥɢɩɚ, ɪɹɛɢɧɚ, ɹɛɥɨɧɹ, ɝɪɚɛ, ɝɪɭɲɚ, ɫɥɢɜɚ, ɱɟɪɟɲɧɹ, ɜɢɲɧɹ, ɹɫɟɧɶ, ɨɥɶɯɚ, ɤɚɲɬɚɧ
(ɫɴɟɞɨɛɧɵɣ, ɞɢɤɢɣ), ɫɢɪɟɧɶ
ɯɜɨɣɧɵɟ (ɯɜɨɹ, ɢɝɨɥɤɚ) – ɫɨɫɧɚ, ɟɥɶ, ɩɢɯɬɚ, ɬɭɹ, ɬɢɫ, ɫɬɥɚɧɧɢɤ
ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤɢ – ɫɦɨɪɨɞɢɧɚ, ɲɢɩɨɜɧɢɤ, ɤɪɵɠɨɜɧɢɤ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ - ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɟ – ɦɭɯɚ, ɤɨɦɚɪ, ɨɫɚ, ɩɱɟɥɚ, ɲɦɟɥɶ, ɠɭɤ, ɩɚɭɤ, ɫɬɪɟɤɨɡɚ,
ɬɚɪɚɤɚɧ, ɲɟɪɲɟɧɶ
ɦɨɥɥɸɫɤɢ – ɭɥɢɬɤɚ, ɪɚɤɭɲɤɚ
ɪɵɛɵ – ɤɚɪɩ, ɟɪɲ, ɮɨɪɟɥɶ, ɫɺɦɝɚ, ɨɫɺɬɪ, ɳɭɤɚ, ɨɤɭɧɶ, ɫɟɥɺɞɤɚ,
ɚɤɭɥɚ, ɭɝɨɪɶ, ɬɪɟɫɤɚ…
ɚɦɮɢɛɢɢ (ɡɟɦɧɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ) – ɥɹɝɭɲɤɚ, ɠɚɛɚ, ɫɚɥɚɦɚɧɞɪɚ
ɩɪɟɫɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ – ɡɦɟɹ, ɤɪɨɤɨɞɢɥ, ɹɳɟɪɢɰɚ, ɱɟɪɟɩɚɯɚ
ɩɬɢɰɵ – ɜɨɪɨɛɟɣ, ɝɨɥɭɛɶ, ɞɪɨɡɞ, ɫɨɪɨɤɚ, ɜɨɪɨɧ, ɜɨɪɨɧɚ, ɫɢɧɢɰɚ,
ɫɨɤɨɥ, ɹɫɬɪɟɛ, ɨɪɟɥ, ɩɚɜɥɢɧ, ɥɚɫɬɨɱɤɚ, ɤɭɪɨɩɚɬɤɚ,
ɩɟɪɟɩɟɥɢɰɚ, ɤɭɪɢɰɚ, ɝɭɫɶ, ɭɬɤɚ – ɫɟɥɟɡɟɧɶ, ɢɧɞɸɤ –
ɢɧɞɟɣɤɚ, ɤɭɪɢɰɚ ɩɟɬɭɯ...
ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɟ - ɠɢɜɨɪɨɞɹɳɢɟ
ɹɣɰɟɤɥɚɞɭɳɢɟ
ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɛɟɫɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɵɟ
ɬɪɚɜɨɹɞɧɵɟ
ɩɥɨɬɨɹɞɧɵɟ
ɜɫɟɹɞɧɵɟ
ɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɚɞɚɥɶɸ
ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɢɤɢɟ
- ɤɨɪɨɜɚ-ɛɵɤ-ɬɟɥɺɧɨɤ
- ɥɨɲɚɞɶ-ɠɟɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ
- ɨɫɟɥ-ɨɫɥɺɧɨɤ
-ɨɜɰɚ-ɛɚɪɚɧ-ɹɝɧɺɧɨɤ
-ɤɨɡɚ-ɤɨɡɟɥ-ɤɨɡɥɺɧɨɤ
-ɫɨɛɚɤɚ (ɩɺɫ)-ɳɟɧɨɤ
-ɜɨɥɤ-ɜɨɥɱɢɰɚ-ɜɨɥɱɨɧɨɤ
221
-ɦɟɞɜɟɞɶ-ɦɟɞɜɟɞɢɰɚ-ɦɟɞɜɟɠɨɧɨɤ
ɥɨɫɶ, ɥɚɧɶ – ɨɥɟɧɶ, ɤɨɫɭɥɹ, ɡɚɹɰ, ɤɪɨɥɢɤ, ɛɚɪɫɭɤ, ɥɚɫɤɚ,
ɥɢɫɚ, ɤɭɧɢɰɚ, ɤɪɵɫɚ, ɦɵɲɶ, ɫɭɫɥɢɤ, ɫɭɪɨɤ, ɛɟɥɤɚ...
ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɨ
ɩɨɪɨɞɚ
ɝɪɵɡɭɧɵ
ɯɢɳɧɢɤɢ
ɠɜɚɱɧɵɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢɦɚɬɵ
ɩɚɪɧɨɤɨɩɵɬɧɵɟ
ɧɟɩɚɪɧɨɤɨɩɵɬɧɵɟ
ɫɬɚɹ
ɫɜɨɪɚ
ɬɚɛɭɧ
ɨɛɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɠɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ – ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ – ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ – ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɬɶ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɯɨɬɚ – ɨɯɨɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ
ɧɭɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ – ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɪɨɡɨɣ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ
ɭɱɟɫɬɶ – ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɛɥɸɫɬɢ – ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɡɚɤɨɧɵ
ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ – ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɚɬɶ – ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ
ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɶ – ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɬɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɬɶ – ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɬɶ – ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɶ – ɧɚɪɭɲɚɬɶ – ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ – ɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ – ɜɪɟɞ
ɧɚɧɟɫɬɢ – ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɞ
ɡɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ – ɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶ – ɡɚɳɢɬɚ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ – ɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ – ɨɯɪɚɧɚ
ɫɛɟɪɟɱɶ (ɭɛɟɪɟɱɶ) - ɛɟɪɟɱɶ
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ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɛɪɚɤɨɧɶɟɪɫɬɜɨ – ɛɪɚɤɨɧɶɟɪ – ɛɪɚɤɨɧɶɟɪɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɨɬɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɝɚɡɵ
ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ
ɨɬɯɨɞɵ – ɦɭɫɨɪ – ɫɜɚɥɤɚ
ɡɚɩɵɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ (ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ)
ɪɚɞɢɚɰɢɹ
ɤɢɫɥɵɟ ɜɨɞɵ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ
ɨɡɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɞɵɪɚ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɡɨɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ
ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɟ ɩɹɬɧɨ – ɭɬɟɱɤɚ ɧɟɮɬɢ, ɭɬɟɱɤɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ - ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (CO2)
- ɨɤɢɫɢ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ(CO)
- ɚɡɨɬɚ (N2)
ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɟ ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ – ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɵ
- ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɟ - ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɟɦɥɟɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɟ ɜ _____ ɛɚɥɥɨɜ ɩɨ ɲɤɚɥɟ Ɋɢɯɬɟɪɚ
- ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɟ – ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ, ɜɨɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ, ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ
ɜɨɞɵ
- ɩɨɠɚɪ – ɝɨɪɟɬɶ – ɫɝɨɪɟɬɶ, ɠɟɱɶ – ɩɨɞɠɟɱɶ – ɩɨɞɠɢɝɚɬɶ, ɩɨɞɠɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ
- ɜɭɥɤɚɧ – ɜɡɨɪɜɚɬɶɫɹ – ɜɡɪɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ
- ɜɭɥɤɚɧ, ɬɨɪɧɚɞɨ, ɰɢɤɥɨɧ, ɰɭɧɚɦɢ
ɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤ
(ɨɫɨɛɨ) ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ
ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɚɪɤ
Ɂɨɨɩɚɪɤɢ: Ɉɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ, ɫɤɨɪɟɟ, ɚɬɬɪɚɤɰɢɨɧɨɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɸɬ?
Ɂɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɢ: Ʉɚɤɨɣ, ɫ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɟɪɚ ɢɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ? Ⱦɨɥɠɧɵ ɥɢ
ɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɬɭɪɢɫɬɨɜ?
ɐɢɪɤ: ɗɬɨ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ, ɦɟɫɬɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɠɢɜɭɬ ɜɨ
ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ?
Ⱦɨɦɚɲɧɢɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɟ: ɗɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ
ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ?
Ɉɯɨɬɚ: ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ
ɷɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɥɨɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ?
Ʉɥɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ: ɗɬɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɦɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɩɢɳɢ ɢɥɢ
ɨɩɚɫɧɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ ɫ ɨɝɧɟɦ?
ȼɵɪɭɛɤɚ ɥɟɫɨɜ, ɡɚɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɚɦɢ: ɗɬɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɡɚɪɚɠɺɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ
ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ, ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɚ?
Ⱥɬɨɦɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ: ɗɬɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɚɹ
ɭɝɪɨɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ?
223
ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟ.
ɑɟɪɧɨɛɵɥɶ
77
ɉɨɥɟɲɭɤɢ – ɠɢɬɟɥɢ ɉɨɥɟɫɶɹ
224
Ⱥɜɚɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɑɟɪɧɨɛɵɥɟ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɚɬɨɦɚ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɪɢɪɭɱɢɥ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ. ɇɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɨ
ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɨɞɢɧɧɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɨɦɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɡɨɪɜɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɚɩɪɟɥɟ 1986 ɝɨɞɚ.
ɇɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɚɬɨɦɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ Ɋɨɫɫɢɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ
ɥɢɲɶ ɧɚ 16% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɲɢɟ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɚ 60 ɥɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ
ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɬɨɠɟ ɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ.
(http://www.ecologylife.ru/news/v-smi-opyat-podnimaetsya-vopros-o-posledstviyah-avarii-v-
chernobyile-i-perspektivah-atomnoy-energetiki.html)
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
225
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɶ – ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɬɶ – ɱɬɨ – ɫɥɨɜɨ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɜ ɪɟɱɢ
Ɉɧ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɞɤɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɷɬɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ.
226
Ʉɚɤ ɜɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɫɶ ɤ ɩɥɚɧɚɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɰɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɨɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɤɚ «ȼɵɫɨɤɢɟ Ɍɚɬɪɵ»?
Príroda Slovenska patrí bezpochyby medzi najkrajšie v Európe. Listnaté a ihliþnaté lesy nám
môžu iné krajiny závidieĢ. Ale þlovek ju svojou þinnosĢou vážne narušuje. Priemysel,
ĐahostajnosĢ Đudí k problémom ekológie spôsobujú, že na Slovensku je þoraz menej
niektorých druhov živoþíchov a rastlín a mnohé už vymreli. Je to problém, ktorý sa dotýka
nielen Slovenska, ale aj ostatných krajín. Globálne oteplenie, skleníkový efekt, ozónová diera
sú príþinou mnohých prírodných katastrof, pri ktorých zomierajú nielen rastliny a živoþíchy,
ale aj Đudia. Závody vypúšĢajú do vzduchu nebezpeþné plyny, do riek a jazier odpadové
vody. Ale aj obyþajní Đudia škodia prírode. Odpad sa nachádza skoro všade, skládky sú
v lesoch, v mestách v riekach.
227
34. ɎɂɅɖɆ ɂ ɄɂɇɈɂɋɄɍɋɋɌȼɈ
ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ, ɤɢɧɨ
ɤɢɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ
ɤɢɧɨɪɟɠɢɫɫɺɪ
ɤɢɧɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ
ɤɢɧɨɫɬɭɞɢɹ
ɤɢɧɨɩɥɺɧɤɚ
ɤɢɧɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɮɢɥɶɦɵ - ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɞɟɬɟɤɬɢɜ
ɮɢɥɶɦ ɭɠɚɫ
ɛɨɟɜɢɤ
ɤɨɦɟɞɢɹ
ɞɪɚɦɚ
ɦɟɥɨɞɪɚɦɚ
ɬɪɢɥɥɟɪ
ɦɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɹ
ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦ (ɦɭɥɶɬɢɤ)
ɩɪɢɤɥɸɱɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɤɚ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɤɭɥɶɬɨɜɵɣ
228
- ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɫɴɺɦɤɚɯ
- ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɴɺɦɤɚɯ ɮɢɥɶɦɚ...
- ɬɚɥɚɧɬɥɢɜɵɣ ɚɤɬɺɪ
- ɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɵɣ
- ɜɟɥɢɤɨɥɟɩɧɵɣ
- ɧɟɡɚɛɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ
- ɨɞɚɪɺɧɧɵɣ
- ɜɵɞɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ
- ɨɛɚɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
- ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ
- ɛɟɡɞɚɪɧɵɣ
- ɫɤɭɱɧɵɣ
- ɧɟɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
- ɬɪɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
- ɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
- ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɣ
- ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ
ɮɢɥɶɦ – ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ
(ɧɟ)ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɣ
ɛɪɚɤ
ɤɢɬɱ
ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɢɧɨ
229
ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɞɭɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɞ...
ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɫ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɝɨ (ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ) ɡɪɢɬɟɥɹ
ɫɧɹɬ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɹ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ (ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ)
230
Ɉɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
231
Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ Ɇɹɝɤɨɜ - Ⱥɧɚɬɨɥɢɣ ȿɮɪɟɦɨɜɢɱ ɇɨɜɨɫɟɥɶɰɟɜ
232
Použitá literatúra:
Internetové zdroje
http://artclassic.edu.ru/catalog.asp?ob_no=19317&cat_ob_no=
http://asoment.at.ua/news/kratkaja_kharakteristika_kazhdogo_iz_dvenadcati_znakov_zodiaka
/2012-07-04-20
http://www.ctc-izhevsk.udm.ru/2009-02-04-16-15-31/255-2010-02-04-04-42-06
http://www.ecologylife.ru/news/v-smi-opyat-podnimaetsya-vopros-o-posledstviyah-avarii-v-
chernobyile-i-perspektivah-atomnoy-energetiki.html
http://www.grankin.ru/dosye/archiv/mk180899.htm
http://www.logozavr.ru/1917/
http://www.mosco.ru/rus/metropol/?section=5
http://www.moscow-faq.ru/articles/wayoflive/2007/December/1705
http://www.moscow-hotels-russia.com/rus/red_pl.htm
http://otradnoe.miel.ru/press/article/2559/
233
http://www.skitalets.ru/trips/2006/borovichi_feodosov/
http://www.tokamchatka.ru/kamchatka_cli.shtm
http://www.triumftour.ru/armenia/9962/9964.htm
http://www.turanapa.ru/index-gelendgik.html
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki
http://ɫɟɡɨɧɵ-
ɝɨɞɚ.ɪɮ/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.html
234
235
Jazykové cviþenia z ruského jazyka pre 1. a 2. roþník Bc. štúdia
Náklad: 120 ks
Vydanie: prvé
Formát: B5
Rozsah: 236 s.
VydavateĐ: Belianum. VydavateĐstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela
v Banskej Bystrici
Edícia: Filozofická fakulta
Tlaþ: EQUILIBRIA, s. r.o. Košice
Rok vydania: 2014
ISBN 978-80-557-0753-2