Boiler

PREPARED BY
Ibrahim Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed
Sec: 1

PREPARED FOR
Dr. MOHAMED NAWAR
Department
Mechanical Power Engineering
Boiler, apparatus designed to convert a liquid to vapor. In a
conventional steam power plant, a boiler consists of a furnace
in which fuel is burned, surfaces to transmit heat from the
combustion products to the water, and a space where steam
can form and collect. A conventional boiler has a furnace that
burns a fossil fuel or, in some installations, waste fuels. A
nuclear reactor can also serve as a source of heat for
generating steam under pressure.

Boiler Classification:

1. According to the Contents of the Tubes

• Fire Tube Boiler
• Water Tube Boiler

2. According to the Number of Tubes

• Single Tube Boiler

• Multitube Boiler

3. According to the position of the Furnace

• Internally Fired Boilers

• Externally Fired Boilers

4. According to the Axis of the Shell

• Vertical Boilers
• Horizontal Boilers

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 5. According to the Water and Steam Circulation Methods

• Natural Circulation Boilers

• Forced Circulation Boilers

6. According to Purpose

• Stationary Boilers
• Mobile Boilers

boiler types, application, and specification:

1. Fire-Tube Boilers:
Application: Commonly used for heating and process steam generation
in smaller-scale applications.

Specification:

• Simple design with a cylindrical shell containing tubes.

• Typically, lower pressure and capacity compared to water-tube
boilers.

2. Water-Tube Boilers:
Application: Widely used in industrial and power generation applications
where higher pressure and larger capacities are required.

Specification:

• Tubes filled with water and heated by combustion gases.

• Allows for higher pressure and more efficient heat transfer.

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3. Electric Boilers:
Application: Suitable for smaller-scale heating applications, such as
residential and light commercial buildings.

Specification:

• Operate using electricity as the heating source.

• Compact design and quiet operation.

4. Package Boilers:
Application: Used in industrial and institutional settings where mobility
and ease of installation are important.

Specification:

• Compact design with all components, including the boiler, burner,

controls, and auxiliary equipment, packaged into a single unit.

5. Condensing Boilers:
Application: Commonly used in residential and commercial heating
applications where high energy efficiency is a priority.

Specification:

• Recover heat from flue gases, increasing overall efficiency.

• Typically, operate with lower flue gas temperatures.

6. Combination Boilers:
Application: Suitable for residential applications where space heating
and hot water are needed.

Specification:

• Combine the functions of a water heater and central heating boiler

in a single unit.

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7. Industrial Boilers:
Application: Used in various industrial processes, power generation, and
large-scale heating applications.

Specification:

• Available in various types, including fire-tube, water-tube, and

others, depending on the specific industrial requirements.
• Often operate at high pressures and temperatures.

8. Biomass Boilers:
Application: Generate steam or hot water using organic materials such as
wood, agricultural residues, or other biomass sources.

Specification:

• Utilize renewable energy sources and contribute to sustainability

goals.
• Can operate in various configurations, including grate-fired,
fluidized bed, and pellet-fired boilers.

9. High-Pressure Boilers:
Application: Common in power generation and industrial processes
requiring high-pressure steam.

Specification:

• Designed to operate at pressures exceeding 15 psi.

• Typically used in power plants.

10. Low-Pressure Boilers:

Application: Used in residential heating, small industrial processes, and
some commercial applications.

Specification:

• Operate at pressures not exceeding 15 psi.

• Commonly used in heating systems.

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