^MQ O`aujt`l ln Imgnminrè` Okrhuj`rik ln Nstàtia`

N.V. Imgnminrè` Aivij

NQ\À\IA@
Hkhnmtks
Hkhnmtk rnspnatk ` um pumtk Gnmnr`jiz`aiñm lnj Hkhnmtk

 8  8  ×   8 R( ∕  ) × X ∙ 0 ∕ 5
  0
|0 ∕ 5 |
Hkhnmtk

rnspnatk ` um ndn    8  

 
 8  8    
Unj`aiñm lnj Hkhnmtk UV-UN Hkhnmtk lnj V`r

 8  ×  8   +   +    8 (0 ∕ 5 ) ×  8  × 


   
Jj`vn ln \unra`s
 8 ∕
∕
 + 
 8  ∕   ‟ 8   ∙ 
‟
 8  ‟ 
 8  ∕      
⊮ ‟
\nkrnh` ln _`rigmkm    8  ∕   

 8   + ⋫ + 
 + 
 +    
 ⊮
     ∕ ×  8 ∕ 

Unsujt`mtns ln Qistnh`s ln Ounrz`s

Ounrz`s Akpj. Akm. V`r. (Akjimn`jns) Ounrz`s Akpj`. Mk Akm. Mk V`r`jnj`s
`)  8 (∐  ) 8 (∐  )  
 80  80   8 (∐   )
 )  + (∐ 
e)  8 (∐80   )
 ) + (∐80  80 80

Ounrz`s Akpj. Akm. Mk V`r. (Akjimn`jns)

( Akjimn`jns)  8 ∐  × 


  Ounrz`s Mk Akpj`. Akm. V`r (Akjimn`jns)
 8 (∐   )
 )  + (∐ 
  
80 80
 8 (∐   )  + (∐   ) 
 )  + (∐ 
Ounrz`s Akpj`. Mk Akm. V`r`jnj`s 80 80 80

`)  )
 8 (∐80  Ounrz`s Mk Akpj`. Akm. Mk V`r (Akjimn`jns)
  8 ∐  × 
   

  8 (∐   )

 )  + (∐   ) 
 )  + (∐ 
 8 (∐ 
80 80 80

e)  )
 ) + (∐80 
 8 (∐80 
  8 ∐  × 

^MQ O`aujt`l ln Imgnminrè` Okrhuj`rik ln Nstàtia`
N.V. Imgnminrè` Aivij

Ounrz`s Mk Akpj`. Mk Akm. V`r`jnj`s Ounrz`s Mk Akpj`. Mk Akm. Mk V`r`jnj`s

`)  8 (∐  )   
 80   8 (∐   )  + (∐   ) 
 )  + (∐ 
 8 ∐  × 

 80 80 80

 8 ∐  × 


e)  8 (∐ 80 
 ) + (∐  ) + (∐  )
80 80
 8 ∐  × 


Qistnh`s ln Ounrz`s Listrieuil`s
Ounrz`s Listrieuil`s skern um` Jèmn`

 8 ∢ ()   8 ∕ (∢  ( )  )  Ounrz`s Listrieuil`s ln Aunrpk

 

∢  ()   8  8 ∨  (, , ) 

 8
 

Ounrz`s Listrieuil`s skern um` Qupnroiain ∨   (, , ) 

 8

( )  ( ) 
 8 ∪ ,
    
 8 ∕ (∪
  ,   )   8 ∨   (, , ) 

∪  (, )  ∨   (, , ) 
 8  8 


∪  (, ) 
 8

Nau`aikmns ln Nquijierik
Ounrz`s Akpj. Akm. V`r. (Akjimn`jns) Ounrz`s Mk Akpj`. Akm. Mk V`r

∐ 8 6 ∐ 8 6 2 ∐ 8 6 2 ∐ 8 6

Ounrz`s Akpj. Akm. Mk V`r. Ounrz`s Mk Akpj`. Mk Akm. V`r`jnj`s
∐ 8 6 2 ∐ 8 6 ∐ 8 6 2 ∐ 8 6 2 ∐ 8 6
Ounrz`s Akpj`. Mk Akm. V`r`jnj`s Ounrz`s Mk Akpj`. Mk Akm. Mk V`r`jnj`s

∐ 8 6 2 ∐ 8 6 ∐ 8 6 2 ∐ 8 6 2 ∐ 8 6

Ounrz`s Akpj`. Mk Akm. Mk V`r`jnj`s ∐ 8 6 2 ∐ 8 6 2 ∐ 8 6
∐ 8 6 2 ∐ 8 6 2 ∐ 8 6
Ounrz`s Mk Akpj`. Akm. V`r (Akjimn`jns)

∐ 8 6
^MQ O`aujt`l ln Imgnminrè` Okrhuj`rik ln Nstàtia`
N.V. Imgnminrè` Aivij

\ipks ln @pkyk
A`rritk @rtiauj`aiñm ln @rtiauj`aiñm ln Nhpktr`hinmtk Aunrl` \nms` Qupnroiain Jis`
V`s`lkr Uñtuj`
 ,  , ,  , ,  ,  , 

@rh`lur`s _ig`s
Dust`hnmtn Uègil`s Unj`aiñm4 AL, OA, HO
 8 5 ∕ 1 .   
 ( ) 8 ∕ ñ 8 ∕()
 8 1 ∕ ? .   
 
 8∕ ñ 8 ∕
 
Hkhnmtks ln Vrihnr Krlnm
Qupnroiains Jèmn`s

∢   ∢  
 8 ∪   2  8 ∪    8 ∢  2  8 ∢ 
 

∪   ∪   A`jaujk  nm jèmn`s
 
 8 2  8
∪  ∪   5
 8 ∔0 + ( ) 
_kjôhnmns 

∨   ∨    5
8 28
  8 ∔0 + ( ) 
∨  ∨  

∨    5
8  8 ∔5 + ( ) 
∨  
Anmtrkilns ln Qupnroiains Akhpunst`s
∐80  2  ∐80 
 8   8
∐80  ∐80 
     
^MQ O`aujt`l ln Imgnminrè` Okrhuj`rik ln Nstàtia`
N.V. Imgnminrè` Aivij

Hkhnmtks ln Qngumlk Krlnm k ln Imnrai` (Qupnroiains)

Hkhnmtk Unspnatk ` x Vrkluatk ln Imnrai`

 8 ∪ 5  8 ∪  
 

Hkhnmtk Unspnatk ` y \nkrnh` ln \r`msonrnmai` (Ndns V`r`jnjks)

¼¼ 8  + 5
 8 ∪  5 ¼¼ 8  +  5


U`liks ln Girk ¼¼ 8  + 

 8 | ∕ 0|

 8 ∔   8 | ∕ 0|

Hkhnmtk Vkj`r ln Imnrai`
  8  + 
 8 ∔  
    (a/o) (a/o) 5 5  

Okrhuj`s Ôtijns
Hkhnmtks ln Qngumlk Krlnm

Oigur` Unguj`r Unspnatk ` sus E`sns Unspnatk `j ndn Anmtrkil`j

 ℍ 1 ℍ
1 ℍ1 1ℍ
 8 2  8  8 2  8
1 1 05 05
  <  8  8 6.0697<
ℍ
8 1 8 3
1 ℍ ℍ1 1ℍ
à
 8 2  8  8 2  8
05 05 1? 1?