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\fpulmoc` Lamov`ro`h` df Yfhfzufm`

Eohostfroa dfm Radfr Rapum`rp`r` m` Fduc`coóh Vhovfrsot`ro`

Vhovfrsod`d H`coah`m Fxpfroefht`m df mas Mm`has Accodfht`mfs Fzfquofm ^`ear`

"Vhfmmfz-

Fmarz`, FDA @purf

M@ MFSOAHAMAKO@ AT\@VE@TAMAKÅ@
EFDOCA MFK@M

I`comot`dar>Ohtfkr`htf>

@lk. Rfdra L`stost` @r`quf E`rå`

C`stra Jïctar

Noeïhfz Ohkros

Mavfr` Ore`r

@mlfrta

Tfràh Movo`

Fmarz`, @lrom <2<2

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ahdocf

Ohtraduccoóh…………………………………………………………………….. Rák. 3

M` mfsoahamako` a tr`ue`tamakå` eïdoca mfk`m……………………………… . Rák. 4

Cm`soioc`coóh df m` mfsoahamako`……………………………………………… . Rák. 6

Do`khastoca eïdoca mfk`m………………………………………… ...……….... Rák. 9

Cm`soioc`coóh df `cufrda `m Códoka pfh`m Yfhfzam`ha ………………………… Rák. ;

C`åd` y Rrfcopot`coóh. Oepart`hco` df su fstudoa …………………….……… Rák. 03

Cahcmusoóh…………………………………………………………………… . Rák. 06

Lolmoakr`io`…………………………………………………………………… Rák. 09

@hfxas………………………………………………………………………… ... Rák. 0;

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Ohtraduccoóh

M` prfsfhtf ohvfstok`coóh tofhf caea ioh`mod`dd`r ` cahacfr tada ma rfm`coah`da ` m`

mfsoahamakå` a tr`ue`tamakå` eïdoca mfk`m quf fs m` p`rtf df m` Efdocoh` Mfk`m quf fstudo`
m`s mfsoahfs, fst` r`e` tofhf caea alnftova fm fstudoa df mas fst`das p`tamókocas praducodas
fh fm cufrpa jue`ha par fm fifcta df m` voamfhco` fnfrcod` salrf ïm, fs uh tfe` df kr`h
oepart`hco` ha sama fh ma quf cahcofrhf `m `spfcta eïdoca-mfk`m, soha t`eloïh fh fm `spfcta
eïdoca `sostfhco`m. Df oku`me`hfr` to fhf caea prapósota iuhd`efht`m rfvo s`rm`s
doifrfhtfs mfsoahfs ohirohkod`s `m cufrpa, m`s cahsfcufhco`s quf fsta supahf ` hovfm dfm
arca`hosea, ohtfrvfhcoóh df fvfhtas vumhfr`htf quf tofhfh ohtfrïs croeoh`m, fst`
ohvfstok`coóh d`rà ` cahacfr quf fm fst`da p`tamókoca c`so sofeprf sf tr`ducf
`h`tóeoc`efhtf fh uh d`ða ` m` ohtfkrod`d carpar`my` sf` fh iare` ohefdo`t` a efdo`t`
df oku`me`hfr` sf praparcoah`rà ohiare`coóh `cfrc` df su rfkum`coóh nurådoc` fh fm códoka
pfh`m vfhfzam`ha.

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M` mfsoahamakå` a tr`ue`tamakå` eïdoca mfk`m.

Dfsdf fm puhta df vost` eïdoca uh` mfsoóh fs fm praducta df uh tr`ue`tosea am`

sfcufm` arkàhoc` a iosoap`tamókoc` quf uh ark`hosea fxpfroefht` caea cahsfcufhco` df
uh` hax` fxtfrh`, `jar` lofh dfsdf fm puhta df vost` nurådoca sf cahcfptþ` caea mfsoóh `
tada d`ða fh fm cufrpa a fh m` s`mud. Caeprfhdf, fh su sfhtoda eàs `epmoa, fm fstudoa df
tad`s `qufmm`s mfsoahfs praducod`s par `kfhtfs fxtfrhas, sf`h ïstas efcàhocas, tïreocas,
quåeocas a fmïctrocas, t`eloïh fs cahsodfr`d` uh` r`e` df m` efdocoh` iarfhsf quf sf
fhc`rk` dfm fstudoa df m`s `ccoahfs u aeosoahfs quf oepmoqufh voamfhco`sy df su rfsumt`da
`m sfr fnfrcod`s salrf fm ohdovodua, rfsumt`hda uh d`ða ` m` vod` dfm cufrpa am` s`mud,

M` mfsoahamako` fs m` p`rtf iuhd`efht`m df m` efdocoh` mfk`my iarfhsf y` quf lusc`

dftfreoh`rf odfhtoioc`r mas topas df mfsoahfs quf fxostf y quf sf praducfh fh dftfreoh`d`s
pfrsah, praparcoah` eh` ohiare`coóh salf fm efc`oseas df `ccoóh quf praducfh más
doifrfhtfs `kfhtfs c`us`htfs df mfsoahfs y df fst` e`hfr` pracfdfr ` rf`moz`r doctàefhfs fh
cmåhoc`s iarfhsfs rfm`coah`das cah mfsoahfs df pfrsah`s. M` mfsoóh dfsdf fm puhta df vost`
eïdoca mfk`m fs tad` `qufmm` `mtfr`coóh df m` fstructur` `h`tóeoc` hare`m df mas tfnodas, a
iuhcoah`m praducod` par uh `kfhtf fxtfrha salrf fm cufrpa j ue`ha y fvodfhco`lmf ha sama
`m fx`efh fxtfrha.

Sfkþh (M` Ark`hoz`coóh Euhdo`m df m` S`mud) cahsodfr` mfsoóh ` cu`mquofr d`ða,

ohtfhcoah`ma ha ohtfhcoah`m, `m cufrpa dfloda ` m` fxpasocoóh `kud` ` fhfrkå` tïreoc`,
efcàhoc`, fmïctroc` a quåeoc`7 a dfloda ` m` `usfhco` df c`mar u axåkfha quf mmfvf ` uh
d`ða carpar`ma psåquoca tfepar`ma pfre`hfhtf y quf pufdf a ha sfr i`t`m. Fs vàmoda
t`eloïh dfiohor uh` mfsoóh caea fm rfsumt`da df uh` voamfhco` quf fnfrcod` salrf uh
ohdovodua soh àhoea df e`t`r, v` ` cahdocoah`r uh d`ða ` m` vod` dfm cufrpa am` s`mud

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Cm`soioc`coóh df m`s mfsoahfs

Fm fstudoa df m`s mfsoahfs pufdf sfr fhiac`da dfsdf dovfrsas puhtas df vost`, par ma quf
cah iohfs dodàctocas sf j`cf hfcfs`ro` uh` cm`soioc`coóh, quf caea fh atras `spfctas df fst`
fspfco`mod`d sus caepahfhtfs ha tofhfh c`ràctfr fxcmuyfhtf soha caepmfefht`roa, m`s
mfsoahfs pufdfh cm`soioc`rsf fh>
Sfkþh su kr`da fst`s sf dovodfh fh mfvfs quf sah cahsodfr`d`s caea i`mt`s,
cu`mot`tov`efhtf c`moioc`d`sj`st` uh eàxoea df 02 då`s df ohc`p`cod`d eïdoca mfk`m,
sfkuod`efhtf fstàh m`s kr`vfs quf sah m`s quf sf c`r`ctfroz`h par prfsfht`r dflomot`coóh
pfre`hfhtf, pfmokra df vod` y dfiare`coóh y par derribar un fstah m`s kr`våsoe`s primeros sf
c`r`ctfroz`h par prfsfht`r eutom`coóh, fhifrefd`d kr`vf a ohs`ho`, oepatfhco` iuhcoah`m,
ohc`p`cod`da ohv`modfz quf fs m` pfrdod` df m ` iuhcoóh y dfsio kur`coóh kr`vf.
Cahsfcutov`efhtf sf cm`soioc`h sfkþh su ohtfhcoah`mod`dm`s cu`mfs pufdfh sfr damas`sa
ohtfhcoah`mfs quf sah m`s mfvfs, kr`vfs, prftfrohtfhcoah`mfs, sfkuod`s df m` eufrtf y cah
rfsumt`da iartuota ym`s cumpas`sa ha ohtfhcoah`mfs quf sah m`s soepmfs, c`moioc`d`s,
hfkmokfhco`, oeprudfhco` f ohalsfrv`hco` df m`s rfkm`s, pastfroarefhtf fstàh m`s
cm`soioc`d`s sfkþh su ftoeamakå` quf sah m`s mfsoahfs cahtus`s fst`s sf prfsfht`h dfspuïs df
uh` mfsoóh tr`ueàtoc`, ohim`e`coóh yc`eloa df camar l`na m` pofm pfra soh ruptur` df m`
eose` fst`s sf dovodfh fh soepmfs quf c`us`h `trocoóh df mas tfnodas par uh alnfta
cahtuhdfhtf, dfhtra df fmm` fstà m` fquoeasos, tuefi`ccoóh, fxcaro`coahfs, sukom`coahfs,
frasoahfs, jfe`tae`sy dfrr`efs s`hkuåhfas ym`s caepmfn`s quf pravac` samucoóh df
cahtohuod`dj`st` mmfk`r `m `pm`st`eofhta, p`rtocop`h das a eàs efc`hoseas df cahtusoóh,
caea m`s eardfdur`s, `rr`hc`eofhta, `pm`st`eofhta, prfcopot`coóh, `troco ohyc`åd`..
M`s mfsoahfs par `re`s lm`hc` sah m`s jfrod`s cart`htfs, jfrod`s puhz`htfs, jfrod`s
puhza cart`htfs, jfrod`s cahtusa cart`htfs, jfrod`s puhza pfhftr`htfs, m`s jfrod`s par `re`s
df iufka sah rf`mo z`d`s par Prayfctom þhoca, Prayfctom fs eþmtopmfs y fxpm asovas,m`s mfso ahfs
par `kfhtfs quåeocas m`s ac`soah`d`s par `mcajam ftåmoca, carrasova, topa vfhfhasa,
carrasova, i`re`camókocas, m`s mfsoahfs par `kfhtf iåsocas m`s cu`mfs sah c`us`d`s par c`mar

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jþefda, fs dfcor, v`par df `ku`, c`mar sfca caea fm iufka dorfcta qufe`dur` df 0,<,3 y 4¾
kr`da, fmfctrocod`d y r`do`coahfs.
Do`khastoca eïdoca mfk`m.

Fh tïreohas df m` pràctoc` eïdoc`, fm do`khóstoca fs uh nuocoa cmåhoca salrf fm fst`da

psocaiåsoca df uh p`cofhtf y` sf` `hoe`m a jue`ha, rfprfsfht` uh` e`hoifst`coóh fh
rfspufst` ` uh` dfe`hd` p`r` dftfreoh`r t`m fst`da, fm þhoca quf pufdf ohdoc`r uh pracfsa
do`khóstoca a e`hfna dfm p`cofhtf fs fm Rraifsoah`m Eïdoca cmåhoca quf mmfv` ` c`la m`
rfcfpcoóh dfm p`cofhtf y rf`moz` tr`t`eofhta df fefrkfhco` sfkþh mas c`sas cmåhocas dfm
p`cofhtf.

Fm do`khastoca eïdoca mfk`m df uh` mfsoóh sf dovodfh fh cu`tra p`rtfs dfpfhdofhda dfm
`cahtfcoeofhta m`s cu`mfs sah, euy kr`vf quf fs cu`hda uh` mfsoóh ohvamucr` uh`
c`str`coóh a eutom`coóh e`mocoas` df uh eofelra oepart`htf, mufka fstà fm kr`vf fm cu`m
`p`rfcf cu`hda m` mfsoóh praducod` fs c`us` df oepatfhco` iuhcoah`m, ohv`modfz quf fs m`
eutom`coóh ha e`mocoas`, m` dfiare`coóh dfm rastra, fm oepfdoefhta df uh eofelra, m`s
sfcufm`s arkàhoc`s y cu`mquofr` atr` mfsoóh a pfrturl`coóh quf arokohf ohc`p`cod`d par eàs
df trfoht` då`s. Fst` fm efhas kr`vf fstf do`khastoca fs d`da cu`hda sf cahsodfr` quf m`s
mfsoahfs dfear`h fh s`h`r a praduzc`h uh` ohc`p`cod`d m`lar`r quf caeprfhd` fhtrf
quohcf y trfoht` då`s y par þmtoea sf fhcufhtr` fm mfvf fstf tofhf uh tofepa df cur`coóh y uh
tofepa df ohc`p`cod`d fhtrf cfra y c`tarcf då`s.

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Cm`soioc`coóh df `cufrda `m Códoka pfh`m Yfhfzam`ha.

Fs rfmfv`htf ohdoc`r, quf m`s mfsoahfs sf cm`soioc`h dfsdf das puhtas df vost`. Fh proefr
muk`r, sfkþh su ohtfhcoóh sf cm`soioc`h fh ohtfhcoah`mfs, cumpas`s y prftfrohtfhcoah`mfs.
Eofhtr`s quf, fh sfkuhd` ohst`hco`, sf cm`soioc`h sfkþh fm rfsumt`da fh kr`våsoe`s, kr`vfs,
efhas kr`vfs, mfvfs y mfvåsoe`s, K`ohz` (<22?>0).

@jar` lofh, fh ma quf sf rfiofrf ` m` cm`soioc`coóh df m`s mfsoahfs sfkþh fm Códoka Rfh`m df
Yfhfzufm`, fs oepart`htf sfð`m`r quf m` eose` sf fhcufhtr` dfs`rramm`d` df m` e`hfr`
sokuofhtf>

.- C`påtuma OO, Tåtuma OZ. Df m`s mfsoahfs pfrsah`mfs.

Fh t`m sfhtoda, sf pufdf ohdoc`r quf, m`s mfsoahfs pfrsah`mfs sfkþh fm rfsumt`da, sf
fhcufhtr`h cm`soioc`d`s fh fm Códoka Rfh`m df m` sokuofhtf iare`>

`.- Mfsoahfs pfrsah`mfs sfkþh fm rfsumt`da.

Df e`hfr` quf, m`s mfsoahfs efhas kr`vfs sf fhcufhtr`h fst`tuod`s fh fm `rtåcuma 403 dfm
Códoka Rfh`m, fm cu`m, fxprfs` ”Fm quf soh ohtfhcoóh df e`t`r, pfra så df c`us`rmf d`ða,
j`y` ac`soah`da ` `mkuh` pfrsah` uh suiroeofhta iåsoca, uh pfrnuocoa ` m` s`mud a uh`
pfrturl`coóh fh m`s i`cumt`dfs ohtfmfctu`mfs sfrà c`stok`da cah prosoóh df trfs ` dacf
efsfs―. Rar ma cu`m, fs rfmfv`htf ohdoc`r quf m`s mfsoahfs ` quf sf rfiofrf fm `rtåcuma fh
cufstoóh, rfvostfh c`ràctfr kfhfr`m.

@jar` lofh, m`s mfsoahfs kr`våsoe`s, sf fhcufhtr`h fst`lmfcod`s fh fm `rtåcuma 404 dfm
Códoka Rfh`m, fm cu`m, fst`lmfcf>

”So fm jfcja j` c`us`da uh` fhifrefd`d efht`m a carpar`m, cofrt` a pral`lmfefhtf

ohcur`lmf, a m` pïrdod` df `mkþh sfhtoda, df uh` e`ha, df uh pof, df m` p`m`lr`, df m`
c`p`cod`d df fhkfhdr`r a dfm usa df `mkþh órk`ha a so j` praducoda `mkuh` jfrod`, quf

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dfsiokurf ` m` pfrsah`> fh ioh, so j`loïhdasf caeftoda fm dfmota cahtr` uh` eunfr fh coht` mf
julofrf ac`soah`da fm `larta, sfrà c`stok`da cah prfsodoa df trfs ` sfos `ðas―.

Fh fsf sfhtoda, fs oepart`htf e`hoifst`r quf fstf topa df mfsoahfs sah haeoh`mefhtf
sfð`m`d`s par docja `rtåcuma, ma cu`m, pfreotf cahacfr fm haelrf df c`d` mfsoóh quf pufd`
fst`r fhe`rc`d` fh fm eosea.

Rar su p`rtf, fh fm `rtåcuma 406 dfm Códoka Rfh`m, fm cu`m, fst`lmfcf>

”So fm jfcja j` c`us`da ohj`lomot`coóh pfre`hfhtf df `mkþh sfhtoda a df uh órk`ha,

doiocumt`d pfre`hfhtf df m` p`m`lr` a `mkuh` coc`troz hat`lmf fh m` c`r` a so j` pufsta fh
pfmokra m` vod` df m` pfrsah` aifhdod` a praducoda `mkuh` fhifrefd`d efht`m a carpar`m
quf durf vfohtf då`s a eàs, a so par uh tofepa oku`m qufd` m` docj` pfrsah` ohc`p`cot`d` df
fhtrfk`rsf ` sus acup`coahfs j`lotu`mfs, a fh ioh, so j`loïhdasf caeftoda fm dfmota cahtr`
uh` eunfr fh coht`, c`us` uh p`rta prfe`tura, m` pfh` sfrà df prosoóh df uha ` cu`tra
`ðas.―.

Fs df dfst`c`r, quf fm `rtåcuma `htfroar, sf fst`lmfcfh m`s mfsoahfs kr`vfs. Fh t`m sfhtoda,
sf pufdf e`hoifst`r quf dfhtra df m`s mfsoahfs kr`vfs sf pufdfh fhcahtr`r mfsoahfs quf
c`us`h ohj`lomot`coóh pfre`hfhtf df `mkþh sfhtoda u órk`ha, `så caea, m`s quf arokoh`h
doiocumt`d pfre`hfhtf df m` p`m`lr`, m` quf praduzc` coc`troz hat`lmf fh m` c`r`, m`s quf
praduzc`h uh` fhifrefd`d efht`m a carpar`m quf durf vfohtf då`s a eàs, y m`s df caeosoóh
df dfmota cahtr` uh` eunfr fhcot` y quf c`usf uh p`rta prfe`tura.

Eofhtr`s quf, fh fm `rtåcuma 409, fm cu`m, e`hoiofst` ”So fm dfmota prfvosta fh fm `rtåcuma
403 julofrf `c`rrf`da ` m` pfrsah` aifhdod`, fhifrefd`d quf sama hfcfsot` `sostfhco`
eïdoc` `m tofepa p`r` dfdoc`rsf ` sus hfkacoas ardoh`roas, u acup`coahfs j`lotu`mfs, m`
pfh` sfrà df `rrfsta df trfs ` sfos efsfs.―. Fs df ohdoc`r, quf fh fm eosea sf fhcufhtr`h
fst`lmfcod`s m`s mfsoahfs mfvfs. Df t`m iare`, fs dfst`c`r quf fstf topa df mfsoahfs, sah m`s

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quf kfhfr`h pfrturl`coahfs mfvfs fh m` s`mud df m` pfrsah` `krfdod`, soh ac`soah`r dfifctas
iåsocas ho iuhcoah`mfs.

Rar su p`rtf, fm `rtåcuma 40; dfm Códoka Rfh`m sfð`m` quf, ”So fm dfmota prfvosta fh fm
`rtåcuma 403, ha sama ha j` `c`rrf`da fhifrefd`d quf hfcfsotf `sostfhco` eïdoc`, soha quf
t`epaca j` ohc`p`cot`da ` m` pfrsah` aifhdod` p`r` dfdoc`rsf ` sus hfkacoas u acup`coahfs
j`lotu`mfs, m` pfh` sfrà df `rrfsta df dofz ` cu`rfht` y cohca då`s. ―. @så pufs, sf pufdf
e`hoifst`r quf fh docja `rtåcuma sf fhcufhtr` m` hare`tov` mfk`m salrf m`s mfsoahfs
mfvåsoe`s, m`s cu`mfs, sah m`s quf ”so lofh `t`c`h m` ohtfkrod`d loamókoc` a efht`m dfm
`kr`vo`da sah df pac` oepart`hco`, y` quf m`s eose`s ha `c`rrf`h `m ohdovodua fhifrefd`d
quf rfquofr` `sostfhco` eïdoc` ho ma sfp`r` df sus acup`coahfs m`lar`mfs―,

Rar atr` p`rtf, sf pufdf sfð`m`r quf, m`s mfsoahfs pfrsah`mfs sfkþh m` ohtfhcoóh, sf
fhcufhtr`h cm`soioc`d`s fh fm Códoka Rfh`m df m` sokuofhtf e`hfr`>

l.- Mfsoahfs pfrsah`mfs sfkþh m` ohtfhcoóh .

Fstàh m`s ohtfhcoah`mfs quf sf suldovodfh fh soepmfs, c`moioc`d`s, `kr`v`d`s y `tfhu`d`s.

Mufka fstàh m`s cumpas` y par umtoea prftfrohtfhcoah`mfs.

l. 0.- Mfsoahfs ohtfhcoah`mfs.

@jar` lofh, fh ma quf sf rfiofrf ` m`s mfsoahfs pfrsah`mfs ohtfhcoah`mfs soepmfs, fs

dfst`c`r, quf sah fsfhco`mefhtf m`s eose`s quf sf fhcufhtr`h fst`lmfcod`s fh fm `rtåcuma
403 df Códoka Rfh`m.

Fh ma cahcfrhofhtf ` m`s mfsoahfs ohtfhcoah`mfs c`moioc`d`s, m`s eose`s sf fhcufhtr`h

fst`lmfcod`s fh m` proefr` p`rtf dfm `rtåcuma 40: dfm Códoka Rfh`m, fm cu`m, fxprfs`>

Cu`hda fm jfcja fspfcoioc`da fh mas `rtåcumas prfcfdfhtfs fstuvofrf `caep`ð`da df

`mkuh` df m`s corcuhst`hco`s ohdoc`d`s fh fm `rtåcuma 429, a cu`hda fm jfcja iufrf caeftoda

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cah `re`s ohsodoas`s a cah cu`mquofr` atr` `re` prapo`efhtf docj`, a par efdoa df
sust`hco`s carrasov`s, m` pfh` sf `uefht`rà fh m` praparcoóh df uh` sfxt` ` uh` tfrcfr`
p`rtf.

Fs df j`cfr hat`r, quf so jfcja fspfcoioc`da fstuvofrf `caep`ð`da par corcuhst`hco`s

fst`lmfcod`s fh fm `rtåcuma 429 dfm Códoka Rfh`m, a cu`hda iufrf caeftoda par `re`s
ohsodoas`s (`re`s c`euim`d`s), `re`s prapo`efhtf docj`s a par sust`hco`s quf c`usfh
carrasoóh, fstf topa df mfsoóh fst`rà topoioc`d` caea mfsoóh ohtfhcoah`m c`moioc`d`.

Fh ma quf rfspfct` ` m`s mfsoahfs ohtfhcoah`mfs `kr`v`d`s, m`s eose`s sf fhcufhtr`h

fst`tuod`s fh m` sfkuhd` p`rtf dfm `rtåcuma 40: dfm Códoka Rfh`m, fm cu`m, sfð`m` "So fm jfcja
fstà `caep`ð`da df `mkuh` df m`s corcuhst`hco`s prfvost`s fh fm `rtåcuma 42;, m` pfh` sf
`uefht`rà cah uh tfrcoa, soh pfrnuocoa df m` pfh` dfm jfcja puholmf cahcurrfhtf quf ha
pufd` cahsodfr`rsf caea corcuhst`hco` `kr`v`htf soha caea dfmota sfp`r`da".

Fh fm c`sa df m`s mfsoahfs ohtfhcoah`mfs sf fhcufhtr`h fst`lmfcod`s fh fm C`påtuma OOO,

Dospasocoahfs Caeuhfs ` mas C`påtumas Rrfcfdfhtfs, fspfcåioc`efhtf fh fm `rtåcuma 4<< dfm
Códoka Covom, fm cu`m, fxprfs`.

Mas Troluh`mfs fstoe`ràh caea eatova df `tfhu`coóh fh mas nuocoas par eufrtf a
mfsoahfs carpar`mfs, fm j`lfrsf c`us`da mas jfcjas fh dufma rfkum`r. Fh fstf c`sa padrà
rfl`n`rsf df uh` ` das tfrcfr`s p`rtfs m` pfh` carrfspahdofhtf `m jfcja puholmf7 y ` mas
tfstokas sf mfs `pmoc`rà uh` pfh` oku`m ` m` quf sf oepahk` fm e`t`dar a jfrodar, doseohuod`
fh m` eot`d.

So fh fm dufma julofr` j`loda dfsmf`mt`d, fst` corcuhst`hco` sf cahsodfr`rà `kr`v`htf p`r`

m` `pmoc`coóh df m`s pfh`s carrfspahdofhtfs `m jaeocodoa a mfsoahfs quf julofrfh rfsumt`da7
y mas tfstokas sfràh cahsodfr`das caea ca`utarfs.

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Fh c`sa df jaeocodoa caeftoda fh roð` cufrpa ` cufrpa, so fm jfroda a ohtfrifcta m`

julofrf pravac`da y `uhquf fm jfrodar a e`t`dar m` julofrf `cfpt`da a cahtohu`da ` pfs`r
df j`lfr padoda cart`rm` a df j`lfr padoda `lstfhfrsf df rfðor soh kr`vf rofska, sf tfhdrà fh
cufht` `qufmm` corcuhst`hco` y sf `pmoc`rà m` pfh` carrfspahdofhtf cah m` `tfhu`coóh
prfvost` fh m` proefr` p`rtf df fstf `rtåcuma.

Fh fstas c`sas, so fm m`hcf sf j` arokoh`da par j`lfr uh` df m`s p`rtfs aifhdoda fm jahar
a m` rfput`coóh df m` atr` a df su i`eomo` fh dacuefhta pþlmoca a cah fscrotas a dolunas
dovumk`das a fxpufstas `m pþlmoca a cah atras efdoas df pulmocod`d, sf fstoe`rà caea
pravac`dar `m `utar df mas jfcjas7 y sfkþh m` kr`vfd`d df m` doi`e`coóh, mas Troluh`mfs
pufdfh c`elo`r m` pfh` quf carrfspahdofrf `m quf j`y` jfroda a d`da eufrtf `m
pravac`dar, fh cahioh`eofhta par oku`m tofepa, cah m` rfduccoóh prfvost`

l. <.- Mfsoahfs cumpas`s.

Fh ma cahcfrhofhtf ` m`s mfsoahfs cumpas`s, fs oepart`htf e`hoifst`r quf m`s eose`s, sf

fhcufhtr`h fst`lmfcod`s fh fm `rtåcuma 4<2 dfm Códoka Covom, fm cu`m, e`hoiofst`>

Fm quf par j`lfr alr`da cah oeprudfhco` a hfkmokfhco` a lofh cah oepfroco` fh su
praifsoóh, `rtf a ohdustro`, a par ohalsfrv`hco` df mas rfkm`efhtas, órdfhfs a doscopmoh`s,
ac`soahf ` atra `mkþh d`ða fh fm cufrpa a fh m` s`mud, a `mkuh` pfrturl`coóh fh m`s
i`cumt`dfs ohtfmfctu`mfs sfrà c`stok`da>

0¾. Cah `rrfsta df cohca ` cu`rfht` y cohca då`s a eumt` df cohcufht` uhod`dfs trolut`ro`s
(62 V.T.) ` quohofht`s uhod`dfs trolut`ro`s (622 V.T.), fh mas c`sas fspfcoioc`das fh mas
`rtåcumas 403 y 409, ha pudofhda pracfdfrsf soha ` ohst`hco` df p`rtf.

<¾. Cah prosoóh df uha ` dacf efsfs a eumt` df cofhta cohcufht` uhod`dfs trolut`ro`s (062
V.T.) ` eom quohofht`s uhod`dfs trolut`ro`s (0.622 V.T.), fh mas c`sas df mas `rtåcumas 404 y
406.

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3¾. Cah `rrfsta df uha ` cohca då`s a cah eumt` df vfohtocohca lamåv`rfs, fh mas c`sas dfm
`rtåcuma 420, ha dflofhda pracfdfrsf fhtahcfs soha ` ohst`hco` df p`rtf.

l. 3.- Mfsoahfs prftfrohtfhcoah`mfs.

Fh ma rfifrfhtf ` m`s mfsoahfs prftfrohtfhcoah`mfs, sf pufdf ohdoc`r quf sf fhcufhtr`h

fst`lmfcod`s fh fm `rtåcuma 40? dfm códoka pfh`m, fm cu`m, e`hoiofst` "Cu`hda fh mas c`sas
prfvostas fh mas `rtåcumas quf prfcfdfh fxcfdf fm jfcja fh sus cahsfcufhco`s `m ioh quf sf
prapusa fm cump`lmf m` pfh` fh fmmas fst`lmfcod` sf doseohuorà df uh` tfrcfr` p`rtf ` m`
eot`d.".

Fh måhf`s kfhfr`mfs, sf pufdf ohdoc`r quf df fst` iare` sf fhcufhtr`h fst`tuod`s m`s
mfsoahfs pfrsah`mfs fh fm Códoka Rfh`m vokfhtf fh Yfhfzufm`.

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C`åd` y Rrfcopot`coóh. Oepart`hco` df su fstudoa.

C`åd`

M` c`åd` fs `qufmm` quf sf praducf fh fm eosea pm`ha df sustfht`coóh dfm sunfta, a sf`
cu`hda fstf sf dfspmae` dfsdf su prapo` `mtur` salrf fm sufma, ` doifrfhco` df m`
prfcopot`coóh, fh m` quf fstf dfspmaef sf praducf salrf uh` supfriocof euy par dfl`na df m`
quf fm sunfta acup`l`.

C`åd` soepmf a fstàtoc`. Ha fxostf hohkþh caepahfhtf dohàeoca fxtr`ða ` m` c`åd`7

ha sufmf cahducor ` m` eufrtf, fnfepma uh dfse`ya.

C`åd` caepmoc`d`. @ m` c`åd` sf `ð`df atra caepahfhtf mfsova quf caepmoc` m`

voamfhco` tr`ueàtoc` y `kr`v` sus cahsfcufhco`s fnfepma c`fr salrf `ku` a iufka. Fh fstas
c`sas m` c`åd` acup` uh sfkuhda pm`ha fh fm efc`hosea mfsova, pufsta quf so sf praducf m`
eufrtf, m` c`us` fstà fh fm sfkuhda i`ctar

C`åd` iàsoc`. M` c`åd` tofhf muk`r fh das a eàs i`sfs, fs dfcor, sf praducf fh das a
eàs tofepas sucfsovas. Fst` v`rofd`d tofhf uh oepart`htf ohtfrïs p`r` m`
rfcahstruccoóh nudoco`m df mas jfcjas.

C`åd` `cfmfr`d`. Fs m` df eàxoea ohtfrïs eïdoca-mfk`m par m` kr`vfd`d df sus

cahsfcufhco`s mfsov`s. @ mas fifctas dfm dfspmaef dfm cufrpa, sf `ð`df uh oepart`htf
caepahfhtf df vfmacod`d quf `uefht` m` iufrz` vov` cah quf tofhf muk`r m` c`åd` fnfepma
c`åd` dfsdf fm fstrola df uh vfjåcuma ` kr`h vfmacod`d.

C`åd` pasteart`m. Fs uh` pasolomod`d quf dflf sfr tfhod` fh cufht` p`r` fhnuoco`r
cah rfctotud mas jfcjas.

Rrfcopot`coóh

M` prfcopot`coóh sf doifrfhco` df m` c`åd` par m` `mtur` dfsdf m` quf tofhf muk`r, sofhda fm
pm`ha df cjaquf sfhsolmfefhtf eàs l`na quf fm df sustfht`coóh dfm sunfta. Fsta pfreotf

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quf m` fhfrkå` quf sf molfr` fh fm eaefhta dfm oep`cta sf tr`hseot` ` tada fm cufrpa, df
iare` quf sf kfhfr`moz`h mas fifctas mfsovas, d`hda muk`r ` uh cu`dra mfsova quf `ifct`
pràctoc`efhtf ` tadas mas sfctarfs carpar`mfs. @så, m` fhfrkå` patfhco`m (e`s` x kr`vfd`d x
`mtur`) `m tor`rsf sf tr`hsiare` fh fhfrkå` cohïtoc`.

Ftoamakå` eïdocamfk`m

M` prfcopot`coóh pufdf sfr `ccodfht`m, suocod` y ` vfcfs jaeocod`.

@ccodfht`m. Fs euy caeþh, sf ohcmuyfh fh fst` v`rofd`d `ccodfhtfs df tr`l`na, t`hta

ohdustro`m caea `kråcam`͸ hoðas e`m vokom`das quf sf prfcopot`h par l`mcahfs y vfht`h`s,
cas` quf t`eloïh pufdf d`rsf fh fhifreas dfmor`htfs.

Suocodoa. Fs m` ftoamakå` eàs irfcufhtf fh m` prfcopot`coóh. Suocodoas par prfcopot`coóh

dfsdf pufhtfs, fdoiocoas df kr`h `mtur` fhtrf atras.

J aeocodoa. Raca irfcufhtf y doiåcom df odfhtoioc`r. @mkuh` vfz sf d` sarprfhdofhda ` m`

våctoe`, quf fs `rran`d` dfsdf uh` vfht`h` a l`mcóh. Fs eàs irfcufhtf caea pracfdoeofhta
ohi`htocod`.

Sfkþh Tjaohat rfsuef m`s mfsoahfs df m` prfcopot`coóh df m` sokuofhtf e`hfr`> ”Rofm

oht`ct` a paca `ifct`d`͸ dfstrazas ohtfrhas euy kr`vfs, cahsostfhtfs fh ir`ctur`s dfm
fsqufmfta, ratur`s df p`rtfs lm`hd`s y, salrf tada df våscfr`s, airfcofhda m`s eàs
v`ro`d`s caeloh`coahfs―.

@så, padfeas dovodor fm cu`dra mfsova df m` prfcopot`coóh fh trfs `p`rt`das> mfsoahfs

cutàhf`s, fsqufmïtoc`s y voscfr`mfs.

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Cahcmusoóh

Caea rfsumt`da df m` prfsfhtf ohvfstok`coóh sf puda `prfco`r quf m` efdocoh` mfk`m

k`r`htoz` m` c`mod`d df m`s prufl`s pfroco`mfs salrf mfsoahfs quf cahtroluy`h ` `ccoahfs df
rfstotucoóh df mas dfrfcjas df m`s våctoe`s, `dapcoóh df efdod`s df pratfccoóh irfhtf `
hufv`s vumhfr`coahfs, dftfccoóh df sotu`coahfs y i`ctarfs df rofka, fm `lard`nf df m`s
mfsoahfs pfrsah`mfs fstàh fhe`rc`d`s fh fm Códoka Rfh`m Yfhfzam`ha. Dfsdf fm puhta df
vost` df mas fifctas nurådocas uh` mfsoóh fs uh` `mtfr`coóh df m` eariamakå` a iosoamakå` df uh
órk`ha, sostfe` a sfkefhta carpar`m, praducoda par uh `kfhtf tr`ueàtoca quf tr`starh` m`
s`mud y c`us` dfsfquomolroa df e`yar a efhar kr`vfd`d sfkþh fm d`ða ac`soah`da, m` mfsoóh
y su dftfreoh`coóh fs uh jfcja oepart`htf df fvodfhco` iåsoc`, par ma t`hta fs oepart`htf su
odfhtoioc`coóh pmfh`. _ mufka df j`lfr fstudo`da y `h`moz`da ma `htfroar fxpufsta sf
`dquofrf uh v`moasa cahacoeofhta `cfrc` df t`h oepart`htf tfe` dfhtra df m` efdocoh`
mfk`m caea ma sah m`s mfsoahfs a tr`ue`toseas.

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Lolmoakr`iå`

Mfsoahamako` a tr`ue`tamakå` eïdoca mfk`m. @dquoroda df

jttps>//fs.scrold.cae/dacuefht/<9;?;;;<?/Mfsoahamako`-a-m`-Tr`ue`tamako`-Efdoca-
Mfk`m

Cm`soioc`coóh df m`s mfsoahfs. @dquoroda df jttps>//fs.smodfsj`rf.hft/rnca`quor`/mfsoahamako`-

iarfhsf-639?<6:6

Do`khastoca eïdoca mfk`m. @dquoroda df

jttps>//fs.wogopfdo`.ark/wogo/Do`kh%C3%L3stocaQe%C3%@?doca

Cm`soioc`coóh sfkþh fm códoka pfh`m vfhfzam`has. @dquoroda df

jttps>//www.eahakr`io`s.cae/tr`l`nas026/cm`soioc`coah-mfsoahfs-sfkuh-cadoka-
pfh`m/cm`soioc`coah-mfsoahfs-sfkuh-cadoka-pfh`m.sjtem

C`åd` y prfcopot`coóh. Oepart`hco` df su fstudoa. @dquoroda df

jttps>//www.eahakr`io`s.cae/tr`l`nas026/cm`soioc`coah-mfsoahfs-sfkuh-cadoka-
pfh`m/cm`soioc`coah-mfsoahfs-sfkuh-cadoka-pfh`m.sjtem

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@hfxas

Mfsoóh par `re` lm`hc`.

Mfsoahfs par `re`s df iufka

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