Personality

Personality
• No two individuals are alike. There
will always be a variation even
when two individuals are placed in
the same environmental
conditions. An individual’s
thinking, feeling, perceiving and
behaving will be different in most
instances. And the consitency in
these variations is what makes our
personality unique.
 Definition of Personality

Etymological Definition Modern Definition

Latin word – per and sonare – sound through Personality is a dynamic organization within an
Greek word – persona – theatrical masks individual of the psychophysical system that
determines his or her characteristics and
thoughts
 Theories of Personality
• Psychoanalytic Model
• Sigmund Freud
• Structure of personality
• Id
• Pleasure principle
• Ego
• Decision system of the personality
• Superego
• Gives inner control to the unhibited desires of the id
• Defense mechanisms
• Operate unconsciously
• Distort reality
• Used in order to protect the ego
 Theories of Personality
• Psychosexual development
• Oral stage
• Birth to 1 year old
• Center of pleasure – mouth, lips, tongue and teeth
• Oral incorporative personality
• Oral aggressive personality
• Anal stage
• 1 ½ to 3 years old
• Erogenous zone – anus
• Anal retentive personality
• Anal expulsive personality
• Phallic stage
• 3 to 5 or 6 years old
• Controversial stage
• Oedipus complex
• Electra complex
• Latency stage
• From phallic up to puberty
• No erogenous zone is explored
• Genital stage
• Puberty to death
Theories of Personality
• Behavioristic Model
• John B. Watson
• He emphasized that if psychology was ever to become a science of behavior, it must
limit itself to the study of events that could be observable objectively
• S-R equation
• Behavior is learned
Theories of
Personality
• Humanistic Model
• Allport, Maslow, Murray and Rogers
• It emphasizes reflection, reasoning, and creative
imagination rather than conditioning
• Man is capable of conscious planing and rational
selection
• Develop as a result of disagreement with central deas
of psychoanalytic and behavioristic approaches
• SELF – directed towards growth and self-actualization
• It fundamentally assumes that man is self-aware,
evaluative, future-oriented, and capable of resisting
environmental infleunces
 Elements of Personality

Levels of Personality Characteristics of Psychological Core Frame of Reference Structural Elements

Personality
External – expressive feelings Dynamic Self-concept – is the individual’s Philosophy of life Perception, motivation,
Internal – structural element Consistent image of what he is like attitudes, traits, sentiments and
found in personality values
 Neuroticism – prone to unpleasant
emotions
Extraversion – seeking excitement and
social contact
Big Five
Agreeableness – compassionate and
Model of trusting
Personality Conscientiousness – self-disciplined and
dutiful
Openness – stimulated by new ideas
Personality
Assessment
Psychometrics

• Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

(MMPI)
• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
• NEO PI-R

Projective Techniques

• Rorschach Inkblots
• Thematic Apperception Test
• Graphology
• Draw-A-Person Test
• House, Tree, Person Test