Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Module 2 - Unit 1
Module 2 - Unit 1
Module 2 - Unit 1
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(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSIPNhOiMoE)
The internet of things is changing much about the world we live in. From the way we drive, to how
we make purchases and (1)___________ how we get energy for our homes. Sophisticated sensors
and chips are (2)___________ in the physical things that surround us, each transmitting
(3)___________ data. Data that lets us better understand how these things work and work together.
But how exactly do these devices share such large quantities of data and how do we put that
information to work? Whether we are (4)___________ the production of a factory, giving city
residents real time update on (5)___________ to park or monitoring our personal health, it’s the
common Internet of Things platform that brings us diverse information together and provides the
common (6)___________ for the devices and apps to communicate with each other. The process
starts with the devices themselves which securely communicate with an Internet of Things platform.
This platform integrates the data from many (7)___________ and applies analytics to share the most
valuable data with applications that address industry specific (8)___________.
Let’s start with a simple example: a car. After taking a long road (9)___________, Rebecca
(10)___________ that her check (11)___________ light has come on. She knows that she needs to
have her car looked at by a mechanic but is not sure whether it’s something minor or something that
(12)___________ immediate attention. As it turns out, the sensor that (13)___________ Rebecca’s
check engine light monitors the pressure in her brake line. This sensor is one of many monitoring
processes throughout the car which are constantly communicating with each other. A component in
the car called the diagnostic bus (14)___________ (15)___________ from all these sensors, then
passes it to a gateway in the car. The gateway integrates and sorts the data from the sensors. This
(16)___________, only the most relevant diagnostic information will be transmitted to the
manufacturers platform but, before sending this organized data, the car’s gateway and platform
(17)___________ first register with each other and confirm a (18)___________ communication. The
platform is constantly gathering and storing thousands of bits of information from Rebecca’s car and
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hundreds of thousands of cars like hers building a historical record in a secure database. The
manufacturers added (19)___________ and logic to the (20)___________, so when Rebecca’s car
sends a signal that her brake fluid has (21)___________ below a (22)___________ level, the
platform triggers an alert in her car.
The manufacturer also uses the platform to create and manage applications that solve specific
issues. In this case, the manufacturer can deploy an application (23)___________ the platform called
the asset management system. This application oversees all of their customers’ cars on the road as
well as all the parts in their warehouses. It uses the data from Rebecca's car to offer her a potential
appointment time to service her car, directions to the nearest (24)___________ dealer and a coupon
for the service. What's more the app will ensure that Rebecca's brakes are covered under her
warranty, that the correct (25)___________ part is ordered and then sent to the dealership so it is
ready when she arrives.
But the manufacturers’ analysis does not stop there; (26)___________ have also deployed a
continuous engineering application that tracks not only Rebecca's car but hundreds of thousands of
others looking for ways to improve (27)___________ design and manufacturing process of the car
itself. If the same problem in her brake line crops up in a critical number of other (28)___________,
the manufacturer uses applications custom-built for the automobile industry to pinpoint the exact
problem. They can see if these cars were made at the (29)___________ factory, used the same parts
or came off the assembly line on the same day. So what do all these pieces add up to?
(30)___________ inventory management for the dealer, a better safer car from the manufacturer
and, for Rebecca, it means she can be back on the road faster and get to where she's going safely all
thanks to the Internet of Things.
a) It disintegrates data.
b) It integrates data.
c) It integrates and analyses data.
d) It brings diverse information together.
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a) It has no brakes.
b) The brake fluid is low.
c) The brake fluid is high.
d) The brake line has broken.
a) collects data
b) amasses data
c) accumulates data
d) harvests data
a) hundreds of cars.
b) thousands of cars
c) millions of cars.
d) hundreds of thousands of cars.
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1.2 Speaking
Internet of Skills – where robotics meets AI, 5G and the Tactile Internet
(figure by Professor Mischa Dohler & Professor Gerhard Fettweis, Fellows of the IEEE)
1.3 Grammar
Passive Tenses
The passive tenses are formed by using the appropriate tense of the verb 'to be' and
the past participle of the main verb.
Form of Passive
Subject + to be + Past Participle
Example:
He prepared an invoice An invoice was prepared.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
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The passive tenses are formed by using the appropriate tense of the verb `to be' and the
past participle of the main verb. The most commonly used passive tenses are:
Simple Present: The invoices are prepared first thing every morning.
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Future Perfect: The invoices will have been prepared by six o'clock this evening.
Passive Tenses
For Questions 1-10, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between
two and five words.
1. The examiner tells candidates the regulations at the beginning of the exam.
TOLD
At the beginning of the exam candidates .................................... the regulations.
5. Experts estimate that most people now have access to the Internet.
IS
.................................................. most people now have access to the Internet.
ARE
Customized computers ………………………………………………………………….. .
1.4 Vocabulary
Word Building (1): Negative Prefixes
Put a cross if you can add the prefixes along the top to the words down the side.
il- im- in- ir- un- dis- non-
Ability
Appearance
Certain
Formal
Interested
Mature
Possible
Rational
Security
Smoking
Use some of these words with their negative prefixes to fill the sentences below.
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Compound Adjectives
These are the most common patterns for forming compound adjectives:
a) adjective or number plus noun plus `-ed': e.g. `grey-haired', `one-sided'
b) adjective or adverb plus past participle: e.g. `low-paid', `well-behaved'
c) adjective or noun plus present participle: e.g. `good-looking', `nice-looking', `labour-saving'
Make a compound adjective out of the underlined phrase, and write it with the word(s) in bold.
e.g.: "Her daughter‘s eyes are blue." >>> "blue-eyed daughter"
Compound Nouns
Here is a list of compound nouns. Complete the sentences below with the compound nouns in the
box:
a) When you report what someone has said in a newspaper in direct speech, you have to
use ..................................
b) To open a ........................... please write your name, address and .............................. and answer
all the questions below. We will then send you a cheque book.
c) If someone breaks into the house, the ................................. will go off. We have got it connected
to the ..................................
d) Doctors often check people's ..................................
e) We're going to Spain - the travel agent's booked a .................................. We're staying in a hotel
where the rooms have ..................................
f) He asked his son to buy some stamps at the ................................. and then put the letter in
the ................................. outside.
g) Some scientists are worried about deforestation which might be contributing to
the ..................................
h) Let's leave the car in this ................................. and get your brother a ................................. for his
birthday.
i) He bought a new car on .................................. He has to make rather big monthly payments.
j) ................................. on motorways and aeroplane travel has been reduced, making it cheaper for
the customer.
1.5 Grammar
Word Search: Find 20 Reporting Verbs
S U G G E S T N I A D M I T T I Q D D
A S K X S Y H C O N F I R M E N U E Y
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Y D A N T N I N Q S N N Y I L F E M L
C E P N I B N S U W T U H E L O S A L
L R A T M M K E I E O I O I I R T N A
A D V I S E H N R R U I N N P M I D G
I T V E T I T R E P O R T I F Y O Y R
M A E A E A R G U E T K R A M E N Y E
O N I R E M A R K M R I F N O C G I E
P D S E M M O C E R Y L P E R W A R N
O R D E R M E N T I O N S S E R T S C
Look at the tables and examples below of the types of Report Structures:
Report Structures:
Reporting: Reported:
`wh'-clause
`if/whether'-clause
Examples:
1. `that'-clause:
Some people might consider that they have to pay too high a price to buy a car.
BMW has announced that 90% of their cars are recyclable.
2. `wh'-clause:
They told me who had been invited to Monica's wedding.
Experts have debated about what is best for the environment.
3. `if/whether'-clause:
I asked him if he would like another drink.
Finish the sentences using Reported speech. Always change the tense, although it is sometimes not
necessary.
Example: Peter: "Clean those shoes!"
Peter told me _________________________
Answer: Peter told me to clean those shoes.
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Practice
Use an appropriate indirect report structure to transform these sentences. The first one has been
done for you as an example.
1. `I've bought a new car.' (He confirmed)
He confirmed that he had bought a new car.
B. Listen again and complete the sentences. Use a maximum of three words for each sentence.
1. Short questions are better because if you ask long ones, people won’t bother ___________ .
2. Open questions allow people to answer ____________________________.
3. With closed questions, the person answering has _________________________________ .
4. It takes a lot longer to analyse the answers to _____________________________________ .
5. When using open questions, it is important to ask for only one _______________________ .
6. Questions should be clear and well structured so that people can see the point __________ .
7. At the start of a questionnaire, you should ask _________________________________ .
8. When designing a questionnaire, you need to look ahead and consider how you’re going to
________________________________ .
C. Look at the questions from a questionnaire below. Match them with descriptions 1-7.
1. Closed questions requiring the answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
2. Questions which require a respondent to indicate how frequently they do something.
3. Questions requiring respondents to tick items in lists or boxes.
4. Questions requiring a choice between alternatives.
5. Questions which require a number (1,2,3 etc.) or limited number of words.
6. Open questions beginning with Who, What, Why, How etc.
7. Questions which require the respondent to choose a number on a scale.
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