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Hamburger Et Al-1992-Developmental Dynamics
Hamburger Et Al-1992-Developmental Dynamics
VIKTOR HAMBURGER
Department of Zoology, Washington University, S t . Louis, Nissouri
HOWARD L. HAMILTON
Department of Zoolo8gy and Entom2070gy, Iowa S t a t e College, Ames
FORTY-FIVE FIGURES
50 V. HAMBURGER A N D H. L. H A M I L T O N
NORMAL STAGES O F T H E C H I C K 51
‘a M
La
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234 HAMBURGER AND HAMILTON
52 V. H A M B U R G E R A N D 13. L. I l A M I L T O N
54 V. HSMBUKGEB A N D H. L. H A M I L T O N
N O R M A L STAGES O F TEE C H I C K 55
56 V. H A M B U R G E R AND H. L. H A M I L T O N
N O R M A L STAGES O F T H E C H I C K 57
a broad curve. The t r u n k is distinct. Rotation extends to
somites 11 to 13.
6. V%soeralarches: Visceral arch 3 and cleft 3 are distinct.
The latter is shorter than cleft 2 and usually oval in shape.
7. Eye: Optic cup is completely formed; double contour dis-
tinct in region of iris.
Stage 16. (Hamburger-Sannders stage 2 ; ca. 51-56 hrs.).
1. Lateral body-folds extend to somites 17-20, between levels
of wings a n d legs.
2. L i m b s . Wing is lifted off blastoderm by infolding of lateral
body-fold. It is represented by a thickened ridge. Primordinm
of leg is. still flat; represented by a condensation of nieso-
derm.
3. flomites: 26-28.
4. Amnion extends to somites 10-18.
5. Plexures and rotaiion: All flexures a r e more accentiiated
than in stage 15. Rotation extends to somites 14-15.
6. Tail-bwd a short, straight cone, delimited from blastoderm.
7. Vislceral arches: Third cleft still oval i n shape.
8. Forebrain lengthened ; constrictions between brain-parts are
deepened. Epiphysis indistinct or not yet formed.
Xtage 17. (Hamburger-Saunders stage 3 ; ca. 52-64 hrs.).
1. Lateral body-folds extend around the entire circumference
of the body.
2. L i m b - b u d s : both wing- a n d leg-buds lifted off blastoderill
by infolding of the body-folds. Both are distinct swellings of
approximately equal size (see plate 5 ) .
3. Xomdtes: 29-32
4. A m n i o n : Considerable variability, ranging from a condition
i n which posterior t r u n k a n d tail, from approximately somite
26, are uncovered, to complete closure except for an oval hole
over somites 28-36. Intermediate stages with a n anterior fold
covering as f a r back as somite 25 and a posterior fold
covering p a r t of the tail are common.
5. Plextcres and rotation: Cranial flexure is unchanged. Cer-
vical flexure is more sharply bent than in preceding stages,
b u t its angle is still larger than 90". Trunk-flexure is distinct
in brachial level. Rotation extends to somites 17-18.
6. T a d - b u d bent ventrad. Its mesodern1 unsegmented.
7. Epiphysis: a distinct knob. Indication of nasal pzts.
8. Allantois: not yet formed.
240 HAMBURGERANDHAMILTON
58 V. H A M B U R G E E A N D H. L. HA1\!tILTON
NOlX1RIAL STAGES O F T H E C H I C K 59
60 V. TIAMBURGER A N D H. L. HAMILTON
62 T7. H A M B U R G E R A N D JT. L. H A M I L T O N
N O R M A L STAGES O F T H E C H I C K 63
64 T. HA1\4BURGER A X D H. L. H A M I L T O N
66 V. HAMBURGER A N D H. L. IIAMILTON
N O R M A L STAGES O F THZ C H I C K 67
REFERENCES
DUVAL,MATHIAS 1889 Atlas d’Embryologie. (116 pp., 40 plates). Paris.
HAMBURGER, VIKTOR 1938 Morphogenetic and axial self-differentiation of
transplanted limb primordia of 2-day chick embryos. J. Exp. Zool.,
7 7 : 379-399.
1942 A Manual of Experiinental Embryology. 213 pp. University
of Chicago Press.
IIELBEL,
F., A N D K. ABRAHAM 1900 Normentaf el zur Entwicklungsgeschiclite
des Huhnes (Gallus domesticus). 132 pp. Jena.
NELSONT., JR. 1942 Location of organ-specific regions and their re-
SPRATT,
lationship to the development of the primitive streak in the early
chick blastoderm. J. Exp. Zool., 89: 69-101.
_~ 1946 Formcation of the primitive streak i n the explanted chick
blastoderm marked with carbon particles.. J. Exp. Zool., 103: 259-
304.
SAUNDERS, JOHN W., JR. 1948 The proximo-distal sequence of origin of the
parts of the chick wing and the role of the ectoderm. J. Exp. Zool.,
108: 3 6 3 4 0 3 .
EXPLANATION O F P L A T E S
All numbers in the following plates refer to the corresponding stage numbers in
the text. The description of each stage should be consulted for a more complete
explanation of the figures.
PLATE 1
EXPLANATION O F FIGURES
68
NORMAL STAGES OF THE CHICK 251
PLATE 2
IIXPLANATION O F FJCr1JRF.S
I’l,i\TK 3
ESPLAXATIOX O F FIGDRliS
74
NORMAL STAGES OF THE CHICK 255
PLATE 3
75
256 HAMBURGER AND HAMILTON
PLATE 4
EXPLANAlION O F FIGURES
Stages 15-18, x 1 2 . Contours of limbs for stages 1 7 and 18 are shown in the
drawings o n plate 5.
76
NORMAL STAGES OF THE CHICK 257
PLATE 4
258 HAMBURGER AND HAMILTON
PLATE 5
WINGS
;) .:. ..
i:
1
......
.....
<,:
.:;..-
LEGS
j ....
...
...>
...:
.....
.;;.
.,,,:.,:.
....
.;.
2,.
.i
STAGE 17
.:) ...','.
.,.,... ,...
......
.I
.:.....
.
..:..,
.:>'.
.....
. .....
....
. . .....:..
STAGE 18
')
:;::i:l:
.....:I.
....
.....:,.
.....
....
......
.I.'
.......
......
......
.:.:t. . . I:
. /I
.:
:
.........
,.::*:
. ..:-.
.._.
.... LEGS
.. >. :
..;.::$p
.: jj.;
.:i
...!..?<*
,..cx
?
;:.;.
...
..('
..I..
STAGE 19 STAGE 20
1)ixwiiigs of the c o n t o u r s of t h e ~ i g l i tliiiihs of stages 17-2U, ca. x 12. In stage 2U tlii: ilottctl
at which the Icngtlt ( I d ) :m(1 width ('A') art! iiie:isui.c:d ( s e e text; st:isw
lilies iiltlicatc: thc lerels
18-32).
78
NORMAL STAGES OF THE CHICK 259
I’1,AT‘d i
E M ’ T A N AT1 0 f; 0 L” PIG I’ KES
80
NORMAL STAGES OF THE CHICK 261
PLATE 7
81
262 HAMBURGER AND HAMILTON
1'1-ATE 8
Drawings of the region of the visceral arclies, iiiade from camera lueida tracings. S t a g e s
23-25, x 7. Stages 26-28, X 4.2. I-IV = visceral arches; mx., md. = maxillary and manrlibu-
lar processes of visceral arch I; 4 = 4th visceral cleft. s e e text f o r explallation of letters a - f .
82
NORMAL STAGES OF THE CHICK 263
PLATE 1 0
EXPLANATION O F FIGURES
84
NORMAL STAGES OF THE CHICK 265
85
266 HAMBURGERAND HAMILTON
NORMAL STAGES OF THE CHICK 267
87
268 HAMBUFtGERANDHAMILTON
I’TATI? 1 2
NORMAL STAGES OF THE CHICK 269
Rtnges 36-39, X 2.
A9
270 HAMBURGER AND HAMILTON
00
NORMAL STAGES OF THE CHICK 271
Stages 40-43, x I$. The white arrows o n the leg of stage 42 indicate the points between
which mensurenients a r e made t o determine the leiigth of the third (longest) toe in stages 36-45.
91
272 HAMBURGER AND HAMILTON
92