Created by T.

Madas

DIFFERENTIATION II
EXAM QUESTIONS

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (**)
The curve C has equation

x2
y= , x≠−1
2x +1 2

a) Show clearly that

dy 2 x 2 + 2 x
= .
dx ( 2 x + 1)2

b) Find the coordinates of the stationary points of C .

[the nature of these stationary points need not be determined]

( 0, 0 ) & ( −1, −1)

Question 2 (**)
A curve C has equation

y = x −3 , x > 3.

Find an equation of the normal to C at the point where x = 7

C3A , 4 x + y = 30

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (**)
Differentiate each of the following expressions with respect to x , simplifying the final
answers as far as possible

3
(
a) y = x 2 − 4 )
b) y = x cos 2 x

sin x
c) y =
x

dy 2 dy dy x cos x − sin x
C3A ,
dx
(
= 6 x x2 − 4 ) ,
dx
= cos 2 x − 2 x sin 2 x ,
dx
=
x2

Question 4 (**)

4x − 3 3
f ( x) = , x≠− .
2x + 3 2

Evaluate f ′ ( 3) .

f ′ ( 3) = 2
9

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 5 (**)
The curve C has equation

x
y = ln x − , x > 0 .
4

Find the exact coordinates of the turning point of C , determining by calculation whether
it is a maximum or minimum.

max ( 4, 2ln 2 − 1)

Question 6 (**)
The curve C has equation

y = x ln x , x > 0 .

Find the exact coordinates of the turning point of C .

( 1e , − 1e )

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 7 (**)
Differentiate each of the following expressions with respect to x , simplifying the final
answers as far as possible.

6
(
a) y = 1 − x 2 )
b) y = x3 sin 3x

5x
c) y = 3
x +2

dy 5 dy (
dy 10 1 − x
3
)
C3F , (
= −12 x 1 − x 2 ) , 2
= 3 x ( sin 3 x + x cos 3 x ) , = 2
dx dx dx
(x3 + 2 )

Question 8 (**+)
A curve has equation

( )
y = x 2 + 3x + 2 cos 2 x .

Determine an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where the curve crosses
the y axis.

C3L , y = 3 x + 2

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 9 (**+)
A curve C has equation

y = x e2 x , x ∈
.

Show that an equation of the tangent to C at the point where x = 1 is

2

2 y = e ( 4 x − 1) .

C3N , proof

Question 10 (**+)
A curve C has equation

y = x2 + 1 , x ∈
.

Show that an equation of the normal to C at the point where x = 1 is given by

y = 2 (2 − x) .

C3C , proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 11 (**+)
The point P , where x = 2 , lies on the curve with equation

( )
f ( x ) = ln x 2 + 4 .

Show that an equation of the normal to the curve at P , is given by

y + 2 x = 4 + 3ln 2 .

proof

Question 12 (**+)
The curve C has equation

x
y= , x > 0 , x ≠ e−1 .
1 + ln x

Show that C has a single stationary point and find its coordinates.

C3J , (1,1)

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 13 (**+)
The curve C has equation

y = 3 1+ 6x , x ≥ − 1 .
6

Show clearly that

dy 2
= .
dx y 2

proof

Question 14 (**+)
Given that

y = x cos x , x ∈

dy 3π 3π
Show clearly that the value of at x = is .
dx 2 2

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 15 (***)

d 2
a) Find
dx
(x cot 2 x )
b) Show clearly that

d
( tan x ) = sec2 x
dx

dy
dx
(
= 2 x cot 2 x − xcosec2 2 x )

Question 16 (***)
The curve C has equation

y = ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) + ln x , x > 0 .

(
a) Show that one of the turning points of C has coordinates 1 , 3 − ln 2 and find
2 4 )
the coordinates of the other.

(
b) Determine the nature of the turning point with coordinates 1 , 3 − ln 2 .
2 4 )
(1,0 ) , (
max 1 , 3 − ln 2
2 4 )

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 17 (***)
The point P , where x = 2 , lies on the curve with equation

3
1
6
(
y = x2 + 5 ) 2
, x∈
.

Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at P .

C3H , y = 3x − 3
2

Question 18 (***)
Differentiate each of the following expressions with respect to x , writing the final
answers as simplified fractions.

ln x
a) y = .
1 + ln x

 1 
b) y = ln  2 .
 x +9

dy 1 dy 2x
C3L , = , = −
dx x (1 + ln x )2 dx x2 + 9

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 19 (***)
A curve has equation

3
x = ( y + 2) .

dy dx
a) Find in terms of x , by first finding .
dx dy

b) By making y the subject of the equation and differentiating the resulting

equation, verify the result of part (a).

dy 1
= 2
dx 3 x 3

Question 20 (***)
The point P , where x = π , lies on the curve with equation

f ( x ) = e x sin 2 x , 0 ≤ x < 2π .

Show that an equation of the normal to the curve at P , is given by

x + 2 y eπ = π .

C3J , proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 21 (***)
The curve C has equation

− 12 x 2
y = xe , x∈
.

dy
a) Find an expression for .
dx

b) Find the exact coordinates of the turning points of C .

dy − 1 x2  1   1 
C3C ,
dx
( )
= 1 − x 2 e 2 , 1,

 ,  −1, −
e 

e

Question 22 (***)

x2 x
f ( x) = 2 − + ln   , x > 0 .
3 4

a) Find an expression for f ′ ( x ) .

b) Find β in exact surd form, such that f ′ ( β ) = 0 .

1 2 1
f ′( x ) = − x, β = 6
x 3 2

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 23 (***)
A curve C has equation

x
y = ln   , x > 0 .
4

Find an equation of the normal to C at the point where x = 4

C3M , y = 16 − 4 x

Question 24 (***)
A curve has equation

x = 2 y +1 , y ≥ − 1 .
2

dy dx
a) Find in terms of x , by first finding .
dx dy

b) By making y the subject of the above equation and differentiating the resulting
equation, verify the result of part (a).

dy
C3M , =x
dx

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 25 (***)
Given that

y = cos 4 x

dy π
find the value of at x = .
dx 4

dy
= −1
dx

Question 26 (***)
π
The point P with x = lies on the curve with equation
4

f ( x ) = 3sin 2 x + cos 2 x , 0 ≤ x < 2π .

a) Find the gradient at P .

b) Show that an equation of the tangent to the curve at P , is given by

4x + 2 y = 6 + π .

−2

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 27 (***)
The point A , where x = 1 , lies on the curve with equation

f ( x ) = ( x + 1) ln x , x > 0 .

Find an equation of the normal to the curve at A .

2y + x =1

Question 28 (***)
Differentiate each of the following expressions with respect to x , simplifying the final
answers as far as possible

4
a) y = .
( 2 x − 1)2

b) y = x3 e −2 x .

2 x2 + 1
c) y = .
3x 2 + 1

dy 16 dy dy 2x
C3K , =− 3
, = x 2 ( 3 − 2 x ) e −2 x , =− 2
dx ( 2 x − 1) dx dx
( )
3x 2 + 1

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 29 (***)
Given that

3
(
y = 2+e )
3x 2

dy
find the value of at x = 1 ln 2 .
dx 3

dy
C3U , = 18
dx

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 30 (***)
A curve has equation

2 x 2 + 3x 6
y= 2
− 2
, x∈
, 0 < x < 2.
2x − x − 6 x −x−2

a) Show clearly that

x+3
y= , x∈
, 0 < x < 2.
x +1

b) Show further that the equation of the normal to the curve at the point where
x = 1 passes through the origin.

C3E , proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 31 (***)
Differentiate each of the following expressions with respect to x , simplifying the final
answers where possible.

1
a) y = .
1− 2x

b) y = e3 x ( sin x + cos x ) .

ln x
c) y = .
x2

dy −3 dy dy 1 − 2ln x
C3C , = (1 − 2 x ) 2 , = 2 e3 x ( sin x + 2cos x ) , =
dx dx dx x3

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 32 (***)
A curve has equation

y = x e2 x , x ∈
.

Show clearly that

d2y dy
−4 + 4y = 0 .
dx 2 dx

proof

Question 33 (***)
The point A , where x = 1 , lies on the curve with equation
2

2
y = e2 x + , x ≠ 0.
x

Show that an equation of the tangent to the curve at A is given by

y = ( 2e − 8 ) x + 8 .

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 34 (***)
Given that

y = 2sin x tan x

dy π
find the exact value of at x = .
dx 3

dy
dx =5 3

Question 35 (***)
Differentiate each of the following expressions with respect to x , simplifying the final
answers where possible.

a) y = x 2 − 1

b) y = x 4 ln x

ex −1
c) y =
ex +1

dy − 12 dy dy 2e x
C3Q , (
= x x2 − 1 ) , = 4 x3 ln x + x3 , = 2
dx dx dx
( ex +1)

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 36 (***)
The point A , where x = 2 , lies on the curve with equation

f ( x ) = x ln x , x > 0 .

Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at A , giving the answer in the form
y = mx + c , where m and c are exact constants.

y = x (1 + ln 2 ) − 2

Question 37 (***)
A curve C has equation

x = y 2 ln y , y > 0 .

Show that an equation of the normal to C at the point where y = e is

(
y + 3ex = e 3e2 + 1 . )
C3P , proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 38 (***)
Given that

y = ln ( cos x + sec x )

dy π
find the exact value of at x = .
dx 3

dy 3
= 3
dx 5

Question 39 (***)
The curve C has equation

x = 4sin y , x > 0 .

dy
a) Find in terms of y .
dx

π
b) Show that an equation of the normal to the curve at the point where y = is
3

3 y + 6 x = π + 12 3 .

dy 1
=
dx 4cos y

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 40 (***)

1
f ( x ) = 5ln x + , x > 0 .
x

a) Solve the equation

f ′( x) = 0 .

b) Hence write down the y coordinate of the turning point of f ( x ) in the form
k − k ln k , where k is an integer.

c) Find f ′′ ( x ) and use it to determine the nature of the turning point of f ( x ) .

2 5
5 x x
()
x = 1 , y = 5 − 5ln 5 f ′′ ( x ) = 3 − 2 , f ′′ 1 = 125 > 0 so minimum
5

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 41 (***)
The curve C with equation y = 4 x + e−2 x has a turning point at A .

a) Find the exact coordinates of A and determine whether it is a local maximum or

a local minimum.

The curve C lies entirely above the x axis.

b) Calculate the exact value of area bounded by the curve C , the x axis and the
lines x = 1 and x = −1 .

( ) (
min − 1 ln 2, 2 − 2ln 2 , area = 1 e2 − e−2
2 2 )

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 42 (***)
The curve C with equation y = e 2 x − 18 x + 11 has a turning point at A .

a) Find the exact coordinates of A and determine whether it is a local maximum or

a local minimum.

The curve C lies entirely above the x axis.

b) Calculate the exact value of area bounded by the curve C , the coordinate axes
and the line x = 1 .

(
min ( ln 3, 20 − 18ln 3 ) , area = 1 e2 + 3
2 )

Question 43 (***)

( )
f ( x ) = x ln 1 + x 2 , x ∈
.

Show that an equation of the tangent to the curve with equation y = f ( x ) , at the point
where x = 1 , is given by

y = x (1 + ln 2 ) − 1 .

C3V , proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 44 (***)
The equation of the curve C is given by

y = e 2 x ( cos x + sin x ) .

dy
a) Find an expression for .
dx

dy
b) Show further that can be simplified to
dx

dy
= e2 x ( sin x + 3cos x ) .
dx

c) Hence show that the x coordinates of the turning points of C satisfy

tan x = −3

dy
C3R , = 2e 2 x ( cos x + sin x ) + e 2 x ( cos x − sin x )
dx

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 45 (***)
A curve has equation

y2 = 2x +1, x ≥ − 1 , y ≥ 0 .
2

dy
a) Use implicit differentiation to find in terms of x .
dx

b) By making x the subject of the equation and differentiating the resulting

equation, verify the result of part (a).

dy 1
=
dx 2x + 1

Question 46 (***)
By differentiating both sides of the equation

π
ln ( sin x ) = ln ( sec x ) , 0 ≤ x < ,
2

π
show that the only solution is x = .
4

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 47 (***)
A curve has equation

y = x 2 cos x , x ∈
.

Show that the tangent to the curve at the point where x = π is given by

y + 2π x = π 2 .

proof

Question 48 (***)
Find an equation of the normal to the curve with equation

y = x 1 + 3 x − ln ( 3 x − 2 ) , x ∈
, x > 2 ,
3

at the point on the curve where x = 1 .

y = 4x − 2

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 49 (***+)
A function is defined by

f ( x ) = ex −1 , x ≥ 0 .

a) Find the values of …

i. … f ( ln 5 ) .

ii. … f ′ ( ln 5) .

The inverse function of f ( x ) is g ( x ) .

b) Determine an expression for g ( x ) .

c) State the value of g ′ ( 2 ) .

( )
f ( ln5 ) = 2 , f ′ ( ln5 ) = 5 , g ( x ) = ln x 2 + 1 , g ′ ( 2 ) = 4
4 5

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 50 (***+)
A curve has equation

y ( y − 1) = 5 x − 3 .

Find the gradient at each of the points on the curve where x = 3 .

C3E , ± 5
7

Question 51 (***+)
The curve C has equation

f ( x ) = ( 2 x − 1) e−2 x , x ∈
.

a) Find an expression for f ′ ( x ) .

b) Show clearly that

f ′′ ( x ) = 4 ( 2 x − 3) e−2 x .

c) Hence find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C and determine its
nature.

(
f ′ ( x ) = 4 (1 − x ) e−2 x max 1, e−2 )

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 52 (***+)
A curve has equation

y = ( 3 x + 2 ) e−2 x .

Show clearly that …

dy
a) … = − ( 6 x + 1) e −2 x .
dx

d2y dy
b) … 2
+4 + 4y = 0.
dx dx

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 53 (***+)
The curve C has equation

y = x2 e x , x ∈
.

a) Find the exact coordinates of the stationary points of C .

d2y
b) By considering the sign of at each of these points determine their nature.
dx 2

 4
C3Q , min ( 0, 0 ) , max  −2, 2 
 e 

Question 54 (***+)
The curve C has equation

3
y = 12ln x − x 2 , x > 0 .

Determine the range of values of x for which y is decreasing.

x>4

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 55 (***+)
The curve C has equation

kx 2 − a
y= ,
kx 2 + a

where k and a are non zero constants.

dy
a) Find a simplified expression for in terms of a and k .
dx

b) Hence show that C has a single turning point for all values of a and k , and
state its coordinates.

dy 4akx
C3W , = 2
, ( 0, −1)
dx
(
kx 2 + a )

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 56 (***+)
The curve C has equation

x 2 − 6 x + 12 11
y= , x∈
, x ≠ .
4 x − 11 4

dy
a) Find a simplified expression for .
dx

b) Determine the range of values of x , for which y is decreasing.

dy 4 x 2 − 22 x + 18
C3X , = , 1< x < 9
2 2
dx ( 4 x − 11)

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 57 (***+)
A curve C has equation

1
y = 4 x 2 ln ( 3 x − 1) , x ∈
, x > .
3

d2y
Show that the value of at the point where x = 1 is
dx 2

15 + 8ln 2 .

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 58 (***+)
The curve C has equation

x2
f ( x) = , x∈
, x ≠ a ,
( x − a )2

where a is a non zero constant.

Given that f ′ ( 2a ) = −2 , determine the value of a .

MP2-N , a = 2

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 59 (***+)
Show clearly that …

d  32 2 x  1 1
2x
i. …  x e  = ( 4 x + 3) x 2 e .
dx   2

d  4x +1  6
ii. …  = .
dx  1 − 2 x  (1 − 2 x )2

d
iii. …
dx
( ln ( sec x + tan x ) ) = sec x .

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 60 (***+)
The curve C has equation

y = x ln x , x > 1 .

Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where x = e4 giving the answer
in the form ay = bx − e4 , where a and b are integers.

MP2-M , 4 y = 9 x − e 4

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 61 (***+)
The curve C has equation

y = e 2 x ( 2 x − 1) , x ∈
.

Show clearly that

dy 4 xy
= .
dx 2 x − 1

proof

Question 62 (***+)

f ( x ) = ln ( cosec x − cot x ) , 0 < x < π .

Show clearly that

f ′ ( x ) = cosec x .

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 63 (***+)

x2 − 4 x + 1
f ( x) = , x ∈
, x ≠ 4 .
x−4

3
Solve the equation f ′ ( x ) = .
4

x = 2, 6

Question 64 (***+)
The curve C has equation

1
( )
y = ln x 2 − 4 − x 2 , x > 2 .
5

Find the exact coordinates of the turning points of C and determine their nature.

( ) (
max −3,ln 5 − 9 , max 3, ln 5 − 9
5 5 )

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 65 (***+)

x
f ( x) = 2
, x∈
.
x +4

a) Find an expression for f ′ ( x ) .

b) Determine the range of values of x , for which f ( x ) is decreasing.

4 − x2
C3O , f ′ ( x ) = 2
, x < −2 or x > 2
(x 2
+4 )

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 66 (***+)
A curve C is defined by the function

1 + sin 2 x
f ( x) = , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
4 + cos 2 x

a) Show clearly that

2 + 2sin 2 x + 8cos 2 x
f ′( x) = 2
.
( 4 + cos 2 x )

π
b) Show further that the equation of the tangent to C at the point with x = is
2
given by

2x + 3 y = π +1.

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 67 (***+)
A curve C has equation

4x + k k
y= , x≠ ,
4x − k 4

where k is a non zero constant.

dy
a) Find a simplified expression for , in terms k .
dx

The point P lies on C , where x = 3 .

8
b) Given that the gradient at P is − , show that one possible value of k is 48
27
and find the other.

dy 8k
C3F , =− , k =3
dx ( 4 x − k )2

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 68 (***+)
A curve C has equation

( )
y = e2 x x2 − 4 x − 2 , x ∈
.

a) Show clearly that

dy
dx
(
= 2 e2 x x 2 − 3x − 4 . )
b) Show further that

d2y
dx 2 ( )
= 2e2 x 2 x 2 − 4 x − 11 .

d2y
c) Hence find the exact coordinates of the stationary points of C and use to
dx 2
determine their nature.

( ) (
C3G except (b) , min 4, −2 e8 , max −1,3e−2 )

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 69 (***+)
The curve C has equation given by

x
y= , y > 0.
y 2 + ln y

Show that an equation of the normal to C at the point (1,1) is

4x + y = 5 .

C3B , proof

Question 70 (***+)

1 2 3
f ( x) = x − ln ( x − 1) , x ∈
, x > 1 .
4

Find the range of values of x for which f ( x ) is a decreasing function.

1< x < 3

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 71 (***+)
Show clearly that …

d  3
2 x ( 2 x + 3)  = 2 x 2 (16 x + 9 )( 2 x + 3) .
5 4
i. …
dx  

d  2 x2 + 1 2x
ii. …  2 =− 2
.
dx  3 x + 1 
(
3x 2 + 1 )
d
iii. … ln ( sec x + tan x )  = sec x .
dx 

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 72 (***+)
The curve C has equation

y = e 2 x − 4e x − 16 x .

a) Show that the x coordinates of the stationary points of C satisfy the equation

e2 x − 2 e x − 8 = 0 .

b) Hence determine the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C , giving the
answer in terms of ln 2 .

C3B , ( 2 ln 2, −32 ln 2 )

Question 73 (***+)
Given that

( )
y = x 2 + 8 x e −4 x ,

dy
find the exact value of at x = − 1 .
dx 2

dy
= 22 e2
dx x =− 12

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 74 (***+)
The equation of a curve C is

x
y= , x∈
.
x2 + 9

a) Find the coordinates of the stationary points of C .

d2y
b) Evaluate the exact value of at each of these stationary points.
dx 2

d2y 1
6 ( )(
C3R , 3, 1 , −3, − 1 ,
6 )
dx 2
=∓
54
x =±3

Question 75 (***+)
The point A , where x = 2 , lies on the curve with equation

1x
(
y = x2 − 3 e 2 .)
Show that an equation of the tangent to the curve at A is given by

2 y = ( 9 x − 16 ) e .

proof

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 76 (***+)
Differentiate each of the following expressions with respect to x , simplifying the final
answer as far as possible.

a) y = sec2 x .

6
b) y = x (1 − 2 x ) .

sin x
c) y = .
2 − cos x

dy dy 5 5 dy 2 cos x − 1
= 2sec2 x tan x , = (14 x − 1)( 2 x − 1) = (1 − 14 x )(1 − 2 x ) , =
dx dx dx ( 2 − cos x )2

Question 77 (***+)
Given that

y = 3tan 3 2 x

dy π
find the value of at x = .
dx 6

dy
= 216
dx x=
π
6

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 78 (***+)
The following trigonometric identity is given

sin 3 x ≡ 3sin x − 4sin 3 x .

By differentiating both sides of the above trigonometric identity with respect to x , find
the corresponding identity for cos 3x in terms of cos x .

C3F, add proof for sin 3x , cos 3 x = 4cos3 x − 3cos x

Question 79 (***+)

f ( x ) = 8 x 2 + 8 x + ln x , x > 0 .

a) Show clearly that

2
f ′( x) =
( ax + b )
,
x

where a and b are integers.

b) Hence show that f ( x ) is an increasing function.

a = 4, b = 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 80 (***+)

sin x
f ( x) = , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
2 − cos x

a) Find a simplified expression for f ′ ( x ) .

b) Hence find the minimum and maximum value of f ( x ) .

2 cos x − 1
f ( x) = , − 3 ≤ f ( x) ≤ 3
2 3 3
( 2 − cos x )

Question 81 (***+)

f ( x ) = x2 2 x + 1 , x ≥ − 1 .
2

Show clearly that

x (5x + 2)
f ′( x) = .
2x +1

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 82 (***+)
The curve C has equation

x + 13
y= , x ≠ −3, 2 .
( x − 2 )( x + 3)

The point A lies on C and has x = −1 .

dy
a) Find the value of at A .
dx

b) Find an equation of the tangent to C at A , giving the final answer in the form
ax + by + c = 0 , where a , b and c are integers.

1 , x − 6 y − 11 = 0
6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 83 (***+)

y = e − x sin ( 3x ) , x ∈
.
Find the exact value of each of the constants R and α so that

dy
dx
= R e− x cos ( )
3x + α ,

π
where R > 0 and 0 < α < .
2

π
C3H , R = 2 , α =
6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 84 (***+)
A curve has equation

2 ( )
y = 1 ln x , x > 0 .
3

dy
a) Find an expression for in terms of x .
dx

b) By making x the subject of the equation and differentiating the resulting

dx
equation, find .
dy

c) Use the results of parts (a) and (b), to deduce that

dy dx
× = 1.
dx dy

dy 1 dx
C3O , = , = 6e2 y = 2 x
dx 2 x dy

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 85 (***+)
A curve C has equation

1x
y = e 2 − x2 , x ∈
.

The curve has a single stationary point at x = x0 , such that n < x0 < n + 1 , n ∈  .

Determine the value of n .

n=5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 86 (***+)
A curve has equation

y = ( x + a ) sin x ,

where a is a non zero constant.

dy
a) Find an expression for .
dx

d2y
b) Show that + y is independent of a .
dx 2

dy d2y
= ( a + x ) cos x + sin x , + y = 2cos x
dx dx 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 87 (***+)
The curve C has equation

( x + 3)( x − 1) − 3ln
y= ( x + 2) , x > −2 .
x+2

a) Show clearly that

dy ax 2 + bx + c
= ,
dx ( x + 2 )2

where a , b and c are constants to be found.

b) Deduce that the graph of C is increasing for all allowable values of x .

a =1 , b =1 , c =1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 88 (***+)
The curve C has equation

y = 1 x2 − e4 x .
2

Show clearly that C has a point of inflection, determining its exact coordinates.

 − ln 2, 1 ( ln 2 ) 2 − 1 
 2 16 

Question 89 (***+)

x +1
y= , x ≠ 2, x ≠ 1 .
( x − 2 )( 2 x − 1) 2

dy
Find the value of at x = 1 .
dx

dy
=1
dx x =1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 90 (***+)
A curve C has equation

1
y = e2 x + 3 , x ∈
.
4

The point P lies on C where x = ln 2 .

a) Show that the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point P is

2 x − y + 4 = ln 4 .

This tangent meets the x axis at the point A , and the normal to the curve at the point P
meets the x axis at the point B .

b) Show that the area of the triangle APB is 20 square units.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 91 (***+)

P
f ( x)

O π x

The figure above shows the graph of the curve with equation

sin x
f ( x) = , 0≤ x ≤π .
2 − cos x

The curve has a stationary point at P .

Determine the exact coordinates of P .

(
C3C , P 1 π , 1 3
3 3 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 92 (***+)

y = e− x

y = e− x sin x

x
O

The figure above shows the graph of

y = e− x and y = e − x sin x , 0 ≤ x ≤ π .

The curve with equation y = e − x sin x has a local maximum at the point where x = x1 .

The curves touch each other at the point where x = x2 .

Show clearly that

π
x2 − x1 = .
4

C3Y , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 93 (***+)

y
A

12
y = ex sin 6 x

x
O

The figure above shows the graph of the curve with equation

12 π
y = ex sin 6 x , 0 ≤ x ≤ .
3

The curve has a local maximum at the point A .

Find, in terms of π , the x coordinate of A .

π
C3K ,
9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 94 (***+)

6 x − 13
f ( x) = , x ∈
, x ≠ −2,3 .
( x + 2 )( x − 3)

a) Show clearly that

A B
f ( x) = + ,
( x + 2 ) ( x − 3)

where A and B are integers.

b) Hence show further that f ( x ) is a decreasing function.

A = 5, B = 1

Question 95 (***+)

3
(
x = ln y 2 + 9 ) 2
.

Show clearly that

dy y 3
= + .
dx 3 y

C3Z , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 96 (****)
The curve C has equation

y = 12 x 2 − 2 x + sin 2 2 x .

Show clearly that C has no points of inflection.

proof

Question 97 (****)

y = ax , a > 0 , a ≠ 1.

a) Show clearly that

dy
= a x ln a .
dx

A curve has equation

2 x
y = ( ln x ) − 12 ( 0.5 ) , x > 0 .

b) Show that at the point of the curve where x = 2 , the gradient is 4ln 2 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 98 (****)
The curve C has equation

2 x 2 − 1 − 2ln x x
y= , x >0.
x

The curve has a point of inflection at P .

Show that the straight line with equation y = x is a tangent to C at P .

SYN-D , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 99 (****)

x−2
y= , x ≠ −1 , x ≠ 1 .
( x + 1)( 2 x − 1) 2

d2y
Find the value of at x = 1 .
dx 2

d2y 31
2
=−
dx 4
x =1

Question 100 (****)

The equation of a curve C is

y = e −2 x x , x ≥ 0 .

Determine the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C .

( 14 , 21e )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 101 (****)

The curve C has equation

1
x = y 1− 4 y , y ≤ .
4

a) Show clearly that

dy 1− 4 y
= .
dx 1 − 6 y

b) Show further that an equation of the tangent to C at the point where y = −2 is

3 x − 13 y − 8 = 0 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 102 (****)

Differentiate each the following expressions with respect to x , simplifying the final
answers as far as possible.

(Fractional answers must not involve double fractions)

a) y = sin 3 2 x .

b) y = x tan 4 x .

 x +1
c) y = ln  .
 x 

dy dy dy 1
= 6sin 2 2 x cos 2 x , = tan 4 x + 4 x sec2 4 x , =− 2
dx dx dx x +x

Question 103 (****)

ln 2
f ( x ) = e−2 x + , x ∈
, x > ln 4 .
x

a) Show that f ( x ) in a decreasing function.

b) Hence find the range of f ( x ) .

C3U , f ( x ) ∈
, f ( x ) < 9
16

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 104 (****)

Given that

y = 5 − 2e ( )
−2 x −1

show clearly that

dy
= 2 (5 − y ) .
dx

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 105 (****)

f ( x ) = x 9 − 4 x2 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 .
2

a) Find an expression for f ′ ( x ) .

b) Show further that

9 − 8x2
f ′( x) = .
2
9 − 4x

c) Hence calculate that the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C .

1 − 12
(
f ′ ( x ) = 9 − 4 x2 ) 2
(
− 4 x2 9 − 4 x2 ) , ( 342 , 94 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 106 (****)

Differentiate each of the following expressions with respect to x , simplifying the
answers as far as possible.

(
a) y = e −4 x x 2 + 1 . )
2
b) y = 1 + 2 e2 x .

4 x2 + 3x
c) y = .
x2 − 7 x

2
dy dy 4 x e2 x dy 31
dx
( )
= −2e −4 x 2 x 2 − x + 2 ,
dx
=
2
,
dx
=−
( x − 7 )2
1 + 2e2 x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 107 (****)

A curve has equation

y = e −2 x + ax e −2 x ,

where a is a non zero constant.

d2y 2 −1
Show that the value of at the stationary point of the curve is −2a e a .
dx 2

SYN-E , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 108 (****)

The curve C has equation given by

x
y= , x≥2.
x−2

a) Show clearly that …

dy x−4
i. … = .
dx 2 ( x − 2 ) 32

d2y 8− x
ii. … 2
= 5 .
dx 4 ( x − 2) 2

b) Hence find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C , and determine its
nature.

(
min at 4, 2 2 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 109 (****)

The curve C has equation

2ln x − 1
y= , x >0.
2ln x + 1

a) Show clearly that

dy 4
= .
dx x ( 2ln x + 1) 2

b) Show that the equation of the normal at the point where the curve crosses the x
axis is given by

y + x e = e.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 110 (****)

2x
f ( x) = , x <1 .
1− x

a) Find an expression for f ′ ( x ) .

b) Show further that

2− x
f ′( x) = 3 .
(1 − x ) 2

c) Hence calculate that the exact value of f ′ 1 .

2 ( )
1 − 12
2 (1 − x ) 2 + x (1 − x )
f ′( x ) =
1− x
( )
, f′ 1 =3 2
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 111 (****)

A curve C has equation

( )
y = x − 2ln x 2 + 4 , x ∈
.

a) Show clearly that

d2y
=
(
4 x2 − 4 ).
2 2
dx
(x 2
+4 )
The curve has a single stationary point.

b) Find its exact coordinates and determine its nature.

SYN-F , point of inflection at ( 2, 2 − 6 ln 2 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 112 (****)

π
y = x − sin x , 0 < x < .
2

1 d2y 17
Show clearly that when sin x = , the value of 2
is .
4 dx 8

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 113 (****)

f ( x ) = e3 x − 4 e−3 x , x ∈
.

a) Show that the inequalities

f ( x ) > 0 and f ′′ ( x ) > 0

have the same solution interval.

b) Determine, in exact form, the common solution interval.

SYN-R , x > 1 ln 2
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 114 (****)

The equation of the curve C is

2
y = ( x + 2 ) e1− x , x ∈
.

a) Show clearly that …

dy
i. … = − x ( x + 2 ) e1− x .
dx

d2y
ii. …
dx 2 ( )
= x 2 − 2 e1− x .

b) Find an equation of the normal to C at the point (1,9 ) .

The curve has two stationary points at P and Q .

c) Find the exact coordinates of P and Q , further determining the nature of these
stationary points.

x − 3 y + 26 = 0 , max at ( 0, 4e ) , min at ( −2,0 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 115 (****)

The equation of the curve C is given by

y = x x 3 + 1 , x ≥ −1 .

dy
a) Find an expression for .
dx

dy
b) Show further that can be simplified to
dx

dy 5 x3 + 2
= .
dx 2 x3 + 1

c) Hence show that an equation of the normal to C at the point where x = 1 is

7 y + 2x 2 = 9 2 .

1 − 12
dy
dx
( )
= x3 + 1 2
( )
+ 3 x3 x 3 + 1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 116 (****)

It is given that

d
( sec x ) = sec x tan x .
dx

1
a) Prove the validity of the above result by writing sec x as .
cos x

The curve C has equation

π π
y = e3 x sec 2 x , − <x< .
4 4

b) Find an equation of the tangent to C at the point where C crosses the y axis.

The curve has a single stationary point at P .

c) Find the x coordinate of P , correct to 3 significant figures.

y = 3 x + 1 , x ≈ −0.491

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 117 (****)

y
M
A
y = 2 x − x ln x

B
B
x
O

The diagram above shows the graph of a curve C with equation

y = 2 x − x ln x , x > 0 .

The curve has a maximum at M .

a) Find the exact coordinates of M .

The point A lies on C where x = 1 .

The curve crosses the x axis at the point B .

b) Determine the coordinates of A and the exact coordinates B .

c) Show that the tangents to the curve at A and B are perpendicular to each other.

d) Show that these tangents intersect at the point Q 

e 2 − 1 e2 + 1 
2 
, .
 2

(
M ( e,e ) , A (1, 2 ) , B e2 ,0 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 118 (****)

a) By differentiating y = e x ln 2 , find the derivative of y = 2 x .

2
b) Hence find the exact value of the gradient on the curve with equation y = 2 x at
the point where x = 2 .

d x
dx
( )
2 = 2 x ln 2 , 64ln2

Question 119 (****)

( )
y = arctan 1 x , x ∈
.
2

2( )
By writing y = arctan 1 x as x = f ( y ) , show that

dy 2
= 2 .
dx x + 4

MP2-F , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 120 (****)

Prove that …

d 4 2 x3 ( 9 x − 2 )
i. …
dx
(x 4x −1 = ) 4x −1
.

d  3x 2 + 6 x − 5  16
ii. …   = .
dx  ( x + 1)2  ( x + 1)3
 

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 121 (****)

The curve C has equation

f ( x ) = e2 x sin 2 x , 0 ≤ x ≤ π .

a) Find an expression for f ′ ( x ) .

b) Show clearly that

f ′′ ( x ) = 8e 2 x cos 2 x .

c) Hence find the exact coordinates of the stationary points of C and determine
their nature.

 3π   7π 
f ′ ( x ) = 2e2 x ( sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) , max  3 π , 2 e 4  , min  7 π , − 2 e 4 
8 2  8 2 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 122 (****)

The curve C has equation given by

1
y = x 1 − 2x , x ≤ .
2

a) Show clearly that

dy 1 − 3 x
= .
dx 1− 2x

b) Show further that

d2y 3x − 2
2
= 3 .
dx (1 − 2 x ) 2

c) Hence find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C , and determine its
nature.

(
max at 1 , 1 3
3 9 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 123 (****)

A curve has equation

y = x ln x , x∈
, x>0.

Find the exact coordinates of the two points on the curve which have gradient 3 .
2

MP2-U , ( e,e ) ,  e 4 , 1 e 4 
1 1

 2 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 124 (****)

The curve C has equation

ln y
y= , y > 0.
x− y

Show that the equation of the tangent to C at the point where y = e can be written as

e( x − y) = 1 .

MP2-O , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 125 (****)

At the point P , which lies on the curve with equation

y3 − y 2 = e x ,

the gradient is 6 .
5

Determine the possible coordinates of P .

SYN-C , P ( ln 48, 4 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 126 (****)

A curve has equation

y = e 2 x ( 2cos3x − sin 3x ) .

Show that

d2y dy
2
−4 + 13 y = 0 .
dx dx

C3Z , proof

Question 127 (****)

Find, in exact form where appropriate, the solutions of the equation

d  4 
  = 1.
dx  3 − e x 

x = 0, x = ln 9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 128 (****)

The point P ( ln 2,5b − 3a ) lies on the curve with equation

y = a + b ex ,

where a and b are non zero constants.

The gradient at P is 8 .

a) Find the value of a and the value of b .

b) Find the exact coordinates of the point where the normal to the curve at P
crosses the x axis.

a = 3, b = 4 , ( 88 + ln 2, 0 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 129 (****)

7x + 2
y= , x ≠ ±2 , x ≠ − 1 .
( x − 2 )( x + 2 )( 2 x + 1) 2

dy
Find the exact value of at x = −1 .
dx

dy 1
SYN-J , =
dx x =−1 9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 130 (****)

The curve C has equation

1
 1− x 2
y =  ( 2 x + 1) , −1 < x ≤ 1 .
 1+ x 

By taking logarithms on both sides of this equation, or otherwise, show that at the point
on C where x = 1 , the gradient is − 2 3 .
2 9

C3V , proof

Question 131 (****)

The curve C has equation

y = arcsin ( 2 x − 1) , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 .

Find the coordinates of the point on C , whose gradient is 2 .

( 12 , 0)

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 132 (****)

A curve C has equation

x = y 9 − 4 y2 , y ≤ 3 .
2

a) Show clearly that

dy 9 − 4 y2
= .
dx 9 − 8 y2

b) Find the exact coordinates of the two points on C , with infinite gradient.

C3W , ( 94 , 43 2 ) , ( − 94 , − 43 2 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 133 (****)

Given that

y = 3cos ( ln x ) + 2sin ( ln x ) , x > 0 ,

show clearly that

d2y dy
x2 +x = Ay ,
dx 2 dx

stating the value of the constant A .

SYN-I , A = −1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 134 (****)

The equation of a curve C is

x
y= , x∈
, x > 0 .
1 + 2ln x

The curve has a single turning point at P .

a) Show that the coordinates of P are ( )

e, 1 e .
2

d2y
b) Evaluate the exact value of at P and hence determine its nature.
dx 2

d2y 1
C3Z , 2
= > 0, so minimum
dx 2 e

Question 135 (****)

Show that if x = sec 2 y , then

dy 1
=± .
dx 2x x2 − 1

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 136 (****)

A curve has equation given by

y = x x + 1 , x ≥ −1 .

a) Show clearly that

dy 1 −1
= ( 3 x + 2 )( x + 1) 2 .
dx 2

The function f is defined as

f ( x ) = x x + 1sin 2 x , x ≥ 1 .

b) Show further that

π  π
f ′   = −π +1 .
2 2

C3X , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 137 (****)

The curve C has equation

2
y= .
2 − sin x

Show clearly that

dy 1 2
= y cos x .
dx 2

SYN-H , proof

Question 138 (****)

Given that

 2x +1 
y = ln  
 2x −1 

dy 1
find the exact value of at x = .
dx 4

dy 16
=
dx 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 139 (****)

The function f is defined by

f ( x) =
( )
x3 + 1 2

, x ∈
, x > −1 .
3
( x − 3)
2 2

Show clearly that f ′ ( 2 ) = −16 .

proof

Question 140 (****)

y = ln ( sec x + tan x ) − sin x .

Show clearly that

dy
= sin x tan x .
dx

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 141 (****)

It is given that

d
( tan 2 x ) = 2sec2 2 x .
dx

a) Prove the validity of the above result by considering the derivatives of sin 2x
and cos 2x .

A curve has equation

y = 6 x tan 2 x , x ∈
.

b) Show that the tangent to the curve at the point where x = 1 π meets the y axis at
8
(
the point with coordinates 0, − 3 π .
8
2
)
C3Y , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 142 (****)

12 3
y = x− 2
+ , x ∈
, x ≠ −3 , x ≠ 1 .
x + 2x − 3 x −1

a) Show clearly that

x 2 + 3x + 3
y= .
x+3

b) Solve the equation

dy
= −2 .
dx

x = −2, x = 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 143 (****)

A curve has equation

4 ( )
y = 1 e 2 x −3 − 4ln 1 x , x > 0 .
2

The tangent to the curve, at the point where x = 2 , crosses the coordinate axes at the
points A and B .

Show that the area of the triangle OAB , where O is the origin, is given by

(16 − 3e )2 .
16 ( 4 − e )

SYN-C , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 144 (****)

Show clearly that

d  −3 x 3
 −3 x 1
 2e ( 2 x + 1) 2  = −12 x e ( 2 x + 1) 2 .
dx  

proof

Question 145 (****)

Differentiate each of the following expressions with respect to x .

3
a) y = ( 2 x + ln x ) .

x2
b) y = .
3x − 1

c) y = sin 4 3 x .

dy 2 1  dy 3x 2 − 2 x dy
MP2-E , = 3 ( 2 x + ln x )  2 +  , = 2
, = 12sin 3 3 x cos3 x
dx  x  dx ( 3x − 1) dx

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 146 (****)

The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x ) = 3ln 2 x, x ∈
, x > 0

g ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 1, x ∈
.

Show that the value of the gradient on the curve y = gf ( x ) at the point where x = e is

36
(1 + ln 2 ) .
e

SYNB , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 147 (****)

1
The graph of the curve with equation y = e x is shown below.
2

y
y = 12 e x

A R
x
O

The points A and B lie on the curve, where x = 0 and x = ln 4 , respectively.

a) Show that the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point A is

2 y − x −1 = 0 .

This tangent meets the normal to the curve at the point B at the point P .

b) Show that the coordinates of P are given by

3 5 
 + ln 2, + ln 2  .
2 4 

[continues overleaf]

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

[continued from overleaf]

The region R bounded by the curve, the normal to the curve at B and coordinate axes is
shown shaded in the diagram above.

11
c) Show that the area of R is square units.
2

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 148 (****)

y = 20 + 480e− 0.1x , x ∈
.

Show clearly that

dy 1
= − ( y − 20 ) .
dx 10

proof

Question 149 (****)

A curve has equation

y = 10e − kx , x ∈

where k = 1 ln 2 .
5

Find the value of x that satisfies the equation

dy  2
= ln   .
dx  2 

C3I , x = 10

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 150 (****)

A curve C has equation

1
y = e2 x − 4 x + 1 , x ∈
.
2

The point P lies on C where x = ln 4 .

a) Show that the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point P is

y = 12 x + 9 − 32ln 2 .

The point Q lies on C where x = ln 2 .

The normal to the curve at the point Q meets the tangent to the curve at the point P , at
the point R .

b) Show that the coordinates of R are

( ln 2,9 − 20 ln 2 ) .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 151 (****)

A curve C has equation

2
y = ( x + 1) e 2 x , x ∈
.

a) Show that

dy
i. = 2 ( x + 1)( x + 2 ) e2 x .
dx

d2y
ii.
dx 2 ( )
= 2 2 x 2 + 8 x + 7 e2 x .

b) Hence, or otherwise, find the exact coordinates of the stationary points of C and
determine their nature.

(
MP2-G , min ( −1,0 ) , max −2,e −4 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 152 (****)

A curve C is defined by the equation

x = sec ( 2y ) , 0 ≤ y < π .
a) Show clearly that

dy 2
= .
dx x x 2 − 1

dy
b) Hence find the exact coordinates of the point of C , where = 2.
dx

 π
C3I ,  2, 
 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 153 (****)

1
f ( x ) = − x + sin x cos x , 0 ≤ x < 2π .
2

Use differentiation to find the range of values of x for which f ( x ) is increasing.

π 5π 7π 11π
0≤ x< ∪ <x< ∪ < x < 2π
6 6 6 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 154 (****)

A curve has equation

1 1 π π
y = arcsin 2 x , − ≤ x ≤ , − ≤ y ≤ .
2 2 2 2

dx
a) By finding and using an appropriate trigonometric identity show that
dy

dy 2
= .
dx 1 − 4 x2

b) Show further that …

d2y Ax
i. … 2
= 3 ,
dx
(1 − 4 x )2 2

d3y Bx 2 + C
ii. … = 5 ,
dx3
(1 − 4 x )
2 2

where A , B and C are constants to be found.

SYN-B , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 155 (****)

Show, with detailed workings, that

d
a) ( cos 2 x tan 2 x ) = 2cos 2 x .
dx

d  x2  2x
b)  =− .
dx  ( 3 x − 1) 
2
( 3 x − 1) 3
 

MP2-H , proof

Question 156 (****)

A curve C has equation

y = 2 + 2e−2 x − e −3 x , x ∈
.

Find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C and determine its nature.

( () )
max ln 3 , 86
4 27

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 157 (****)

3x 2 − 10 x + 2
y= , x∈
, x > 2 .
(1 − 2 x )( x − 2 )2

dy
Find the exact value of at x = 3 .
dx

dy 52
SYN-Q , =−
dx x =3 25

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 158 (****)

A curve C has equation

x2
y= , x∈
, x > 0 .
ln x

Find, in exact form, the equation of the tangent to C at the point where x = e .

MP2-I , y = 2e

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 159 (****)

The function f is given by

( )
f ( x ) ≡ emx x 2 + x , x ∈
,

where m is a non zero constant.

Show that f has two stationary points, for all non zero values of m .

MP2-J , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 160 (****)

y = cot x , 0 < x < π2 .

Show, with detailed workings, that

dy
a) = − cosec2 x .
dx

d2y
b)
dx 2 (
= 2 y y2 +1 .)
MP2-C , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 161 (****)

The curve C has equation

π
x = sec 2 y + tan y , 0 ≤ y < .
2

a) Show that

dy cos 2 y
= .
dx 2 tan y + 1

π
b) Hence show that the equation of the normal to C at the point where y = is
4

4 y + 24 x = π + 72 .

MP2-D , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 162 (****)

1 1 π π
y = arcsin x , − ≤ x ≤ , − ≤ y ≤ .
2 2 2 2

dx
a) By finding and using an appropriate trigonometric identity show that
dy

dy 1
= .
dx 1− x 2

A curve C has equation

1 1 π π
y = x arcsin 2 x , − ≤ x ≤ , − ≤ y ≤ .
2 2 2 2

dy
b) Find the exact value of at the point on C where x = 1 .
dx 4

(
MP2-B , 1 π + 2 3
6 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 163 (****)

y = 2 x arcsin 2 x + 1 − 4 x 2 , − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 .
2 2

Show clearly that

2
d3y  dy   d2y 
 y − x  = x  2  .
dx3  dx   dx 

MP2-K , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 164 (****+)

The curve C has equation

y = x ln x , x > 0 .

The equation of the tangent to C at the point where x = a is

4 y = bx − a ,

where a and b are non zero constants.

Determine the exact value of a .

SYN-A , a = e 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 165 (****+)

y = arccos x , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 , 0 ≤ y ≤ π .

a) Prove that

dy 1
=− .
dx 1 − x2

The curve C has equation given by

y = arccos 4 x , − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 .
4 4

1
b) Show that an equation of the tangent to C where x = , is given by
8

3 y + 8 3x = π + 3 .

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 166 (****+)

1 + 6sin 2 x
f ( x) ≡ , tan x ≠ −1 .
(1 + tan x )2

π 
By using logarithmic differentiation, or otherwise, determine the value of f ′   .
4

π  5
SYN-V , f ′   = −
4 8

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 167 (****+)

y
x = ( y + 2 ) ln ( 3 y + 4 )

O P
x

The figure above shows the graph of the curve with equation

x = ( y + 2 ) ln ( 3 y + 4 ) .

The curve meets the coordinate axes at the point P and at the point Q .

Determine the gradient, in exact from where appropriate, at P and at Q .

dy 2 dy 1
MP2-L , = , =
dx P 3 + 4ln 2 dx Q 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 168 (****+)

It is given that

d 1
( arctan x ) = .
dx 1 + x2

If tan 3 y = 3tan x show that

dy 1
= .
dx 1 + 8sin 2 x

MP2-P , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 169 (****+)

The curve C has equation

y = 4 e− x − 2e −2 x − e−3 x , x ∈
.

a) Show clearly that …

dy
i. …
dx
(
= − eα x 4e 2 x − 4e x − 3 , )
d2y
ii. …
dx 2 (
= eα x 4e2 x − 8e x − 9 ,)
where α is a constant to be found.

b) Hence find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of C and determine its
nature.

( () )
max ln 3 , 40
2 27

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 170 (****+)

The curve C has equation

x
y= , x∈
.
x2 + 1

a) Show that there is no point on C where the gradient is −1 .

12
b) Find the coordinates of the points on C where the gradient is .
25

C3N , ( 12 , 52 ) , ( − 12 , − 52 )

Question 171 (****+)

2
y = ( x + 2 ) e1− x , x ∈

Show clearly that

2 d2y dy
( x + 2) 2
+ x ( x + 2) + 2y = 0 .
dx dx

SYN-W , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 172 (****+)

A curve has equation

y = 4 e 2 − x − e 4 −2 x , x ∈
.

Use differentiation to find the exact coordinates of the stationary point of the curve, and
further determine its nature.

C3X , max ( 2 − ln 2, 4 )

Question 173 (****+)

The point P lies on the curve with equation

y = x ln x , x > 1 .

Determine the two possible sets of coordinates of P given further that the gradient of
the curve at P is 3 .
2

SYN-K , P  e 4 , 1 e 4  ∪ P ( e, e )
1 1

 2 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 174 (****+)

f ( x)

x
O

The figure above shows part of the graph of the curve with equation

cos x
f ( x) = , x∈
.
3 − sin x

Use differentiation to show that

− 1 2 ≤ f ( x) ≤ 1 2 .
4 4

MP2-A , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 175 (****+)

The curve C has equation given by

ex
y= , 0< x<π .
sin x

a) Show clearly that

dy
= y (1 − cot x ) .
dx

b) Show further that

d2y dy
2
= (1 − cot x ) + y cosec2 x .
dx dx

c) Use the above results to find the exact coordinates of the turning point of C , and
determine its nature.

 π 
MP2-Q , min at  π , 2 e 4 
4 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 176 (****+)

The curve C has equation

− 12 x
y=e , x∈
.

The normal to the curve at the point P where x = p passes through the origin.

Show that x = p is a solution of the equation

2x ex −1 = 0 .

SYN-Y , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 177 (****+)

y
f ( x ) = enx + k e− nx

x
O

The figure above shows the graph of the curve with equation

f ( x ) = enx + k e − nx , x ∈
, k > 1 , n > 0 .

Find the range of f ( x ) in exact form.

MP2-R , f ( x ) ≥ 2 k

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 178 (****+)

A curve has equation

  π   π
y = ln  tan  x +   , where tan  x +  > 0 .
  4   4

Show that

dy
= 2sec 2 x .
dx

MP2-V , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 179 (****+)

π
4
y = 1 arcsec x
2

x
O 1

The figure above shows the graph of the curve with equation

y = 1 arcsec x , x ≥ 1 , 0 ≤ y < 1 π ,
2 4

where arcsec ( u ) is the inverse function of sec ( u ) .

Show clearly that …

dy 1
a) … = .
dx 4 x x − 1

d2y 2 − 3x
b) … = 3 .
dx 2 8x 2
( x − 1) 2

SP-D , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 180 (****+)

a) Differentiate the following expressions with respect to x , fully simplifying the

answers.

i. y = ( 4 x − 1) e− x .

ii. y = 4sin 3 2 x .

b) Prove that

d  x −1  1
  = .
dx  x + 1  2 x

dy dy
= e− x ( 5 − 4 x ) , = 24sin 2 2 x cos 2 x
dx dx

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 181 (****+)

The curve C has equation

y = e 2 x − 2 x , e2 x > 2 x .

The tangent to the curve at the point P where x = p passes through the origin.

a) Show that x = p is a solution of the equation

(1 − x ) e 2 x = x .

b) Show that the equation (1 − x ) e 2 x = x has root between 0.8 and 1 .

The iterative formula

xn+1 = 1 − xn e −2 xn

with x0 = 0.8 is used to find this root.

c) Find, to 3 decimal places, the value of x1 , x2 , x3 and x4 .

d) Hence show that the value of p is 0.8439 , correct to 4 decimal places.

C3G , x1 = 0.838, x2 = 0.843, x3 = 0.844, x4 = 0.844

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 182 (****+)

The curve C has equation

y = 2 4 x − 32 × 4 x , x ≥ 0 .

a) Show that C has a turning point at ( 2, −256 ) .

b) Without further differentiation explain why this turning point must be a

minimum.

SYN-X , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 183 (****+)

The curve C has equation

y = 4 × 8 x +1 − 2 x +1 .

Show that an equation of the tangent to the curve, at the point where C crosses the x
axis is given by

y = ( x + 2 ) ln 2 .

MP2-W , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 184 (****+)

y = arccos x , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 , 0 ≤ y ≤ π .

a) By writing y = arccos x as x = cos y , show that

dy 1
=− .
dx 1− x 2

The curve C has equation

( )
y = arccos x − 1 ln 1 − x 2 , x > 0 .
2

b) Show that the y coordinate of the stationary point of C is

1
(π + ln 4 ) .
4

FP2-O , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 185 (****+)

y = ln (1 + sin x ) , sin x ≠ −1 .

d2y
Show clearly that = f ( y ) , where f ( y ) is a function to be found.
dx 2

MP2-X , y = − e− y

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 186 (****+)

A curve C has equation

y = x− x , x ∈
, x > 0 .

Show that y is a solution of the equation

2
d2y dy  y2
y 2 =  − .
dx  dx  x

MP2-Y , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 187 (****+)

A
B f ( x ) = x − ln x

x
O

The figure above shows that the graph of

f ( x ) = x − ln x , x ∈
, x > 0 .

The curve has a turning point at A .

a) Find the coordinates of A .

The point B lies on the curve where x = e .

b) Show that the equation of the tangent to the curve at B is given by

e2 y + 2 x = 3e .

SYN-Z , A (1,1)

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 188 (****+)

Show, with a detailed method, that

d   1  1
ln   = .
dx   x 2 + 1 − x   x2 + 1

MP2-Z , proof

Question 189 (****+)

A curve C has equation

y = x− x , x ∈
, x > 0 .

 1 2
Show that the coordinates of turning point of C are  2 ,e e  .
e 

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 190 (****+)

A curve C has equation

1
y = xx , x∈
, x > 0 .

Show clearly that …

dy 1 −2
a) … = x x (1 − ln x ) .
dx

b) … the coordinates of turning point of C are  e, e e  .

1

 

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 191 (****+)

A curve C has equation

x
y = ( cosec x ) , x ∈
, x > 0 .

a) Show that

dy x
= ln ( cosec x ) − x cot x  ( cosec x ) .
dx

π
b) Find the equation of the tangent to C at the point where x = .
2

y =1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 192 (****+)

y = arctan x , x ∈
.

a) By writing the above equation in the from x = g ( y ) , show that

d 1
( arctan x ) = .
dx 1 + x2

The function f is defined as

f ( x ) = arctan x , x ∈
, x ≥ 0 .

b) Show further that

1 −3 −2
f ′′ ( x ) = − x 2 ( 3x + 1)( x + 1) .
4

FP2-M , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 193 (****+)

The function f is defined as

f ( x ) = x x e −2 x , x ∈
, x > 0 .

a) Find an expression for f ′ ( x ) .

b) Show clearly that

f ( x)
f ′′ ( x ) = f ′ ( x )( ln x − 1) + .
x

c) Show that the value of f ′′ ( x ) at the turning point of the function is

1
e+1 .
e

f ′ ( x ) = x x e −2 x ( ln x − 1)

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 194 (****+)

Given that

y=
( x − 1)4 ( x − 2 )2 , x ∈
, x ≠ −1 ,
( x + 1)3

dy
find the value of at x = 3 .
dx

dy 13
SP-G , =
dx x =3 16

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 195 (****+)

y = xx , x > 0 .

a) Show by using logarithms that

dy
= (1 + ln x ) x x .
dx

A curve C has equation

x
x
y =  , x>0.
e

1 ln 2
b) Show that at the point on C where x = , the gradient is − .
2 2e

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 196 (****+)

2
  2 

 
( )
y = 2 e 2 x + 3ln  x + e x + 1   .


dy
Show that the value of at x = 0 is 23 (1 + 6ln 2 )
dx

SP-S , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 197 (****+)

A curve has equation

9 yx 2 − 6 x ( y + 1) + y + 1 = 0 , x ∈
, x ≠ 1 .
3

Find, in exact form where appropriate, the three solutions of the equation

d2y
2 = 6x +1 ,
dx 2

d2y
where represents the second derivative of the above equation.
dx 2

1 1
SP-F , x = − ,(
6 3
1± 6 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 198 (****+)

6− 2
The point P , with x coordinate , lies on the curve with equation
4

 π π
x = sin  2 y +  , 0 ≤ y ≤ .
 4 2

2− 6
Show that the value of the gradient at P is .
2

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 199 (****+)

A curve C1 has equation

y = ln x + ln x , x > 1 .

a) Differentiate y with respect to x , simplifying the answer as far as possible.

A different curve C2 has equation

1 −1 1 1
y = ( 2 x + 1) 2 (1 − 4 x ) 2
, − ≤x< .
2 4

b) Show that C2 has no turning points.

A third curve C3 has equation

2x −1 1
y= , x≥− .
2x +1 2

c) Show that

d  2x −1  2x + 3
  = 3 .
dx  2 x + 1  ( 2 x + 1) 2

dy 1 1
SYN-L , = +
dx 2 x 2 x ln x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 200 (****+)

Show clearly that

d  x +1  1
  = − .
dx  x − 1  ( )
x − 1 x 2
− 1

proof

Question 201 (****+)

Solve the equation

d
dx
( )
1 − cos 2 x = 1 , 0 ≤ x < 2π .

π 5π
x= ,
4 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 202 (****+)

Given that

5600
P= ,
7 + 25e−0.25t

show by a detailed method that

dP P ( 800 − P )
= ,
dt k

where k is an integer to be found.

SP-S , k = 3200

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 203 (****+)

x
1
f ( x) =   , x∈
, x > 0 .
 x

Determine in exact simplified form the coordinates of the stationary point of f ( x ) ,

fully justifying its nature.

 1 2
SP-M , local maximum at  2 ,e e 
e 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 204 (****+)

y = 3 tan 3 2 x , x ∈
, x ≠ 1 nπ .
4

dy
Determine, by showing detailed workings, the value of , at x = arctan 1 .
dx 2

dy 800
SYN-N , =
dx x =arctan 12 9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 205 (****+)

1 + cos x
y= , 0 ≤ x < 2π , x ≠ 3 π .
1 + sin x 2

Determine, with full justification, the coordinates of the minimum point of y .

SYN-O , (π ,0 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 206 (****+)

x = ln ( sec3 y ) , 0 < y < 1 π .

6

dy
Determine, with full justification, an expression for , in terms of x .
dx

dy 1
SYN-E , =
dx 3 e2 x − 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 207 (****+)

A curve C has equation

x e3 x
y= , x∈
, x ≠ k ,
2x + k

where k is a non zero constant.

It is given that C has a single turning point at P .

Find the exact coordinates of P .

(
SP-M , P − 2 , − 1 e −2
3 2 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 208 (****+)

A curve has equation

2x
23e , x ∈
.

dy
Express in terms of y .
dx

dy
MP2-U , = 2 y ln y
dx

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 209 (****+)

A quartic curve C has equation

3
y = x ( x − 2) , x ∈
.

Show that there is only one point on C where the gradient is 10 .

SYN-G , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 210 (****+)

The point P lies on the curve with equation

xy = e x , xy > 0 .

The tangent to the curve at P passes through the origin O .

Determine the coordinates of P .

(
SYN-T , P 2, 1 e2
2 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 211 (****+)

A curve has equation

y = − log 2 ( 2 − x ) ln 2  , x ∈
, x < 2 .

dy
Determine a simplified expression for in terms of y .
dx

dy
X, = 2y
dx

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 212 (*****)

A curve C has equation

2x + 3
y= , x∈
, x > 1 .
2x −1 2

Find the coordinates of the stationary point of C , further determining the nature of this
point.

You may not use the product rule, the quotient rule or logarithmic differentiation in
this question.

SYN-U , max 5 , 4
2 ( )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 213 (*****)

Show with a detailed method that

d   e x + 1 − 1   1
ln   = .
dx   e x + 1 + 1   e x
+ 1
  

SP-R , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 214 (*****)

A curve C has equation

y = xx , x ∈
, x > 0 .

Show that y is a solution of the equation

d2y 2
2
= x x (1 + ln x ) + x x −1 .
dx

SP-X , proof

Question 215 (*****)

Find, in terms of π , the solutions of the equation

d
x
dx
( )
x + 2cos x = 1 , 0 ≤ x < 4π 2 .

2
x = 49π , 121π
36 36

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 216 (*****)

Given that

x
y= ,
1+ x

dy
show that = f ( y ) , where f ( y ) is a function to be determined.
dx

3
SP-W , f ( y ) =
(1− y)
2y

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 217 (*****)

A curve C has equation

y = 82 x − 4 x −1 + 2 x , x ∈

Show that C has no stationary points.

SP-W , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 218 (*****)

P
2
y = e− x

x
O Q

The figure above shows the graph of the curve with equation

2
y = e− x , x ≥ 0 .

The point P lies on the curve and the point Q lies on the positive x axis so that
OP = PQ where O is the origin.

1
Show with full justification that the largest area of the triangle OPQ is .
2e

SP-W , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 219 (*****)

f ( x) ≡
(3 − 2cos x )(1 + 6sin x )
2 2 2

, tan x ≠ −1 .
(1 + tan x )2

π 
Determine the value of f ′   .
4

π  1
C3S , f ′   = −
4 4

Question 220 (*****)

Show clearly that

d   1 − x 2 − 1   2
ln   = .
dx   1 − x + 1   x 1 − x 2
2
  

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 221 (*****)

A curve is defined over the largest real domain by the equation

1
y= x
xe x +1

Show that

dy f ( x ) e− x
= ,
dx 2 x 2 ( x + 1) 32

where f ( x ) is a quadratic expression and hence find, in exact form, the coordinates of
any stationary points of the curve.

(
SPX-J , f ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 5 x + 2 , − 1 , −2 2e
2 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 222 (*****)

Show clearly that

d 
dx  ( )
ln x − 2 + x 2 − 4 x + 13  =

1
x 2 − 4 x + 13
.

SP-T , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 223 (*****)

The function f is defined as

f ( x ) = x −2 x , x ∈
, x > 0 .

Show that the value of f ′′ ( x ) at the stationary point of the function is

e+2
−2 e e .

SP-P , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 224 (*****)

 1

(

)
f ( x ) = ln  x 2 + 1 2
+ x , x ∈
.


Show clearly that …

1
a) … f ′ ( x ) = .
x2 + 1

b) … f ( x ) is an odd function.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 225 (*****)

Show clearly that

 − sin x − cos x 0 ≤ x ≤ απ
d  cos 2 x  
= sin x + cos x απ ≤ x ≤ βπ
dx  1 + sin 2 x  
 − sin x − cos x βπ ≤ x ≤ 2π

where α and β are constants to be found.

SP-D , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 226 (*****)

Show clearly that …

d  x−4  1
i. …   =
dx  x + 2  2 x

 
d  4x − 8 x + 3  1
ii. …  2 
= 3
.
dx 
 (x −1 ) 

x ( x −1)
C3T , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 227 (*****)

( )
y = arctan x + arctan 1− x , x ∈
.
1+ x

Without simplifying the above expression, use differentiation to show that

dy
= 0 , for all values of x .
dx

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 228 (*****)

A
θ x
O C

The figure above shows the triangle ABC , where ACB = θ .

The points A and B have respective coordinates ( 0,1) and ( 0,3 ) , while the variable
point C ( x,0 ) lies on the positive x axis.

π
Show that as C varies, the maximum value of θ is .
6

C3T , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 229 (*****)

A curve C has equation

y = earctan x , x ∈
.

a) Show, with detailed workings, that

d3y
=
( 6 x 2 − 6 x − 1) earctan x
.
dx3 3
( )
1 + x 2

b) Deduce that C has a point of inflection, stating its coordinates.

SPX-J ,  1 , e
arctan 12 

2 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 230 (*****)

P y = 2x − 4

O
x

The figure above shows the graph of the curve C with equation

y = 2x − 4 , x ≥ 2 .

The point P lies on C , so that the tangent to the curve at the point P passes through
the origin O .

Use a calculus method to find the coordinates of P .

SP-T , P ( 4, 2 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 231 (*****)

Given that

ex
y= ,
1+ ex

dy
show that = f ( y ) , where f ( y ) is a simplified function to be determined.
dx

SP-Y , f ( y ) = y − y 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 232 (*****)

y
T y3 − y 2 = x

O
x

The figure above shows the graph of a curve with equation

y3 − y 2 = x , x ∈
, y ∈
.

There exists a tangent to the curve T , so that this tangent crosses the curve at the point
of tangency.

Show that an equation of T is

27 x + 9 y = 1.

SP-V , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 233 (*****)

 1
 1
(
f ( x ) = x ln  x 2 + 1

) 2
( )
+ x − x2 + 1 2 , x ∈
.


Show clearly that …

 1


(
a) … f ′ ( x ) = ln  x 2 + 1) 2
+ x .


b) … f ( x ) is an even function.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 234 (*****)

A curve is defined in its largest real domain by the equation

 a cos x + b 
y = arccos  ,
 a + b cos x 

where a and b are constants such a > b > 0 .

Show that y increases with x at a rate which lies between

a −b a+b
and .
a+b a −b

d 1
You may assume that [arccos x ] = − .
dx 1 − x2

SP-C , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 235 (*****)

The function f is defined, in terms of the real constant k , by

f ( x ) ≡ x3 + kx 2 + x + 1 , x ∈
.

Investigate the number of turning points of f for different values of k , distinguishing

further which ones are stationary

SP-J , investigation

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 236 (*****)

Q
wall

3.2 m

P θ 1.35 m
N B

The figure above shows the wall AB of a certain structure, which is supported by a
straight rigid beam PR , where P is on level ground and R is at some point on the wall.

In order to increase the rigidity of the support, the beam is rested on a steady pole NQ ,
of height 3.2 metres.

The pole is placed at a distance of 1.35 metres from the bottom of the wall B .

The beam PR is forming an acute angle θ with the horizontal ground PNB .

The angle θ is chosen so that the length of the beam PR , is least.

Determine the least value for the length of the beam PR , assuming that R lies on the
wall, fully justifying that this is indeed the minimum value.

SP-V , 6.25

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 237 (*****)

The variables x and y are such so that

ax + by = c ,

where a , b and c are non zero constants.

Show that the minimum value of x 2 + y 2 is

c2
.
a 2 + b2

SP-Z , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 238 (*****)

The point A ( a,0 ) lies on the circle with Cartesian equation

x2 + y 2 = a2 .

The point P is also on the same circle , and the point Q lies on the tangent to the circle
through P , so that AQP is a right angle.

Use a calculus method to show that for all possible positions of P , the largest area of
the triangle AQP is

3 3 2
a .
8

SP-S , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 239 (*****)

A curve has equation

3 25
y = 2kx 2 − ln kx , x ∈
, x > 0 .
16

where k is a positive constant.

1
The point A lies on the curve, where x = .
k

Given that the normal to the curve at A passes through the origin O , find an equation
of the normal to the curve at A .

SP-N , y = 4 x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 240 (*****)

B 1.5 m E
θ
θ C
1.5 m
D
A

The figure above shows a circle with centre at C and radius 1.5 metres.

The points A and B lie on the circle so that BCA = 2θ , 0 < θ < π .

The point D lies outside the circle so that the line segments BD and AD are equal in
length and the length of DC is 3 metres. The point E lies on the circle so that DCE is
a straight line segment of length 4.5 metres.

The total length of the line segment BD , the line segment AD and the circular arc

AEB denoted by L .

π
Given that θ varies, show that L has a stationary value when θ = and determine
3
further the value L and the nature of this stationary value.

π 
C3S , inflection at  , 2π + 3 3 
3 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 241 (*****)

B P Q C

θ θ

A D
2a

The figure above shows a network APQD inside a rectangle ABCD , where AB = a
and BC = 2a . The endpoints of the network A and D are fixed. The points P and Q
are variable so that they always lie on BC with AP = QD . The angles BPA and
CQD are both equal to θ . A particle travels with constant speed v on the sections AP
and QD , and with constant speed 5 v on the section PQ .
3

Let T be the total time for the journey APQD .

Given that the positions of the points P and Q can be varied as appropriate, show that
14a
the minimum value of T is , fully justifying that this is the minimum value.
5v

SP-X , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 242 (*****)

The function f is defined as

f ( x ) ≡ 4 x3 − 12 x 2 + 8 x , x∈
, 0 ≤ x ≤ 3.

Find the range of f , and hence sketch its graph, showing clearly the coordinates of any
relevant points.

SP-L , − 8 3 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 24
9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 243 (*****)

y = arccos x , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 .

a) Show that

dy 1
=− .
dx 1 − x2

The Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind Tn ( x ) is a family of functions defined as

Tn ( x ) = cos ( n arccos x ) , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 , n ∈  .

b) Show further that

d  1
d  −n 2 Tn ( x )
dx 
(1 − x2 ) 2

dx
Tn ( x )   =
 1 − x2
.

SP-J , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 244 (*****)

The real functions f and g have a common domain 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 , and defined as

x
f ( x ) ≡ ( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3) and g ( x) ≡

0
f ( t ) dt .

Use a detailed algebraic method to determine the range of g .

SP-I , − 9 ≤ g ( x ) ≤ 0
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 245 (*****)

1
y= , x≥0,
ax + b

where a and b are positive constants.

Show, by a detailed method, that

n n
dny ( −1) y ( 2n )!  a 
=   .
dx n n!  4 ( ax + b ) 

SP-R , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 246 (*****)

2 x tan x = 1 , x ≠ 1 nπ , n ∈ 
2

a) Show that the above equation has a solution in the interval ( 0.6,0.7 ) .

b) Use the Newton Raphson method to find the solution of this equation, correct to
5 decimal places.

The figure below shows a circle, centre at O . The points A , B and C lie on the
circumference of this circle. A circular sector ABC , subtending an angle of 2θ at C , is
inscribed in this circle.
A

O
B
2θ
C

c) Determine the greatest proportion of the area of the circle, which can be covered
by this sector.

You may give the answer as a percentage, correct to two decimal places

SYN-O , x ≈ 0.65327 , ≈ 52.45

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 247 (*****)

A lump of metal, of volume 76 cubic units is moulded into the shape of a cuboidal box,
with a square base, rectangular sided and no lid.

All the faces of the box are 1 unit thick.

All the metal is moulded in the construction of this box, and the construction it has
maximum capacity.

If the internal width of the box is x , find the value of x which maximises the capacity
of he box, and hence determine this maximum capacity.

SP-B , x = 4 , Cmax = 38 2
5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 248 (*****)

The variables x , y and z satisfy the following relationships.

d2y y
x = ln ( z + 1) and 2
= 2x
.
dz e

Show that

d2y dy
2
= + y.
dx dx

SP-A , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 249 (*****)

y = e kx , k ≠ 0 .

Find a simplified expression for

 d 2 y   d 2x 
 2  2 ,
 dx   dy 

giving the answer in terms of k and ekx .

SP-U , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 250 (*****)

0.6 x + 0.8 x = 1 , x ∈
.

Find the only solution of the above equation, fully justifying the fact that it is the only
solution.

SP-V , x = 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 251 (*****)

From a thin sheet of metal, a circular sector of area A is removed.

The circular sector is folded without any overlapping into the curved surface of a right
circular cone of volume V .

The measurements of the circular sector are such so that V is maximum.

Find the angle subtended by the circular sector at its centre and show further that the
maximum value of V is

1 4 12 A6
.
9 π2

2π
SP-L , θ =
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 252 (*****)

The variable point P lies on the positive x axis and the variable point Q lies on the
curve with equation

1
y= 2
, x∈
, x ≥ 0 .
x +4

The x coordinate Q is always half the x coordinate of P .

The point P starts at the origin O and begins to move in the positive x direction at
constant rate.

Determine the largest rate of area increase and the largest rate of area decrease of the
triangle OPQ , as P is moving away from O .

SP-P , largest rate of area increase = 1 , largest rate of area decrease = 0.125

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 253 (*****)

x3 + px + q = 0 , x ∈

The cubic equation above is given in terms of the real constants, p and q .

Use differentiation to determine the conditions that p and q must satisfy so that the
above equation has …

• … one real root.

• … three real roots, of which one is repeated.
• … three distinct real roots.

 4 p3  4 p3
SP-N , p ≥ 0 ∪  p < 0 ∩ q 2 − > 0 , p < 0 ∩ q 2 − =0 ,
 27  27

4 p3
p < 0 ∩ q2 − <0
27

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 254 (*****)

x
O B

The figure above shows the curve C with equation

y = ba a 2 − x 2 , x ≥ 0 ,

where a and b are constants such that b > a > 0 .

The point P lies on C and the tangent to C at P meets the coordinate axes at the
points A and B , as shown in the figure.

Show with full justification that the minimum area of the triangle AOB , where O is the
origin, is ab .

SP-Y , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 255 (*****)

The function f is defined as

x3
f ( x ) ≡ kx − , x∈
,
x2 + 1

where k is a positive constant.

Given that f is increasing for x ∈
, show that k > 9 and hence sketch the graph of f ,
8
showing clearly the behaviour of f at ± 2 .

SP-F , graph

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 256 (*****)

The function f is defined as

1 3

f ( x) ≡
(
1 + 4sin 2 x )(
2
8 + sec 2 x ) 2

, x ∈
, x ≠ 1 nπ .
tan x 3 2

Find in exact simplified form the value of f ′ 1 π .

3 ( )

( )
SPX-D , f ′ 1 π = −44 3
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 257 (*****)

The curve C has equation

x3 + 2
y= .
x2 − x + 1

Find the coordinates of the stationary point of C and determine its nature.

SPX-J , point of inflexion at (1,3)

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 258 (*****)

A curve C is defined in the largest real domain by the equation

y = log x 2 .

a) Sketch a detailed graph of C .

The point P , where x = 2 lies on C .

The normal to C at P meets C again at the point Q .

b) Show that the x coordinate of Q is a solution of the equation

[1 + x ln 4 − ln16] ln x = ln 2 .

c) Use an iterative formula of the form xn+1 = e ( n ) , with a suitable starting value,
f x

to find the coordinates of Q , correct to 3 decimal places.

MP2-T , Q ( 0.518, −1.054 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 259 (*****)

A sphere of radius r , whose centre is at O , is fixed on a horizontal plane.

A thin right circular conical shell, without a base is placed over the sphere.

The axis of the conical shell is vertical and passes through O . The circumference of the
missing base of the conical shell is at the same horizontal level as O .

Show that the minimum value of the outer surface area of the conical shell is

3 3π r2
.
2

SP-E , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 260 (*****)

The function y = f ( x ) satisfies the following relationship.

2
d2y  dy  dy
4x 2 + 4x   + 2 −1 = 0 .
dx  dx  dx

It is further given that x = t 2 and y = ln v .

Show that

d 2v
=v.
dt 2

SP-W , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 261 (*****)

The point P ( x, y ) lies on a circle with centre at (1,0 ) and radius 1 .

Find, in exact surd form, the greatest value of x + y , for all the possible positions of the
point P .

MP2-S , 1 + 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 262 (*****)

Assuming that π ≈ 3.14 and e ≈ 2.7 , show without any calculating aid that

eπ > π e .

You must show a detailed method in this question.

X , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 263 (*****)

A general curve C has equation

n
y = x m ( x − 1) ,

where x ∈
, m ∈  , m ≥ 2 , n ∈  , n ≥ 2 .

Sketch in four separate of axes, the 4 separate shapes which C can take, m ≥ 2 .

The sketches must contain the coordinates of any stationary points.

SP-L , graph

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 264 (*****)

The point P lies on the curve C with equation

1
y= , x∈
, x ≥ 0.
1 + x2

The straight line L is the tangent to the C at P .

Determine an equation for L , given further that L meets C at the point ( 0,1) .

SP-Q , 2 y + x = 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 265 (*****)

The point P has rational coordinates and lies on the curve C with equation

y = x2 − 4 x + 3 , x∈
.

The straight line L is the normal to the C at P .

L meets the curve again at the point Q .

Given that PQ = 8 , determine the possible coordinates of P and Q .

( )
SP-H , P 3 , − 3 ∩ Q 7 , 5
2 4 2 4 ( ) ∪ ( ) ( )
P 5 ,− 3 ∩ Q 1 , 5
2 4 2 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 266 (*****)

Leibniz rule states that the n th derivative of the product of the functions f ( x ) and
g ( x ) satisfies


n  n   (r ) ( n−r )  
 f ( x ) g ( x )  =     f ( x )   f ( x )  ,
 
r =0
 r  

dk
where f 0 ( x ) = f ( x ) , f 1 ( x ) = f ′ ( x ) , f 2 ( x ) = f ′′ ( x ) , … , f k ( x ) =  f ( x )  .
dx k

Show, by a detailed method, that


dn  4  4  
n 
x ln x  = n ! x 4−n    f ( n, r )  ,

dx
r =0
 r  

where f ( n, r ) is a function to be found.

4
 4  ( −1)n −r −1 
SP-W ,
dn  4
dx n 
x ln x  = n ! x 4−n
 
r =0
 
 r  n − r 


Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 267 (*****)

A curve C has equation

x2
y2 = , x ∈
, x > 1.
x −1

Show that there exist exactly two tangents to C which pass through the point (1, 2 ) , and
find their equations.

MP2-T , y = 2 , 27 y = 4 x + 50

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 268 (*****)

A curve C has equation

3 x −1
y= , x∈
, x ≠ 0 , x ≠ 1 .
2
2x + 2 − x + 2 2

Find, in exact simplified surd form, the y coordinate of the stationary point of C .

SP-K , y = 7 − 2 10

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 269 (*****)

A curve, defined in the largest real domain, has equation

y = ln x + 4 − 6 .

dy
Determine, in its simplest form, an expression for .
dx

 1
, x ≥ −4, x ≠ 2
dy  x − 2
SP-I , =
dx  1
, x ≤ −4, x ≠ −10
 x + 10

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 270 (*****)

The function f is defined as

f ( x ) ≡ sin x + cos x + tan x + cot x + sec x + cosec x , ( )

x ∈ 0, 1 π .
2

Determine with full justification the range of f .

SPX-W , f ( x ) ∈  2 + 3 2, ∞ )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 271 (*****)

Assuming that π ≈ 3.14 , show without any calculating aid that

3π > π 3 .

You must show a detailed method in this question.

SPX-P , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 272 (*****)

The function f is defined in the largest possible real domain, contained in the interval
( −2π , 2π ) , and its equation is

f ( x ) ≡ ln  tan 1 π − 1 x  .
( )
 8 2 

a) Find the domain of f .

k
b) Show that f ′ ( x ) ≡ , for some constant k .
1 − sin 2 x

( ) ( ) (
SPX-S , −2π , − 7 π ∪ − 3 π , 1 π ∪ 5 π , 2π
4 4 4 4 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 273 (*****)

A curve has equation

−1
y = xx , x ∈
.

a) Show that y is a solution of the following differential equation.

d2y dy
x3 2
− x (1 − ln x ) + ( 3 − 2ln x ) y = 0 .
dx dx

b) Show further that

d2y −1
−3
2
= − ee .
dx x =e

SPX-Q , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 274 (*****)

The positive solution of the quadratic equation x 2 − x − 1 = 0 is denoted by φ , and is
commonly known as the golden section or golden number.

( )
This implies that φ 2 − φ − 1 = 0 , φ = 1 1 + 5 ≈ 1.62 .
2

Show, with a detailed method, that

d  1−φ  −φ

dx 
(
x xφ
+ 1)  = ( xφ + 1) .

X , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 275 (*****)

If a and b such that a > b > 0 , find with justification the minimum value of

4a 2 + 9b2
.
5ab

SPX-R , 12
5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 276 (*****)

The curve C is defined in the greatest real domain by the equation

x
y= .
( y − 2 )( y + 1)( y − 3)

a) Show that

dy 1
= ,
(
dx 2 ( y − 1) ay 2 + by + c )
where a , b and c are integers to be found.

b) Determine the exact value of the gradient at the points on C , where x = 40 .

c) Sketch the graph of C .

The sketch must include the coordinates of any points where C meets the
coordinate axes, the coordinates of the points of infinite gradient. You must
also find, with a full algebraic method, the line of symmetry of C .

SPX-I , a = 2, b = −4, c = −3 , ± 1
78

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 277 (*****)

y
1 y2 = 2x −1
2 x −1

y=2

O x

y = −2

x = −1

2x −1
The figure above shows the curve with equation 1 y 2 = , whose three asymptotes
2 x −1
are marked with dotted lines.

A circle centred at the point C and of radius r is drawn, so that it touches all three
branches of the curve, as shown in the figure.

Determine the coordinates of C and the value of r .

( )
SP-G , C 11 ,0 , r = 9
4 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 278 (*****)

The function with equation y = f ( x ) has smooth first and second derivatives.

Show that

3
d 2 y  dy  d 2 x
+  = 0.
dx 2  dx  dy 2

SP-Z , proof

Created by T. Madas