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Beat Plastic Pollution Concept Note
Beat Plastic Pollution Concept Note
Name, Unit and contact details of Benno Böer and Nilesh Sharma (UNESCO Bangkok)
Project Officer(s) :
Philippe Pypaert (UNESCO Beijing)
Hans Thulstrup (UNESCO Jakarta)
Guy Broucke (UNESCO New Delhi)
Raza Shah (UNESCO Islamabad)
Miguel Clüsener-Godt (UNESCO SC/EES)
Elvira Götz, Clare Stark, and Iulia Nechifor (UNESCO BSP)
Corresponding address: b.boer@unesco.org
Areas of massive plastic pollution include extensive marine surface areas in the
north-eastern as well as southern Pacific Ocean, the northern and the southern
Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, as well as the Mediterranean Sea, and elsewhere.
The north Pacific and the Indian Ocean are believed to be the two most plastic
polluted marine areas, both in terms of plastic weight and particles.
The situation is quite dangerous and the problem is getting out of hand. There is no
easy fix, as a lot of good individual activities have shown – the situation is rapidly
worsening – a comprehensive inter-disciplinary approach is absolutely essential in
order to generate meaningful, measurable and widespread impact. The issue is not
new, and awareness raising and school-class clean-up-campaigns are no longer
enough. We need to mobilise the youth, raise awareness, enhance environmental
education, and turn to action. We need to involve Government authorities to adjust
policies and practices, and the private sector to support professional actions to clean
up the mess.
UNESCO, with its World Network of Biosphere Reserves (BRs), as well as its
capacities in the Natural Sciences, Education and Youth Mobilization (MaB Youth
Forum 2017), is capable of playing a substantial role in reducing the problem, and it
has a clear mandate in particular in the Major Programme II. (Natural Sciences), as
well as I. (Education, with a view to DESD). We therefore propose a comprehensive
regional approach throughout Asia/Pacific, minimizing plastic pollution via the
mobilization of the youth in UNESCO Biosphere Reserves. BRs are ideal places to
systematically try and test existing and innovative ideas to clean up ecosystems and
to keep them clean, with the involvement of Government authorities, the private
sector and young people.
Think globally – act locally, as suggested during the Rio + 20 Conference, has
become a very useful approach for numerous local contributions to achieve the
Sustainable Development Goals of the Agenda 2030 (SDGs), and that includes the
SDGs of relevance for this proposal, above all SDG 12, 14, and 15. The proposal will
aim at numerous and geographically widespread grass-root-activities, with a massive
cumulative multiplier effect.
Initially a Youth Conference is needed, together with a new fund that allows to
finance the implementation of solutions and actions. The overall aim is to start a
process that should go beyond the financial limits of this specific proposal. The BRs
will function as incubators of change (via testing of many grass-root-level activities,
primarily inside 152 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, in cities and communities, as
well as along water-fronts in Asia/Pacific), including best waste-management
practices and behavioural change. The activities will be replicable and inspire
multiplication activities beyond the borders of the testing sites.
The proposal is in line with UNESCO’s Main Line of Action (MLA) 2 (Advancing
sciences for sustainable management of natural resources, disaster risk reduction
and climate change action), Expected Result (ER) 6 (Member States have developed
UNESCO designated sites as learning sites for inclusive and comprehensive
approaches to environmental, economic and social aspects of sustainable
development). The proposed initiative contributes to many targets of the SDGs 1, 2,
3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 15, 17, and, above all to SDGs 12 (Responsible consumption and
production) and 14 (Life below water, which is mainly dedicated to coastal/marine
ecosystems).
Initially a Youth-Conference,
organized with major input from
young people, with young people,
as well as Government
representatives from concerned
authorities/ministries/environment
agencies, regional bodies,
academia, responsible private
sector, specialized UN agencies,
foundations, and others, will take
place to present and discuss
existing and innovative ideas to
clean up and keep clean
concerned ecosystems from the
source (mainly urban
ecosystems), via the rivers to the
Figure 1 Plastic pollution – a major environmental problem
coastal and marine systems.
(Image obtained from Shutterstock)
Project Background
Recent reporting about the massive escalation of plastic pollution, including the death
of a short-finned-pilot-whale in Thailand, that died because of the ingestion of 80
plastic bags, as well as reports of micro- and nano-plastics entering the human food
supply system, as well as extensive plastic-pollution in the oceans, has sent shock-
waves via the media into our communities.
Action, and the multiplication of action are urgently required. Providing and testing
solutions is clearly in UNESCO’s mandate. UNESCO has experience and capacity to
significantly improve the overall situation. However, the support of Government
agencies, foundations and the private sector is essential in order to provide long-
lasting and meaningful financial support. Moreover, Governments should participate
in the proposed conferences, related activities and urgently improve their policies to
reduce and improve the responsible production and consumption of plastic and
plastic waste management practices.
Implementation Sites
For the activities proposed in this Concept Note, UNESCO can rely on different types
of designated sites for implementation in the region: Biosphere Reserves, Creative
Cities, Geoparks, World Heritage Sites, all dedicated to the promotion of Sustainable
Development. Starting up a long term process of change, the present project will
focus its energies on Biosphere Reserves, where innovative grass-root projects
should be developed in priority, even if it is not excluded that similar actions could
also be replicated/emulated in other categories of designated sites, cities,
communities and water-front areas.
UNESCO Biosphere Reserves are areas comprising terrestrial, marine and coastal
ecosystems. Many of them are located close to or inside important wetlands, rivers,
lakes, coastal and marine areas. Each reserve promotes solutions reconciling the
conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use. Biosphere reserves are ‘Science
for Sustainability support sites’ – “special places for testing interdisciplinary
approaches to understanding and managing changes and interactions between
social and ecological systems, including conflict prevention and management of
biodiversity.” Because of the management systems, resource allocation, association
with academic research institutions, and overall aims and objectives inherent in
UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, they have been identified as ideal locations for
relevant ‘Beat the Plastic Pollution activities. Therefore, Biosphere Reserves in Asia-
Pacific countries are prime-locations for grass-root-projects.
Biannual Conferences:
The first conference should take place in an Asian/Pacific country that shows major
interest and commitment, including financial commitment and in-kind contributions, to
ensure the overall initiative is likely to be successful.
1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and
reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other
economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters.
Plastic pollution contributes to economic, social and
environmental shocks and disasters with a special view to
seafood supply and human health.
2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food
producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and
fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive
resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for
value addition and non-farm employment.
Plastic pollution contributes to adverse impacts in the fishing
industry.
3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous
chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination.
Plastic pollution in urban ecosystems contributes to the blockage
of waste-water drainage systems, which in turn, contributes to
the breeding of water-borne diseases.
5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for
leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life.
The participation of women (including young women) is
believed absolutely essential and highly beneficial towards the
initiatives’ overall success. It is therefore important to have a
good and fair gender balance on a rotational Regional Advisory
Committee, and encourage and clearly consider women in
science in the process of selecting proposals for grass-root
activities that will receive funding. The RAC will also strongly
encourage the participation of young professional women and
men.
11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including
by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management.
Plastic waste clearly contributes to the environmental impact of
cities, including highly questionable municipal waste-dumps,
frequently causing death and injury to the poorest human
compartments, including women and children.
12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all
wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international
frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to
minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment.
12.7 Promote public procurement practices that are sustainable, in accordance with
national policies and priorities.
12.8 By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and
awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature.
14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in
particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution.
14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to
avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and
take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans.
Good plastic waste management practices are absolutely
essential to achieve these two targets.
15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial
and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands,
mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements.
Good plastic waste management practices are absolutely
essential.
Outcome N°1: National and regional stakeholders and youth engaged (committed to)
with ‘The Plastic Initiative’
Outcome Budget
Outcome 1: Youth Conference ‘Clean-up / Keep clean’ US $ 500,000
1. 2019
2. 2021
(subsidized travel and accommodation and other
conference related costs – two conferences)
Outcome 2: Grass-root activities (2019-2021) US $ 1,520,000
Total US $ 3,500,000