Software Modeling and Analysis

Course Outlines

Lecture 6

6.1 System Analysis and Design

6.2 Object Oriented Analysis and Design

6.3 Data Flow Diagram

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 Learning Objectives

1 To understand the fundamental of software development

life cycle and its four phases

To be familiar with the basic characteristics of system

2 analysis and design, object-oriented analysis and design

3 To explain the purpose and different levels of Data Flow

Diagram

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6.1 System Analysis and Design

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

A framework that describes the activities performed at each

stage of a software development project

The Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) methodology

allows a project team to successfully build an application
uniquely suited to the organization’s needs

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6.1 System Analysis and Design

SDLC is composed of four fundamental phases:

Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation

Planning

Implementation Analysis

Design
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6.1 System Analysis and Design

1
Planning Phase

The planning phase is the fundamental process of understanding why an

information system should be built
Determining how the project team will go about building it.
It has two steps :
Project initiation
-system’s business value is identified: lower costs or increase revenues
Project management
-project manager create a workplan, staffs the project and put techniques
in place to help the project team control

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6.1 System Analysis and Design

2
Analysis Phase

The analysis phase answers the questions of who will use the system
What the system will do
Where and when it will be used
This phase has three steps:
Analysis strategy
-to guide the project team’s efforts
Requirements gathering
-interview or questions
System proposal
-analyses, system concept and models are combined into a document

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6.1 System Analysis and Design

3 Design Phase
The design phase decides how the system will operate, in terms of the
hardware, software, and network infrastructure, the user interface, etc.
The design phase has four steps:
Design strategy
-system will be developed by company’s own programmers or company
will buy an existing software package
Architecture design
-describes the hardware, software and network infrastructure to be used
Database and file specifications
-define exactly what data will be stored and where they will be stored
Program design
-define the program that need to be written and exactly each program will do
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4
Implementation Phase

The final phase in the SDLC is the implementation phase, during which the
system is actually built
This phase has three steps:
System construction
-system is built and tested to ensure it performs as designed
System installation
-is the process by which the old system is turned off and new one is turned
on.
Support plan
-identifying major and minor changes needed for system

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6.1 System Analysis and Design

What is Structured System Analysis and Design?

This overall topology is completed by data transformations; how

data is used and produced by different processes, how it is
transformed between processes, and where it is stored.

The data used in the system needs to be defined in a data-

dictionary and interrelations between data need to be specified
with entity-relationship diagrams.

Methods describe not only how models are developed but also
how they are organized and structured.

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6.1 System Analysis and Design

Analysis Phase
i. Determine system requirements:
➢ Interviewing: individuals and/or group
ii. Structuring system process requirements
➢ Data Flow Diagram (DFD) – logical process
modeling
iii. Logical requirements (logical modeling)
➢ Use structured English to represent DFD
because DFD does not show logic
➢ Use decision table / tree (logical choice in
conditional statement)
iv. Structuring system data requirements
➢ ER diagram

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6.1 System Analysis and Design

Design Phase

Database design (DB normalization)

Forms and report design (GUI design)

System Analysis and Design Method

1. Data flow diagram

2. Entity-relationship diagram

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