SHRISH CHANDRA PUBLIC INTER COLLEGE

_____________________________________________________________________
Pon dicherSANDI ROAD,RAJEPUR,HARDOI
________________________________________
ucherry-14

_______________________________________________
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
_________
2023-'24

VARIOUS LIQUIDS USING A HOLLOW PRISM

____________________________________________________________________
DEPENDENCE OF THE ANGLE OF DEVIATION ON THE ANGLE OF
INCIDENCE USING A HOLLOW PRISM WITH DIFFERENT FLUIDS
____________________________________________________________________

Guided by,
Mr.Ashish Singh_

Submitted by,
Krishanu Kant Bhaskar
______________________
__________
Class XII
 ____________________________________________
BONA FIDE CERTIFICATE
It is hereby
It is hereby to
to certify
certify that,
that, the
the original
original and
and genuine
genuineinvestigation
investigation
work
work has
has been
been carried
carried out
out to
to investigate
investigate about
aboutthe
thesubject
subjectmatter
matter
and the related data collection and investigation has been
and the related
completed data collection
solely, sincerely and investigation
and satisfactorily done by has been
_________________
Krishanu
completedKant Bhaskar
solely, of Class
sincerely XII of
and satisfactorily done by
Shrish Chandra
of ClassPublic Inter College,
XII, Kendriya Vidyalaya No.2, Pondicherry-14,
Sandi Road, Hardoi, “REFRACTIVE INDICES OF
regarding the project titled, "DEPENDECE OF THE ANGLE OF
_____________________________________
DEVIATION ON THE ANGLE OF INCIDENCE USING HOLLOW
_______________________________________________________________________
PRISM FILLED WITH DIFFERENT TRANSPARENT FLUIDS".
____________________________________________________________________

Signature of the Guide Principal’s Signature

Submitted for ALL India SENIOR SECONDARY EXAMINATION

Submitted
held for ALL at SHRISH
on _____________ India CHANDRA
SENIOR SECONDARY
PUBLIC INTER
eld on _____________ at KENDRIYA
VIDYALAYA No.2, PONDICHERRY.

Submitted for ALL India SENIOR SECONDARY EXAMINATION

held on _____________ at SHRISH CHANDRA PUBLIC INTER
COLLEGE, HARDOI

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 _________________________________
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without mentioning the names of those persons who
helped to make it possible. I take this opportunity to express my
gratitude in few words and respect to all those who helped me in
the completion of this project.
It is my humble pleasure to acknowledge my deep senses of
gratitude to my Physics teacher, ________________
Mr.Ashish Singh __ for his valuable
support, constant help and guidance at each and every stage,
without which this project would not have come forth.
I also register my sense of gratitude to our principal,
_______________
Ms.Chitra Bajpai ___ for her immense encouragement that has made
this project successful.
I would also like to thank my friends and family for encouraging
me during the course of this project.
Last, but not the least, I would like to thank CBSE for giving us
the opportunity to undertake this project.
 _____ __________________
Project Overview

(i) ______
Aim
(ii) __ __________
Apparatus _____
Required
(iii) ______
Theory_
(iv) ___________
Procedure
(v) Observations
______________
(vi) _____________
Conclusions
(vii) _____________
Precautions
(viii) _______ __ __ _
Bibliography
Aim
_____
To find out the refractive indices of different liquids using a
hollow prism

Apparatus
__ Required
____________ ______
i) Hollow glass prism
ii) Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide, benzaldehyde
etc.
iii) Bell pins
iv) Drawing board
Theory_
_______
A prism is a
transparent
optical element
with flat,
polished
surfaces that
refract light.
Prisms can be
made from any
material that is
transparent including glass, plastic and fluorite. A prism can be
used to break light up into its constituent spectral colors. Prisms
can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into components
with different polarizations.

The refractive index of the liquid

Is given by the formula:
U=sini/sinr=sin((a+d)/2)/sin(a/2)
Where,
U=refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction
Procedure
____________

i) Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help

of drawing pins.

ii) Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.

iii) Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.

iv) Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal

PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight
line.

v) Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the
marked outline ABC.

vi) Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all
the 4 pins appear to be in same line.

vii) Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so
obtained.

viii) Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.

ix) Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of

incidence.
____________
Observations
i) Benzaldehyde
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45

U=sin((60+40)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.504

ii) Water
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25
6 60 55 28

U=sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.306
iii) Dil. Sulphuric Acid
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30

U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.351
Conclusion
_____________

Refractive indices at room temperature:

i) Benzaldehyde
o Actual: 1.546
o Experimental: 1.504
o
ii) Water
o Actual: 1.33
o Experimental: 1.306
o
iii) Dil . Sulphuric acid
o Actual: 1.355
o Experimental: 1.351
Precautions
______________

i) Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.

ii) Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.

iii) Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.

iv) Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.

v) Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and

incident ray.
 ________________
BIBLIOGRAPHY

________
Help from _____
Internet_
i) www.byjus.com
ii) www.youtube.com
iii) www.wikipedia.org

THANK YOU