ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

This project focuses on electromagnetic induction through the interaction of a

coil of wire and a powerful bar magnet. Exploring the principles first established
by Faraday, the study aims to understand the generation of electrical currents
and their applications in various fields.

APPARATUS
A cylindrical coil of wire, a strong bar magnet, a galvanometer, a long cylindrical
can made of tin, connecting wires.

THEORY
When the magnetic flux linked with a coil change with time by bringing a magnet
near to it or away from it, an emf is induced in the coil. The of is proportional to
the rate of change of magnetic flux linked with the coil. To Pass current by this
emf in an external circuit, work must be done by an external agent. Hence the
induced emf opposes the cause of induction. This phenomenon is called
electromagnetic induction.
The phenomenon will be illustrated by doing actual experiments.

PROCEDURE
• A long cylindrical coil C is taken, and the two terminals of coil are joined by
connecting wires to a sensitive galvanometer. The coil is placed on the table.
• A strong bar magnet is brought near to the coil and kept at rest. No deflection
is observed in the galvanometer. So, no emf is induced.
• Now the North-pole of the magnet is brought near I to the coil, the
galvanometer (G) shows a small deflection, when the magnet is in motion. Fig
1.01. Hence, when magnetic flux linked with a coil change with time an emf is
induced.

• Now we take the magnet away from the coil. The deflection of galvanometer
needle is in the reverse direction. Hence when the flux increases, emf has one
direction and when it decreases. emf has opposite direction.
• Now we increase the speed with which the magnet is moved towards or away
from the coil. The deflection of the galvanometer increases. Hence induced emf
increases with the increase in the rate of change of magnetic flux.
• Movement of the magnet towards and away from the coil requires a deliberate
effort on our part. Hence the induced emf opposes the change of magnetic flux
linked with the coil either when it increases or decreases.
• Doing all the steps with the south pole of the magnet, we shall see the same
observations. his confirms our previous conclusions.
• Instead of the galvanometer if we can connect a torch bulb to the coil. We shall
see it glowing when the magnet is moving. The bulb glows brighter when the
speed of the magnet is increased.
• Now we place a soft cushion Son the table and hold a long cylindrical metallic
can C the cushion. Fig 1.02. Then drop the magnet into the can. We shall see that
the magnet takes noticeably longer time to fall through the can.
This confirms that the magnet experiences upward force when falls through the
can. The metallic can be imagined to be a very finely wound coil of wire and the
emf induced in each turn produces a current in a direction which opposes the
approach of the magnet. Fig 1.03.