1EQ - Science - Important Concept & Questions - Eng

1EQ – SCIENCE – IMPORTANT TOPICS
SI Units
No Quantity SI Unit • Sol (a); A plane angle is an example of a physical
1 Length Metre quantity which has unit but no dimension since, plane
2 Mass Kilogram angle = arc/radius in radian.
3 Time Second • Linear momentum, translational momentum, or simply
4 Electric current Ampere momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an
5 Thermo dynamic Kelvin object. It is a vector quantity, possessing a magnitude
temperature and a direction.
6 Amount of substance Mole • Velocity is the directional speed of an object in motion as
7 Luminous intensity Candela an indication of its rate of change in position as observed
8 Area Square metre from a particular frame of reference and as measured by
a particular standard of time.
9 Volume Cubic metre
• Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest
10 Velocity Metre/second
to shrink into the minimum surface area possible.
11 Acceleration Metre/second square
12 Density Kilogram/metre Cube 3. Electron-volt is a unit of ______.
13 Work Joule A. energy B. power
14 Energy Joule C. current D. potential difference
15 Force Newton • Sol (a);
16 Weight Newton PARAME UNIT
TER
17 Pressure Pascal
Energy Joule/ Kilowatt hour/ Erg/ Electron-volt
18 Frequency Hertz
19 Power Watt Power Watt
20 Impulse Newton-second Current Ampere
21 Angular velocity Radian /second Potential Volts
22 Electric charge Coulomb Difference
23 Electric potential(voltage) Volt 4. Which of the following has the same dimension as that
24 Capacitance Farad of linear momentum?
25 Inductance Henry A. Work B. Energy
26 Resistance Ohm C. Impulse D. Stress
27 Impedance Ohm • Sol (c); Impulse of a force is defined as the product of the
28 Reactance Ohm average force and the time interval for which the force
29 Electrical conductance siemens acts on the body.
30 Magnetic flux Weber • The SI unit of impulse is newton-second.
31 Magnetic flux density Tesla • Impulse is equal to the change in linear momentum of
32 Heat Joule the body.
33 Angle Radian PARAMETERS DIMENSION
34 Radioactivity Becquerel Work • [M1 L2 T-2]
35 Luminous flux Lumen Energy • [M1 L2 T-2]
36 Momentum kilogram meter per Impulse • [M1 L1 T-1]
second
37 Torque Newton metre Stress • [M1 L-1 T-2]
38 Specific heat Joule per kilogram Linear momentum [M1 L1 T-1]
kelvin
1. What is the power of ‘second’ in the SI unit of 5. How many microns are there in a metre?
acceleration? (a)10000 (b) 1000000
a. +1 b.–1 (c) 1000 (d) 100000
c. 0 d.–2 • Sol (b); 1micron length= 1 micrometer=10-6
• Sol (d); The SI unit of acceleration is metres/second 2 6. Parsec is a unit of ______.
(m/s2). (a)acceleration (b) Speed
• Acceleration is defined as - The rate of change of velocity (c) time (d) Length
with respect to time. • Sol (d); Parsec is a unit of Length.
• Acceleration is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude • It is defined as the distance at which one astronomical
and direction. unit substend an angle of one second.
• It is also the second derivative of position with respect to • List of fundamental units:
time or it is the first derivative of velocity with respect to Base quantity Name Symbol
time. length meter m
2. Which of the following is the physical quantity for the mass kilogram kg
expression arc/radius? time second s
a. Plane angle b. Linear momentum electric current ampere A
c. Velocity d. Surface tension
1 Subscribe: https://t.me/One_EQ
AVAILABLE ON
WWW.1KITAB.COM
thermodynamic kelvin K 10-12 pico p
temperature 10-15 femto f
amount of substance mole mol 10-18 atto a
luminous intensity candela cd
10-21 zepto z
7. Which of the following is the SI unit for measuring the 10-24 yocto y
amount of a substance?
(a)metre (m) (b) kelvin (K) 11. Coulomb per second is equivalent to ______.
(c) mole (mol) (d) candela (cd) (a)joule (b) volt
• Sol (c); mole (mol) is the SI unit for measuring the (c) ampere (d) ohm
amount of a substance. • Sol (c); ampere
• Physical quantity SI unit
8. Weber per second is equivalent to ______
(a)ampere (b) volt • time (second)
(c) coulomb (d) Ohm • Length (metre)
• Sol (b); It is the SI unit of magnetic flux. • Mass (kilogram)
• Weber per second is equivalent to volt. • electric current (ampere)
• Magnetic flux is a measurement of the total magnetic • thermodynamic temperature (kelvin)
field which passes through a given area. • amount of substance (mole)
QUANTITY SI UNIT • luminous intensity (candela)
Electric current Ampere 12. 'Torr' is a unit of _______.
Electric potential volt (a) pressure (b) force
Electric resistance Ohm (c) power (d) energy
Electric charge couloumb • Sol (a); Pressure – Torr (A torr is a non-SI unit of pressure
defined as 1/760 of an atmosphere pascal (PA) is the SI
9. All the non-zero vectors are called ______.
unit of pressure)
(a)co-initial vectors (b) proper vectors
• Power – SI unit – Watt
(c) equal vectors (d) coplanar vectors
• Energy – SI Unit – Joule
• Sol (b); All the non-vectors are called proper vectors.
• Force – SI Unit – Newton
• co-initial vector -A vector is said to be a co-initial vector
when two or more vectors have the same starting point, 13. What is the unit of measure of a magnetic ﬁeld
for example, Vectors AB and AC are called co-initial (a) Cobalt (b) Ohm
vectors because they have the same starting point A. (c) Tesla (d) Ampere
• equal vectors-Two vectors are said to be equal vectors • Sol (c); Tesla is the SI unit of magnetic field.
when they have both direction and magnitude equal, • Magnetic field strength is one of two ways that the
even if they have different initial points. intensity of a magnetic field can be expressed.
• coplaner vectors-Three or more vectors lying in the same • Technically, a distinction is made between magnetic field
plane are known as coplanar vectors. strength H, measured in amperes per meter (A/m), and
magnetic flux density B, measured in Newton - meters
10. In terms of SI prefixes 10-15 is called:
per ampere (Nm/A), also called Tesla (T).
(a)Yocto (b) Femto
(c) Zepto (d) Atto • 1 Tesla equals to 104 Gauss. The smaller unit being
gauss.
• Sol (b); Femto
14. Identify the unit of measuring intensity of sound.
Factor Name Symbol
(a) Knots (b) Ampere
1024 yotta Y (c) Candela (d) Decibels
1021 zetta Z • Sol (d); The intensity of sound is measured in units
called Decibels.
1018 exa E • The ampere (a) is the SI unit of Electric Current. It is
1015 peta P named after André - Marie Ampère a, French
mathematician, and physicist, considered the father of
1012 tera T electrodynamics.
109 giga G • The Candela (cd) is the SI unit of luminous intensity. It
measures the luminous power per unit solid angle
106 mega M emitted by a point light source in a particular direction.
103 kilo k Energy: joule
• Speed: m/s
102 hecto h
• Electricity: kilowatt-hour
101 deka da • The speed of the ship is measured by Knot.
Factor Name Symbol
10-1 deci d 15. Which of the following units is used for the
10-2 centi c measurement of Luminous Intensity?
(a) Candela (b) Mole
10-3 milli m
(c) Ampere (d) Kelvin
10-6 micro µ • Sol (a); The candela (cd) is the SI unit of luminous
10-9 nano n intensity.
• A common candle emits light with a luminous intensity displacement of one meter. Sometimes, newton-metre
of roughly 1 cd. (N-m) is also used for measuring work.
• The ampere (A), the SI base unit of electric current. 24. Which of the following is correctly matched?
• The Kelvin(K) is the SI unit of thermodynamic (a) Electric energy - Kilowatt hour
temperature. (b) Electric power - Kilohour
• The mole is the SI unit of the amount of substance. (c) Electric potential - Kilowatt seconds
16. Identify the unit of measurement of energy. (d) Electric force - Kilowatt minute
(a) Joule (b) Watt • Sol(a); The commercial unit of electrical energy is a
(c) Vold (d) Ampere kilowatt-hour (kWh).
• Sol (a); The SI unit of energy/work is the Joule(J). • Electrical energy: The energy that is derived from the
• It is named in honor of James Prescott Joule and his flow of electric charge is called electrical energy.
experiments on the mechanical equivalent of heat. • The SI unit of electrical energy is Joule.
• 1 joule is equal to 1 newton meter. • Kilowatt-hour: It is the unit of energy and is equal to the
17. Which one among the following measures the same energy consumed in the circuit at the rate of 1 kilowatt
quantity as that is measured by the SI unit ‘pascal’? for 1 hour.
(a) newton (b) joule • 1 kilowatt hour = 3.6 x 106 joule.
(c) Watt (d) torr • Electric Power: The rate at which electrical energy is
• Sol (d); Torr and Pascal both are units of pressure. consumed in a circuit is called electric power.
• Pressure can be defined as the force applied • SI unit is the watt.
perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area • One Kilowatt is equal to 1000 watts.
over which that force is distributed. 25. Which of the following is the SI base unit for photometry
• Watt is the unit of power. — the science of measuring light as perceived by the
• Joule is the unit of energy. human visual system?
• Newton is the unit of force. (a) Ampere (b) Mole
(c) Candela (d) Kelvin
18. The SI (International system of units) unit of length is
______. • Sol: C
(a) metre (b) Centimetre The candela is the SI's base unit for photometry—the
(c) millimetre (d) kilometre science of measuring light as perceived by the human
• Sol (a); SI Unit: It is an abbreviation from the French visual system.
name Le Systeme International d’Unites. 26. The SI unit of electric charge is a ______.
• There are 7 fundamental units and two supplementary (a) watt (b) joule
units. (c) newton (d) coulomb
19. What is the SI unit of pressure? • Sol.(d); The coulomb is defined as the quantity of
(a) Ohm (b) Pascal electricity transported in one second by a current of one
(c) Volt (d) Ampere ampere.
• Sol (b); Pascal or Newton/m2 27. The SI unit of speed is ______.
(a) m/hr (b) km/hr
20. Which of the following is the SI unit of temperature?
(c) km/s (d) m/s
(a) Kelvin (b) Réaumur scale
(c) Candla (d) Ampere • Sol.(d); Speed is measured as v= Distance/Time
• Sol (a); The SI unit of temperature is Kelvin. • where SI unit of distance is m and that of time is s.
• Thus SI unit of speed is m/s.
21. The SI unit of radioactivity is ____________.
(a) ampere (b) becquerel 28. What is the unit of work done?
(c) decibel (d) cobolt (a) Ampere (b) Joule
• Sol (b); Becquerel (c) Watt (d) Decibel
• Sol.(b); Joule is defined as the work done by a force of
22. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
one newton causing a displacement of one meter.
(a) Electrons are negatively charged.
Ampere - Current
(b) Protons are positively charged.
Decibel- Sound
(c) Electric charge is a scalar quantity.
Watt - Power
(d) Electric charge is a vector quantity
• Sol(d); Electric charge is a scalar quantity. Apart from 29. What is the commercial unit of electric energy?
having a magnitude and direction, a quantity to be (a) Kilowatt hour (b) Watt per hour
termed a vector it should also obey the laws of vector (c) Kilowatt per hour (d) Watt-hour
addition, such as triangle law of vector addition and • Sol.(a); Kilowatt hour
parallelogram law of vector addition; only then the • Commercial unit of electric energy is kilowatt hour
quantity is said to be a vector quantity. (kWh).
• It is defined as energy consumed by an appliance of 1kW
23. The SI unit of work is ______.
when it is used for one hour.
(a) Joule (b) Decibel
(c) Hertz (d) Pascal 30. What is the numerical value of a physical quantity?
• Sol(a); The SI unit of work is joule (J). Joule is defined as (a) Reference (b) Magnitude
the work done by a force of one newton causing a (c) Direction (d) Distance
• Sol.(b); Magnitude
• A physical quantity is represented as the combination of
a numerical value and a unit.
• This numerical value used in the representation of the
physical quantity is known as the magnitude of that
physical quantity.
Common and Chemical Names of Some

Important Chemical Compounds
Chemical Chemical Common names • Natural gas
Compounds formula • Carbon tetrahydride
Calcium oxide Cao Quick lime • Hydrogen carbide
Calcium Ca(OH)2 Slaked lime
Acetic Acid - -
hydroxide
• Formula: CH₃COOH
Calcium carbonate CaCO3 Limestone
Trichloro Methane CHCl3 Chloroform • systematically named ethanoic acid, is an acidic,
colourless liquid and organic compound .
Sodium Borate Na2B4O7.10H Borax
2O • Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making
Calcium CaOCl2 Bleaching powder acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from
Oxychloride water and other trace elements.
sodium NaHCO3 Baking soda • Acetic acid is the second simplest carboxylic acid (after
hydrogencarbonat formic acid). It is an important chemical reagent and
e industrial chemical, used primarily in the production of
cellulose acetate for photographic film, polyvinyl acetate
Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 Washing soda
for wood glue, and synthetic fibres and fabrics.
Calcium sulphate CaSO4 Plaster of paris
hemihydrate .1/2H2O Chloroform –
calcium sulfate CaSO4 .2H2O Gypsum • Formula: CHCl₃
dihydrate • IUPAC ID: Trichloromethane
Acetic acid CH3COOH Vinegar • It is an organic compound.
Silicon Oxide SiO2 Sand • It is a colorless, strong-smelling, dense liquid.
Methane CH4 Marsh Gas
• It is a powerful anesthetic, euphoriant, anxiolytic and
Nitrous oxide N2O Laughing Gas sedative when inhaled or ingested.
Deuterium Oxide D2O Heavy water
2. Which of the following compounds in petroleum can
Solid CO2 Dry ice
cause corrosion to parts of internal combustion engines
Carbondixide and refineries?
Calcium CaCo3 Chalk (a) Sulphur (b) Sodium
Carbonate (c) Calcium (d) Potassium
Sulphuric Acid H2SO4 Oil of vitriol • Sol. (d); Sulphur
Zinc sulphate ZnSO4 White Vitriol
Copper sulphate CuSO4.5H2O Blue Vitriol Sodium Calcium Potassium
Sodium hydroxide NaOH Caustic Soda Atom no. 11 20 19
Potassium K2CO3 Potash Ash Group 1 2 1
carbonate Period 3 4 4
Mercurous Hg2Cl2 Calomel
Block S S S
chloride
Sucrose C12H22O11 Sugar Electron [Ne] 3S1 [Ar] 4S2 [Ar] 4S1
Silver nitrate AgNO3 Lunar caustic configuration
Ethyl Alcohol C2 H5OH Alcohol Electrons per 2,8,1 2,8,8,2 2,8,8,1
Hydrochloric acid HCl Muriatic acid shell
Nitrous Oxide N2O Laughing Gas 3. Which of the following is NOT a chemical coagulant
Magnesium Mg(OH)2 Milk of magnesia used in water treatment?
hydroxide (a) Polyaluminium chloride (PAC)
(b) Aluminium sulfate (Alum)
1. What is the name of the compound having the formula (c) Aluminium chloride (d) Nitrogen dioxide
CH3CH2OH? • Sol. (d); Nitrogen dioxide is not a chemical coagulant
(a) Ethanol (b) Methane used in water treatment.
(c) Acetic Acid (d) Chloroform Coagulant used for water purification -
Sol. (a); Ethanol – CH3CH2OH • The aluminum coagulants include aluminum
• Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a sulfate(alum), aluminum chloride and sodium aluminate.
characteristic wine-like odor and pungent taste. • The iron coagulants include ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate,
• It is a psychoactive drug, recreational drug, and the ferric chloride and ferric chloride sulfate.
active ingredient in alcoholic drinks. • Other chemicals used as coagulants include hydrated
Methane – lime and magnesium carbonate.
• Formula: CH₄ • Polyaluminium chloride (aluminium chlorohydrate) also
Other names simply called PAC, is used in deodorants and as a
• Marsh gas coagulant in water purification.
4. Which of the following is NOT used to make toothpaste? • Manganese dioxide is further used as a key component
(a) Galena (b) Silica in battery making.
(c) Limestone (d) Aluminium Oxide Name of Compound Chemical Applications
• Sol. (a); Galena is not used in toothpaste. Formula
• Component of toothpaste-aluminum hydroxide, calcium Silicon Dioxide (Silica) SiO2 Glassmaking
hydrogen phosphates, calcium carbonate, silica, Lime Industry
stone and hydroxyapatite. Titanium dioxide (Titania) TiO2 Cosmetics and
• Toothpaste is basic in nature. skincare
5. The colour of an emerald is generally ______. products
(a) yellow (b) Green Manganese Dioxide MnO2 Remove colour
(c) red (d) blue from glass
• Sol. (b); Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of Sulphur dioxide SO2 Disinfectant,
the mineral beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored green by trace Refrigerant
amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium. 8. Which of the following is the chemical name of baking
• Beryl has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale. Most soda?
emeralds are highly included. (a) Sodium carbonate (b) Sulphate
6. Which of the following is the common name of a natural (c) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
admixture mineral of zinc carbonate and hydrous zinc (d) Calcium hydroxide
silicate? • Sol. (c); Baking soda-Sodium hydrogen carbonate or
(a) Calamine (b) Benzol sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3
(c) Borax (d) Chalk • Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3
• Sol. (a); Calamine (Zinc carbonate), also known • Sodium hydroxide, NaOH
as calamine lotion, is a medication used to treat
Sodium chloride, NaCl
mild itchiness.
9. Which chemical compound, with the chemical formula
• This includes from sunburn, insect bites, poison CH3CH2Cl, is used as a blowing agent in foamed
ivy, poison oak, and other mild skin conditions.
plastics?
• It may also help dry out skin irritation (a) 3-Chlorohexane (b) 1-chloropropane
Benzo (c) Chloromethane (d) Chloroethane
• Benzodiazepines sometimes called "benzos" or "blues", • Sol. (d); Chloroethane, commonly known as ethyl
are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical chloride, is a chemical compound with chemical formula
structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and CH3CH2Cl, once widely used in producing
a diazepine ring tetraethyllead, a gasoline additive.
• As depressants—drugs which lower brain activity—they 10. What is the common name of CHCl3?
are prescribed to treat conditions such (a) Chloroform (b) Sodium chloride
as anxiety, insomnia, and seizures (c) Ethylchloride (d) Hydrochloric acid
Borax • Sol. (a); Chloroform, or trichloromethane, is an organic
• Borax is a salt (ionic compound), compound with formula CHCl3 and is a common organic
a hydrated borate of sodium, with chemical solvent. It is a colorless, strong-smelling, dense liquid
formula Na2H20B4O17 often written Na2B4O7·10H2O. produced on a large scale as a precursor to PTFE.
• It is a colorless crystalline solid, that dissolves in water 11. Identify the chemical formula for potassium hydroxide.
to make a basic solution. (a) KOH (b) K2O
(c) POH2 (d) K2H2
• It is commonly available in powder or granular form
• Sol. (a); Potassium hydroxide has the formula written as
Chalk KOH. If we break it down, hydroxide (OH–) has one
• Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate hydrogen and one oxygen atom with a charge of 1–.
rock. Whereas potassium (K+) which is an alkali metal has a
• It is a form of limestone composed of the charge of +1.
mineral calcite and originally formed deep under the sea 12. Which of the following is an organic compound with the
by the compression of microscopic plankton that had formula C6H4Cl2 that is used as a fumigant insecticide to
settled to the sea floor control cloth moths?
7. Which of the following is used to remove the green (a) Paradichlorobenzene (b) Ethylbenzene
colour from glass? (c) Benzoyl chloride (d) Chlorobenzene
(a) Silicon dioxide (b) Titanium dioxide • Sol. (a); 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB, p-DCB, or para-
(c) Sulphur dioxide (d) Manganese dioxide dichlorobenzene, sometimes abbreviated as PDCB or
• Sol. (d); Manganese dioxide is used to remove the green para) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4Cl2.
colour from the glass which caused by iron impurities. This colorless solid has a strong odor. The molecule
consists of a benzene ring with two chlorine atoms
• Naturally occurring manganese dioxide (MnOz) is
(replacing hydrogen atoms) on opposing sites of the
known as pyrolusite. It usually MnOz found in nature is
ring.
a black-brown solid.
13. Which compound has the chemical formula CHCl3
• Among all the manganese compounds, MnO is most
whose melting point is 209 K?
plentiful compound.
(a) Carbon tetrachloride (b) Chlorophenol
(c) Chloroform (d) Chloroethanol
• Sol. (c); Chloroform also known as trichloromethane is • It is highly resistant to both chemical and
an organic compound with formula CHCl3. mechanical weathering.
14. Find the correct chemical formula of nitromethane. 21. Which among the following gases is also known as
(a) CH3NO (b) CH3NO2 ‘Laughing Gas’?
(c) CH4NO2 (d) CH3NO3 (a) Carbon monoxide (b) Sulphur dioxide
• Sol. (d); Nitromethane (CH3NO2) is an important organic (c) Carbon dioxide (d) Nitrous oxide
chemical raw material with a wide variety of applications • Sol. (d); Nitrous oxide is also known as "Laughing Gas".
as well as one of the most common pollutants. • The chemical formula of Nitrous oxide is N2O.
15. Which of the following gases is referred to as ‘laughing • It is a colourless, non-flammable gas at room
gas’? temperature, with a faint metallic smell and taste.
(a)Carbon dioxide (b) Carbon monoxide
• It is a potent oxidizer similar to molecular oxygen at
(c) Nitrous Oxide (d) Sulfur dioxide
elevated temperatures.
• Sol. (c); Nitrous Oxide is referred to as ‘laughing gas’.
• It has important medical uses for its anesthetic and pain-
• It is called so because it has a euphoric effect when
reducing effects, especially in surgery and dentistry.
inhaled.
• The name "Laughing Gas" is coined by Humphry Davy.
• It is an odorless, colorless and non-flammable gas.
22. Sapphire and ruby are varieties of natural:
16. Who among the following scientists invented dynamite?
(a)aluminium oxide (b) aluminium hydroxide
(a) Rudolf Diesel (b) Benjamin Franklin
(c)aluminium sulphide (d)aluminium carbonate
(c) Alfred Nobel (d) Thomas Alva Edison
• Sol. (a); Sapphire and ruby are varieties of Aluminium
• Sol. (c); Dynamite is discovered by Swedish chemist
oxide (Al2O3).
Alfred Nobel in 1867.
• They present in a Corundum (crystalline form).
• He bequeathed all of his “remaining realizable assets” to
be used to establish five prizes which became known as • The hardness of Sapphire and Ruby is 9 on the Mohs
“Nobel Prizes”. scale, which makes it the third hardest mineral after
diamond (10) and moissanite (9.5).
• Nobel Prizes were first awarded in 1901.
• Mohs scale: A scale used to measure the relative
17. What is the chemical name of slaked lime?
hardness of a mineral by its resistance to scratching.
(a) Calcium Nitrate (b) Sodium Chloride
(c) Calcium Chloride (d) Calcium Hydroxide 23. Which among the following is a copper mineral?
• Sol. (d); Calcium hydroxide (salked lime) is an inorganic (a)bauxite (b)azurite
compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)₂. It is a (c)halite (d)Hermatite
colourless crystal or white powder and is produced • Sol. (b); Some of the important copper minerals are:
when quicklime is mixed or slaked with water. Name Formula
• It has many names including hydrated lime, caustic lime, Azurite Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
builders' lime, slaked lime, cal, and pickling lime. Malachite Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂
18. Which of the following gases has an odour that is similar Cuprite Cu2O
to the odour of rotten eggs? Chrysocolla CuO.SiO2.2H2O
(a) Hydrogen Sulfide (b) Dimethyl cyclohexane Chalcocite Cu2S
(c) Chlorine (d) Ammonia Covellite CuS
• Sol. (a); Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless, flammable Bornite Cu5FeS4
gas that smells like rotten eggs at low concentration Chalcopyrite CuFeS2
levels in the air.
24. Nature pearls contain more than 80%______.
• It is commonly known as sewer gas, stink damp, and
(a) sodium carbonate (b) calcium carbonate
manure gas.
(c) silica (d) quartz
19. Saltpetre is another name for ______. • Sol. (b); "Natural pearls contain more than 80% calcium
(a) potassium nitrate (b) potassium chloride carbonate.
(c) sodium chloride (d) sodium hydroxide
• They can be dissolved in vinegar.
• Sol. (a); Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) is also called Saltpetre
or Niter. • A pearl is a hard, glistening object produced within the
soft tissue of a living shelled mollusk or another animal.
• It occurs in nature as a mineral, niter and it a source of
nitrogen. • The ideal pearl is perfectly round and smooth.
• It is widely used in Fertilizers, Gunpowder, Rocket • The iridescence that pearls display is caused by the
Propellants, Firecrackers, food processing etc. It has also overlapping of successive layers, which breaks up light
pharmacological uses. falling on the surface."
20. What is the chemical formula of 'quartz'? 25. Aqua regia is a freshly prepared mixture of concentrated
(a) SiO3 (b) SiO5 hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid in the ratio
(c) SiO1 (d) SiO2 of ______ by volume.
• Sol. (d); SiO2 is the chemical formula of 'quartz'. (a) 6 : 1 (b) 2 : 1
(c) 3 : 1 (d) 4 : 1
• Quartz is made up of elements oxygen and silicon.
• Sol. (c) 3:1
• It consists of 2 parts of the oxygen and 1 part of silicon. Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric
• It is the most abundant mineral found on the surface of acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. Aqua regia is a
the earth.
yellow-orange (sometimes red) fuming liquid, so named • The atomic weight of Radon is 222 atomic mass units
by alchemists because it can dissolve the noble metals making it the heaviest known gas. It is 220 times heavier
gold and platinum, though not all metals. than the lightest gas, Hydrogen.
26. What organic compounds are found in the cells of apples, 32. What is the name of a protein that polymerizes into long
and when these are exposed to oxygen in the air, for chains or filaments that form microtubules, hollow fibres
example through slicing, the oxygen causes reaction? that act as the skeletal system for living cells?
(a) Phenols (b) Carboxylic acid (a) Ferritin (b) Tubulin
(c) Resorcinol (d) Cyclohexanol (c) Fibrinogen (d) Elastin
• Sol:A • Sol. (b) Tubulin
• Phenols compounds are found in the cells of apples. • Tubulin is the protein that polymerizes into long chains
• the enzyme polyphenol oxidase (also known as or filaments that form microtubules, hollow fibers which
tyrosinase) located in the cells gets exposed to and reacts serve as a skeletal system for living cells. Microtubules
with oxygen in the air when fresh fruits and vegetables have the ability to shift through various formations
are peeled or cut open. The browning of fruits and which is what enables a cell to undergo mitosis or to
vegetables is caused by a chemical reaction known as regulate intracellular transport.
oxidation. The bruising that can be seen on various fruits, • Ferritin: Ferritin is a blood protein that contains iron.
such as apples and pears, is caused by a similar reaction. • Fibrinogen: Fibrinogen is a protein produced by the liver.
When an apple is hit or dropped, the cells in that area are This protein helps stop bleeding by helping blood clots to
destroyed, and the enzymes inside the apple are exposed form.
to the air, causing them to turn brown. To keep fruits and
• Elastin: Elastin is one of the most abundant proteins in
vegetables from turning brown, use an anti-browning
your body. It's a stretchy protein that resembles a rubber
solution when preparing them for use.
band — it can stretch out (extend) and shrink back
27. What is the IUPAC name of an organic compound whose (recoil).
formula is, and used as an explosive, an antiseptic drug
33. Which of the following chemical compounds is used as a
and a fixative?
yeast defoaming agent, commonly found in butter, meat,
(a) 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (b) 2,3-triethoxyethane
cereals, chewing gum, baked goods, snack foods,
(c) 1,4-Benzoquinone (d) 2,4-trinitrogendioxide
dehydrated potatoes and beer?
• Sol(a) picric acid, also called 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, pale (a) Potassium Nitrate (PN) (b) Benzene hexachloride
yellow, odourless crystalline solid that has been used as a (c) Chlorobenzoate
military explosive, as a yellow dye, and as an antiseptic. (d) Butylated hydroxyanisole
28. Which of the following compounds is also called • Sol. (d) Butylated hydroxyanisole
‘Norwegian saltpeter’?
• Butylated hydroxyanisole is an antioxidant consisting of
(a) Nitrous oxide (b) Calcium nitrate
a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds, 2-tert-
(c) Sodium nitrate (d) Potassium nitrate
butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-
• Sol: B hydroxyanisole. It is prepared from 4-methoxyphenol
Calcium nitrate, also called Norgessalpeter (Norwegian and isobutylene. It is a waxy solid used as a food additive
salpeter), is an inorganic compound with the formula
• Potassium Nitrate (PN): Potassium nitrate is a chemical
Ca(NO3)2(H2O)x. The anhydrous compound, which is
compound with the chemical formula KNO ₃. This alkali
rarely encountered, absorbs moisture from the air to give
metal nitrate salt is also known as Indian saltpetre.
the tetrahydrate.
• Benzene hexachloride: Benzene hexachloride is a
29. If n is the energy level index for an atom, then for the M
colourless solid with a slight musty odour. It is an
shell, n is equal to:
organochlorine chemical and is widely used as an
(a) 2 (b) 1
agricultural insecticide
(c) 4 (d) 3
• Chlorobenzoate: Any chloro-derivative of a benzoate; a
• Sol: D
salt or ester of chlorobenzoic acid
If n is the energy level index for an atom, then for the M
shell, n is equal to 3. Shell given = M, orbit number = 3. 34. Common name of the compound CaOCl2 is ______.
The maximum number of electrons present in a shell is (a) baking soda (b) washing soda
given by the formula 2n2. (c) gypsum (d) bleaching powder
• Sol (d):
30. Which of the following substances is an alloy? The common name of the compound CaOCl2 is
(a) Zirconium (b) Bronze bleaching powder.
(c) Tungsten (d) Platinum CaOCl2 is the chemical formula for calcium
• Sol: B hypochlorite, an inorganic chemical compound. They're
Bronze is an alloy , traditionally composed of copper and also known as calcium oxychloride,
tin. Modern bronze is typically 88 percent copper and 35. Limestone, chalk and marble are different forms of
about 12 percent tin. ______.
31. Which of the following is the heaviest gas? (a) Calcium phosphate (b) Calcium hydroxide
(a) Oxygen (b) Helium (c) Calcium oxide (d) Calcium carbonate
(c) Radon (d) Nitrogen • Sol(d); In nature, Calcium carbonate occurs in the form
• Sol; C of Limestone, Chalk and Marble.
36. Chemical formula of washing soda is ______.
(a) NaHCO3 (b) Na2CO3.10H2O (a) CaO (b) Ca(OH) 2
(c) Na2SO4 (d) NaOH (c) CaOCl2 (d) CaCO 3
• Sol (b): Na2CO3.10H2O • Sol.(c); Chemical formula of bleaching powder is
• Washing soda is a chemical compound with the formula CaOCL2.
Na2CO3. 10H2O. • Calcium oxide CaO.
• It is an inorganic hydrate of sodium carbonate. • Calcium hydroxide, also called slaked lime, Ca(OH)2.
• It was extracted from the ashes of plants growing in 44. Name an alkylbenzene widely used as a chemical
sodium-rich soils and hence the name soda ash. intermediate in the production of phenol.
37. The chemical formula of borax is _________. (a) Furan (b) Styrene
(a) Na2B4O7.12H2O (b) Na2B507.10H2O (c) Cumene (d) Toluene
(c) Na2B4O7.10H2O (d) Na2B4O7.5H2O • Sol (c); Cumene
• Sol (c):Na2B4O7.10H2O • Cumene is a common name for isopropylbenzene, an
• Borax is a salt, a hydrated borate of sodium, with organic compound.
chemical formula Na₂H₂₀B₄O₁₇ often written • Cumene is a volatile colourless liquid at room
Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O. temperature with a characteristic sharp, penetrating,
• It is a colourless crystalline solid that dissolves in water aromatic odour.
to make a basic solution. • It is insoluble in water but is soluble in alcohol and many
38. Which of the following is NOT the correct match? other organic solvents.
(a) The acid present in rancid butter – Butyric acid 45. Which of the following is potash alum?
(b) The acid present in tomato – Formic acid (a) K₂SO4Al2(SO4)3-24H2O
(c) The acid present in orange – citric acid (b) Na2SO4Al2(SO4)3.24H₂O
(d) The acid present in grapes – Tartaric acid (c) Na2SO4Al2(SO4)3.20H2O
• Sol (b): (d) K₂SO4Al2(SO4)3.12H₂O
The acid present in tomatoes is Oxalic Acid ( COOH ) 2 . • Sol (a); Potash alum is a chemical compound widely
39. Which of the following is soda lime? used as the potassium sulphate dodecahydrate. It is
(a) NaOH+Cao (b) KOH + CaO double salt that is used commonly in medicine and the
(c) Ca(OH)2+Cao (d) CaCl2 + CaO water treatment process. Potash alum is also known as
• Sol (a): potassium alum or potassium aluminium sulphate. The
Soda lime is NaOH + CaO, that is, sodium hydroxide chemical formula of potash alum is
K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H20.
and calcium oxide mixture.
46. What is the chemical name of saltpetre?
40. ______ is found in association with rocks composed of
(a) Lead sulphate (b) Lead nitrate
calcium carbonates?
(c) Potassium manganite (d) Potassium nitrate
(a) Diamond (b) Gold
• Sol (d):Potassium nitrate
(c) Limestone (d) Iron
• Sol (c):Limestone • Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the
chemical formula KNO ₃.
• Limestone - a sedimentary rock composed mostly of
calcium carbonate in the form of calcite or aragonite, • This alkali metal nitrate salt is also known as Indian
used as a building stone and in the manufacture of lime, saltpetre.
carbon dioxide and cement. • It is an ionic salt of potassium ions K⁺ and nitrate ions
41. Chemical formula of magnesium oxide is ______. NO₃⁻, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate.
(a) MgCO3 (b) MgO • It occurs in nature as a mineral, niter.
(c) MgO2 (d) Mg(OH)2 47. Which of the following is known as ‘Plaster of Paris’?
• Sol (b): MgO (a) 2MgSO4.7H2O (b) 2CaSO4.H2O
• The chemical and molecular formula of magnesium (c) 2MgSO4.H2O (d) 2CaSO4.2H2O
oxide is MgO • Sol (b): 2CaSO4.H2O
• Magnesium oxide, or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic • Plaster of Paris is known as calcium sulphate
solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a hemihydrate because two formula units of CaSO4 share
source of magnesium one molecule of H2O.
42. Which French chemist was one of the first scientists to
Chemistry in everyday life
synthesise organic compounds such as formic acid,
methane and acetylene from their elements? 48. Methane is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but
(a) Jacob Berzelius (b) Auguste Laurent flammable gas. What is its common name?
(c) Antoine Lavoisier (d) Marcellin Berthelot (a) Blue vitriol (b) Laughing gas
• Sol (d):Marcellin Berthelot (c) Heating gas (d) Marsh gas
• The champion of synthesis and opponent of atomism • Sol. (d); Methane is called Marsh gas because it is
released in huge amounts from marshes where anaerobic
• Some of his more notable achievements included the
bacteria decompose matter.
synthesis of formic acid in 1856, methane in 1858, and
acetylene in 1862. His synthesis of benzene in 1851 by • Methane is the hydrocarbon having the lowest molecular
heating acetylene in a glass tube opened the way to the mass with chemical formula CH4.
production of aromatic compounds. • It was discovered by Alessandro Volta in 1776.
43. Chemical formula of bleaching powder is ______.
• It is the main constituent of Biogas and Compressed • Amine Oxide, Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), Citric
Natural Gas (CNG). Acid, Cyclodextrin, Alcohol Ethoxylate (AE) Non-ionic
• It is a Greenhouse gas and its global warming potential is surfactant, Alkyl (or Alcohol) Ethoxy Sulphate (AES) and
28 - 36 times as that of CO2. Alkyl Sulphate (AS) Anionic surfactant are some other
chemicals present in detergents.
• Paddy fields are also a huge source of Methane
emissions. • Detergents with the straight chain of hydrocarbons are
preferred over the branched chain as the latter are non-
Common Name Chemical Formula biodegradable and consequently cause environmental
Laughing Gas Nitrous Oxide/N2O pollution.
Blue Vitriol Copper Sulfate/CuSO4
Name Chemical Formula
Marsh Gas Methane/CH4
Calcium carbonate CaCO3
Quick Silver Mercury (Hg)
Hydrochloric acid HCl
49. Which of the following is used to control pest fish? Sodium alkyl CnH2n+1OSO2ONa
(a) Predacides (b) Ovicides sulphate
(c) Herbicides (d) Piscicides
• Sol. (d); A piscicide is a chemical substance that is toxic 53. Nitrous Oxide' is the chemical name of .
to fish. (a) Laughing Gas (b) Mosquito Repellent
(c) Tear Gas (d) Fire Extinguisher
• The use of piscicides is to eliminate a dominant fish
• Sol. (a); Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas
species in a body of water, as the first step in trying to
or nitrous, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen
populate the water body with a different fish.
with the formula N2O.
• They are also used to fight fish species which are
• Tear gas, also called lacrimator, any of a group of
parasitic and invasive.
substances that irritate the mucous membranes of the
• Examples of piscicides include saponins, rotenone, TFM, eyes, causing a stinging sensation and tears.
Antimycin A (Fintrol) and niclosamide.
54. Which gas in its solid state is also known as dry ice?
50. Which of the following is used for removing permanent (a) Nitrogen (b) Carbon dioxide
hardness of water? (c) Oxygen (d) Hydrogen
(a) Baking soda (b) Lime • Sol. (b); Dry Ice is the common name for solid carbon
(c) Bleaching powder (d) Washing soda dioxide (CO2).
• Sol. (d); Washing soda is used for removing the
• It gets this name because it does not melt into a liquid
permanent hardness of the water.
when heated; instead, it changes directly into a gas (This
• The hardness in water can be caused by the presence of process is known as sublimation).
the chlorides, nitrates, and sulphates of calcium and
55. A traditional 'battery' contains which of the following
magnesium.
chemichals?
• These do not precipitate by boiling water. Hence, (a) Ethylene glycol (b) Sulphuric acid
Washing Soda is used. (c) Sodium bicarbonate (d) Ethanol
• Washing Soda is known as Sodium Carbonate. • Sol. (b); The Traditional battery contains Sulfuric acid.
• The formula for washing soda can be given as Na 2CO3. • The Battery acid is 30-50% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in water.
• Baking Soda – Sodium Bicarbonate, NaHCO3, used in a • The Sulfuric acid is used as an electrolyte.
cooking recipe • The Traditional battery consists of two metals plates
• Bleaching Powder – Calcium Hypochlorite, CaOCL2, separated by a liquid or gel containing sulfuric acid in
51. Which among the following is NOT an insulator? water.
(a) Mercury (b) Dry Paper • When the battery is in the use, the electrons move from
(c) Glass (d) Ebonite the negatively-charged plate to the positively-charged
• Sol. (a); Mercury is not an insulator. plate.
• Insulators are material that does not conduct electricity. 56. Which of the following is used as a pesticide or fumigant
Eg – Paper, Plastic, Rubber, Glass, Ebonite, Air, for cereals and as an igniting agent in flares?
Styrofoam, etc. (a) Ethanoic acid (b) Magnesium bisulphite
52. What is the dominant chemical present in detergent (c) Aluminium phosphide (d) Hydrogen peroxide
powder? • Sol. (c); Aluminium phosphide is used as a rodenticide,
(a) Hydrochloric acid (b) Sodium carbonate insecticide, and fumigant for stored cereal grains. It is
(c) Calcium carbonate (d) Sodium alkyl sulphate used to kill small verminous mammals such as moles
and rodents.
• Sol. (b); Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), also known as soda
ash is a sodium product primarily used to make • The tablets or pellets, known as "wheat pills", typically
detergents and soaps. also contain other chemicals that evolve ammonia which
helps to reduce the potential for spontaneous ignition or
• Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is an inorganic compound
explosion of the phosphine gas.
found in large natural deposits and mines. Its common
name is washing soda and it is manufactured by 57. Titanium dioxide, which is used as a white pigment in
the Solvay-ammonia proce Detergents are generally products such as toothpaste, is derived from which
ammonium or sulphonate salts of long-chain carboxylic mineral?
acids. They have almost the same properties as soaps but (a) Fluroite (b) Ilmenite
they are more effective in hard water. (c) Silica (d) Mica
• Sol. (b); Production and occurrence. Synthetic TiO2 is (a) Sodium Tartrate (b) Sodium Acetate
mainly produced from the mineral ilmenite. Rutile, and (c) Sodium Nitrite (d) Sodium Chloride
anatase, naturally occurring TiO2, occur widely also, e.g. • Sol. (d); The most abundant salt found in seawater is
rutile as a 'heavy mineral' in beach sand. Sodium Chloride (NaCl).
58. Which of the following artificial colouring agents is used • Sodium Chloride dissolves in water into its ions.
in dietary supplements, sauces, soups and broths,
• Sodium and Chloride together make up around 85% of
bakery, dairy fats and oils, seafood, condiments, breath all dissolved ions in the ocean.
fresheners, desserts, convenience foods and beverages?
(a) Acid fuchsin (b) Orange G 64. Rusting of iron is an example of _______.
(c) Oil red O (d) Quinoline yellow (a) combustion (b) corrosion
• Sol. (d); Quinoline yellow can be used to color (c) evaporation (d) condensation
cosmetics, drugs, and food, including dietary • Sol. (b); Rusting of iron is an example of corrosion.
supplements, sauces, soups and broths, bakery, dairy fats 65. The difference in temperature between two bodies is 30
and oil, seafood, seasonings, breath fresheners, desserts, degree centigrade. What is the difference in degree
and convenient foods, and beverages. Fahrenheit?
59. Which inorganic compound is used to manufacture soap, (a) 72 (b) 54
rayon, paper, explosives, dyes, and petroleum products? (c) 64 (d) 86
(a) NaOCl (b) NaOH • Sol. (b); The formula to convert Celsius temperature into
(c) CaOCl2 (d) NaHCO3 Fahrenheit:- °F = °C×(9/5)+32
• Sol. (b); Sodium hydroxide is used to manufacture • By solving, temperature of 30 degree centigrade is equal
soaps, rayon, paper, explosives, dyestuffs, and petroleum to 54 degree Fahrenheit.
products. It is also used in processing cotton fabric, • Celsius, also called centigrade, scale based on 0˚ for the
laundering and bleaching, metal cleaning and freezing point of water and 100˚ for the boiling point of
processing, oxide coating, electroplating, and electrolytic water.
extracting.
• Fahrenheit temperature scale is based on 32˚ for the
60. In which process is a protective zinc coating applied on freezing point and 212˚ for the boiling point of water, the
iron to prevent it from rusting? interval between the two being divided into 180 equal
(a) Galvanisation (b) Annealing parts.
(c) Smelting (d) Welding
66. 30˚Celcius = ______ Kelvin (approximately)
• Sol. (a); The Galvanization is a process of applying a
(a) 303 (b) –243
protective zinc coating to iron or steal, to prevent rusting.
(c) 130 (d) –30
• Smelting is a form of extractive metallurgy to produce a • Sol. (a); The formula for conversion of Celsius
metal from its ore. temperature into Kelvin:- Kelvin = Celsius + 273
• Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, • Celsius, also called centigrade, scale based on 0˚ for the
usually metals or thermoplastics, by using high heat to freezing point of water and 100˚ for the boiling point of
melt the parts together and allowing them to cool, water.
causing fusion.
• The kelvin (K) is the Standard International (SI) unit of
• Annealing is a heat treatment process that changes the thermodynamic temperature.
physical and sometimes the chemical properties of a
material to increase ductility and reduce the hardness to 67. Which among the following combination is present in
make it more workable. higher amount in hard water?
(a)Sodium and manganese (b)Sodium and magnesium
61. Since the clinical thermometer is designed to measure
(c) Calcium and magnesium (d)Calcium and sodium
the temperature of the human body only, it displays the
• Sol. (c); Water which contains a high concentration
range of 35°C to ______ .
of Calcium (Ca2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+) ions is defined
(a) 46°C (b) 48°C as Hard water.
(c) 44°C (d) 42°C
• Sol. (d); Clinical thermometers have a temperature range • Water which contains a less concentration of Calcium
of 35 to 42 degrees Celsius. (Ca2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+) ions is defined
as Soft water.
• It is a long, narrow glass tube with a mercury bulb at the
end. • The hardness of water can be removed by the following
methods:
• The normal human body temperature is 37 degrees
Celsius, but it can vary between 35 and 42 degrees Ion-exchange resin method
Celsius. • Lime softening
62. Which of the following is the SI unit of thermodynamic • Chelating agents
temperature? • Washing Soda Method
(a) Radian (b) Celsius Reverse osmosis.
(c) Kelvin (d) Fahrenheit • Permanent hardness is caused by dissolved calcium
• Sol. (c); The kelvin is the SI unit of thermodynamics sulfate. Unlike temporary hardness, it is not removed by
temperature, and one of the seven SI base units. boiling the water.
• In most parts of the world, Celsius or Fahrenheit scale is • Calcium sulfate is an inorganic compound with the
used for measuring temperature. formula CaSO4. It is an odorless, white powder or
63. What is the chemical name of the salt found abundantly colorless, crystalline solid.
in seawater?
68. Which of the following substances is used as a substitute (a) phosphorus (b) oxygen
for chlorine in bleaching? (c) carbon dioxide (d) nitrogen
(a) Ethanal (b) Liquid carbon dioxide • Sol. (c) carbon dioxide
(c) Hydrogen peroxide (d) Tetra chloroethene Fermentation is the process that is carried out by the
• Sol. (c); The substance which used as a substitute for the microorganisms which leads to the production of lactic
chlorine in bleaching is Hydrogen Peroxide. acid with release of carbon dioxide.
• It is a great replacement for bleach because the goal to 73. _________ is a broad term that includes all chemical
destroy hydrogen sulfide or other order bacteria or to reactions that occur in the body.
oxidize iron or tannins. (a) Respiration (b) Metabolism
• Unlike chlorine bleach (which is also called sodium (c) Excretion (d) Reproduction
hypochlorite) it does not add sodium or other trace • Sol: B
contaminants to the water.
A broader term that can be used to describe all the
• Peroxide breaks down into oxygen and water and leaves biochemical reactions that are constantly taking place
the water smelling good and looking great. inside the body is metabolism.
• Combined with a catalytic backwash carbon filter, the 74. Which of the following is not a natural fibre?
water is left free of odor, sediment, iron, manganese, and (a) Cotton (b) Linen
any trace residues or peroxide residuals. (c) Rayon (d) Jute
69. Which mineral is also known as 'fool's gold'? • Sol (c): Rayon
(a) Magnetite (b) Pyrite • Rayon fibre is synthesized by the treatment of wood pulp
(c) Quartz (d) Fluorite or cotton in a chemical called sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
• Sol. (b); Pyrite mineral is also known as 'fool's gold'.
• Hence, it is a semi-synthetic fibre, though it is obtained
• It is called so because of its gold colour, high specific from a natural source.
gravity, and metallic lustre that it is most commonly
75. Which of the following is used in photography?
mistaken for gold.
(a) Sodium bicarbonate (b) Sodium sulphate
• Chemical formula for FeS2. (c) Sodium hydroxide (d) Sodium thiosulphate
• It is a common sulfide mineral. • Sol(d); Sodium Thiosulphate is used in photography.
70. Which of the following gases turn lime water milky? This is a compound of inorganic composition Na2S2O3.
(a)Nitrogen (b)Carbon Dioxide • This is also used in gold mining, water treatment,
(c)Oxygen (d)Hydrogen medicine.
• Sol. (b); Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas turns lime water into 76. What is the chemical formula of vinegar?
milky. (a) (COOH)2 (b) C6H5COOH
• Carbondioxide (CO2) turns lime water milky, due to the (c) CH3COOH (d) HCOOH
formation of CaCO3 (calcium carbonate). • Sol (c); CH3COOH: Acetic acid is also known as ethanoic
• The chemical reaction is as follows: acid, ethylic acid, vinegar acid, and methane carboxylic
acid; it has the chemical formula of CH3COOH.
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ⇒ CaCO3 + H2O.
• Lime Water is formed when Calcium Oxide (CaO) is • Acetic acid is a byproduct of fermentation, and gives
mixed with water it forms lime water or Calcium vinegar its characteristic odour.
Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).
Important Alloys
71. Which gas, in its solid state, is known as dry ice?
(a) Hydrogen (b) Oxygen Alloy Combinations
(c) Carbon-dioxide (d) Nitrogen Solder Lead and Tin
• Sol. (c); "The frozen state of Carbon dioxide (CO2) called Brass Copper and zinc
dry ice. Stainless steel Iron, Chromium and Nickel
• The dry ice does not melt into a liquid when heated but it Bronze Copper and Tin
changes directly into a gas. Invar Iron and Nickel
• Dry ice used in hospitals and clinics, food processing Constantan Copper and Nickel
units, industrial cleaning, theatrical and special effects Gun metal Copper, tin and zinc
etc." Sterling silver Silver and copper
72. When the bread rises and bakes, ______creates thousands German silver Copper, zinc and Nickel
of bubbles in the dough.
List of Diseases Caused by Bacteria,

Virus, Fungi, and Protozoa
• Human rabies is a 100% vaccine-preventable disease.
DISEASE CAUSED BY VIRUSES
2. Poor sanitation conditions may NOT be the likely reason
• Chicken pox :It is caused by Varicella-zoster virus. behind which of the following diseases/conditions?
• Small Pox : It is caused by Variola virus. (a) Typhoid (b) Arthritis
• Common Cold : It is caused by Rhinovirus. (c) Polio (d) Cholera
• AIDS (Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome) :It is caused • Sol. (b); Arthritis is the swelling and tenderness of one or
by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). more joints. The main symptoms of arthritis are joint
• Measles :It is caused by Measles virus. pain and stiffness, which typically worsen with age. The
• Mumps :It is caused by Mumps virus. most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and
• Rabies : It is caused by Rabies virus (Rhabdoviridae family). rheumatoid arthritis.
• Dengue fever :It is caused by Dengue virus • Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection that can spread
• Influenza: It is caused by H1N1 virus throughout the body, affecting many organs. Without
DISEASE CAUSED BY BACTERIA prompt treatment, it can cause serious complications and
can be fatal. It is caused by a bacterium called Salmonella
• Whooping Cough: It is caused by a bacterium called typhi, which is related to the bacteria that cause food
Bordetella pertussis. poisoning.
• Diphtheria: It is caused by Coryne bacterium diphtheriae. • Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a disabling and life-threatening
• Cholera: It is caused by Vibrio cholerae. disease caused by the poliovirus. The virus spreads from
• Leprosy : It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. person to person and can infect a person's spinal cord,
• Pneumonia: It is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. causing paralysis (can't move parts of the body).
• Tetanus : It is caused by Clostridium tetani.
• Typhoid : It is caused by Salmonella typhi. • Cholera is a bacterial disease usually spread through
• Tuberculosis : It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. contaminated water. Cholera causes severe diarrhea and
• Plague : It is caused by Yersinia pestis dehydration.
3. Which of the following is a disease caused by drinking
DISEASE CAUSED BY PROTOZOAN contaminated water?
(a) Anaemia (b) Cholera
• Malaria: It is spread by Anopheles mosquitoes. The
(c) Rickets (d) Scurvy
Plasmodium parasite that causes malaria Amoebic
dysentery: It is caused by Entamoebahistolytica. • Sol. (b); Contaminated water and poor sanitation are
• Sleeping sickness: It is caused by Trypanosomabrucei. linked to transmission of diseases such as cholera,
• Kala-azar: It is caused by Leishmaniadonovani diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid and polio.
• The most common causes of anaemia include nutritional
DISEASE CAUSED BY FUNGI deficiencies, particularly iron deficiency, though
• Ringworm: Three different genera of fungi namely deficiencies in folate, vitamins B12 and A are also
Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton cause important causes; haemoglobinopathies; and infectious
ringworm. diseases, such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV and parasitic
infections.
DISEASE CAUSED BY WORMS • A lack of vitamin D or calcium is the most common cause
• Tapeworm : They are intestinal parasites. It cannot live on its of rickets.
own. It survives within the intestine of an animal including • Scurvy is caused by not having enough vitamin C in
human. your diet for at least 3 months. Vitamin C is mainly
• Filariasis : It is caused by thread. found in fruit and vegetables.
• Pinworm : It is caused by small, thin, white roundworm 4. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine for ______.
called Enterobius vermicularis. (a) tuberculosis (TB) (b) typhoid
(c) mumps (d) plague
1. Which of the following diseases CANNOT be prevented • Sol. (a);BCG vaccine provides immunity or protection
by vaccination? against tuberculosis (TB). The vaccine may be given to
(a) Rabies (b) Typhoid persons at high risk of developing TB. It is also used to
(c) Beri beri (d) Measles treat bladder tumors or bladder cancer.
• Sol (c); Since, Beri beri is a vitamin caused disease, it
5. ______ is a disorder resulting in abnormal electrical
cannot be prevented by vaccination. Rest of the diseases discharges from the brain cells causing seizures.
are pathogen-caused, therefore, can be prevented. (a) Epilepsy (b) Rheumatoid arthritis
• Measles can be prevented with MMR vaccine. The (c) Prostatitis (d) Hypoglycaemia
vaccine protects against three diseases: measles, mumps, • Sol (a); Epilepsy is a chronic noncommunicable disease of
and rubella. the brain that affects around 50 million people
• Typhoid – two vaccines to prevent typhoid fever. One is worldwide.
an inactivated (killed) vaccine and the other is a live, • Seizure episodes are a result of excessive electrical
attenuated (weakened) vaccine. discharges in a group of brain cells. Different parts of the
brain can be the sites of such discharges. Seizures can hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates, caused
vary from the briefest lapses of attention or muscle jerks by ebolaviruses. The first symptoms are
to severe and prolonged convulsions. usually fever, sore throat, muscle pain,
• There is no cure for Epilepsy (can be managed with and headaches. These are usually followed
medications). by vomiting, diarrhoea, rash and
decreased liver and kidney function.
6. In the context of the spread of germs by faecal matter,
which of the following does NOT figure in the F- • Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired
Diagram? immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum
(a) Fungi (b) Fingers of conditions caused by infection with the human
(c) Flies (d) Fluids immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus.
• Sol (a); Fungi 10. The liver is affected; and skin and eyes turn yellow due
to the deposit of bile pigments. Which of the following
digestive disorders is described here?
(a) Jaundice (b) Vomiting
(c) Constipation (d) Diarrhoea
• Sol (a); Jaundice is a condition in which a yellowish tinge
appears on the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites
of the eye.
• Vomiting (also known as emesis and throwing up) is the
involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of
one's stomach through the mouth.
• Diarrhea, is the condition of having at least three loose,
liquid, or watery bowel movements.
• Constipation is a bowel dysfunction that makes bowel
movements infrequent or hard to pass.
7. Which of the following diseases is caused by a parasite?
(a) Pneumonia (b) Plague 11. Who among the following developed the Polio vaccine?
(c) Malaria (d) Goitre (a) FG Hopkins (b) Edward Jenner
• Sol (c); Pneumonia is cause by Virus, Bacteria and fungi. (c) Jonas Salk (d) Robert Koch
• Sol (c); Jonas Salk developed the Polio vaccine
• Plague is caused by Bacteria.
• Poliomyelitis, commonly shortened to polio, is
• Malaria is caused by Parasite.
an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Polio
• Goitre is caused by deficiency of Iodine. occurs naturally only in humans.
8. Kala-azar disease is caused by ______. • It is highly infectious, and is spread from person to
(a) fungi (b) viruses person either through fecal-oral transmission (e.g., poor
(c) Protozoa (d) bacteria hygiene, or by ingestion of food or water contaminated
• Sol (c); Kala azar is caused by protozoa named genus by human feces).
Leishmania.
12. Which of the following diseases is caused by bacteria?
Microbes Communicable diseases (a) Rubella (b) Zika fever
Fungi Skin infections (c) Polio (d) Diphtheria
• Sol. (d);iphtheria is caused by bacteria.
Protozoa Kala azar, malaria
Bacteria Tetanus, cholera, anthrax, typhoid fever • Diphtheria is an infection caused by
the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Virus Polio, zika virus, dengue, influenza
• Malaria, Amoebic dysentery, Toxoplasmosis are some 13. Deficiency of which of the following vitamins causes
other diseases caused by protozoa. Night Blindness?
(a) Vitamin B (b) Vitamin C
• Small Pox, AIDS and Rabies are diseases caused by
(c) Vitamin D (d) Vitamin A
viruses.
• Sol. (d);Night blindness is the inability to see well at
9. Which of the following is NOT a disease caused by a night or in poor lighting conditions.
virus?
• Night blindness is also called nyctalopia.
(a) Ebola (b) AIDS
(c) Plague (d) Zika • Night blindness is often caused by Vitamin A deficiency.
• Sol (c); Plague is an infectious disease caused by • Night blindness is also caused by nearsightedness or
the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Symptoms include fever, cataracts.
weakness and headache.
• Foods that provide Vitamin A are carrots, sweet
• Zika fever, also known as Zika virus disease or potatoes, eggs, milk, milk products, etc.
simply Zika, is an infectious disease caused by the Zika
virus. Symptoms may include fever, red eyes, joint pain,
headache, and a maculopapular rash.
• Ebola, also known as Ebola virus disease (EVD)
and Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is a viral
Vitamin Deficiency Disease Caused ● Pernicious anemia is a very rare and fatal disease.
Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia that lacks the
Vitamin B1 Beri-Beri
Intrinsic factor (IF).
Vitamin B2 Retarded growth, skin related ● Deficiency of Vitamins can cause several diseases like
problems scurvy, night blindness, anemia, etc.
Vitamin B12 Anaemia, muscle and nerve- ● Additional Information:
related problems
● The chemical name of Vitamin B12 is CyanoCobalamin.
Vitamin C Scurvy ● It is used for the production of RBC as we know that
Vitamin D Rickets RBC contains Hemoglobin which contains Iron and
hence the deficiency also results in Anemia.
Vitamin K Inability of Blood-Clotting
● It is mostly found in non-vegetarian food like red meat
14. Which of the following can be diagnosed with the Widal hence it is known as Nonvegetarian Vitamin.
test? ● It also works along with Vitamin B9 and is quite useful
(a) Cancer (b) AIDS for pregnant ladies.
(c) Typhoid fever (d) Tuberculosis
● Vitamin K -> is responsible for blood coagulation.
• Sol (c); Typhoid fever can be diagnosed with the Widal
Without vitamin K, blood coagulation is seriously
test.
impaired, and uncontrolled bleeding occurs.
• Widal test is named after Georges-Fernand Widal ● Vitamin B6 -> forms part of the coenzyme for amino
(inventor). acid synthesis and glycogen synthesis. It helps in nerve
• The test detects agglutinating antibodies against the O function and RBC formation. Its deficiency causes skin
and H antigens of Salmonella typhi Bacteria. lesions, disturbance of CNS, and anemia.
• To diagnose Tuberculosis, a blood test is sufficient to find ● Vitamin E -> is also known as Tocopherol its deficiency
the bacteria. can result in less fertility. Vegetable oil, sprouted wheat,
Leafy vegetables, Milk, Butter, etc. are the major sources
• AIDS can be diagnosed by ELISA-Enzyme-Linked of Vitamin- E.
Immunosorbent Assay.
17. Xerophthalmia is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin
• The study of Cancer is Oncology. __.
• Typhoid is an acute, bacterial infection caused by (a) C (b) K
Bacterium Salmonella typhimurium. (c) D (d) A
15. Which of the following diseases is NOT transmitted ● Sol (d); Xerophthalmia is caused due to the deficiency of
from one person to another? vitamin A.
(a) Cirrhosis (b) AIDS ● Xerophthalmia is a condition of early vitamin A
(c) Hepatitis B (d) Syphilis deficiency in which cornea keratinises, becomes opaque
• Sol (a); Cirrhosis is NOT transmitted from one person to and forms dry, scaly layers of cells.
another. ● The affected cornea is susceptible to infection.
• It is a condition in which the liver of our body cannot ● Xerophthalmia can progress to irreversible blindness if
function properly, possibly because of long-term left untreated.
damage. ● Even today, Xerophthalmia is a major problem in
• The normal tissue is replaced by scar tissue in such developing countries and is a leading cause of
conditions. preventable blindness.
● In the eye, vitamin A is metabolized to form rhodopsin
• However, it can have various reasons but alcohol
(retinal visual pigment).
consumption remains the second most common cause of
liver cirrhosis after the hepatitis C virus. ● The action of light on rhodopsin is the initial step in the
visual process.
• Hepatitis B-It is also a liver infection which is caused by
18. Wilson's disease is an inherited disorder in which
the hepatitis B virus that is easily preventable by a
excessive amounts of _______ accumulate in the body.
vaccine, unlike Cirrhosis. It is spread by exposure to
(a) copper (b) calcium
infected bodily fluids.
(c) iron (d) sodium
• Syphilis-It is a bacterial infection usually spread by • Sol (a); Wilson's disease is a rare inherited disorder that
sexual contact. causes copper to accumulate in your liver, brain and
• AIDS-It interferes with the body's ability to fight against other vital organs.
infections or in other words affect immunity. The virus • Most people with Wilson's disease are diagnosed
can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, between the ages of 5 and 35, but it can affect younger
semen or vaginal fluids. and older people, as well.
16. Pernicious anaemia is caused by the deficiency of 19. In which medical condition is the eye's optic nerve
vitamin? damaged and the condition worsens over time?
(a) B2 (b) B6 (a) Cataract (b) Dry Eye
(c) B1 (d) B12 (c) Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
● Sol (d); A medical condition in which there is a shortage (d) Sol (d); Glaucoma
of healthy RBCs in the body is called Pernicious anemia. • Glaucoma is the medical term given when a person's
It is caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin B12.
optic nerve is damaged and worsens over time.
• Most common symptom of the condition is slow loss of • It helps a person lose weight by changing how small
vision. intestine and stomach handle the food one eats.
20. Night Blindness is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin . 25. Rickets is a disease associated with the deficiency of ------
(a) K (b) A -
(c) C (d) B12 (a) Vitamin A (b) Vitamin C
• Sol. (b); Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of (c) Vitamin B (d) Vitamin D
Vitamin-A. • Sol (d); Following is a list of major deficiency diseases
that occur due to lack of essential minerals and vitamins:
• The retina of the eye requires vitamin -A, which is used
in the form of retinal, which combines with protein opsin
to form rhodopsin, the light-absorbing molecule Types of Vitamins Deficiency Diseases
necessary for both low-light and color vision. A (Retinol) Night blindness
21. Who discovered the ﬁrst vaccine for smallpox? B1 (Thiamine) Beri-beri
(a) Louis Pasteur (b) Edward Jenner B2 (Riboflavin) Retarded growth, bad skin
(c) Alexander Fleming (d) John Hunter B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Anaemia
• Sol. (b); Edward Jenner was a scientist and physician C (Ascorbic acid) Scurvy
who is credited for developing the world’s first vaccine, D (Calciferol) Rickets
the smallpox vaccine in 1796. K (Phylloquinone) Excessive bleeding due to Enjury
• John Hunter is remembered as father of ‘scientific 26. Which of the following is a communicable disease?
surgery’. (a) Measles (b) Scurvy
• Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin in 1928. (c) Asthma (d) Diabetes
• Louis Pasteur showed that food spoils because of • Sol (a); Communicable diseases are the ones that can
microorganisms and invented pasteurization. He also spread from the infected person to a healthy person.
discovered Rabies vaccine. • Measles is caused by a virus which is rubella virus. It is
22. Which scientist discovered the 'Penicillin'? characterized by fever, inflammation of nasal mucous
(a) Louis Pasteur (b) Alexander Fleming membrane, red watery eyes sensitive to light, flushed
(c) Robert Koch (d) Ernst Chain face followed by a typical rash. The incubation period is
• Sol. (b); The ‘Penicillin’ is discovered by Alexander about 10 days.
Fleming. • It is a communicable disease and can transfer from one
• He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in individual to another.
1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. • Other diseases are not communicable and do not spread.
• Penicillin is a group of antibacterial drugs that attack a 27. Identify the disease that is caused due to inadequate
wide range of bacteria. secretion of the hormone insulin from the pancreas?
23. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Wilson's (a) Tuberculosis (b) Diabetes mellitus
disease? (c) Blood cancer (d) Gall stones
(a) Problems with speech, swallowing or physical • Sol. (b); Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic
coordination diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from
(b) Uncontrolled movements or muscle stiffness defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
(c) Fluid build-up in the legs or abdomen 28. Which disease refers to the inflammation of the liver
(d) Night blindness caused by a variety of infectious viruses and non-
• Sol (d); Night blindness is caused by deficiency of infectious agents leading to a variety of health problems?
vitamin A. (a) Tuberculosis (b) Pneumonia
(c) Hepatitis (d) Diabetes
• Wilson’s disease is an inherited disorder in which
excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the body, • Sol (c); Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that is
particularly in the liver, brain, and eyes. caused by a variety of infectious viruses and
noninfectious agents leading to a range of health
• The signs and symptoms of Wilson disease include: problems, some of which can be fatal.
• Problems with speech, swallowing or physical 29. Malaria is a deadly disease caused by parasites that are
coordination transmitted to people through the bite of ________.
• Uncontrolled movements or muscle stiffness (a) Anopheles mosquito (b) Culex mosquito
(c) Aedes mosquito (d) fleas
• Fluid build-up in the legs or abdomen
• Sol (a); Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by
• Fatigue, lack of appetite parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites
• Yellowing of skin of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
24. Bariatric surgery makes changes to a person’s __________. • It is preventable and curable. In 2020, there were an
(a) Heart (b) Lungs estimated 241 million cases of malaria worldwide.
(c) Nasal passage (d) Digestive system 30. What disease in adults means ‘soft bones’ that usually
• Sol (d); Bariatric surgery makes changes to a develops due to a deficiency of vitamin D (often from not
person's digestive system. getting enough sunlight), or less often, digestive or
• It is also known as gastric bypass surgery. kidney disease?
(a) Osteopenia (b) Osteomyelitis
(c) Osteomalacia (d) Osteoporosis • Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused
• Sol (c); Osteomalacia is softening of the bones. by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium.
• It most often occurs because of a problem with vitamin • Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a very
D, which helps your body absorb calcium. contagious respiratory illness caused by a type of
• Your body needs calcium to maintain the strength and bacteria called Bordetella pertussis.
hardness of your bones. 37. Enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay is a technique
31. Identify the disease caused by a monkey bite. used in detection of which of the following diseases?
(a) Malaria (b) Typhoid (a) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
(c) Influenza (d) Rabies (b) Kidney cancer (c) Malaria
• Sol (d); Rabies is a significant health concern following (d) Rheumatoid arthritis
dog bites, cat bites and monkey bites. • Sol (a); Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
32. Identify a way that does NOT prevent a non- • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a technique used
communicable disease from occurring in someone. in the detection of Acquired Immuno Deficiency
(a) Blood transfusion (b) Adequate sleep Syndrome (AIDS). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent
(c) Balanced diet (d) Healthy diet assay (ELISA) test is frequently used to identify HIV
• Sol (a); Blood Transfusion does not prevent a non- infection.
communicable disease from occurring in someone. • ELISA test -AIDS (HIV).
33. How is tuberculosis spread in humans? 38. What is another name for the disorder called
(a) Inoculation into skin (b) Droplet infection 'parasomnia'?
(c) Direct touching (d) Contact with soil (a) Sleepwalking (b) Stammering
• Sol. (b); TB bacteria spread through the air from one (c) Sea sickness (d) Night blindness
person to another. • Sol (a); Parasomnia (Sleepwalking) is a sleep disorder
• When a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat that involves unusual and undesirable physical events or
coughs, speaks, or sings, TB bacteria can get into the air. experiences that disrupt your sleep. A parasomnia can
occur before or during sleep or during arousal from
• People nearby may breathe in these bacteria and become sleep.
infected.
• Stammering, also sometimes referred to as stuttering, is a
34. Which is a visible sign of severe iodine deficiency?
relatively common speech problem in childhood, which
(a) Tooth decay (b) Swelling in the neck
can persist into adulthood.
(c) Loss of vision in darkness (d) Bleeding gums
• Sol. (b); Swelling in the neck • Night blindness is poor vision at night or in dim light.
• Symptoms of iodine deficiency and related thyroid 39. What disease is caused by insulin deficiency?
disorders can include: Swelling of thyroid glands in the (a) Scleroderma (b) Multiple Sclerosis
neck, a visible lump (goiter) on your neck, Weight gain, (c) Diabetes mellitus (d) Rheumatoid arthritis
fatigue and weakness. (RA)
• Sol (c); Insulin deficiency can lead to diseases named
35. Which of the following diseases is caused by
Diabetes mellitus.
Helicobacter pyroli?
(a) Chikungunya (b) Rubella • Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases
(c) Ringworm (d) Gastritis characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in
• Sol (d); Gastritis is caused by Helicobacter pyroli. insulin secretion, insulin action or both.
• Helicobacter pylori are bacteria that can cause an • Insulin as a type of Peptide hormone produced by the
infection in the stomach or duodenum (first part of the beta cells of the pancreatic islets.
small intestine). It is the most common cause of peptic • It is responsible to regulate the metabolism of
ulcer disease. carbohydrates, fats and protein.
• Chikungunya virus is primarily transmitted to people 40. Depression is a ______ disorder.
through the bite of an infected mosquito, mainly Aedes (a) somatoform (b) schizophrenic
aegypti and Aedes albopictus. (c) dissociative (d) mood
• Rubella is caused by a virus that is passed from person to • Sol (d); A mood disorder is a mental health condition
person. that primarily that primarily affects one’s emotional
state.
• Ringworm is a common infection of the skin and nails
that is caused by fungus. The infection is called • Two of the most common mood disorders are depression
“ringworm” because it can cause an itchy, red, circular and bipolar disorder.
rash. Ringworm is also called “tinea” or 41. Which causative microorganism is responsible for the
“dermatophytosis.” common cold and influenza (flu)?
36. Leprosy is caused by a bacterium called: (a) Bacteria (b) Protozoa
(a) Mycobacterium leprae (b) Neisseria gonorrhoeae (c) Fungi (d) Viruses
(c) Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Sol (d); The common cold and influenza(flu) is caused by
(d) Hemophilus pertussis Viruses.
• Sol (a); Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called • AIDS, Measles, Chickenpox, Smallpox, Covid-19 are
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. other diseases caused by viruses.
42. Which of the following is a disease caused by protozoa? types of medications are often prescribed for people who
(a) Small Pox (b) AIDS have high blood pressure or heart disease.
(c) Kala azar (d) Rabies 48. Conjunctivitis is an infection primarily related to ______.
• Sol (c); Kala azar is caused by protozoa named genus (a) Knee (b) Heart
Leishmania.
(c) Eye (d) Stomach
• Malaria, Amoebic dysentery, Toxoplasmosis are some • Sol (c); Conjunctivitis is an eye disease that causes pain
other diseases caused by protozoa. and swelling in part of the eye, and that can be passed
• Small Pox, AIDS and Rabies are diseases caused by from one person to another.
viruses. • It is often called pink eye.
43. 'Leukopenia' is an abnormal ______. • It can be caused by a virus, bacteria or by allergies.
(a) increase in white blood cells
• It lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the
(b) decrease in red blood cells
sclera.
(c) increase in red blood cells
(d) decrease in white blood cells 49. Polio is caused by which of the following organisms?
• Sol (d); ‘Leukopenia’ is an abnormal decrease in white (a) Fungi (b) Bacteria
blood cells (WBC). (c) Protozoa (d) Virus
• Sol (d); Polio is a disabling and life-threatening disease
• Less than normal presence of RBC is called anaemia.
caused by the poliovirus.
• More than normal presence of WBC is called
• The virus spreads from person to person and can infect a
leutocytosis.
person’s cord, causing paralysis (can’t move parts of the
44. Deficiency of thiamine results in ______. body).
(a) Rickets (b) Pellagra
• Jonas Salk discovered and developed the first polio
(c) Scurvy (d) Beriberi
vaccine.
• Sol (d); Beriberi
• The first polio vaccine was the inactivated polio vaccine
• Deficiency of thiamine results in Beriberi.
which came into use in 1955.
• Thiamine, or vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin
50. Tumors that normally remain confined to their original
found naturally in some foods, added to foods, and sold
location and do not spread to other parts of the body and
as a supplement. cause little damage are called ______ tumors.
• Thiamine plays a vital role in the growth and function of (a) premalignant (b) benign
various cells. (c) active (d) malignant
45. Which of the following eye disorders is known as ‘lazy • Sol. (b); A benign tumour, such as a common skin wart,
eye’? remains confined to its original location, neither invading
(a) Hypermetropia (b) Myopia surrounding normal tissue nor spreading to distant body
(c) Presbyopia (d) Amblyopia sites.
• Sol (d); Amblyopia is eye disorders also known as ‘lazy • Compared to malignant tumours, benign tumors
eye’. generally have a slower growth rate.
• It is a type of poor vision that usually happens in just 1 • Common examples of benign tumours include moles and
eye but less commonly in both eyes. uterine fibroids.
• It develops when there’s breakdown in how the brain 51. Organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans,
and the eye work together, and the brain can’t recognize helminths, etc., that cause diseases in humans are called
the sight from 1 eye. ______.
46. National Viral Hepatitis Control Program (NVHCP) aims (a) frugivores (b) predators
to achieve country wide elimination of Hepatitis C by (c) pathogens (d) antigens
______. • Sol (c); A pathogen is defined as an organism causing
(a) 2025 (b) 2028 diseases to its host, with the severity of the disease
(c) 2030 (d) 2022 symptoms referred to as virulence.
• Sol (c); NVHCP aims to combat hepatitis and achieve • Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, helminths etc. are
country wide elimination of hepatitis C by 2030, achieve examples of pathogens.
significant reduction in the infected population, • They are infectious agents.
morbidity and mortality associated with Hepatitis B and
• Most pathogens can avoid the immune response of the
c viz. cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (liver
host, triggering associated illness.
cancer).
52. Leukaemia is a cancer of the:
47. Hypokalaemia is caused by the deficiency of ________.
(a) skin (b) blood
(a) Iodine (b) Potassium
(c) lungs (d) uterus
(c) Iron (d) Calcium
• Sol. (b); Leukemia is cancer of the body’s blood-forming
• Sol. (b); Potassium tissues, including the bone marrow and the lymphatic
• Low potassium (hypokalemia) has many causes. The system.
most common cause is excessive potassium loss in urine • It is caused by a rise in the number of white blood cells in
due to prescription of medications that increase your body.
urination. Also known as water pills or diuretics, these
• Those white blood cells crowd out the red blood cells • It can be either acute or chronic.
and platelets that your body needs to be healthy. 58. The name of which disease among the following mean
53. When a host is exposed to antigens, which may be in the ’evil influence of the stars’?
form of living or dead microbes or other proteins, (a)plague (b)influenza
antibodies are produced in the host body. This type of (c)Typhoid (d)cholera
immunity is called ______ immunity. • Sol. (b); Influenza disease name means 'evil influence of
(a) active (b) passive the stars'
(c) strong (d) acquired
• It is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus.
• Sol (a); When a host is exposed to antigens (maybe in the
form of living or dear dead microbes or other proteins), • Disease caused by Protozoa - Diarrhoea, Malaria,
antibodies are produced in the host body. This type of and Kala-ajar
immunity is called active immunity. • Disease caused by Bacteria - Tuberculosis, Cholera,
• Active immunity is slow and maybe natural and Plague, Pneumonia, and Typhoid
artificial. • Disease caused by Virus - Polio, AIDS, Influenza,
54. Whose invention led to the development of polio Dengue, Chickenpox, Smallpox, Rabies, Measles and
vaccine? Jaundice
(a) Ernest Haeckel (b) Jonas Salk 59. Which one of the following diseases is caused mainly by
(c) Linus Pauling (d) Robert Wellberg the deficiency of vitamin C?
• Sol. (b); The invention of Jonas Salk and Albert Bruce (a)Kwashiorkor (b)Goitre
Sabin led to the development of the polio vaccine. (c)Scurvy (d)Rickets
Scientist Invention/Discovery • Sol (c); Scurvy
Linus Pauling Founder of quantum chemistry 60. ______is an inherited blood disorder due to which people
Robert Wellberg Gene of cancer suffering from this condition are unable to make
Ernst Haeckel Coined terms such as phylum, haemoglobin.
ecology, etc. (a)Thrombosis (b) Thalassemia
Jonas Salk and Polio vaccine (c)Bone Marrow Failure (d)Stroke
Albert Bruce Sabin • Sol. (b); Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder due
to which people suffering from this condition are unable
55. A wound stops bleeding due to the process of clot to make haemoglobin, which involves lower than normal
formation called: amounts of an oxygen-carrying protein.
(a) transfusion (b) coagulation
(c) incubation (d) fermentation 61. Diabetes is a condition in which the level of ______ in an
individual’s blood becomes too high.
• Sol. (b); The process of clot formation is known
(a) sucrose (b) glucose
as coagulation.
(c) maltose (d) galactose
• The process of coagulation is known as Hemostasis. • Sol. (b); Diabetes is a condition when the blood sugar
• Hemostasis involves three steps that are avascular level is very high.
spasm, the formation of a platelet plug, and coagulation. • Hypoglycemia is a condition when the sugar level is very
• Platelets and proteins present in plasma helps in low
coagulation. • Name Chemical formula
• Vitamin K helps in blood clotting. • Sucrose C12H22O11
• The process of transferring blood is called a Blood • Glucose C6H12O6
transfusion.
• Galactose C6H12O6
56. Which of the following diseases has been eradicated
worldwide? • Maltose C12H22O11
(a) Dracunculiasis (b) Chickenpox 62. Excessive amount of ________ in the body causes gout.
(c) Plague (d) Smallpox (a)Lactic Acid (b) Acetic acid
• Sol (d); Smallpox is a deadly and highly contagious viral (c) Nitric acid (d) Uric acid
disease. It is estimated to have infected about 300 million • Sol (d); Excessive amount of Uric acid in the body causes
people in the 20th century. gout.
• The last known case of smallpox was recorded in • Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis.
Ethiopia in 1977. In 1980, it was declared to be • Gout is a painful condition resulting from needle-like
completely eradicated. crystals of uric acid precipitating in joints, capillaries,
57. There is NO vaccine for which of the following hepatitis skin, and other tissues.
viruses? • Consumption of some types of purine-rich foods,
(a) Hepatitis A (b) Hepatitis D particularly meat and seafood, increases gout risk.
(c) Hepatitis B (d) Hepatitis C
63. ______ is a commonly used medicine that can help treat
• Sol (d); Hepatitis C is the disease that causes the
pain and reduce a high body temperature.
inflammation and infection of the liver.
(a) Bismuth (b) Dextromethorphan
• This condition develops after the infection of the (c) Paracetamol (d) Guaifenesin
Hepatitis C virus. • Sol (c); Paracetamol
• Paracetamol is used to treat pain and to reduce high your mouth before washing your hands. eating seafood
body temperature. from contaminated water sources.
64. The process of blood clotting is called ______. 69. Which of the following diseases is caused by the
(a) haemophilia (b) homophobia deficiency of Vitamin A?
(c) coagulation (d) thrombocytopenia (a) Kwashiorkor (b) Scurvy
• Sol (c); Coagulation is also known as clotting. It is the (c) Marasmus (d) Night blindness
process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, • Sol (d); Night blindness
forming a blood clot. • Night blindness: One of the earliest indicators of vitamin
• Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which you have a A insufficiency is night blindness. Vitamin A deficiency
low blood platelet count. Platelets are colorless blood leads to blindness in its more severe forms by making the
cornea excessively dry, causing damage to the retina and
cells that help to form the blood clot.
cornea.
• Haemophilia is an inherited genetic disorder that
• Kwashiorkor: Malnutrition produced by a severely
impairs/damages the body's ability to make blood clots,
inadequate amount of protein in the diet. Delayed
a process needed to stop bleeding. growth in children, a swollen stomach and frequent
• Homophobia is the fear, hatred for people who are infections are symptoms.
lesbian, gay, or bisexual. • Scurvy: A condition caused by a severe lack of vitamin C
65. ______ is a disease which is transmitted by the Aedes in the diet. Bruising, bleeding gums, weakness, fatigue
mosquito which lays eggs in water-logged places and and rash are among scurvy symptoms.
multiply over time. • Marasmus: Marasmus is a deficiency of all
(a) Diarrhoea (b) Malaria macronutrients: carbohydrates, fats, and protein. The
(c) Dengue (d) Elephantiasis primary symptom of marasmus is an acute loss of body
• Sol (c); Dengue fat and muscle tissues, leading to an unusually low body
• Dengue: Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans by mass index (BMI).
the bites of infected Aedes species mosquitoes (Aedes 70. Rama is suffering from chickenpox. What type of disease
aegypti). is it?
• Diarrhea: commonly, Rotavirus and Escherichia coli (a) Hereditary disease (b) Viral disease
• Malaria: Female Anopheles mosquito (c) Fungal disease (d) Bacterial disease
• Sol (b); Viral disease
• Elephantiasis: Wuchereria bancrofti
• Chickenpox is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster
66. Cobalt therapy is the medical use of ____________ rays virus.
from the radioisotope cobalt60 to treat conditions such as
cancer. • It causes an itchy rash with small, fluid-filled blisters.
(a) Ultraviolet (b) gamma 71. Athlete's foot is a disease caused by _________.
(c) alpha (d) beta (a) genetic disorder (b) fungi
• Sol (b); Gamma (c) bacteria (d) virus
• Cobalt therapy is the medical use of gamma rays from the • Sol (b); fungi
radioisotope cobalt-60 to treat conditions such as cancer. • Athlete's foot is caused by the same type of fungi
67. A renowned scientist observed that the presence of green (dermatophytes) that cause ringworm and jock itch.
mould prevented the growth of bacteria. Who is the • Damp socks and shoes and warm, humid conditions
scientist and which discovery did this observation lead favour the organisms' growth.
to? 72. Beriberi is caused due to the deficiency of ______.
(a) Alexander Fleming, Chicken Pox vaccine (a) vitamin C (b) vitamin A
(b) Edward Jenner, Chicken Pox vaccine (c) vitamin D (d) vitamin B
(c) Edward Jenner, Penicillin • Sol (d); Vitamin B
(d) Alexander Fleming, Penicillin
• Beriberi is a nutritional disorder caused by the deficiency
• Sol (d); Alexander Fleming, Penicillin of vitamin B1. Vitamin B1 is also called thiamine. Beriberi
• Fleming was working on a culture of disease-causing is characterised by weak muscles and very little energy to
bacteria in 1929. On one of his culture plates, he work.
discovered the spores of a small green mould. Penicillin 73. Which of the following is NOT a cause of food and water
was generated using this mould. contamination?
68. Typhoid fever is caused by ______. (a) Chemical runoff from factories
(a) fungi (b) protozoa (b) Incorrect food storage
(c) viruses (d) bacteria (c) Infectious organisms in the atmosphere
• Sol (d); Bacteria (d) Bites by stray animals
• It's caused by a bacterium called Salmonella typhi. • Sol (d); Bites by stray animals
• People who drink contaminated water or eat food 74. The disease scrub typhus is caused by a type of ______.
washed in contaminated water can develop typhoid (a) alga (b) fungus
fever. (c) virus (d) bacterium
• Other ways typhoid fever can be contracted include: • Sol (d); Scrub typhus, also known as bush typhus, is a
using a toilet contaminated with bacteria and touching disease caused by a bacteria called Orientia
tsutsugamushi. Scrub typhus is spread to people through
bites of infected chiggers (larval mites). The most
common symptoms of scrub typhus include fever,
headache, body aches, and sometimes rash.
75. Protozoans are causative agents of ______.
(a) malaria (b) polio
(c) typhoid (d) tuberculosis
• Sol (a); Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the
Plasmodium genus.
76. In 1912, who proposed the ‘vitamin hypothesis’, the
concept that the deficiency diseases of beriberi, scurvy,
pellagra and rickets are caused by the absence of specific
chemical substances (in trace amounts) in the diet? (a) i-c, ii-b, iii-d, iv-a (b) i-b, ii-c, iii-a, iv-d
(a) Albert Sabin (b) Jonas Salk (c) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a (d) i-b, ii-a, iii-c, iv-d
(c) David Baltimore (d) Casimir Funk • Sol (c); i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a
• Sol (d); Casimir Funk • Kwashiorkor: It is most commonly seen in children
• The "vitamin" hypothesis of Casimir Funk postulated the whose diets are low in protein and calories
existence of a number of unidentified dietary essentials, • Weak bones and muscles: A diet low in calcium
each of which acts as a protective substance to the contributes to diminished bone density, early bone loss
organism. and an increased risk of fractures.
• Accordingly, the lack of one or another of these was • Anaemia: Anaemia is a condition in which you lack
believed to lead to the development of a specific enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen
syndrome; in one case it was beriberi, in another scurvy, to your body's tissues.
in another pellagra.
• Goitre: A goitre commonly develops as a result of iodine
77. Match Column-A with Column-B deficiency or inflammation of the thyroid gland.
List of vitamins and their sources and disease due to deficiency of vitamin
Vitamin (Chemical name) Deficiency Sources
Vitamin A (Retinol) Night blindness and Color blindness Milk, Egg, Cheese, Green vegetable, Cod liver oil,
and Carrot.
Vitamin B1 (Thymine) Beriberi Groundnut, Rapeseed, Dried Chilli, Pulses, Liver,
Egg, and Vegetables.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Ariboflavinosis, Cracking of Skin and tongue Meat, Green vegetables, and Milk.
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Pellagra, Whitening of hair Meat, Milk, Nut, Tomato and Sugarcane.
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) Paraesthesia Meat, Ground Potato, Tomato, Nut and Leafy
vegetable.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Anaemia Liver, Meat and Grains.
Vitamin B7 (Biotin) Paralysis, body pain and hair fall Meat, Egg, Liver and Milk.
Vitamin B11 (Folic acid) Anaemia and dysentery Pulses, Liver and Egg.
Vitamin Megaloblastic anaemia Meat and Milk.
B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) Scurvy and Swelling of Gums Lemon, Orange, Tomato, Sour Substances, Chilly,
Sprouted grain
Vitamin D (calciferol) Rickets & Osteomalacia Fish liver oil, Milk and Eggs.
Vitamin E (Tocopherols) Less Fertility Leafy Vegetables, Milk, Butter, Sprouted wheat
and Vegetable oil.
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone) Non-Clotting of Blood Tomato, Soybean oil and green vegetables.

1EQ - Science - Important Concept & Questions - Eng

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

1EQ - Science - Important Concept & Questions - Eng

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

1EQ - Science - Important Concept & Questions - Eng

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1EQ – SCIENCE – IMPORTANT TOPICS

Common and Chemical Names of Some

List of Diseases Caused by Bacteria,

You might also like