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UNIT-S

Xaa a c - Lex and


WOsds witth
vace Me implest Lex
pyeam, ven"
he
lex, Symbol Tables, aramma, Pasev- lexer communicatin
patg peech lexev, A YACC yet another com pile-Compiler)
PAMeV he
Tules &ectin, Tunni lex and yatc,Lex ana ae
Lex Lex -rerulal Expvessium, Excmples t oegulaiexpvessiN,
A WOAd coulia pievam, Paysinx a Commeud Line
USi Ouat Yacc
ACC-ahmmays ecuxive oules shitt-reduce Pavkin,
Aectuon, e Tule Secuon,
Tue dekiniNo
MOL Payse A yace pavsey- Spla
Compili ad TumnT
bol vadues aud action The LExER avd e ksus
Anbigui,vasiabes
e Aithmetic expvessiuo ae
use
auayzer. I t is
Lex is a
pogram t h a l enemles
lexicaQ

with Acc paevaemevalo


tha hraulfosms on înpul
.The leeice analy zev t a pvoram
R
Srea nto Åequeuee tokeu
. I treads the inpu strea and pYoduces ttue ouvce code a4

outpul throush {mplemerting the lexical aualyzev iu the C pverram

Lex tuetns
Rrst eoial amaler cveates a pvervam lex. e
Lexo lajuaqe uew lex cenpiler suns the Lex. pvorarm aud
vedue e & c
peram lec a .
Fally C eonpilev suus the
& C pranm mo pdluces
a
ebjeet Pam a.ou
out i lecicaL anazer that trautfoomi am iupul &taom

intoa 8eaueuce okeus.


Lee Aoure Lex |Lex Alua-tixod
PTia leyo, CornpilerTool
Le 8 c Compilev a.out

Lource 1aa pu
coe &tfrec
LexlaQ Avalyzev &equehce /Sream ef
Tokeus Tekeus
Le ilefomat | truetuve f Les fle
A lex pveqvomm ealecd iwo three. Aections hy oo0l

delimilev. Me foYmat of lex douvce Code i8 altouUoDS

0deartions oR Declasatin
Cectir
Sectim
% delimila
Rules Tvas latin mules
)o o

Auciiay functims
eg +iuclude 4stdlo.h> )
include <tonio.uy Defuiti on oAL
Decaiim
int a-
Sectisn

Pelimile

Pattetn Activn >Tivauslation ules


/ o Delimi
wainc )
Aueiuary tuueün
Seetin

Explauatm DLeble forma


Defimtion Aetivn of Teclatatiun dectirn nclude declataton
cewstant, heactor tles, natiables ete.
Rules "vauslaiuv rules cdefine the átafemeut fom Pi {Acimi
PActiou7-3 -P Actisnn).
oheve pi detonbea the
rulat erpre sjo) oY patfev and Action
chesenbes the
acuunt. uClmenus
hould take dken pattew oha action the lexdcal
ledeal owayzev
pi uatchel a lexceme wzev
Auilay tuucttm Aecti wlay Coulalw nmatn
uleveleheeuuctiousalso. guuctn or other
T h e Simplest Lee p a m

Ruules
cubc -
mateh abc

Ta-33 -matehsmall a tö smalt


L a - 3J+ match SmalA a o &mall 3 O i t Dne or mere eLavadlet
A l
a - 3 A -2]+ matt all woxd from &nall ao 0R taia
Zwith one ove more clorate.

LO-3) +mottln o e ore movediilg

dler c) - I eads-the mpul ka&tream anaaenerate the tbkeu


wittew w rule Setion
acterca to the Tqulaj epression
tet) - Act es a peintes tothe mpul Stnng
inpul- it oueleohausted
Calle i Lep too ohen the
twaapc) -

bttheneise
u oue o
ame reluw 1 i upul
waeo Caledl ECHO t h o t is equi vede
BCHOC) - lex pvovides a

tsntftos", zatEot );}


T h e Simplex Lex perrarn to n e u e pant cae meuaj

ncude <sidio.h

h e t l o ] j{inffe"Holowoid"),
Trauslatra
Lhantf C Tavalid o RD ") ,

in maint)

Pntf Enlei you inpuB)

3
mttwnapl),
Ex Lex wds
pgam to
ecoange amcl display he4aosdi, ueAdu
awd umber. iu Apnaet phabell
a
ziven pul Antemeu
Hin-keyuo0ads it, etle, int, cast, Jots, fo ,chal,aut6,conitiue,
=

delault,S tic, oile. etc

Number [o to
=
I+
woidl=
Atphabetb
[a-3A-2]+
ey pvoam

Defiitium

#nclude <stdlio.h
Sectin

Used tade
Used to define
t h e keywnds) if | etke | int | case.l aots 1fot | ebar| auts |
Tvanlatu
Continue 1default|Static oile 1 Jloat |soitelh
eum
Rule Secton
pntt"/os i a
kewoRd", vzet t
sed bdetia
t h e numbep
-1J+ { PaitfC°/%s is a
Number", 8let)
(Used to detia la-2A-z]+ {patfe"o/os ica Alphalet"aest),?
tphabeht"

in EcHo fo skipping

int maint)

Audaia pui ntf C" Enla the input 3tio)


Juucti
HHlex ) l t oitl pau the inpul-siig to5
etion
the Tule Section

int tywaap)
Tetuu
elasSMAte
Date
Page
Le
A woid Couttq Poro
WAlE a lex PEam to Count the number Unes,wodds,
Chaxcle, numbev and Specie clavacte a ativen gbomes

Declarat nclude< sidio. hy

ines=0, chavacle D, ookls =0,num =O,SpL-ebas =0,-totl


o/of

n {ünes+ + wOKcA++{
CiE WORdi +4_
La-3A-2 chaacler t++ Rule Sectun
LO-9 um ++
2pl-e hat +
/°/o
in maind)
PAintf Ene the input element 3)
AHlexC
t o a : Uaes + ehovaefer +WoRds + num+9pl-clas
pintfen/od line",Unes)_
pRintacn/od chavaafe chavaed)
pantfe m o/oc wORdA" woKek)
priatf n /od digilnum)
prtfe" n/d spe cial ehaeela spl-eau)
pnne mo/odLTota) olod. charaelei,tota&)_
setu 0
1n ttwka pc)

elma
H Hello. 2 Unes Tdto 11.clavaulee
2.34 3wORds 3 dii
chavae lad Speedal clOreelq
e p s e l
Ageböcfaghbn.
Cestam

elasSMAte
c s e d1
Date
( Page

Reulau eepvestiun (RE)(Rgudat lautuJ)


Methed, lo epvesesila laguaje
LetR be a auly espvesson over alplabe R1
Oe a rilar eopYession deotiy the 2e fe
a 1ulas, ecpvessi devetiu te enpgsel a
fA eaev mbol a6Za a gulaa eapiesstn cheusled
bya
Uiun a wo RE í also Rerulal R,Uf= g u l n
E Concalenation of Ido RE is alto a keguda R, Ra Rua
Kleene eloiure * of RE i Also qulas, a=kgul

e0 z ) L s-al

L E a b , aa, ab, ba bb, aaa bbb,


KE Ca+b)*

,,22
K 0 +A 27
¬,ab
RE abs
e abb,,b, Lb)

e ,o, D0 00O, o000--)


RE D*
Ca- 1,ili, .

RE 1T
DotjOm

oeto s i t Redue
Pvec eceeee
R Parting).
AvnsiguouS

C A o ) R I ) )
LR
C L A L R C I L R )

Masl

u t Reduee Parsing s R pase atfemps to constaue F a pae lkee


{ea annpu alpbabe- stin befimni g a te

(He bottom) and 1eAkin up tosards rth mot(hetoe)


Redueed 6
st
e Semne þrineiphe sg loctten parssex3.
le
To mplemen shl-eduee pasel, to s e q stalk ts hold

p nulLuffa t held e
Tamc mbols and o

s w to be
passed
The t i a corbiguTtioL op subeduLe Pases S

W
inpud- dfe
Staek
InRe(Pusl Kecduee -Deleterep
Posa ble Achm
is sited onto +hetobthe shek
Sat
The rest mbol
the toP t h e skaek Yeplaacd
Hand'e tkal- abear
o

( Reduce e
mon- famina
ih appopiate
a n n o umces Sueeempul
a n Achm Stale . ue p ase
Aceepl
Copedin oPasir 0A
m i c k paMeL euwnol ei ShabtE
Situatim peltorm tHe
even
Secuee dhe Symao nd also cannd-
Rules Ie wlom
opeRalss ha more þrion+than
oeitu, thn peor e
the
sLilyl
opeetuy ak Som oleu po
l miomin Oea tLem hesserm reduce

E E E-E |E» E/i


Pehonm the
sufr reuce poasin
W e pu su

cperatuo Stack wpu &ufe


paosta Acfiun

$E
ecce Eid
E dsid Shibl
$E-
E E skipt
E-E Reduee E Sia
$E-Eid|
stitl
E-E Recbuce Eid
Reduce E JEE
Reduce E E-Ë
E
Accet

riety a>C>s
LLSS a >

W (,C 4))
Tuhrnducthim to YAcc
YAcc Atauds for K«Fanetter Conpilev. orapilev.
Acc is a tool 8kich is sed to
aenerale paer(LALKLY ANAer
I t loakes the
inpu fom the previous flase C leci cal Aalye)
asa tokew aud generale the Pade Kee:
A e
kae, Syula Analyzer is 4he Aecoud fhase the tempiler
Lhch takes
Inpu as tokeng auel aenevale he pause tre
t h the help
o aamna)
Struchuve XACC
YACC
Apetifiatian
le AcLTool| tab. c
Compilevr

tab.c C Cornpiler a.out


Cyce LLALRI)
Paser

Input (Tokendaout ase Tree


rom leialAnalyas
oith *edeusipw. It
Tmpu the YAcC tompiler sil be a
file
4 alio coutalw ammal w yAcc format.Theu yAcetool
l l Cowwel iint a c fAle (1-e: tab.)
d - b . c l e i iven t the Compiler avl it oilqenevale
a
obiee code (a.put ie a asev (LALRCI) favder)
Tokes aeneral@d ythe lesical Avarzer (uslm Loolool) is
ve s the a.but ie LALRI)) faver ane i t will toevale

Pake ree as outpub


YAce Pa1am ooma.t
Declalatun 9f viakslos, cousloutg
Defiition Declaiation
weachevfilor
&ectio Someties alto Codaiw
TDkeus
Tokes
Detiles qrammal Section

Rules head: bedyActint bd Actiun


Delimilei

ottev fuudtion ectiow meuang matw


Auailiasy Sectim -

tuetion kectibn.

Some egeee nct)s


are reluthed
Nalue associaled otth 4e tokeus

O Le +he asiakde (va


Convestx pu numeie
E CoMveLsiou
amal &pe
tStzit to ut.
naiiable:
-

#incluee <tdib-hy
int mainC)
tval=atoi (a7at)
chayenr (SD
I tConvevtg a int a
characke. striyto aw Sulerei value efs Cyaar)
azatoi(ear)
eUC)
-

Peinlas 5 the iupul eloradley a a+1o


&ream
lao alew
pric alue is a )
whapl) - Caled the l5ol selw o
pu echauska[ove.

(u) Xase () -It uea -for prdby. I ear 142

Teacs he tokeut andexeculE a l u e is 2002


the action
&fae elu o ohan tke Gto7
AcceplaLthadise it olllet
o 3e the alud astrnei expessin e
YACe Peram
e s opeveloss + - * a 1

PaE

ol headet file
IMclude "a ab.h"-
wHthe etp pf hig
oil t e able
tool
t eatl tefile-
Ac
exlw alva

Co-1 xn atoiCUzleet); eluay hurmber,

a-3A-2] fseluu Tdeuctifev,

relu o,}
sekw ylExt[®];}

YAcc part
lo
nclude <iohy

otoken Numbev Tdeuifiev

legt'+

expT expr +expr


expr - expT
expr* expr
1ep 7 expr
1-Number
1Idetfier Tdeuttev /./o
Numbe
tnl mainc)

PaintCEnte the expe saion)


88pase )

P f C m Bxpvession it vadid)
3
ntop
T temr(chal *S)

is uvalia")
d Cn Exprestjon

Cousider the followirg rammal (cFG) and b evty he me


Ts deivn trom the romma
or not usiug Ace?
the Gn

SaSbe
L { e ,a b , aabb, aaabbb, -- --

S n g = aabb

bot
Hint: We Need tdevelop leiaAnalyzev avo ynlays Analy zev
So, e uoill use lex and ACL Too

Lex le.
nclude " takb.h u -faciitaled bT le
T h s Commuuccein
tom
tstaius e declsatid
aton oich
olo al th totens he YACC m

Ca relu A,
relun b,
relu o
%
YACe Part
olol nchde 7
nchde <SAdlo h
tincludle Aadub.k

lo tokeu A B
Tokeus cekned YAC

SztS ' rel o


S: ASB{
.
Her epslo
hman t)

bidtez shi)

n t accepled tven
dHerrpr ) - Tf Stnog
i n c t Oill alled

pedt e"lot acceplea)


t(o
tnt tzoap()
Vavsev leoev communicaton

yyPane)
Sourte
act tab:c
bal. exe
(tab.h) CC

bad. Compiled olp

t h e wcou ef tompiltium h e leiel Aaze Ga


h-meas n e n h e Poder
er wesk oete
esial avalyter
Ye es
S a bkens invoke a
i n tus, the leial Aalyar 8upplies loke
e rLe v

Wheu voe oe le» a d YACC keqe-te the YALC becomea


iah level outine. iE Calls he ylexC) funet
+okeus.
Lecer ta yder bideby- aud: teetthe
Collect
demauded b he
Teae aeneraled t o s lan theu be
Collect
AcePave s urthe arauseme, me Panen

akukhcie numberTokes and buldlshe Pade


ree
token Codes
a
epaalae
Nole
Nola YAcC wules the
weader fHle Called Htabn1
LUNIT-IL

Basie Locdev -funcuon


Loadevs ael Linkers
that Combines -ee objef
Lmker- Linke a specinl pveram|Toet cKeeulobte
au
complev
Asemble into
lesaehe vmled,
le (e dile)

- ebj
otj Lior exe
LAdd&tiova
iles
eTes Linkare Eul
Druamicfnkev

It is
speckN pe rom talokes fupu cf executabste
E a
h e eyeeutiom
'Lesad it natn memoy
iles from Linko
lo avom
Leedey allocale mennok Apace
&clherne
Loadi
olloomaA ane vaiiok
Loaces onby Loading
O Abiolule Loading+selocin

R e l o a t i n a loacdeis +LiaKa
elocatit
cacfeus-Loading
iec-üki fotteiO
is au

Sevtstap oade Leadrg


åcheme

GemeveY

fSASIC LOADER ANCTtoN


bjeet A
Alocatim Module
A
Loa-let)
Link A nd
8
( Reallocatic objec Pvorim
maduleA

w mema id
Maclule Qve Leaefe
Loadin
he pram i e main meot
AUocctien: 1t
aloaeS meMot D
poyernd ox madde
Liakin It Combines
Tuwo o more separale okee
upphe necenay mfoTmelion
md
o e d ea
1L madps objel p a9 So Aaa0-
the
elotaten
Q a n addeu ufev
Ce leat
Loading: 1E bos he obiet pveTom mto MM fr*
( Absclule Lcadev - The abcolule Locev Loads t e obiecl

Coe ot pTYm Into main menorH a -the


Cddveu &pecitied by the armblesIprereamma), ^te eocli
e obiect cade i ine
Locd
Alofm fes a Abscue LoadL| Design an Absoute
einRead Hcader ecoReL
Name
a legthw
Veby Peam
retescl
Yea F i s Text
do"
e vecord type #E
bein convezt

object coe
is chaeacle o m ,
t
vepreseutalonf
inlo leznal
memoiy
Meve ebject co-le Apeeiie Lecation
te
retoid
next ebjeek Peem
encL
ENO YeLord
t Addrew åpeifec lu
Tump
End

l o s k i f Absoue Loaces.
cbect pream Colaini retwsd ) End vecoRel
eco
(Text
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> StaitAded

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AdvaularS aw pisadvonlaqes of

Ad vanlarS Use

simple la desim
I t is
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estaicts the
s advaaqes the
actu-
to specify
pvoqYamar
for
pvram t e
e e d

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preram
flebil cannot
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éeseveval
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&ubmitine
uie
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Loeel loade wa specical tpe


Bootstap
Simple ok A e k u l a teadls
A s kist Tumed
on
This bertstrap
execuled.
compulz i operatisy
hew a
Brvtstap
loacler Ustally
an

flccdev called t h e Combule,-


ls be
un
by on-the
bootstap
pmram olepeels
he tist operatg yslem
Te entire toads the
operatingyslem
6yslem. as It s
correct RoNi ohidh
Pveram
ts woRk
poan
it a pasl f
bovtsrap iulo the
shods, the
toadeal
i
> B e l o w fuve
he Opevatinq sslem
menuw the tonpuless
the
non-volatile

afte, the i l
ef
pverraan
KAMythe boitstrap odsives
Atutg-the cleviee
Then operating ylem
the
RoM BovtshraP Ren oS
Pveram
ea
L v a do 5 / P e
yslom
Opeatin
Sytem
RAM
device Devices
daves

Woskin Beotstp Loader


at addreu o w the memey
The bvotshep t e t beains
IE Loacds the OS o Some ohe pvoqramg $taitiu vm 80,
BuDtstap Leader Leads-he dpevatug Syston om haid,dusk
(T1device) inte he maiw memo*
Botstap
Leader L Device

8o
Dperatirg OS
SsTam CHd osk
LOADER DESIGN OPTIoNS
Linka1e Elilo
I E is alio Kuoud w as Bider
OA+he execuution a c pvoram, eachtime -the allocativm
Seallocotion Ainkioz andl Loading needs lo be dene.
m e CompleoiS
space Cornple xi ol ineVeale sile perfod
teactanties i.e alloatirn, reallo caliun,
each t e inkingaud Loadna)
oThe deas iu to
&epavate these tuuc-hinslactivitiet u debarae
Toup

The Pvenram ohicw þevdorms allo catim


is Cauleo inkaze edi tor o eallocsiun, avo lsadi
inde
(Obieel
Prorer

Libsay nkae
dvau e oinkae Edifon
Ei tor

OIt pvoduces a unkel version Linked


uohich ü nomally PYepamts
-Hhe pvogam
wkten to a file or ubayr foc
lale execatien
Sualle udane ppet Execule Kelocat
M tmei wito being Teasgenblel. L a

Menc&y
2 mking Loader
be
pvoy)

Linking, Loacder berfovmd all inki ans


Jtchim autonatte
Kelocatiuq operations,including
ibvary Lrokina ibray &earchv, auol LoadaA unked
Load
ppTam into mem for executium.
IE ill Colainwall

thelibrotuetionS Memo
leeded by-He Pogm
oodev calluhe Libraty fune ts-thew Loadi inlo
e v e y timthe unE
e memo
Stahcini - Compiletme
8 ynamie Lirking. momic Und-Rud timne
E> i a Abeuialpast of opeaig len
Pnamic Uaking loads exletual Akavred ibvasies mt6 a
auwnana Pceu andl then binds thoie 3hared ubvaiel
denamic
to theunning PYoceu
IE povles he abuly to Loadl the Zubroutine enly ohen -they
are neeeedl. l the run tine
E UokS
all the ibvaty les ntö eeculabte file at sunttme
E aldo Known as
dunamic Leodiy o Load ow cal
O
Dynamic inkng it dhlew uled o allo several exec uu J
Slava one copy of a &ubroiue
ol übrat

Pynamic Linkiqequive Five Steps


FiaIuslead of execucting a TsUBisructn, Damic
efemin t au enlegu stmbol,the pomam Loader

makesa Loae-qud-cal &ervice request 1o Loadad4 CPart ofthe


Call
pevatig Aytem, Tke Pakametej of hisrequest KHANDL
emboic ef HHeoutine ts be called
name
UsevpvoqYam

fia 0.S exomines itt inlevnal ables to


elemine sheter or not he ouäue ik alYend

Loaded. 1{ necewav then ttlne Leacted fom-the


Seciiea t e r OY slen ibvasies.
Onamic
y© Cowtrol Sthew paued fwm OS lo-the Luder
Toutiue being ealed
Lbra
Use
Pynanc Porem
namic Leade ERRHNDL
Loader

Usev Fi
USev

PYogram
ERRHANDL

ERRHANDL
oheu-the catlecl subbrvütiue Complelett pvocessir ît eluius Oe
ya covutrot to h e
tststek allev (ì.e, DS).OS-snretuiuc
issued-te request
pPam hect
a Aend cal to it may not
a
subyotine is stu ,

ruued,
a another Load opeettie cowtyol a mpa be

equive souttne
the danamic
loader tö he callecd
wm

namic
Voader
Load audA
cal
ERRHANDL
Usev

eRRHANDL

P a n k a t euable
sehtudare
fext e d i o s
are

Editos or
teot jiles.
Inte field af
*Editars: edit
cveale aud souvce
Aoute ce
cde
to
t
-he uses o u s a u refes
usallt efe
e i eedler
r
he eaw e que
&peeiel fetuves foa wrttira
edto3
edites hat i c l u d e wmamy a v e bome o
4 h e Cemmevm
wordpadl
editior cdes lotepa, emocs,Jed, pLeo
owe the edtes on

m windo0 OS amodvi,
wsed
ONIX Obs.
wttw lest editos are
Fealure A M o c i e l

Pastrg)eing Gfindirg vaplciy


Movinz the euTBoT

deletn achog
Savi et
P e oEujovs ine at
Can ouly e d i t ot uPe oue a

(Oine edi or- Intmo, you of-


uness{t Loill take
Cave

ime or an inerel number o4


e iwe
e ptunler, edlinTECO
Tele

EditovM: In-hi fle is tresled a s Cetinuos-flod o


Strean means
n e nunberg, ohich
&equence of chaaees iafead
here 3 can p e p a a a p

ea- Sel editol UNX


(3 ScYeen Eutor n-mis user ale to bee euv$or e %creew wna 8)
ma-e coP, Cut, aute operation e l Easy to * t e uie mouke

boinle
eqVi emac,nlokefpac
Wovd pYoceuor. ovovcomig the imitathons ocveen edrtosit
allods oue to use some foknat fuset imapes, filesvideos, uRe
to
fowt, Sige , style features. it najory Jocupes ow ralual tavque

STucture editoY: Stauctuve editor focak focutes on prramnmi


laguages.It povicdes foatuves to oile u d edit bouce cede
Netbeamd IDE,8Güt.
Areteclure f Eilóvs

Eitiamponu
Edit
Bulfes
Tavel
Ceeneut
Cemman Main
Lalae iewin
Yoceuo Yr Conponet Memen
viei
pispby
Compnet viedina
B-ffe
ectputDevices
le sysa/
Ceutrot---
Da
(9
Foitint PYocess \wle alYeody Kuod tLou eitos ave the a
peaast tohic ît utd lo cvegle, edit anu roodiby aC
decumeut. A documeut w includle 1.ome faM, files,text
equatios ane aiqvams as well. But we wiL beirmitpd. t

Text editos ouly heAe main elemeils aye claaclet Stingi.

The documeul edity po cu Ma Coltbin-follnvbng fou task


OThe pat ofihe docunet ts editel ox moliftes e pelocte
Deles miring hed to foÄenk+is lines on vie ad he la dlisoloy

(3Specily and exæule t e opertent that mods fy the documeut

Upelak -the view pre þerly-


The abcve SHeps nclude filferigTravelliua and fotnattirg.

Fevmatting -
ViSu en Display screew
subket
RIecing-findig eut the nain1impostant
aveling Locatng the avea ef Tmere st
-

Vser Ineeace of edilorc The user Tuevface f edilorstypl


meas

the infevacuom laguage


nput dutpulaud
the
iulo doçume
devices a v e s e d o enle ext
da a

h e input
o pveCeL (ommanclS
used. display the edutea foim o
ave

The eutput dewices |eemmand


amal t h e resuls *he opergon
t h e docurmeut
executed
t h e rtevactien tlth te edttor
intevaction laquage vides
>The
neralylivided as eot put
Input
devices are
I n p u t Devices: Loatõr devices.
cdevices and
button
is a keyboaid
T e t inpul device
Bucttom
devicek a f e special-function Keys
meuse.
devices include the
T h e Localor dell Ohich wiles futs test Lokatever
evices as
eve petia volce
àse D)
Isa liquidystal DiplayCLC
output Devices TET menttors (1wn m Txusisloss) Pai nlevs Talelqpevailex
Cathede tibe techunology, Advanced cRT Tesma0s
1le be,typiog osieLuled
interactwn languoge
coutel
Llevacien aguge:
coutd be menu oxtemEt uses,
OR lex commani -oAeuledl o
inesace as wel
(
a aicdu
Mac Itis a Jequeee ef iwhuetuns e n by nome

we qmp Loc tte Pron


Can be
a e instotctens ave sbe e abbrevatim-for gmf off o
Sequettial ustuetionu.

Ca dafie a
Sigle " s t u c t i v "(o
amaco, porammu

epree dock op code.


Stnt efiitiin
e MALRo
Macno Nom e
TNCR
A DATA
A DATA Sequee
wrtauctions
A3, DATA
lEND Ebrd deftm

a
exleusen H e basie aneo
itructans afe
Maeo a d p a modijaio.
a
Ampudy delgg
d i n g strausliTou pve-pree
avnender e s
tusucten ,
most
macm
o oce
MACRO
HAPPX
A 1,DA-1A
Ha l Define Macvo A DATA
A 3,DATA
Stnt f Defittn ACRo
MEND
p e ro Name

See wenee 1 6

be alrevjaled
HAPPK
MEND
End f Dfiution
+ Macvo tepveseuuls
a ouP of Commowdy uled
8demen h e Acurce pmeyam 3APPy
plac eael M a c o iuuehop
MacvD Pvocenr
a ource layquand
wh e eomespdivg o u p
epaus gn f
8temets. T s hodn a
HAPPY t
aroS
molves whon, invoction
o pvocem
M a c(dalin),and expansion
MALRO
HAPPY LARG
A , 8AR
DummY
A2, AE¢ Valables.

A 3, ARe

MEND

A 1, DArA
HAPPY DATA A, 2, DATAL

A,3,DATA

HAPPH DAT2
,,PATAL-
A2, DATA 2
, DATA3
Juacties pacw pvore.

Rconise maerokefind
Save e deiutien

te
Recarrise
calls o d Substitle agumeals
erxpard
pkceuws Name Talle )
wed by a C
(macvo

Sutuves MNT
Del Pau 1 Pau
PRSTARTO MNT
MACROD PRG STRO
A.DAIA
HO
A ,0PTA
AI,DATA 3, D/ HELO

A 2 , DATA MDT(Maeo Definuio Tabsle)

A 3 ,DATH HDLAO
HELLO

MEND
A,1, DATA DAA

A 2DATA

HeLLo 3
HELLO
A 3, D A T A DeID

MUND

HELLO NO
Expas
yfet faomeev macvo
O los tioual amelet keywoAd paamelers
MACRO MAcRO
INCR f, 2 3 INCR P: P2, P3 =
A LDA1A A L, DATA

A 2, DA TA A 2, DATA
A 3, DATA A 3, DATA

MEND MEND

INCR BREG,A,B TNCR P = A,sP2=6, 2 - C

Defautt Aaamele Mixec Paromeley lt is


-
a

ketdozd,
MACRO
Combinationsf Positun,
and letuut Palamelev
TNCR P =A &P2= 6
AL, DATA
A 2, DATA
A 3,DATA
MEND

Advauae ac
OSinplfy audeduce the
amout of epettie caling
Caued Ly repetative cadiyt
KeduLe the posibil er
move eaqable
cKe an SembM pYDgsam

stovec m memolp wokd


neyemeuNE He v l e
l e a Macvo t

au - MARo
KMEM-VAL,
AINC. VAL, AREG
eocde TNCR
MovER RE %MEM-VAL

%TNC-VAL
ecd
ADD ARES Maco
MOVEM REC %MEM-VAL

Moc MENDI
end
> McrD Call
INCR AS,ARE
Actu Palameled
Pan
MOTC
MNTCE

Reond Nest
Source Yecala

No
seulo wike coP
p sourc

END No
Kea Nept Pseudo
Souvte caHe

Enley Macro Cqot


Novme anscuel|
valueMDTCa Pau
MNT

|MNTCMNTC+|

repayaqumed
E e Une
inte MDT

name 1nto MUT| MDTCM DIC+|

MOTC k-MOIt1 No

Red lept
Soavce Codo

PASS1
Substilue indee
notliwnf«
oqument
Pau
Peu 2

Read dext
Source cede
CCopled fom

Search MNTfo
match i t opeteto
Cole

MACR
hme-feune Newde'Talo epanded
Souree code fle

yes
ED No
MOTP MDTinde Pseueloop
om NT etoy

Spypldee
g upagrument Souwee fle
aMansle
Procestin

MDTP<MOTP+I

qet line frm


MDT

Subsilaarrune-ls
wm MAAo tall

AEND -wile trpanehedl


y PSeudo o
kouve cade

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