25 Questions

Que. 1 Red algae are generally found in:

1. mountains
2. cities
3. water bodies
4. deserts

Correct Option - 3
The correct answer is water bodies.
Important Points
Red algae are found in tide pools and coral reefs.
Red algae provide food for aquatic animals.

Key Points
Red algae are named red because of their red colour which they obtain from the pigment
Phycoerythrin.
The scientific name of Red Algae is Rhodophyta.
Examples of Red algae-
Irish moss
Dulse
Laver
Coralline algae

Additional Information
The Red algae are different from other algae because red algae lack flagella, the whip-like structures
that help in locomotion and perform sensory functions.
Uses of Red algae
They are used as food sources.
They are used as the source of dietary fibre.
They are used in nourishing skin and boosting the immune system.

Que. 2 Which of the following Articles was deleted by the Constitution (Forty-Fourth Amendment) Act,
1978?

1. Article 31
2. Article 29
3. Article 27
4. Article 25

Correct Option - 1
The correct answer is Article 31.
Key Points
In 44th Amendment, Remove articles are 31, 257A, and 329A.
Right to Property was initially a fundamental right granted under Article 31 and this right was removed
from fundamental rights via 42nd constitutional amendment act.
 The 44th Amendment Act made the right to property an ordinary legal right under Article 300-A.
Thus, the right to property is presently a constitutional right as well as a human right.
Forty-Fourth Amendment was enforced on 6 September 1978.
Articles 134A and 361A are inserted through this Amendment.

Additional Information
Articles amend in this Amendment are following
19, 22, 30, 31A, 31C, 38, 71, 74, 77, 83, 103, 105, 123, 132, 133, 134, 139A, 150, 166, 172,
192, 194, 213, 217, 225, 226, 227, 239B, 329, 352, 356, 358, 359, 360 and 371F.
This amendment stated that the Proclamation of Emergency can be issued only when the security of
India or any part of its territory is threatened by war or external aggression or by armed rebellion.​
Morarji Desai was the Prime minister at that time of the Amendment.
As of January 2020, there have been 104 amendments to the Indian Constitution since 1950.

Que. 3 What is the population of rural India as per Census 2011?

1. 83.3 crore
2. 73.3 crore
3. 37.3 crore
4. None of the above

Correct Option - 1
The correct answer is 83.3 crore.
Key Points
The population of rural India as per Census 2011 is 83.3 crore.
Nearly 70 percent of the country’s population lives in rural areas where, for the first time since
independence, the overall growth rate of the population has sharply declined, according to the latest
Census.
Of the 121 crore Indians, 83.3 crores live in rural areas while 37.7 crore stay in urban areas, said the
Census of India’s 2011 Provisional Population Totals of Rural-Urban Distribution in the country,
released by Union Home Secretary R.K. Singh.

Additional Information
For the first time since independence, the absolute increase in population is more in urban areas than in
rural areas.
The rural-urban distribution is 68.84 percent and 31.16 percent respectively.
The level of urbanization increased from 27.81 percent in the 2001 Census to 31.16 percent in the 2011
Census, while the proportion of the rural population declined from 72.19 percent to 68.84 percent.

Que. 4 What is the below poverty line (BPL) percentage in India as per the 2011 census?

1. 32%
2. 22%
3. 42%
4. 35%

Correct Option - 2
The correct answer is 22%.
Key Points
 22% is the below poverty line (BPL) percentage in India as per the 2011 census.
Hence, option 2 is correct.​

Additional Information
The proportion of people living below the poverty line (BPL) has come down from 37.2 percent in
2004-05 to 22 percent in 2011-12.

Below Poverty Line is a benchmark used by the government of India to indicate economic
disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid.
It is determined using various parameters which vary from state to state and within states.
The present criteria are based on a survey conducted in 2002.

Important Points
Census of India, 2011:
Total Population of India was 1,210,193,422.
The Sex Ratio (females per thousand males) in India was 943.
The population density was reported at 382 persons per sq. km.
Total districts covered- 640. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Crude Birth Rate- 21.8.
Crude Death Rate- 7.1 per thousand population
Infant Mortality Rate was 44 per thousand live births
Literacy rate of the country- 74.04 per cent. (82.14 for males and 65.46 for females).
State with the highest literacy- Kerala (94.0%)
State with the lowest literacy- Bihar (61.8%)
state with the highest female literacy rate- Kerala (92.1%)

Census:​
In 1872 AD, the first Non-synchronised Census was done in India during the time of Lord
Mayo.
The first synchronised census in India took place in 1881.
Since 1901, it has been taking place after every decade.
Census 2011, is the 15th census and 7th after independence.
The slogan of Census 2011 is “Our Census, Our Future”.

Que. 5 Which Indian territory was formerly known as ‘Black Water’ before Independence?

1. Lakshadweep Group
2. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
3. Diu
4. Aliabetand Khadiabet

Correct Option - 2
The correct answer is Andaman and Nicobar Islands
 Key Points
Black Water:-
The Cellular Jail, a colonial prison of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India was also
known as Kala Pani or Black Water before independence.
The prison was mainly used by the Britishers to keep away political prisoners in the remote
islands.

Que. 6 Some parts of the Tapi basin are located in ________.

1. Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan

2. Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra
3. Maharashtra, Karnataka and Chhattisgarh
4. Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh

Correct Option - 2
The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat.
Key Points
The Tapti River (aka Tapi river )is a river in central India located to the south of the Narmada river
which flows westwards before draining into the Arabian Sea.
The river has a length of around 724 kms and flows through the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat,
and Madhya Pradesh.
Tapti river originates from Multai Betul district Madhya Pradesh. And also from the Satpura range.

Additional Information
The other important rivers are
Narmada river: it also flows in three States namely Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat.
The total length of the Narmada river is 1312 km in which 1069 km flows in Madhya Pradesh.
Origin: Narmada Kund Amarkantak, Anuppur district Madhya Pradesh.
It is a West flowing river and makes estuary where it drained to the Arabian sea.
Narmada river is also called The Lifeline of Madhya Pradesh.

Que. 7 Which part of the Indian constitution deals with citizenship?

1. III
2. IV
3. I
4. II

Correct Option - 4
The correct answer is II.
Key Points
Part II of the Indian Constitution deals with Citizenship.
It includes articles 5 to 11 -
Art. 5 - Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution.
Art. 6 - Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.
Art. 7 - Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan.
Art. 8 - Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India.
Art. 9 - Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State are not to be citizens.
 Art. 10 - Continuance of the rights of citizenship.
Art. 11 - Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.

Additional Information
Part I of the Indian Constitution - The Union and Its Territories; Art. 1-4
Part III of the Indian Constitution - Fundamental Rights; Art. 12-35
Part IV of the Indian Constitution - Directive Principles of State Policy; Art. 36-51

Que. 8 _________ received the very first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901 for his discovery of X-rays?

1. William Thomson
2. Wilhelm Röntgen
3. Louis Pasteur
4. William Crookes

Correct Option - 2

Wilhelm Röntgen was the first-ever awardee of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.
He was a German mechanical engineer and also a physicist.
He received the award for discovering X Rays, which he discovered on 8 November of 1895.
The Nobel Prize was started in 1901 founded by the Swedish inventor and businessman Alfred Nobel
which was written in his will in 1896.
The Nobel Prize is awarded in six fields which are physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, economics
and peace.

Que. 9 Who of the following is known as the father of Indian constitution?

1. B R Ambedkar
2. Rajendra Prasad
3. Jawaharlal Nehru
4. Subhash Chandra Bose

Correct Option - 1
B R Ambedkar played an important role in framing the Indian constitution after independence and was also
the chairman of drafting committee. That is why he is known as the father of Indian constitution.

Que. 10 Who was the founder of the Chola Dynasty?

1. Vijayalaya
2. Karikala
3. Aditya I
4. Rajaraja I

Correct Option - 1
The correct answer is Vijayalaya.
Key Points
Vijayalaya:
Vijayalaya was the founder of the Chola dynasty. His reign was from 850-870 CE.
Vijayalaya established the dynasty by taking advantage of the war between the Pandyas and
Pallavas.
 He conquered Thanjavur from Elango Mutharaiyar who was the final ruler of Mutharaiyar
dynasty.
With help of Muttaraiyar king, Sattan Paliyilli he established the dynasty in Tanjavur.
He was succeeded by his son Aditya I.
The Tiruvalangadu plates or the Tamil copper-plate inscriptions mention Vijayalaya's
capture of Tanjavur city.

Additional Information
The Cholas (850 – 1279 AD)

Known as Imperial Cholas of Tanjore.

The founder of the Chola dynasty was Vijayalaya who was at first a feudatory of Pallavas.
The greatest kings of Cholas were Rajaraja & his son Rajendra I.
The use of Agrahatta (Persian wheel) also facilitated the already established smooth irrigation
networks of tanks, canals, wells, and sluices.

Local self-government was an important feature of Cholas's rule. Uttiramerur Inscriptions gives a
detailed account of the village administration.
Ur Nattam was a residential portion of the city.
Ur was the general assembly of the village & Sabha was a gathering of adult men in the Brahmana
village – Agrahara (rent-free villages with autonomy).
The main source of Income for the Chola Empire was land revenue, which was 1/6th of the produce.

Que. 11 Which country is to play host to the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) Women's Asian Cup
2022?

1. UK
2. India
3. Sri Lanka
4. Bangladesh

Correct Option - 2
The correct answer is India.
Key Points
The 2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup
It will be the 20th edition of the AFC Women's Asian Cup, the quadrennial
international football tournament in Asia competed by the women's national teams in
the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).
India was recommended as the host of the tournament by AFC Women's Football
Committee and selected as the host in June 2020. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
It will be the second time that the country hosts the competition, the first being in 1979.
On 28 January 2021, the AFC confirmed that the tournament would take place between 20
January and 6 February 2022, instead of the originally scheduled dates of late October and
early November.
For the first time in the competition, the final tournament was expanded from eight teams to
twelve.
It will serve as the final stage of Asian qualification for the 2023 FIFA Women's World
Cup in Australia and New Zealand, in which Australia already qualified automatically as a co-
host.
Five teams will qualify directly for the World Cup via the knockout stage (including play-offs
for the fifth place or possibly sixth place), and two more teams will advance to the inter-
confederation play-offs.
Japan is the defending champion.
 The Asian Football Confederation (AFC) Women's Asian Cup India 2022 Organising Committee
confirmed the venues of the tournament. D.Y. Patil Stadium in Navi Mumbai, TransStadia in
Ahmedabad, and the Kalinga Stadium in Bhubaneswar will host the premier women's football
competition, from January 20 to February 6, 2022.
Additional Information
Upcoming Sports Events
Asian Games
2022-Hangzhou, China
2026-Nagoya, Japan
Commonwealth Games (CWG)
2022-Birmingham, England
Olympics Games
Summer Olympic:
2020 – Tokyo, Japan
2024 – Paris, France
Winter Olympic:
2022 – Beijing, China
2026 – Italy’s Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo
ICC World Cup Cricket
2023 – India.
ICC World Cup T20
2020 – Australia
ICC Women’s Cricket World Cup
2021 – New Zealand.
ICC Women’s World Cup T20
2020 – Australia
FIFA (Football) World Cup
2022 – Qatar.

Que. 12 Who among the following was awarded Nobel Peace Prize - 2021 ?

1. Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov

2. Benjamin List and David MacMillan
3. World Food Programme
4. Abiy Ahmed

Correct Option - 1
The correct answer is Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov.
Key Points
The 2021 Nobel Peace Prize
It was awarded to journalists Maria Ressa of the Philippines and Dmitry Muratov of
Russia for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for
democracy and lasting peace.
They have bagged the award “for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a
precondition for democracy and lasting peace.”
Both journalists have faced several attempts from both the Philippines and Russian
governments to silence their publication.
In 2020, the award was given to the World Food Programme (WFP), a United Nations (UN)
agency.

Additional Information
Nobel Prize 2021 Winners List
 Nobel Prize Winner Name
category
Syukuro Manabe and
Klaus Hasselmann - for
the physical modelling of
Earth’s climate,
quantifying variability and
reliably predicting global
Physics warming.
Giorgio Parisi - for the
discovery of the interplay
of disorder and
fluctuations in physical
systems from atomic to
planetary scales.
Benjamin List and David
MacMillan - for the
Chemistry development of
asymmetric
organocatalysis.
David Julius and Ardem
Patapoutian- for their
Physiology or Medicine
discoveries of receptors for
temperature and touch.
Abdulrazak Gurnah - for
his uncompromising and
compassionate penetration
of the effects of
Literature
colonialism and the fate of
the refugee in the gulf
between cultures and
continents.
Maria Ressa and Dmitry
Muratov - for their efforts
to safeguard freedom of
Peace expression, which is a
precondition for
democracy and lasting
peace.
David Card for his
empirical contributions to
labour economics.
Sveriges Riksbank Prize Joshua D. Angrist and
in Economic Sciences in Guido W. Imbens for
Memory of Alfred Nobel their methodological
contributions to the
analysis of causal
relationships.”

Que. 13 Which of the following rivers has been mentioned as ‘Vitasta’ in Vedic literature?

1. Jhelum
2. Beas
 3. Chenab
4. Ravi

Correct Option - 1
The correct answer is Jhelum.
Key Points
The Vedic name of Jhelum is Vitasta.
The Vitasta is referred as one of the crucial rivers by the holy scriptures, the Rigveda.
The Jhelum is the important waterway of the Kashmir valley.
The Jhelum River is a river in the northern Indian subcontinent.

Additional Information
Rigvedic hymns mention many rivers' names different from modern ones.

Rig Vedic names Rivers

Askini Chenab
Sindhu Indus
Parushni Ravi
Vitasts Jhelum
Vipas Beas
Sutudri Sutlej

Que. 14 Who among the following won the women's singles title at the 82nd Senior National Table Tennis
Championships 2021?

1. Neha Aggarwal
2. Manika Batra
3. Reeth Rishy
4. Mouma Das

Correct Option - 2
The correct answer is Manika Batra.
Key Points
Manika Batra is an Indian table tennis player.
As of November 2020, she is the top-ranked female table tennis player in India and ranked 50th in
the world as of March 2022.
She was awarded the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna in 2020.

Additional Information
Neha Aggarwal Sharma is an Indian table tennis player who participated in the 2008 Summer
Olympics in Beijing, the only woman from India to feature in that discipline.
Reeth Rishy is an Indian table tennis player and the winner of the ITTF Ecuador Open, 2021,
making her the first Indian woman to win a pro tour in the singles category.
Mouma Das is an Indian table tennis player and has won multiple medals at the Commonwealth
Games including a gold in the Women's Team Competition in 2018.

Amjad Ali Khan is a famous exponent of

Que. 15
1. Sitar
2. Veena
3. Tabla
4. Sarod

Correct Option - 4
The correct answer is Sarod.
Key Points
Ustad Amjad Ali Khan Bangash was born on 9 October 1945.
He is an Indian classical sarod player, best known for his clear and fast akhara taans.
He was born into a classical musical family and has performed internationally since the 1960s.
He was awarded India's second-highest civilian award Padma Vibhushan in 2001.
He first performed in the United States in 1963
He was awarded 21st Rajiv Gandhi National Sadbhavna Award. He received Padma Shri in
1975, Padma Bhushan in 1991, and Padma Vibhushan in 2001.

Additional Information
Indian Music Instruments and Players:
Mridangam: Palakkad Mani Iyer, T.R. Murthy, Guruvayoor Doraiswami, Karaikudi R.Mani,
Umayalpuram Shivaraman, Velloor A. Ramabhadran, Mavelikara Krishnan Kutty Nair.
Sitar: Ravi Shankar, Mushtaq Ali Khan, Vilayat Khan, Uma Shankar Mishra, Nikhil Banerjee,
Raiz Khan, Harashankar Bhattacharya, Budhaditya Mukherjee, Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan
Sarod : Amjad Ali Khan, Ali Akbar Khan, Rajiv Taranath
Violin : V.G. Jog, Lalgudi Jayaraman, T.N. Krishnan, Yehudi Mennuhin, M. S. Gopalakrishnan,
Kunnukkudi Vaidyanathan, Kalyana Krishna Bhagavatar, L. Subramaniam, Chandayya, Kantha
Devi, Gajannan Rao Joshi (Hindustani), Zubin Mehta (Western).
Santoor: Shiv Kumar Sharma, Tarun Bhattacharya, Bhajan Sopperi.
Flute: N.Ramani, Hariprasad Chaurasia, T.R. Mahalingam, Pannalal Ghosh, T. S. Shankaran,
Sikkil Sisters
Mandolin: U. Srinivas, S. Balamurali Krishna.
Piano : Surojeet Chatterji, Kaikhosh Shapurji, Sorabjee.
Shehnai: Bismillah Khan, Bagheshwari Gamar, Bade Gulam Ali.
Tabla: Alla Rakha, Zakir Hussian, Shankar Ghosh, Abad Mistry, Rimba Shiva, Santha Prasad,
Sheikh Dawood, Sharafat Ahmed Khan, Kishan Maharaj, Ahmed, Tirkuva, Pt. Samta Prasad.

Que. 16 Which legendary classical dancer died recently?

1. Birju Maharaj
2. Mrinalini Sarabhai
3. Sitara Devi
4. Mallika Sarabhai

Correct Option - 2
Padmabhushan recipient Mrinalini Sarabhai died recently. Her daughter Mallika Sarabhai too is a dancer.

Que. 17 With reference to educational institutes during colonial rule in India, consider the following
pairs: (UPSC CSE 2018)
Institution Founder
 1. Sanskrit College at Benaras William Jones
2. Calcutta Madrasa Warren Hastings
3. Fort William College Arthur Wellesley

Which of the following pairs is/ are correctly matched?

1. 1, 2 only
2. 2 only
3. 1, 3 only
4. 3 only

Correct Option - 2

From 1835, The British started Lord Macaulay’s education policy. The aim was to create a
middle and intelligent class that will act as interpreters between masses and government and be
loyal to them. It is also called ‘Downward Filtration Theory’.
Hence, the British started promoting the colleges to create an English class in taste and opinion.
Following were these earliest colleges:
Sanskrit College at Banaras: It was founded by Jonathan Duncan in 1791. Hence, pair 1 is
incorrect.
Calcutta Madrasa: By Warren Hastings in 1781. Hence, Pair 2 is correct.
Fort William college: It was started by Marquess Wellesly and not Arthur Wellesly to train
the Indians for the clerical administration posts. Hence, pair 3 is incorrect.
Hence, option B is correct.

Que. 18 Arjuna Award is given for ________.

1. Exceptional service in emergency

2. Bravery on battlefield
3. Outstanding performance in sports
4. Exceptional social services

Correct Option - 3
The correct answer is Outstanding performance in sports.
Key Points
The Arjuna Award, officially known as Arjuna Awards for Outstanding Performance in Sports
and Games, is the second-highest sporting honor in India, the highest being the Khel Ratna
Award.
The award is named after Arjuna, one of the characters of the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata of
ancient India.
It is given to individuals for their exemplary and exceptional performance in various categories
of sports.
The award is bestowed by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India.
The award is given to promote sports in India.

Additional Information
2021 Arjuna Award Recipient:
Sports
S.no Recipient
Associated
1 Arpinder Singh Athletics
 2 Simranjit Kaur Boxing
3 Amit Rohidas Hockey
Bhavani D. C. A.
4 Fencing
Sundhararaman

Que. 19 Which English officer proposed the Ryotwari System of revenue collection?

1. Alexander Reed
2. Thomas Munro
3. Both1 and 2
4. William Bentinck

Correct Option - 3
The correct answer is Alexander Reed and Thomas Munro.
Key Points
The Ryotwari system of land revenue collection was introduced by Sir Thomas Munro, Governor of
Madras in 1820.
However, this system was first executed by Captain Reed in the year 1792 in the Baramahal region
of Tamil Nadu (erstwhile Madras presidency).
It was introduced in the Madras, Bombay along with some provinces of Coorg and Assam later on.
In this system of land revenue, the cultivator or peasant was designated as the Ryot or owner of the
land and they were conferred with all the ownership rights i.e.they could sell or mortgage the land to
anyone.
The tax collection under this system varied from 50%-60% depending on whether the land is dry,
wet, or irrigated land.
The Government was in charge of any free or barren land.
The tax rate was fixed by the government and was the function of the rate of crop production.
If the peasant was unable to pay the tax the land was entitled to be confiscated by the Government.

Additional Information
The figure shows the Areas under the Permanent Settlement, Mahalwari Settlement, and the Ryotwari
Settlement.
Que. 20 ________ is the most popular festival in Kerala.

1. Diwali
2. Onam
3. Boat Festival
4. Makaravilakku

Correct Option - 2
The correct answer is Onam,
Key Points
Onam is the most popular festival in Kerala.
It is a harvest festival that commemorates the annual visit of mythical king Mahabali.
Mahabali is a king who is considered to have ruled ancient Kerala.
Mahabali’s kingdom signifies Kerala at its best.
The ten-day celebrations of Onam start with Atham and end with the Thiruvonam.
Each of the days from Atham to Thiruvonam marks a certain stage of Mahabali’s journey to Kerala.
Creating 'Pookalams' is the most iconic tradition associated with Onam.

Additional Information

Vallam Kali(Boat race) is another iconic tradition associated with Onam.

Thirvathira Kali is a traditional dance form associated with Onam.
Makaravilakku is an annual festival held on Makara Sankranti at the Sabarimala Ayyappa temple in
Kerala.
Diwali is one of the major festivals in India celebrated by Hindus, Jains, Sikhs.

Que. 21 Gareth Bale announced his retirement on 9 January 2023. He is associated with which of the
following sports?
 1. Basketball
2. Football
3. Hockey
4. Tennis

Correct Option - 2
The correct answer is Football.
In News
Gareth Bale announced his retirement from professional football on 9 January 2023.

Key Points
Bale made his Wales debut in 2006 against Trinidad and Tobago.
He has won Wales’ player of the year award six times.
Bale played a record 111 games for his country and was a five-time Champions League winner with
Real Madrid.
He captained Wales in their first European Championship in 2016.

Additional Information
Persons in News:
Indian-origin Manpreet Monica Singh became the first female Sikh judge in the US in January
2023.
Nityanand Rai will head a committee formed by Home Ministry to discuss land and
employment safeguards for Ladakh.
Beth Mead has been awarded the BBC Sports Personality of the Year for 2022 in December
2022.
Rajya Sabha Chairman Jagdeep Dhankhar has nominated legendary former athlete and MP PT
Usha to the panel of Vice chairpersons in the Upper House on 21 December 2022.
French footballer Karim Benzema announced his retirement from International football on 20
December 2022.

Que. 22 In which part of Article 44 of the Constitution of India is the provision for uniform civil code for
the citizens contained?

1. Part III
2. Part VI
3. Part IV
4. Part II

Correct Option - 3
The correct answer is Part IV.
Key Points
The source of the concept of Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) is the Spanish Constitution
from which it came from the Irish Constitution.
Part IV of the Constitution of India (Article 36–51) contains the Directive Principles of State Policy
(DPSP).
Article 37 of the Indian Constitution States about the application of the Directive Principles.
The DPSP is not enforceable by law; it is non-justiciable.
DPSP consists of all the ideals which the State should follow and keep in mind while formulating
policies and enacting laws for the country.
 Additional Information
Important articles in Part IV.
Article 38 Constitution of India: State to secure a social order for the promotion of the welfare
of the people.
Article 39A Constitution of India: Equal justice and free legal aid.
Article 40 Constitution of India: Organisation of village panchayats.
Article 41 Constitution of India: Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain
cases.
Article 42 Constitution of India: Provision for just and humane conditions of work and
maternity relief.
Article 43B Constitution of India: Promotion of cooperative Societies.
Article 44 Constitution of India: Uniform civil code for the citizens.
Article 46 Constitution of India: Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled
Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.
Article 48 Constitution of India: Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.
Article 48A Constitution of India: Protection and improvement of environment and
safeguarding of forests and wildlife.
Article 49 Constitution of India: Protection of monuments and places and objects of national
importance.

Important Points
Part III- Articles 12 to 35 contained in Part III of the Constitution deal with Fundamental Rights.
Part II- Citizenship of India constitutional provisions. Citizenship in India is governed by Articles 5
– 11 (Part II) of the Constitution.
The Citizenship Act, of 1955 is the legislation dealing with citizenship.
Part VI (Article 152 to Article 237)- The executive power of the State shall be vested in the
Governor and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in
accordance with this Constitution.

Que. 23 What is the unit of the physical quantity "Stress"?

1. newton second
2. steradian
3. pascal
4. joule

Correct Option - 3
The correct answer is Pascal.
Key Points
Pascal (Pa):
This is the SI unit of pressure (and hence stress, which is a type of pressure).
One Pascal is equivalent to one Newton per square meter (N/m2).

Additional Information
Newton Second:
This is not a standard unit of measure in physics. However, a Newton times a second (N.s)
is the unit of momentum in the International System of Units (SI).
It's derived from the base units of kilogram (mass), meter (length), and second (time).
Steradian (sr):
This is the SI unit of solid angle.
 It is used in three-dimensional geometry, and it's analogues to the way we use radians for angles
in two-dimensional space.
A sphere has a total solid angle of 4π steradians.
Joule (J):
This is the SI unit of energy, work, or amount of heat.
It is defined as the amount of work done by a force of one Newton over a displacement of one
meter.
Energy can take various forms (kinetic, potential, thermal, etc.), and the Joule is a way to
quantify that energy.

Que. 24 The opening ceremony of the FIFA World Cup 2022 was held in which country in November
2022?

1. Qatar
2. Armenia
3. Croatia
4. Slovenia

Correct Option - 1
The correct answer is Qatar.
Key Points
The opening ceremony of the FIFA World Cup 2022 was held at the Al Bayt Stadium, Al Khor in
Qatar on 20 November 2022.
The first match was held between Qatar and Ecuador.
The world cup is being held from 21 November to 18 December 2022.
32 teams will compete across 64 matches in the 22nd edition of the World Cup.

Important Points
Argentina defeated France 4-2 on penalties to win their third World Cup, after 36 years on 19
December 2022.
Golden Ball was awarded to Lionel Messi.
He also got this award in 2014.
With eight goals, Kylian Mbappe was awarded the Golden boot.
Enzo Fernandez is awarded the Young Player of the Tournament award.
While the goalkeeper of the tournament was given to Emiliano Martinez.

Additional Information
FIFA stands for Fédération Internationale de Football Association.
Its membership now comprises 211 national associations.
These national associations must each also be members of one of the six regional confederations:
Africa, Asia, Europe, North & Central America and the Caribbean, Oceania and South America.

Que. 25 Phrygian cap has been unveiled as the mascot for the 2024 Olympics and Paralympics. The 2024
Olympics and Paralympics will be held in ____________.

1. Paris
2. San Fransico
3. New York
4. Munich
Correct Option - 1
The correct answer is Paris.
Key Points
Phrygian cap has been unveiled as the mascot for the 2024 Paris Olympics & Paralympics.
These red caps date back to ancient times & were a symbol of the pursuit of liberty in the French
Revolution.
The Paralympic version of the mascot features a prosthetic leg.
Paris Olympics will take place from 26 July to 11 Aug 2024.
The Games will feature the debut of breakdancing as an Olympic event.

Additional Information
The Summer Olympic Games, also known as the Games of the Olympiad, and often referred to as the
Summer Olympics, is a major international multi-sport event normally held once every four years.
The inaugural Games took place in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and the most recent edition was held in
2021 in Tokyo, Japan.
The four-year interval between the Ancient Games editions was named an “Olympiad” and was used
for dating purposes at the time.