Long & Short Answer type Questions

1. With suitable examples compare EC and IC engines

2. Explain with neat sketch the operation of a 4-stroke cycle engine

3. Explain the working of 2-stroke cycle engine.

4. Define the following terms with respect to a piston engine

(i) Displacement volume
(ii) Compression ratio
(iii) Capacity of Engine
5. Describe with neat sketch the working principle of a crankcase scavenged two stroke
engine.
6. Draw the actual indicator diagram of a two stroke SI Engine. How are they different from
that of a four stroke engine?
7. Define following efficiencies
(i) Indicated thermal efficiency
(ii) Relative Efficiency
(iii) Volumetric efficiency
8. Compare SI and CI engine
9. What is the role of governor used in CI engine? What are the two types of governor?
10. Develop an equation for the amount of fuel injected per cycle in terms of brake horse
power and speed of a four stroke CI engine.
11. Briefly discuss the air fuel ratio requirements of a petrol engine from no load to full load.
12. Compare 4-stroke and 2-stroke cycle Engine.
13. Develop an expression for air fuel ratio neglecting compressibility for a simple
carburetor.
14. What do you understand by the performance of an Engine. Explain various parameters
used to define the performance of an Engine.
15. How SI and CI engine fuels are rated?
16. Explain the basic requirements made by ignition system
17. (i) Comment on the spark energy and its duration in the initiation of combustion
(ii) What do you mean by spark advance?

18. What do you mean by firing order? What are the factors considered for setting firing
order? Mention popular firing order for a 4-stroke cycle engine.
19. Compare Otto, Diesel and Dual cycle a) under same compression ratio and heat rejection,
b) Same peak pressure and peak temperature, c) Same maximum pressure and heat input.
20. (i) Explain homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture
(ii) Explain the basic energy requirements for spark ignition

21. Explain with neat diagram what is thermo syphon system and thermo state system.
22. What do you mean by volumetric efficiency of an engine? What are the parameters affect
volumetric efficiency of an engine? How volumetric efficiency can be improved?
23. A dry friction brake on a small engine has a brake arm of 75 cm and a tare of 19 kg.
During a test at 350 rpm, the load indicated on the scale was 35 kg. Find the bhp and
torque developed by the engine. Calculate the ihp if the mechanical efficiency is 80%
24. A CI engine operates at 800 rpm uses 100 g of fuel in 4 min while developing a torque of
1 N-m. What is the specific fuel consumption?
25. A diesel engine has a brake thermal efficiency of 30%. If the calorific value of the fuel is
42000 kJ/kg, find the brake specific fuel consumption.
26. A 4-cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine develops 100 kW at 3500 rpm. Its brake specific fuel
consumption is 180 gm per kWh. Calculate the quantity of fuel to be injected per cycle
per cylinder. Specific gravity of the fuel may be taken as 0.88.
27. (i) Explain the reason for cooling of an engine.
(ii) Evaporative cooling system

28. Explain the following

a) MPFI, b) Catalytic converter, c) Octane Number, d) Cetane Number

29. What do you mean by blowby losses and blowdown losses?

30. What do you mean by Valve timing diagram? Draw a neat sketch of actual valve timing
diagram of a 4-stroke Petrol engine. What do you mean by valve overlap? Explain what
is meant by ignition advance.
31. What is fuel injection system? What are the various components required for fuel
injection system? Why petrol injection is popular now-a-days?
32. Explain the two types of cooling system and compare them.
33. What are the main types of gas turbines? Give the advantages of constant pressure gas
turbine over constant volume gas turbine.
34. Discuss the means of improving the efficiency of a gas turbine working on simple
Brayton cycle.
35. Prove that output of a simple gas turbine plant is positive only when the product of
compressor and turbine efficiency is greater than

( )
T 1 γ−1
T2
r γ

36. (i) Draw the actual indicator diagram of a two stroke SI Engine. How are they different
from that of a four stroke engine?
(ii) Define the term mean effective pressure and its formula.
(iii) Explain fuel-air ratio. Explain how does it varies with speed
37. An engine working on ideal Otto cycle, the ratio of temperature at the beginning of
compression is 300 K. if the ideal air standard efficiency = 0.5, calculate the compression
ratio of the engine if the peak temperature of the cycle is 1150 K, calculate the
temperature when the piston is at BDC during expansion stroke.
38. An oil engine working on the dual combustion cycle has a cylinder diameter of 20 cm
and stroke of 40 cm. The compression ratio is 13.5 and explosion ratio 1.42. Cutoff
occurs at 5.1% of the stroke. Find the air standard efficiency. Given γ =1.4
39. Find the percentage increase in the efficiency of a Diesel cycle having a compression
ratio of 16 and cutoff ratio is 10% of the swept volume, if C V decreases by 2%. Take CV =
0.717 and γ =1.4
40. Fuel supplied to an SI engine has a calorific value 42000 kJ/kg. The pressure in the
cylinder at 30% and 70% of the compression stroke are 1.3 and 2.6 bar respectively.
Assuming that the compression follows the law p V 1.3=¿ constant. Find the compression
ratio. If the relative efficiency of the engine compared with the air standard efficiency is
50%. Calculate the fuel consumption in kg/kWh.
41. A simple carburetor is designed to supply 6 kg of air per minute and 0.4 kg of fuel per
minute. The density of the fuel is 770 kg/m3. The air is initially at 1 bar and 170C.
Calculate the venturi throat diameter if the velocity of air at throat is 100 m/s. assume
Cda = 0.84m Cdf = 0.65 andγ =1.4 . If the drop across the fuel metering orifice is 0.85 of
the pressure at the throat.
42. A six cylinder, four stroke cycle engine has a bore of 8 cm and a stroke of 11 cm and
operates at a speed of 2000 rpm with volumetric efficiency of 80%. If the diameter of
the venturi section is 2.5 cm, what should be the diameter of the fuel orifice to obtain an
A/F ratio of 12:1? Assume the density of air as 1.16 kg/m3
43. A closed type injector has a nozzle orifice diameter of 1 mm and the maximum cross
sectional area of the passage between the needle cone and the seat is 2 mm 2. The
discharge coefficient for the orifice is 0.85 and for the passage is 0.80. The injection
pressure is 200 bar and the average pressure of charge during injection is 25 bar, when the
needle cone is fully lifted up. Calculate the volume rate of flow per second of fuel
through the injector and the velocity of jet at that instant. Specific gravity of fuel is 0.85.
44. A four cylinder, four stroke diesel engine develops 100 kW at 3500 rpm. Its brake
specific fuel consumption is 180 gm per kWh. Calculate the quantity of fuel to be injected
per cycle per cylinder. Specific gravity of the fuel may be taken as 0.88.
45. (i) What is meant by ignition?
(ii) What is the interrelation between ignition and combustion?
(iii) With neat sketch explain battery ignition system.
46. (i) Briefly explain the stages of combustion in SI engine elaborating the flame front
propagation
(ii) Explain the various factors that influence the flame speed.
47. (i) Mention various important qualities of a good ignition system.
(ii) With a neat sketch explain Magneto ignition system.
48. (i) Briefly explain the stages of combustion in CI engines elaborating the flame front
propagation.
(ii) Explain the various factors that influence the flame speed.
49. (i) What is delay period and what are the factors that affect the delay period?
 (ii) What do you mean by Knocking? Explain the phenomenon of knock in CI engines and
compare it with SI engine.
50. In an engine working on diesel cycle, inlet pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 170C
respectively. Pressure at the end of adiabatic compression is 35 bar. The ratio of
expansion, i.e. after constant pressure heat addition is 5. Calculate the heat addition,
heat rejection and efficiency of the cycle.
Assume γ =1.4 ,C P =1.004 kJ /kg K ∧C V =0.717 kJ /kg K .
(ii) What is meant by crankcase ventilation? Explain in detail
51. A four cylinder, four stroke diesel engine develops 28 kW at 2000 rpm. Its bsfc is 0.26
kg/kWh. Calculate the power output of the engine and its bsfc when the fuel rate is
reduced by 40% at the same speed. Mechanical efficiency is 0.80. Assume that the
indicated thermal efficiency changes linearly with equivalence ratio and there is 1%
increase in indicated thermal efficiency for 6% increase in the equivalence ratio.
Equivalence ratio at higher fuel flow rate is 0.6666.
52. A nine cylinder petrol engine of bore 150 mm and stroke 200 mm has a compression
ratio of 6:1and develops 360 kW at 2000 rpm when running on a mixture of 20% rich.
The fuel used has a calorific value of 43 MJ/kg and contains 85.3% carbon and 14.7%
hydrogen. Assuming volumetric efficiency of 70% at 170C and mechanical efficiency
90%, find the indicated thermal efficiency of the engine. Air contains 23.3% by mass of
Oxygen.
53. Determine the diameter of a gas engine cylinder to develop 18 kW when making 100
explosions per minute, gives clearance volume 1/3 swept volume, law of compression
and explosion = PV1.3, absolute maximum pressure is 3 times the absolute pressure at
the end of the stroke. Take length of stroke to be twice the bore.
54. (i) What do you mean by the term Turbocharging?
(ii) What are the advantages and disadvantages of supercharging?
(iii) Briefly explain the working of Centrifugal supercharger
55. (i) What are the advantages and limitations of liquid cooling system?
(ii) Explain the advantages and limitations of air cooling system.

56. (i) What are the various desired properties of a lubricant and explain how additives help
to achieve the desired properties
(ii) Explain the various method of lubrication and their functions

57. A gas turbine plant has air being supplied at 1 bar, 270C to compressor for getting
compressed upto 5 bar with isentropic efficiency of 85%. Compressed air is heated upto
1000 K in combustion chamber where also occurs a pressure drop of 0.2 bar.
Subsequently expansion occurs to 1 bar in turbine. Determine isentropic efficiency of
turbine, if thermal efficiency of plant is 20%.
58. In a gas turbine installation air is supplied at 1 bar, 270C into compressor having
compression ratio of 8. The air leaving combustion chamber is heated upto 1100K and
expanded upto 1 bar. A heat exchanger having effectiveness of 0.8 is fitted at exit of
 turbine for heating the air before its inlet into combustion chamber. Assuming
polytropic efficiency of the compressor and turbine as 0.85 and 0.90 determine the cycle
efficiency, work ratio and specific work output of the plant. Take Cp = 1.0032 kJ/kg K for
air.
59. In an air standard Brayton cycle the minimum and maximum temperature are 300K and
1200 K, respectively. The pressure ratio is that which maximizes the network developed
by the cycle per unit mass of air flow. Calculate the compressor and turbine work, each in
kJ/kg of air, and thermal efficiency of the cycle.
60. In a gas turbine plant air is compressed from 1.01 bar and 15 0C through a pressure ratio of
4:1. It is then heated to 650 0C in a combustion chamber, and expanded back to
atmospheric pressure. Calculate the cycle efficiency and work ratio if a perfect heat
exchanger is employed the isentropic efficiencies of the turbine and compressors are 0.85
and 0.80 respectively.
61. A gas turbine plant operates between 2 ata and 9 ata with minimum and maximum cycle
temperatures of 250Cand 12500C. The two stage compressor is provided with perfect
intercooling and work is equally divided between the two stages. Gases are reheated to
12500C after the HP turbine and then expanded in the LP turbine such that the output is
equally divided between the two. Calculate:
a) Cycle efficiency without regeneration.
b) Cycle efficiency with 65% regeneration.
c) Cycle efficiency with ideal regeneration.