State and education in

society
Jess A. Aba
12-GAS
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY AND POLITICS
 LESSON 1:
Forms and function of state and non-state
 What is STATE?

-State, a political organization of society the body politic the institution of government the
country is a form of human association distinguished from other social groups by its purpose
the establishment of order and security its method the laws and their anforcement its territory
the area of jurisdiction or geographic boundaries and its sovereigntyThe state consists, of the
agreement of the individuals on the means whereby disputes are settled in the form of laws. In
such countries as the United States, Australia, Nigeria, Mexico, and Brazil, the term state (or a
cognate) also refers to political units, not sovereign themselves, but subject to the authority of
the more significant state or federal union. What are non-state institutions? A group of people
or any organizations which are not affiliated with the national government. Sometimes called a
non-state entity. For instance, these nonstate institutions are private banks, private corporations,
cooperatives, nongovernmental organizations (NGO) and Trade Unions. These institutions have
several functions and roles in our society as part of the nation-building.
 What are non-state institutions?
-A group of people or any organizations which are not affiliated with the national government.
Sometimes called a non-state entity. For instance, these non-state institutions are private banks,
private corporations, cooperatives, non-governmental organizations (NGO) and trade Unions.
These institutions have several functions and roles in our society as part of the nation-building,
 Four Elements of the state
-1.) people 3.) sovereignty
2.) territory 4.) government.

- Four Elements of the State Sovereignty is understood as the inherent power of a state to control
its internal or domestic affairs without external interference. As a sovereign state, the Philippines
possesses coequal status with the other independent states in terms of rights, privileges, obligations and
duties imposed by international law. One of the obligations of every state is to respect coequal states by
not meddling in the others internal affairs. This includes the manner and method on how they control
its government. Philippines is a sovereign and independent state.
 Theories of the State

- Most political theories of the state can roughly be classified into two categories. The first,
which includes liberal or conservative theories, treats capitalism as a given, and concentrates on
the function of states in a capitalist society. Theories of this variety views the state as a neutral
entity distinct from both society and the economy("Government and the State | Boundless
Sociology." Lumen Learning – SimpleBook Production.
 Marxist Theory

-Marxist theory, emphasizes the relationship between economic power and political power.
Marxists view the state as the organizing committee of the ruling class. It is the instrument through
which the ruling class coordinates and exercises its rule of the other classes, and thereby maintains its
status as the ruling class. For Marxist theorists, the role of the non-socialist state is determined by its
function in the global capitalist order. Marx’s early writings portrayed the country as “parasitic,” built
upon the superstructure of the economy and working against the public interest. Anarchism The term
anarchism is derived from the negation of the Greek term arché, which means first principle,
foundation, or ruling power.
 Anarchism

- Anarchism The term anarchism is derived from the negation of the Greek term arché,
which means first principle, foundation, or ruling power. It is a political philosophy that
considers states immoral and instead promotes a stateless society – anarchy. Anarchists believe
that the state is inherently an instrument of domination and repression, no matter who is in
control of it. They also believe that the state apparatus should be completely dismantled and an
alternative set of social relations created, which would be unrelated to state power.
 Pluralism

- Pluralists view society as a collection of individuals and groups competing for political
power. An example of pluralism is a society where people with different cultural backgrounds
keep their tradition. They view the state as a neutral body that enacts the will of whichever
group dominates the electoral process. Within the pluralist tradition, Robert Dahl developed the
theory of the state as a neutral arena for contending interests. He also viewed governmental
agencies as merely another set of competing interest groups. The pluralist approach suggests
that the modern democratic state acts in response to pressures that are applied by a variety of
related interests. Dahl called this kind of state a polyarchy(Krouse 1982).
 Lesson 2:
Functions and Importance of
Education in the society
 The function of Education

• - Functional theory stresses that education serves in fulfilling a society’s various needs and
feasibly the most important function of education is socialization. The French sociologist
Émile Durkheim (1858–1917), established the academic discipline of sociology,
characterized schools as “socialization agencies that teach children how to get along with
others and prepare them for adult economic roles”. Indeed, it seems that schools have taken
on this responsibility in full. If children are to learn the norms, values, and skills they need to
function in society, then education is a primary vehicle for such learning. Schools teach the
three Rs (reading, ‘riting, ’rithmetic), as we all know, but they also teach many of the society’s
norms and values.
 -A second function of education is social integration. For a society to work, functionalists say,
people must subscribe to a common set of beliefs and values. As this development was a goal of the
system of free, compulsory education that developed in the nineteenth century.
- A third function of education is social placement. Beginning in grade school, students are
identified by teachers and other school officials either as bright and motivated or as less bright and
even educationally challenged. Depending on how they are identified, children are taught at the level
that is thought to suit them best. In this way, they are presumably prepared for their later stations in
life. Whether this process works as well as it should, is an important issue, and we explore it further
when we discuss school tracking later in this chapter.
 -Social and cultural innovation is a fourth function of education. Our
scientists cannot make important scientific discoveries, artists and thinkers
cannot come up with great works of art unless they have been educated in the
many subjects they need to know for their chosen path. Schools ideally perform
many important functions in modern society. These includes socialization,
social integration, social placement, and social – cultural innovation.
Functionalists view education as an important social institution that contributes
both manifest and latent functions.
 Importance of Education

-Educational institutions are important in reproducing the existing belief system and
practices of a particular society. It accomplishes this goal by allotting to the individual learners
the roles they need to fulfill as adult members of society. Horace Mann, an American
educational reformer, proposed that education could cure ills. He believed that education is the
great equalizer by giving the people the knowledge and technical skills to participate in national
development. Education is one of the most pervasive institutions that determines one’s future
status. Hence, many people believe in education-based meritocracy or the belief that education
is the great equalizer and the key to succeed.