Lesson 1 – ‫الَّد ْر ُس األَّو ُل‬

This is… - ‫َه ٰـَذ ا‬...

Introduction - ‫ُمَق ِّد َمٌة‬
 Please read the sentences below. After completing the sentences we shall go over the rules
for this lesson.

 In Part 1 of Lesson 1 we learn how to use the pronoun ‫ هَٰـَذ ا‬which means 'This' (called
the demonstrative pronoun in grammar). /Hādhā/ is pronounced ‫ َه اَذا‬but is written without
the first /alif/. The second word is the noun (object) being referred to, e.g.: ‫ َبْيٌت‬means
house.

‫ِك‬ ‫َه ٰـَذ ا َمْس ِج ٌد‬.

‫َه ٰـَذ ا َتاٌب‬. ‫َه ٰـَذ ا َباٌب‬. ‫َه ٰـَذ ا َبْيٌت‬.
This is a book This is a mosque This is a door This is a house

 Arabic has no word which is equal to the English word "is" which is referred to as a
“copula” in grammar. We can see this rule demonstrated above where we see the words

for ‫ َه ٰـ َذ ا‬and the noun/predicate ‫ َمْس ِج ٌد‬being referred to without any copula. i.e. ‫َه ٰـ َذ ا‬
‫ َمْس ِج ٌد‬If read literally this sentence would read "This a mosque", however, the word "is"
can be implied in this sentence so that it reads "This is a mosque".
 There is no word in Arabic corresponding to "a" in English as in: "This is a book". The n-
sound, i.e. the /tanwīn/ (doubled vowel sign) at the end of the Arabic noun (kitābu-n,
baitu-n, masĴidu-n) is the Arabic indefinite article corresponding to the English "a/an".

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 In-Shā’-Allâh (God-willing), we will continue practicing with some more examples of using

the phrase /hādhā/ ‫ َه ٰـَذ ا‬which means 'This is'.

‫ِم‬
‫َه ٰـَذ ا َقَلٌم‬. ‫َه ٰـَذ ا ُك ْر ِس ٌّى‬. ‫َه ٰـَذ ا ْف َتاٌح‬.
This is a pen. This is a chair. This is a key.

‫َه ٰـَذ ا َس ِر يٌر‬. ‫َه ٰـَذ ا َمْك َتٌب‬. ‫َقِم ْيٌص َه ٰـَذ ا‬

This is a bed. This is a desk. This is a shirt.

 We have learnt how to say 'This is' using the phrase /hādhā/. Now, we will learn how to
say 'What is this?' to ask a question followed by the answers to the questions In-Shā’-Allâh
(God-willing).

 In this part of lesson 1 we will learn the phrase ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬ which means "What's this". We

shall then answer the questions with the phrase we learnt in the earlier parts, i.e.

/hādhā/ ‫َه ٰـَذ ا‬.

 We will also learn the phrase ‫؟‬.....‫ َأَه ٰـَذ ا‬which means "Is this...?", for example ‫َأَه ٰـ َذ ا َبْيٌت ؟‬
which means "Is this a house?”.
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 In addition, we will learn the words for Yes and No in Arabic to answer these questions.

The word for Yes in Arabic is

‫َنَعْم‬, and the word for No in Arabic is ‫ال‬.
 As we have already learnt, the Arabic script is read from right to left, please read the
sentences below from right to left.

Picture Answer Question

‫َه ٰـَذ ا َبْيٌت‬. ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

This is a house. What is this?

‫َه ٰـَذ ا َقِم يٌص‬. ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

This is a shirt. What is this?

‫ َه ٰـَذ ا َقَلٌم‬،‫ال‬. ‫َأَه ٰـَذ ا ِم ْف َتاٌح ؟‬

No, this is a pen. Is this a key?

‫ َه ٰـَذ ا َبْيٌت‬، ‫َنَعْم‬. ‫َأَه ٰـَذ ا َبْيٌت ؟‬

Yes, this is a house. Is this a house?

‫ َه ٰـَذ ا ُك ْر ِس ٌّي‬،‫ال‬. ‫َأَه ٰـَذ ا َس ِر يٌر ؟‬

No, this is a chair. Is this a bed?

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 ‫َه ٰـَذ ا َنْج ٌم‬. ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

This is a star. What is this?

 In the next parts we will learn the phrase ‫ َمْن َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬which means "Who is this?" followed by
some more sentences to revise what we have learnt in this lesson, In-Shā’-Allâh (God
willing).

Exercise – ‫َتْد ِر يٌب‬

 In this part of the lesson, we will test the knowledge that we have learnt in this lesson so far.
 Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions. Please click on the correct option for each
question below.
 In this exercise you will not be given the meaning of sentences, please visit the earlier parts of lesson 1 to learn
the meanings if necessary.

Question 1 Question 2

‫ِك‬
‫َه ٰـَذ ا َتاٌب‬ ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬ ‫َه ٰـَذ ا َقَلٌم‬ ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬
‫َه ٰـَذ ا َقَلٌم‬ ‫َه ٰـَذ ا َنْج ٌم‬
‫ِم‬
‫َه ٰـَذ ا ُك ْر ِس ٌّي‬ ‫َه ٰـَذ ا ْف َتاٌح‬
‫َه ٰـَذ ا َبْيٌت‬ ‫َه ٰـَذ ا ُك ْر ِس ٌّي‬
Question 4
Question 3

‫َه ٰـَذ ا َقَلٌم‬ ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬ ‫َه ٰـَذ ا َنْج ٌم‬ ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

‫َه ٰـَذ ا َنْج ٌم‬ ‫َه ٰـَذ ا َقَلٌم‬

‫َه ٰـَذ ا َباٌب‬ ‫َه ٰـَذ ا َباٌب‬
‫َه ٰـَذ ا ُك ْر ِس ٌّي‬ ‫َه ٰـَذ ا ُك رِس ٌّي‬
Question 5 Question 6

‫َه ٰـَذ ا َقَلٌم‬ ‫َه ٰـَذ ا َس ِر يٌر‬

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 ‫َه ٰـَذ ا َس ِر يٌر‬ ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬
‫َه ٰـَذ ا َنْج ٌم‬ ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬
‫َه ٰـَذ ا َبْيٌت‬
‫َه ٰـَذ ا ُك ْر ِس ٌّي‬
‫َه ٰـَذ ا ُك ْر ِس ٌّي‬ ‫َه ٰـَذ ا َباٌب‬

Exercise –
‫َتْد ِر يٌب‬
 We will continue to test the knowledge that we have learnt so far in this part of the lesson In-Shā ’-Allâ h (God
willing).
 Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions. Please click on the correct option for each
question below.
 In this exercise you will not be given the meaning of sentences, please visit the earlier parts of lesson 1 to learn
the meanings if necessary.

Question 1

‫ َه ٰـَذ ا َقَلٌم‬،‫ال‬ Question 2

‫ َه ٰـَذ ا َنْج ٌم‬،‫ال‬ ‫َأَه ٰـَذ ا َقِم يٌص ؟‬ ‫ َه ٰـَذ ا َنْج ٌم‬، ‫َنَعْم‬ ‫َأَه ٰـَذ ا َنْج ٌم؟‬
‫ َه ٰـَذ ا َقِم يٌص‬، ‫َنَعْم‬ ‫ َه ٰـَذ ا َقِم يٌص‬،‫ال‬
‫ َه ٰـَذ ا ُك ْر ِس ٌّي‬،‫ال‬
‫ َه ٰـَذ ا َبْيٌت‬،‫ال‬ ‫ َه ٰـَذ ا َبْيٌت‬،‫ال‬

Question 3 Question 4

‫ َه ٰـَذ ا‬،‫ال‬ ‫َأَه ٰـَذ ا ِم ْف َتاٌح ؟‬ ‫ َه ٰـَذ ا َقَلٌم‬،‫ال‬ ‫َأَه ٰـَذ ا َبْيٌت ؟‬
‫َم ْس ِج ٌد‬ ‫ َه ٰـَذ ا َبْيٌت‬، ‫َنَعْم‬
‫ َه ٰـَذ ا َقَلٌم‬،‫ال‬ ‫ َه ٰـَذ ا ُك ْر ِس ٌّي‬،‫ال‬
‫ َه ٰـَذ ا‬، ‫َنَعْم‬ ‫ َه ٰـَذ ا َمْس ِج ٌد‬،‫ال‬
‫ِم‬
‫ْف َتاٌح‬

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‫ َه ٰـَذ ا َبْيٌت‬،‫ال‬

Exercise – ‫َتْد ِر يٌب‬

 We have practiced reading words and learning phrases and grammar. However, it is very
important to learn how to write Arabic while you are learning the language. Please read the
sentences below and write them down on a piece of paper. You have already learnt what
the sentences below mean in the earlier parts of the lesson so try to remember what they
mean also.
 In Arabic, more experienced readers do not require the vowel-marks or diacritical marks to
read the word. We have started lesson 1 showing all the vowel-marks, for

example ‫( َبْيٌت‬house) where we can see the /fatħah/, /sukūn/ and /đammah/. However,
with experience, we know from a combination of the letters used and the context of the
sentence what the word actually means. Below, the words will appear without vowel-marks
or diacritical marks (e.g. /sukūn/, /fatħah/, /kasrah/ etc). Hence, the word will be written

in Arabic as ‫بيت‬.

‫ِا‬
Read and Write ‫ ْقَر ْأ َو اْك ُتْب‬:
‫هٰـذا قلم‬. ‫هٰـذا مسجد‬. ‫هٰـذا مكتب‬.
‫هٰـذا كرسي‬. ‫ما هٰـذا؟‬ ‫هٰـذا سرير‬.
‫ما هٰـذا؟‬
‫ هٰـذا مسجد‬،‫ال‬. ‫أهٰـذا بيت؟‬
‫هٰـذا مفتاح‬.
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 In the next part of this lesson we will learn the phrase ‫ َمْن َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬which means "Who is
this?" followed by some more sentences to revise what we have learnt in this lesson, In-
Shā’-Allâh (God willing).

Who is this? - ‫َمْن َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

 In this section we shall cover the phrase ‫ َمْن َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬which means 'Who is this?'. We shall
then answer the questions and learn some more words, In-Shā'-Allâh (God willing).

Picture Answer Question

‫َه ٰـَذ ا َطِبيٌب‬. ‫َمْن َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

This is a doctor. Who is this?

‫َه ٰـَذ ا َو َلٌد‬. ‫َمْن َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

This is a boy. Who is this?

‫ِل‬
‫َه ٰـَذ ا َطا ٌب‬. ‫َمْن َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

This is a student. Who is this?

‫َه ٰـَذ ا َر ُج ٌل‬. ‫َمْن َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

This is a man. Who is this?

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 ‫ِج‬
‫َه ٰـَذ ا َتا ٌر‬. ‫َمْن َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

This is a merchant. Who is this?

 In this section we shall cover a number of the phrases we have already learnt and we shall
learn some new vocabulary.

Picture Answer Question

‫َه ٰـَذ ا َك ْلٌب‬. ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

This is a dog. What is this?

‫َه ٰـَذ ا ِقٌّط‬. ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

This is a cat. What is this?

‫ِح‬
‫َه ٰـَذ ا َم اٌر‬. ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

This is a donkey. What is this?

‫َه ٰـَذ ا ِح َص اٌن‬. ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

This is a horse. What is this?

‫َه ٰـَذ ا ِد يٌك‬. ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

This is a rooster. What is this?

‫َه ٰـَذ ا َج َم ٌل‬. ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

This is a camel. What is this?

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 Revision – ‫ُمَر اَجَعٌة‬
 In this section we shall cover a number of the phrases we have already learnt and we shall learn some new
vocabulary In-Shā '-Allâ h (God willing).

Picture Answer Question

‫َه ٰـَذ ا ُمَد َّر ٌس‬. ‫َمْن َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬

This is a teacher. Who is This?

‫ي‬ ‫ ٰـَذ ا ِم ْنِد‬،‫ال‬.

‫ٌل‬ ‫َه‬ ‫َأَه ٰـَذ ا َقِم يٌص ؟‬
Is this a shirt?
No, this is a handkerchief.

 In the next part of this lesson we will practice writing and reading skills, In-Shā '-Allâ h (God willing). Please write
out the following words below including their translation. It is important to practice writing in the duration of
this course and to be able to read without translations. If you are unsure what the words below mean, please
revisit the previous sections of this lesson, all the words below have already been covered earlier.
 You will also notice that the words below do not have vowel-marks, i.e. /đammah/, /kasrah/ and /fatħah/. The
vowel-marks have been deliberately omitted because when you read Arabic in normal literature, vowel-marks
are seldom used. The context and your experience of words will enable you to read the word properly. The
words below should be apparent without the vowel-marks as we have covered them several times already.

Read and Write ‫ِاْقَر ْأ َو اْك ُتْب‬:

(۱) ‫ما هٰـذا؟‬

(۲) ‫هٰـذا كلب‬.
‫هٰـذا قلم‬.
(۳) ‫من هٰـذا؟‬
(٤) ‫هٰـذا جمل‬.
‫هٰـذا طبيب‬.
(٦) ‫أهٰـذا ديك؟‬ (٥) ‫أهٰـذا كلب؟‬

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 ‫نعم‬. ‫هٰـذا قط‬،‫ال‬.
(٧) ‫أهٰـذا حصان؟‬
(٨) ‫هٰـذا منديل‬.
‫ال هٰـذا حمار‬.
(۱۰) ‫من هٰـذا؟‬ (٩) ‫أهٰـذا ولد؟‬

‫هذا رجل‬. ‫نعم‬.

 You have now completed lesson 1. To summarise, the areas we have covered are:

o The Demonstrative Pronoun - ‫َه ٰـَذ ا‬ 'This is…'

o The particle‫َأ‬ as in ‫؟‬...‫َأَه ٰـَذ ا‬ i.e. 'Is This a...?'

o The word ‫َما‬ which means 'what' as in ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬ - 'What is this?'

o The words for Yes and No - ‫ َنَعْم‬and ‫ ال‬respectively.

o The word ‫ َمْن‬which means 'who' as in ‫ َمْن َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬- 'Who is this?'
o Several new words - these have to be memorised as vocabulary is very important to
learn the Arabic language. The following table shows the new words that we learnt so far
in this lesson:

‫ا ُة اْل ْف َد اِت‬
Vocabulary Revision –
‫ُمَر َجَع ُم َر‬
This (this is…) ‫َهٰـَذ ا‬ Home ‫َبْيٌت‬
Door ‫َباٌب‬ Mosque ‫َمْس ِج ٌد‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِم‬
Book ‫َتاٌب‬ Key ‫ْف َتاٌح‬

Chair ‫ُك ْر ِس ٌّى‬ Pen ‫َقَلٌم‬

Desk ‫َم ْك َتٌب‬ Bed ‫َس ِر يٌر‬

Shirt ‫َقِم يٌص‬ Star ‫َنْج ٌم‬

Doctor ‫َطِبيٌب‬ Boy ‫َو َلٌد‬

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 ‫ِل‬
Student ‫َطا ٌب‬ Man ‫َرُج ٌل‬
‫ِج‬
Merchant ‫َتا ٌر‬ Teacher ‫ُمَد َّر ٌس‬
‫ِم ِد‬
Handkerchief ‫ْن يٌل‬ Dog ‫َك ْلٌب‬
‫ِقٌّط‬ ‫ِح‬
Cat (masculine) Donkey ‫َم اٌر‬
Horse ‫ِح َص اٌن‬ Rooster ‫ِد يٌك‬

Camel ‫َج َمٌل‬ Yes ‫َنَعْم‬

No ‫ال‬

 If you feel confident with the lesson covered, please move on to the next lesson where we will cover the
Demonstrative Pronoun – ‫ َذِل َك‬which means 'That is…’. The next lesson is a short and relatively straightforward
lesson, In-Shā '-Allâ h (God willing).

 We will be updating the features above to help you throughout the course In-Shā ’-Allâ h (God willing).

LESSON 2 – ‫الَّد ْر ُس الَّثاِني‬

That is.... - ‫َذِلَك‬... Introduction - ‫ُمَق ِّد َم ٌة‬

 In Part 1 of Lesson 2 we learn the noun ‫ َذِلَك‬which means 'That' (called a demonstrative pronoun in grammar). /dhā lika/ is

used to refer to objects that are further away whereas /hā dhā / is used to refer to objects that are closer.

Picture Answer Question

‫ِل‬ ‫َم ا َذِلَك ؟‬
‫َذ َك َنْج ٌم‬.

That is a star. What is That?

‫َه ٰـَذ ا َمْس ِج ٌد َو ذِلَك‬

‫َبْيٌت‬. ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا َو َم ا َذِلَك ؟‬

and This is a mosque and What is this and what is that?

that is a house.

‫َه ٰـَذ ا ِح َص اٌن َو ذِلَك‬ ‫َم ا َه ٰـَذ ا َو َم ا َذِلَك ؟‬

‫ِح‬
and ‫ ماٌر‬. What is this and what is that?

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 This is a horse and that

is a donkey.
‫ َذِلَك ِقٌٌط‬،‫ال‬. ‫َأَذِلَك َك ْلٌب ؟‬

No, that is a cat. Is that a dog?

‫ِل‬ ‫َم ا َذِلَك ؟‬
‫َذ َك َس ِر يٌر‬. What

That is a bed. is That?

‫َه ٰـَذ ا ُمَد َّر ٌس َو َذِلَك‬

‫ِِإَم اٌم‬. ‫َمْن َه ٰـَذ ا َو َمْن َذِلَك ؟‬
This is a teacher and that Who is this and who is that?
and
is an imam.

 In-Shā'-Allâh (God willing), we will continue practising the demonstrative pronoun

/dhālika/ which refers to objects that are further away.

Picture Answer Question

‫ِل‬ ‫َم ا َذِلَك ؟‬
‫َذ َك َحَج ٌر‬. That is a rock. What is That?

‫ِل‬ ‫َما َه ٰـَذ ا َو َما َذِلَك ؟‬

‫َه ٰـَذ ا ُس َّك ٌر َو َذ َك َلَبٌن‬.
and that This is sugar and that is a milk.
What is this and what is that?

 Please read the words below and then write them down on a piece of paper. Once again, this will enable
you to practice writing Arabic which is a very important part of learning the language .

‫ْك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ْأ‬ ‫ِا‬:

Read and Write ‫ُت‬
‫َر َو ْب‬ ‫ْق‬
‫َمْن َذِلَك ؟‬
‫ِل‬
‫َه ٰـَذ ا ُس َّك ٌر َو َذ َك َلَبٌن‬.
‫ِل‬
‫َذ َك ِإَماٌم‬.
‫َما َه ٰـَذ ا؟‬ ‫َأَذِلَك ِقٌّط ؟‬

‫ِل‬
‫َه ٰـَذ ا َحَجٌر‬. ‫َذ َك َك ْلٌب‬،‫ال‬.
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 ‫ا ُة اْل ْف َد اِت‬
Vocabulary Revision –
‫ُمَر َجَع ُم َر‬
English Translation Arabic

Milk ‫َلَبٌن‬

Sugar ‫ُس َّك ٌر‬

Rock ‫َحَجٌر‬
Imam (Muslim Prayer Leader) ‫ِإَم اٌم‬

Please move onto the next lesson where we cover the use of the definite article (i.e. 'the').

 We will be updating the features above to help you throughout the course In-Shā’-Allâh
(God willing).

LESSON 3 – ‫الَّد ْر ُس الَّثاِلُث‬

Definite Article – ‫َاْل‬

Introduction - ‫ُمَق ِّد َمٌة‬

 In this lesson we will learn about the definite article ‫ اْل‬which corresponds to the word
'The' in the English Language (known as the definite article in grammar as it refers to a
specific object).
 Take particular note of the change in the vowel ending when a word is changed to its
definite form, i.e. the /tanwīn/ (double vowel) which represents indefinite form e.g. (a
house) has been changed to a single /đammah/. It is hence also important to remember
that a word can never take /alif lām/ at the beginning and /tanwīn/ at the same time (i.e.
it can never be both indefinite and definite at the same time).
 Remember to always start reading the examples below from right to left. The first example
below will illustrate the change from indefinite form (e.g. a house) to definite form (e.g.
the house).

13
 ‫ اْلَمْس ِج ُد‬: ‫َمْس ِج ٌد‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬
‫ اْل َتاُب‬: ‫َتاٌب‬ ‫ اْلَق َلُم‬:‫َقَلٌم‬ ‫ اْلَبْيُت‬: ‫َبْيٌت‬
The mosque: A mosque The book: A book The pen: A pen The house: A house

 We will study some practical sentences using the definite article ‫ اْل‬which corresponds to
'the' in the English language In-Shā'-Allâh (God-Willing).

Picture Answer Question

The pen is broken. ‫اْلَق َلُم َم ْك ُس وٌر‬.

The door is open. ‫اْلَباُب َمْف ُتوٌح‬.

‫ِل‬
The boy is sitting and the ‫اْلَو َلُد َج ا ٌس َو اْلُم َد َّر ُس‬
teacher is standing. ‫َو اِقٌف‬.

 We shall continue with some more practical sentences, please make an effort to memorize
the words and common sentence structures.

Picture English Arabic

14
The book is new and the ‫اْلِكَتاُب َج ِد يٌد‬
‫ِد‬
pen is old.
‫َو اْلَق َلُم َق يٌم‬.

The donkey is small and

‫َاْلِح َم اُر َص ِغ ٌري‬
‫ِب‬ ‫ِح‬
the horse is big.
‫َو اْل َص اُن َك يٌر‬.

‫ِس‬
The chair is broken. ‫اْلُك ْر ٌّي َم ْك ُس وٌر‬.

‫اْلِم ْنِد يُل َو ِس ٌخ‬.

The handkerchief is

dirty.

The water is cold. ‫اْلَم اُء َباِر ٌد‬.

‫ِم‬
The moon is beautiful. ‫اْلَق َم ُر َج يٌل‬.

The house is near and ‫اْلَبْيُت َقِر يٌب‬

the mosque is far away. ‫َو اْلَمْس ِج ُد َبِعيٌد‬.

‫ِق‬
The stone is heavy and ‫اْلَحَج ُر َث يٌل‬
the paper is light. ‫َو اْلَو َر ُق َخ ِف يٌف‬.

15
 The milk is hot. ‫الَّلَبُن َح اٌّر‬.

The shirt is clean. ‫اْلَق ِم يُص َنِظ يٌف‬.

Exercise – ‫َتْد ِر يٌب‬

 In this section we will have multiple questions to test your understanding of the principles
we have learnt In-Shā'-Allâh (God-Willing). To answer the questions:

o Type the complete answer for the following questions by selecting the question and
using the erasable pencil.

o Write the following answers in the boxes.

o Do not use diacritics in the following cases:

§ The Alif followed by laam ‫( ال‬while the laam itself can be signed with a vowel)

§ The laam followed by alif ‫( ال‬while the Alif itself can be signed when it comes
with hamzah).

§ Do not put the small Alif on words like ‫ٰه ذا‬.

§ Do not put diacritics on long vowels.

16
 o Upon completion of all questions, go to your teacher to check your answers.

‫َض ْبِط َأ اِخ ِر اْلَك ِل اِت‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ْأ‬ ‫ر‬‫ْق‬‫ِا‬

‫َم‬ ‫َو‬ ‫َمَع‬ ‫ْب‬‫ُت‬ ‫َو‬
 The Arabic sentence above means "Read and write the following words again with
the correct endings". In each of the words below simply type the word again using the
the erasable pencil e.g. /masĴid/ = masĴidun/ as below:

ٌ‫َمْس ِج د = َمْس ِج د‬
 Remember: a word can be either definite (with /alif lām/ but not /tanwīn/) or indefinite
(with no /alif lām/ but with /tanwīn/). The proper pronunciation (and hence answers) can
be heard by from you teacher, but please don't proceed to the next part until you have
attempted to complete the exercise so that you may benefit In-Shā'-Allâh (God willing).

‫َم اء‬ ‫اْلَم اء‬

Type Type
here: here:

‫اْلَمْس ِج د‬ ‫َقَلم‬
Type Type
here: here:

‫َباب‬ ‫اْلَبْيت‬
Type Type
here: here:

17
 ‫َقِم يص‬ ‫اْلَك ْلب‬
Type Type
here: here:

‫اْلَق َلم‬ ‫اْلَو َلد‬

Type Type
here: here:

‫اْلَحَج ر‬ ‫َو َلد‬

Type Type
here: here:

‫اْلِح َص ان‬ ‫اْلِح َم ار‬

Type Type
here: here:

‫ِح َم ار‬ ‫ِح َص ان‬

Type Type
here: here:

18
 Exercise – ‫َتْد ِر يٌب‬
 In this section we will have multiple questions to test your understanding of the principles
we have learnt In-Shā'-Allâh (God-Willing). To answer the questions:

o Type the complete answer for the following questions by selecting the question
and using the erasable pencil.
o Write the following answers in the boxes.
o Do not use diacritics in the following cases:

§ The Alif followed by laam ‫( ال‬while the laam itself can be signed with a
vowel)

§ The laam followed by alif ‫( ال‬while the Alif itself can be signed when it
comes with hamzah).

§ Do not put the small Alif on words like ‫ٰه ذا‬.

§ Do not put diacritics on long vowels.

o Upon completion of all questions, go to your teacher to check your answers.

‫ْك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ْأ‬ ‫ِا‬

‫ُت‬
‫َر َو ْب‬ ‫ْق‬
 The Arabic sentence above means "Read and write". In each of the sentences below
simply type the words again using the erasable pencil as in the previous questions and
including the vowel-marks which have been omitted.

19
 ‫المدرس جديد‬ ‫المكتب مكسور‬
‫‪Type‬‬ ‫‪Type‬‬
‫‪here:‬‬ ‫‪here:‬‬

‫اللبن بارد‬ ‫القميص وسخ‬

‫‪Type‬‬ ‫‪Type‬‬
‫‪here:‬‬ ‫‪here:‬‬

‫الحجر كبير‬ ‫المسجد مفتوح‬

‫‪Type‬‬ ‫‪Type‬‬
‫‪here:‬‬ ‫‪here:‬‬

‫اإلمام جالس والمدرس واقف‬ ‫اللبن بارد والماء حار‬

‫‪Type‬‬ ‫‪Type‬‬
‫‪here:‬‬ ‫‪here:‬‬

‫المنديل نظيف‬
‫‪Type‬‬
‫‪here:‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
 Exercise – ‫َتْد ِر يٌب‬
In this section we will have multiple questions to test your understanding of the principles we have learnt In-Shā '-Allâ h

(God willing).

.Fill in the blanks in the questions below by using one of the possible options in the top section (below). Pick up the
question you would like to answer, then choose on the correct option from the blocks above the questions area to
complete the answer – you will find the blank in the question is replaced with your selected option then write the
correspond answer after the given subject at the blank. Upon completing all the questions, review it and go to your
teacher to see the correct answers and obtain your mark.

‫ِا ِأل اْلَف اَغ ِفي ا ِلي ِب ْض ِع اْلَك ِل ِة اْل َناِس ِة ِم اْلَك ِل اِت الَّتاِل ِة‬
‫َي‬ ‫َم ُم َب َن َم‬ ‫َم َي َو‬ ‫ْم َر‬
 The Arabic sentence above means "Fill in the blanks with the words given". For each of the sentences, type
out the full sentence using the words below - e.g. for the first question, click on the question and type as below
(include vowel-marks).

‫ج َثِق‬
‫اْلَح َُر ٌل‬
‫ي‬
 The words to use to complete the sentences are:
 Once again - by understanding and listening from teacher you can obtain the correct answer to the question.
Please do not do this until you have attempted the exercise.

‫َج ِم يٌل‬ ‫َو ِس ٌخ‬ ‫َم ْفُتوٌح‬ ‫َح اٌّر‬ ‫َثِقيٌل‬ ‫َخ ِفيٌف‬

__________ ‫اْلَباب‬ __________ ‫اْلَحَج ُر‬

__________ ‫اْلَو َر ُق‬ __________ ‫اْلَق َمُر‬

__________ ‫الَّلَبُن‬ _________ ‫ِم ِد‬

‫اْل ْن يُل‬

21
 Exercise – ‫َتْد ِر يٌب‬
 In this section we will have multiple questions to test your understanding of the principles we have
learnt In-Shā '-Allâ h (God willing). To answer the questions:

o Type the complete answer for the following questions by selecting the question and using
the erasable pencil.
o Put the vowels or use full diacritics in your answers – e.g. fathah, kasrah, sukū n etc.
o Do not use diacritics in the following cases:

§ The Alif followed by laam ‫( ال‬while the laam itself can be signed with a vowel)
§ The laam followed by alif ‫( ال‬while the Alif itself can be signed when it comes with
hamzah). § Do not put the small Alif on words like ‫ٰه ذا‬.
§ Do not put diacritics on long vowels.

 Upon completion of all questions, review it and go to your teacher to see the correct answers and obtain
your mark.

‫ِإ ِأل اْلَف اَغ ِفي ا ِلي ِب ْض ِع َك ِل ٍة َناِس ٍة‬

‫َم ُم َب‬ ‫َم َي َو‬ ‫َر‬ ‫ْم‬
. The Arabic sentence above means "Fill in the blanks with a suitable word". For each of the questions below,
type out the full sentence starting with the word in the bracket followed by the word noted. E.g. for the
first question, choose the question and type as below (include vowel-marks).

ٌ‫َاْلَق ِم يُص َنِظ يف‬

22
 ‫ َمْك ُس وٌر‬......... ‫ َنِظ يٌف‬.........
(The pen) (The handkerchief)

‫ َج ِد يٌد‬......... ‫ِد‬
‫ َق يٌم‬.........
(The bed) (The house)

‫ َقِر يٌب‬......... ‫ َباِر ٌد‬.........

(The mosque) (The water)

‫ َو اِقٌف‬......... ‫ َبِعيٌد‬.........
(The teacher) (The moon)

‫ِب‬ ‫ِل‬
‫ َك يٌر‬......... ‫ َج ا ٌس‬.........
(The stone) (The pen)

The Moon and Sun Letters - ‫َاْلُح ُر وُف اْلَق َم ِر َّيُة َو اْلُح ُر وُف الَّش ْم ِس َّية‬
 In this section we will learn some new vocabulary and we shall also learn the rules relating
to the sun and moon letters. The most important point to understand with this rule is that
it governs the spoken (pronunciation) Arabic and not the written word.

23
 Arabic has 28 letters. Of these 14 letters are called Solar Letters, and the other 14 are
called Lunar letters. In the articulation (speaking) of the Solar letters, the tip or blade of
the tongue is involved as in t, n, r, s, etc. The tip or blade of the tongue does not play any
part in the articulation of the Lunar Letters as in b, w, m, k etc.
 When /alif-lām/ “al” is prefixed to a noun beginning with a Solar letter, the “l” of “al” is
assimilated (joined) to the Solar Letter, e.g. al-shamsu (the sun) is pronounced /ash-
shamsu/.

 No change takes place in writing

‫َالَّش ْم ُس‬. The assimilation is indicated by the /shaddah/

on the first letter of the noun after “al”.

 No such assimilation takes place with the Lunar Letters, e.g. /al-qamaru/ (the moon) is

pronounced /al-qamaru/
‫َاْلَق َم ُر‬. Here are some more examples of the assimilation of the “l”
of “al” to the Solar Letters (don't worry about the meanings of the words yet):

o /al-naĵmu/ becomes /an-naĵmu/.

o /al-raĵulu/ becomes /ar-raĵulu/.
o /al-dīku/ becomes /ad-dīku/.
o /al-samaku/ becomes /as-samaku/.

 Note that the “a” of “al” is pronounced only when it is not preceded by another word. If it
is preceded by a word it is dropped in pronunciation, though it remains in writing, e.g.
/wal-baitu/. Here the “a” is dropped and the phrase is pronounced /wal-baitu/ not /wa al-
baitu/. To indicate this omission in pronunciation, this sign: ( Low Bandwidth) is placed above
the /alif/.
 The initial vowel (a, i, or u) which is omitted when preceded by a word is called / hamzatu
l-wasl/.
 We have learnt that the /tanwīn/ is the indefinite article, and it is to be translated as “a”

e.g.:‫ َبْيٌت‬means a house. This rule does not apply to adjectives like
‫" َمْف ُت وٌح‬open",
and ‫" ْك و‬broken".
‫َم ُس ٌر‬

Exercise – ‫ي‬ ‫ِر‬

‫َتْد ٌب‬
24
 In this section we will have multiple questions to test your understanding of the principles we have learnt In-
Shā '-Allâ h (God willing).
 Choose a word from column ‫ ب‬that can be used to complete the sentence in column ‫أ‬. Pick a word in
column ‫ أ‬that you would like to answer then write the suitable answer from column ‫ب‬. Upon completing all
possible questions, review the answer and ask assistance from your teacher to see the correct answer and obtain
your mark.

)‫ِاْخ َتْر َك ِلَم ًة ِم َن اْلَق اِئَم ِة (ب) ُتَناِس ُب اْلَك ِلَم َة اَّلِتي ِفي اْلَق اِئَم ِة (أ‬
 The sentence above means "Match the words in ‫ أ‬with those in ‫”ب‬
 Please write the following answers with a pen and paper joining the letters. It is important that you practice your
writing skills in the duration of this course to master the language In-Shā '-Allâ h (God willing).

(‫)ب‬ (‫)أ‬
‫الَّطالُب‬
‫َلِذ يٌذ‬
Ans:____________________________

‫الُّد َّك اُن‬

‫َم ْك ُس وٌر‬
Ans:____________________________

‫الُّتَّف اُح‬
‫ِق‬
‫َث يٌل‬
Ans:____________________________

‫اْلَم اُء‬
‫َم ْف ُتوٌح‬
Ans:____________________________

‫اْلَحَج ُر‬
‫َم ِر يٌض‬
Ans:____________________________

25
 ‫اْلَق َلُم‬
‫حاٌّر‬
Ans:____________________________

 The sentence above means "The Moon and The Sun Letters". See section 7 (which should have already been
covered) if you do not already understand the rules relating to the sun and the moon letters. Remember, this rule
affects the pronunciation of the word and not the written form. Please listen carefully to the pronunciation. Pay
attention to how in the Sun Letters ‫َاْلُح ُر وُف الَّش ْم ِس َّيُة‬, the /lā m/ of /alif-lā m/ is assimilated to the first letter in
pronunciation. The table below covers each letter in the Arabic alphabet along with an example of a word which
starts with that letter under the relevant column depending on whether it is a sun or moon letter.

The Sun Letters The Moon Letters

‫َاْلُح ُر وُف الَّش ْم ِس َّيُة‬ ‫َاْلُح ُر وُف اْلَق َم ِر َّيُة‬

( ۱) ‫ َالَّتاِج ُر‬:‫ت‬ ۱) ‫ َاَألُب‬:‫أ‬
(

۲) ‫ َالَّثوُب‬:‫ث‬
( (۲)
‫ َاْلَباُب‬:‫ب‬
۳) ‫ َالِّديُك‬:‫د‬
( ( ۳) ‫ َاْلَج َّنُة‬:‫ج‬
‫ِح‬
(٤)
‫ َالَّذ َه ُب‬:‫ذ‬ (٤) ‫ا‬
‫ َاْل َم ُر‬:‫ح‬
( ٥) ‫ َالَّر ُج ُل‬:‫ر‬ (٥)
‫ َاْلُخ ْبُز‬:‫خ‬
٦) ‫ َالَّز ْه َر ُة‬:‫ز‬
( (٦)
‫ َاْلَعْيُن‬:‫ع‬
( ٧) ‫ َالَّس َم ُك‬:‫س‬ (٧) ‫ َاْلَغَد اُء‬:‫غ‬
۸) ‫ َالَّش ْم ُس‬:‫ش‬
( (۸) ‫ َاْلَف ُم‬:‫ف‬
( ۹) ‫ َالَّص ْد ُر‬:‫ص‬ ( ۹) ‫ َاْلَق َم ُر‬:‫ق‬
(۱۰) ‫ َالَّضْيُف‬:‫ض‬ ۱۰) ‫ َاْلَك ْلُب‬:‫ك‬
(

(۱۱)
‫ َالَّطاِل‬:‫ط‬ ۱۱) ‫ اْلَم اُء‬:‫م‬
‫ُب‬ (

26
 ۱۲) ‫ َالَّظْه ُر‬:‫ظ‬
( ۱۲) ‫ َاْلَو َلُد‬:‫و‬
(

( ۱٣) ‫ َالَّلْح ُم‬:‫ل‬ (۱٣) ‫ َاْلَه َو اُء‬:‫هـ‬

( ۱٤) ‫ َالَّنْج ُم‬:‫ن‬ ۱٤) ‫ َاْلَيُد‬:‫يـ‬
(

Exercise – ‫َتْد ِر يٌب‬

‫ِا ِأ اْلَك ِل اِت اآلِت َة اْك ُت ا اِع ا اِع َد ُنْطِق اْل وِف اْلَق ِر َّيِة‬
‫َم‬ ‫ُح ُر‬ ‫َي َو ْبَه ُمَر ًي َقَو‬ ‫َم‬ ‫ْقَر‬
‫الَّش ِس َّيِة‬
‫َو ْم‬
 The sentence above says: "Read and write the words keeping in mind the rules pertaining to the

Solar and Lunar Letters". Once again, please write the words below with a pen and paper and read the

words prior to listening on the teacher to hear the correct pronunciation. As these words have already

been covered before, the vowel-marks and diacritical marks (e.g. /fatħah/, /kasrah/, /đammah/,

/sukū n/ etc) have not been used over the letters. This is the way standard Arabic is written and it is

important to get used to this.

EXERCISE:

‫المدرس‬ ‫الديك‬ ‫البيت‬

‫السكر‬ ‫الطالب‬ ‫الباب‬

‫الكعبة‬ ‫الصالة‬ ‫القرآن‬

‫الصابون‬ ‫اإلصبع‬ ‫الرأس‬

27
‫الظهر‬ ‫الفجر‬ ‫الظفر‬

‫العشاء‬ ‫المغرب‬ ‫العصر‬

‫‪Revision -‬‬ ‫ُمَر اَجَعٌة‬

‫ُمَر اَجَعُة اْلُم ْف َر َداِت – ‪Vocabulary Revision‬‬

‫‪Sweet‬‬ ‫ُح ْلٌو‬

‫‪Sick‬‬ ‫َم ِر يٌض‬
‫‪Shop‬‬ ‫الُّد َّك اُن‬
‫‪Rich‬‬ ‫َغِنٌّي‬
‫‪Tall‬‬ ‫َطِو يٌل‬
‫ِق‬
‫‪Poor‬‬ ‫َف يٌر‬
‫ِص‬
‫‪Short‬‬ ‫َق يٌر‬

‫‪Apple‬‬ ‫الُتَّف اُح‬

‫‪Cold‬‬ ‫َباِر ٌد‬

‫‪Hot‬‬ ‫َح اٌّر‬

‫ِل‬
‫‪Sitting‬‬ ‫َج ا ٌس‬

‫‪Standing‬‬ ‫َو اِقٌف‬

‫‪28‬‬
 New ‫َج ِد يٌد‬
‫ِد‬
Old ‫َق يٌم‬

Near ‫َقِر يٌب‬

Far Away ‫َبِعيٌد‬

Clean ‫َنِظ يٌف‬

Dirty ‫َو ِس ٌخ‬

‫ِغ‬
Small ‫َص يٌر‬
‫ِب‬
Big ‫َك يٌر‬

Light ‫َخ ِف يٌف‬

‫ِق‬
Heavy ‫َث يٌل‬
Paper ‫َاْلَو َر ُق‬

Water ‫اْلَم اُء‬

‫ِم‬
Beautiful ‫َج يٌل‬

 Now that you have covered this lesson, please overview the previous lessons that you

have learned and do not forget the vocabularies and how you would use it in a correct

sentence.

 We will be updating the features above to help you throughout the course In-Shā’-Allâh

(God willing).

29
 Lesson 4 – ‫الَّد ْر ُس الَّر اِبُع‬

Introduction - ‫ُمَق ِّد َمٌة‬

In this lesson we will learn the following things:

o The rules for using prepositions (the words used to connect two or more words or

sentences) and the four most common prepositions (ask the assistant from your teacher

how it would be pronounced properly).

Englis Arabi Englis Arabi

h c h c
In ‫ِفي‬ On ‫َعَلٰى‬
‫ِم‬
From ‫ْن‬ To ‫ِإَلٰى‬

o The rule for the use of interrogative expressions - i.e. the sentences used to ask the

questions, and some of the interrogative (questioning) words like:

Englis Arabi Englis Arabi

h c h c
Where ‫َأْيَن‬ Is ‫َأ‬

What ‫َم اَذا‬ Who ‫َمْن‬

30
 o Some of the Personal pronouns - e.g.:

English Person Gender Arabic

I
1st
Masculine/Feminine ‫َأَنا‬
(person speaking)

‫َأْنَت‬
2nd
You Masculine
(person being spoken to)

2nd ‫َأْنِت‬
You Feminine
(person being spoken to)

3rd

He (person being spoken Masculine ‫ُه َو‬

about - i.e. not present)

3rd
‫ِه‬
She (person being spoken Feminine ‫َي‬
about - i.e. not present)

o The difference between the masculine and the feminine words and their punctuation and

the three ways of changing a masculine noun to the feminine.

31
 English Arabic Symbol Arabic

By adding /ta’ marbūta/

‫ة‬ ‫َخ اِلَد ُة‬

By adding /alif maqŝūra/ ‫ٰى‬ ‫َأْقَص ٰى‬

By adding /alif mamdūda/

‫اء‬ ‫َأْس َم اُء‬

o The difference between the nominal sentences (starting –originally- with a noun) and

the verbal sentences (starting –originally- with a verb):

The Nominal Sentence The Verbal Sentence

Grammatical
/Al ĵumla tul Ismiyya/ /Al ĵumla tul Fiξliyya/
term
‫اْلُجْم َلُة الاْس ِم َّيُة‬ ‫اْلُجْم َلُة اْلِف ْع ِلَّيُة‬
‫َأ ُد َذ ِإَلٰى اْل اِم ِة‬. ‫َذ َأ ُد ِإَلٰى اْل اِم ِة‬.
Arabic ‫َج َع‬ ‫ْح َم َه َب‬ ‫َج َع‬ ‫َه َب ْح َم‬

/Ahmadu dhahaba ilal /Dhahaba Ahmadu ilal

Transliteration
ĵāmiξati/ ĵāmiξati/

Literary Ahmad went to the Went Ahmad to the

Reading university university

The Cases – ‫اإلْع َر اُب‬

32
 An important part of learning any language is to learn the grammar. Grammar is the study of how

words combine to form sentences. For example, we may learn that:

o A word is written differently in the past tense as compared to the future tense.

o A word referring to a person may be different depending on the gender (male or female) of the

person being called.

o A sentence starting with a verb (action word - e.g. run, eat, drink) has different rules to a

sentence starting with a noun (object, place or thing - e.g. cat, door, man).

 Whilst the examples above are simple, one has to make an effort to understand grammar as this is a

very important part of the language and becomes more complicated later on - in particular relating to

verbs. Your emphasis should be to focus on the rules - e.g. what happens in each circumstance and over

time the terms used for each rule will become easier (both in Arabic and English) - In-Shā '-Allâ h (God

willing).

 This should be balanced with an effort to increase your vocabulary and general understanding of the

language. Our goal will be to help you to take the rules gradually and understand how they relate to

each other so that you can begin to understand the language In-Shā '-Allâ h (God-Willing).

 Cases of the nouns in the Arabic Language:

o A noun in Arabic grammar has three 'cases' which are called nominative, accusative and genitive

cases (we will cover the Arabic terms for these a bit later).
o Something will cause a word to be in one of these 'cases'. For example, where a sentence begins

with a subject noun, the noun will be in nominative case.

o There will be a consequence of a word being in a certain 'case'. In each of these cases the last

letter of the word will change to a different vowel - e.g. if the noun is in genitive case as a result

of a certain rule, the last letter of that noun will change from a /đammah/ to a /kasrah/ (this is

assuming that it is not already carrying the same vowel in which case no change will occur).
o See below for a summary of the cases and the signs used for each of these cases:

 A word being in the nominative case will end (originally) with a /đammah/ or

/đammatain/.

 A word being in the accusative case will end (originally) with a /fatħah/ or /fatħatain/.

 A word being in the genitive case will (originally) end with a /kasrah/ or /kasratain/.

33
 o At this stage it is important to understand the principle that there are causes of a word changing

to a certain case and consequences of a word being in a certain case - i.e. the change in the form

or ending of the word.

o The rules of what causes a word to be in each case and what consequences arise in each case will

be discussed and repeated throughout the course, there are many such rules and these are an

important part of learning the Arabic language. Below you will find a summary of the terms used

for each of the cases and the consequences.

Arabic term
Case Arabic term Consequence
(Transliteration)

A word in this case ends

Hālat-ur-rafξ
Nominative ‫َح اَلُة الَّر ْفِع‬ (originally) in a /đammah/

,/đammatain/

A word in this case ends

Accusative
‫َح اَلُة الَّنْص ِب‬ Hālat-un-naŝb (originally) in a

/fatħah/,/fatħatain/

A word in this case ends

Genitive ‫َح اَلُة اْلَج ِّر‬ Hālat-ul-ĵarr (originally) in a

/kasrah/,/kasratain/

 In the next part of the lesson we will learn about some prepositions used commonly in the Arabic

language In-Shā '-Allâ h (God willing). We will also learn the rules for their application.

The Prepositions - ‫ُح ُر وُف اْلَج ِّر‬

34
 In this lesson we will learn about some of the prepositions, In-Shā'-Allâh (God willing). A

preposition is a word which shows the relation of one word to another. For example,

"....the key is in the car...." or "....the book is on the table....".

 Some of the most common prepositions are:

Preposition (English) Preposition (Arabic)

In
‫ِفي‬

On ‫َعَلٰى‬
‫ِم‬
From ‫ْن‬
To ‫ِإَلٰى‬

 We will also learn about the rule applied for the use of prepositions in Arabic Language.

The following rules are applied for the use of prepositions:

1. A preposition ( ‫َحْر ُف اْلَج ِّر‬- called /harf ul ĵarr/ in Arabic) is a single letter or a word
which connects two nouns, or a verb and a noun to form a sentence. As above this is

generally showing the position of one word to another. It always precedes a word and

never follows the word.

2. A preposition always comes before a noun and it does not come before a verb.

3. The noun following a preposition is changed from nominative case to genitive case. This

means that the last letter of the word will be changed from a /đammah/ or /đammatain/

to a /kasrah/ or /kasratain/.

4. The noun followed by a preposition is called /Maĵrūr/

‫ َمْج ُر وٌر‬which means the

preposition has caused a change in its case (from nominative to genitive case) as

mentioned in the previous rule.

 Let’s look at an example‌ ‍‌(please read from right to left):

35
 Phrase (preposition before word) Word without preposition Preposition
‫ِفي اْل ْيِت‬ ‫اْلَبْيُت‬ ‫ِفي‬
‫َب‬ Arabic

In the house The house In English

 We can see here that the preposition has caused the last letter of ‫ ُت‬to change to ‫ ِت‬.
5. When a proposition precedes an indefinite noun (e.g. "a house"), the noun is affected in

the same way. As we learnt earlier, a noun which is indefinite takes two /đammahs/

(đammatain) and is also in the nominative case. The two /đammahs/ change to two

/kasrahs/ (kasratain) when a preposition comes before the noun . Let us examine the

example as above with relation to an indefinite noun:

Phrase (preposition Word without

Preposition
before word) preposition
‫ِفي ْيٍت‬ ‫َبْيٌت‬ ‫ِفي‬
‫َب‬ Arabic

In a house A house In English

36
Some more examples can be found below.

Picture: Phrase with preposition Phrase without preposition

‫ِفي َم ْطَبٍخ‬ ‫َمْطَبٌخ‬

In a kitchen A Kitchen

‫ِج ٍد‬ ‫َمْس ِج ٌد‬

‫ِإَلٰى َمْس‬
To a mosque A Mosque

‫ِم ْيٍت‬ ‫َبْيٌت‬

‫ْن َب‬
From a house A house

‫َعَلٰى ِكَتاٍب‬ ‫َتاٌب‬

‫ِك‬

On a book A book

 In this part of the lesson we will study some practical sentences using the prepositions and

understand the rules relating to prepositions.

 In Arabic language when it is required to make a noun definite, ‫ اْل‬is added to that noun.
You have also learnt in the previous lessons about the solar and the lunar letters.

 However when a preposition comes before a definite word the /alif/ - i.e. "a" sound -

of ‫ اْل‬is dropped and hence not pronounced. Please note that the "a" of "al" is pronounced
only when it is not preceded by any other word but when "al" is preceded by any word the

letter "a" is dropped and hence not pronounced.

 So we will read the sentence as /Fil Baiti/ and not /Fee Al baiti/ but this rule is applicable in

reading only and not while writing the sentence - i.e. the /alif/ will still be written but not

pronounced in spoken language.

37
 Picture Translation Transliteration Arabic

The moon is in the /Alhilālu fis Samā’- ‫اْلِه الُل ِفي الَّس اِء‬.
‫َم‬
sky. i/

‫ِإَلٰى اْلَباِب‬
To the door /Ilal bābi/

From the teacher /Minal muddarrisi/

‫ِم َن اْلُم َد ِّر ِس‬

The key is on the /Almiftāħu ξalal ‫الِم ْف َتاُح َعَلٰى اْلِكَتاِب‬.

book kitābi/

 We shall continue with some more practical sentences, please make an effort to memorise

the words and common sentence structures.

Picture Translation Arabic

A horse in the farm

‫ِح َص اٌن ِفي اْلَح ْق ِل‬

‫َالَّر ِم اْلِه ْنِد‬.

The man is from India. ‫ُج ُل ْن‬

The lion is on a rock.

‫اَألَس ُد َعَلٰى َص ْخ ٍر‬.

38
 The boy is in the ‫َاْل َلُد ِفي ال َتاِن‬.
‫ُبْس‬ ‫َو‬
garden.

 In the next part of the lesson we will go over some interrogative expressions (i.e.

expressions used for asking questions) covering the areas you have learnt in this lesson

In-Shā'-Allâh (God willing).

‫ِت‬
The Interrogation - ‫الاْس َه ُم‬
‫ا‬ ‫ْف‬
 In this part of lesson 4 we will learn about the formation of the interrogative (questioning)

expressions, In-Shā’-Allâh (God-Willing).

 We know that "Interrogative expression” is the term used to refer to a group of words

which are used to ask a question (e.g. Where is the book? What is on the book? Is the key

on the book? Who is on the rock? Etc. are all interrogative expressions and the words

which are used to ask a question are called the “Interrogative Articles" which we cover

below:

‫َأَداُة اْس ِتْف َه اٍم‬

Interrogative Article

Where…?
‫؟‬... ‫َأْيَن‬

What…?
‫؟‬...‫َماَذا‬

Is…?
‫؟‬...‫َأ‬

Who…?
‫؟‬... ‫َمْن‬

 Take a look of the following examples of interrogative expressions:

39
 Picture Translation Transliteration Arabic

Where is the key? /Ainal miftāħu?/

‫َأْيَن اْلِم ْف َتاُح ؟‬

What is on the /Mādhā ξalal ‫َماَذا َعَلٰى‬

book? kitābi?/
‫اْلِكَتاِب ؟‬

Is a key on the /A miftāħun ξalal

‫َأِم فتاٌح على‬
book? kitābi?/
‫اْلِكتاِب ؟‬

Who is in the /Man fil

‫َمْن ِفي اْلَم ْطَبِخ ؟‬
kitchen? maŧbakhi?/

What is on the /Mādhā ξalal

‫َماَذا َعَلٰى اْلَحَج ِر ؟‬
rock? ħaĵari?/

 The following are the rules governed for the use of the interrogative articles (i.e. words

used for asking questions such as where?, what? etc.):

 When an interrogative article comes before a noun, it will take the nominative case - i.e.

the last letter will be changed to a /đammah/ (if it is not already a /đammah/).

40
 Case Rule Arabic

Interrogative Article The definite noun will take one

‫أْيَن اْلِكَتاُب ؟‬
proceeding a definite noun /đammah/ on its ending letter

Interrogative Article The noun without the definite

proceeding a noun without article will take two /đammahs/ on

‫َأَياِس ٌر ِفي اْلَم ْطَبِخ ؟‬
definite Article its ending letter

The preposition will not take the

Interrogative Article nominative case when preceded by

‫َماَذا َعَلى الَّصْخ ِر ؟‬
preceding a preposition interrogative article - see below for

the reasons for this.

 A definite noun preceded by an interrogative article will take one /đammah/ and the

indefinite noun will take two /đammahs/).

 However when a preposition is preceded by an interrogative article, it will not take the

nominative case and its last letter will remain with the same ending sound. This is because

the preposition is indeclinable meaning it does not change its ending - this is an important

principle - we will learn in Arabic that some rules take precedence (priority over other

rules).

 Please take a careful look to the ending vowels of the nouns in both the interrogative

(questioning) sentences and the answering expressions in the text below.

Picture Translation Arabic

41
 ‫َأْيَن ُمَح َّم ٌد ؟‬
Where is Muhammad?

‫ َّم ٌد ِفي اْلُغ َفِة‬.

Muhammad is in the room.
‫ْر‬ ‫ُمَح‬

And where is Yasir?

‫َو َأْيَن َياِس ٌر ؟‬

Yasir is in the wash room.

‫َياِس ٌر ِفي الَح َّم اِم‬.

Where is Aminah?
‫َو َأْيَن آِم نُة؟‬

Aminah is in the kitchen. ‫آِم َنُة ِفي اْلَم ْطَبِخ‬.

Where is the book?

‫َأْيَن اْلِكَتاُب ؟‬

The book is on the desk.

‫اْلِكَتاُب َعَلٰى اْلَم ْك َتِب‬.

And where is the watch?

‫َو َأْيَن الَّس اَعُة؟‬

The watch is on the bed.

‫الَّس اَعُة َعَلٰى الَّس ِر يِر‬.

Is Muhammad in the wash

‫َأُمَح َّم ٌد ِفي اْلَح َّم اِم ؟‬
room?
‫ ِفي اْلُغ َفِة‬،‫ال‬.
‫ْر‬ ‫َبْل‬
No, but in the room.

42
 Who is in the Kitchen?
‫َمْن ِفي اْلَم ْطَبِخ ؟‬

Aminah is in the kitchen. ‫آِم َنُة ِفي اْلَم ْطَبِخ‬.

What is on the bed?

‫َم اَذا َعَلٰى الَّس ِر يِر ؟‬

The watch is on the bed.

‫الَّس اَعُة َعَلٰى الَّس ِر يِر‬.

 In the next part of the lesson we will have multiple questions /In-Shā'-Allâh/ (God-Willing)

to test your understanding of the principles we have learnt so far.

Exercise – ‫َتْد ِر يٌب‬

 In this section we will have multiple questions to test your understanding of the principles

we have learnt In-Shā'-Allâh (God-Willing). To answer the questions:

o Type the complete answer for the following questions by selecting the question and

using the erasable pencil.

o Put the vowels or use full diacritics in your answers – e.g. fathah, kasrah, sukūn

etc.

o Do not use diacritics in the following cases:

§ The Alif followed by laam ‫( ال‬while the laam itself can be signed with a
vowel)

§ The laam followed by alif ‫( ال‬while the Alif itself can be signed when it comes
with hamzah).
43
 § Do not put the small Alif on words like ‫ٰه ذا‬.
§ Do not put diacritics on long vowels.

 Upon completion of all questions, ask assistant from your teacher to obtain the correct

answer and to get your mark.

‫َض ْبِط َأ اِخ ِر اْلَك ِل اِت‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ْأ‬ ‫ِا‬

‫َم‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْقَر َو ُتْب َمَع‬
 The Arabic sentence above means "Read and write specifying the vowel ending of

the words". For each of the questions below, type out the full word or the sentence

but include the vowel marks which have been missed on the ends of the words.

 Once again, the pronunciation can only be heard by listening from your teacher, but

once again please only listen to the sentences after doing the exercises.

‫ِفي اْلَم ْد َرَس ة‬ ‫اْلَم ْد َرَس ة‬

Type here: Type here:

‫ِفي َبْيت‬ ‫َبْيت‬

Type here: Type here:

‫الَّطاِلب ِفي اْلَج اِم َعة‬ ‫ِفي اْلَم ْطَبخ‬

Type here: Type here:

44
 ‫َعلى اْلِكَتاب‬ ‫اْلَق َلم َعلى اْلَم ْك َتب‬
Type here: Type here:

‫الَّر ُج ل ِفي اْلَمْس ِج د‬ ‫الَّش ْم س َو اْلَق َمُر ِفي الَّس َم اء‬

Type here: Type here:

Exercise – ‫َتْد ِر يٌب‬

 In this section we will have multiple questions to test your understanding of the principles

we have learnt In-Shā'-Allâh (God-Willing). To answer the questions:

o Type the complete answer for the following questions by selecting the question and

using the erasable pencil.

o Put the vowels or use full diacritics in your answers – e.g. fathah, kasrah, sukūn

etc.

o Do not use diacritics in the following cases:

45
 § The Alif followed by laam ‫( ال‬while the laam itself can be signed with a
vowel)

§ The laam followed by alif ‫( ال‬while the Alif itself can be signed when it comes
with hamzah).

§ Do not put the small Alif on words like ‫ٰه ذا‬.

§ Do not put diacritics on long vowels.

 Upon completion of all questions, ask assistance from your teacher to obtain the correct

answer and to get your mark.

‫َأ َعِن اَأل ِئَلِة اآلِت ِة‬

‫َي‬ ‫ْس‬ ‫َجْب‬
 The Arabic sentence above means "Answer the following questions". In each of the

sentences below simply answer the questions based on the material you have covered in

this lesson so far using the pencil as in the previous lesson and including the vowel-

marks. Once again, upon completing the exercise you can ask any assistant from your

teacher by each sentence to obtain the correct pronunciation and hence answers.

‫َأْيَن اَألَس ُد ؟‬ ‫َأْيَن الَّس اَعُة؟‬

46
 (On the rock) (On the bed)

Type Type
here: here:

‫َو َمْن ِفي اْلَح َّم اِم ؟‬ ‫َمْن ِفي اْلُغْر َفِة؟‬
(Yasir) (Muhammad)

Type Type
here: here:

‫َأَياِس ٌر ِفي اْلَم ْطَبِخ ؟‬ ‫َأآِم َنُة ِفي اْلَم ْطَبِخ ؟‬

(No, but in the bath room) (Yes, Aminah is in the kitchen)

Type Type
here: here:

‫َم اَذا َعلى الَّس ِر يِر ؟‬ ‫َم اَذا َعلى اْلَم ْك َتِب ؟‬
(The watch) (The book)

Type Type
here: here:

47
 The masculine and the feminine - ‫اْلُم َذ َّك ُر َو اْلُم َؤ َّنُث‬
 In Arabic both living things and inanimate (non-living) things are treated as either

masculine or feminine.

 In this part of the lesson /In-Shā'-Allâh/ (God willing) we will learn about the masculine

and the feminine words. We will also learn how to change a masculine word into a feminine

word. There are three symbols which change a masculine word to a feminine word when

added on the end of a masculine word and they are:

English Arabic
Symbol of
feminine word
Feminine Masculine Feminine Masculine

‫ُة‬
Female student Male student
‫َطاِلَبـٌة‬ ‫ِل‬
‫َطا ٌب‬
(‫)ُتاٌء َمْر ُبوَطٌة‬

48
 ‫ٰى‬
‫ُيْس َر ٰى‬ ‫َأْيَسُر‬
Left (for feminine

‫)َأِلٌف َمْق ُصوَر ٌة‬

Left
words) (

‫اء‬
Noble woman Noble man
‫ِل‬ ‫َح ْس َناُء‬ ‫َح َس ٌن‬
(‫ُد وَد ٌة‬
‫)َأ ٌف َمْم‬
 It should be remembered that the penultimate (second to last) letter of a feminine word

always takes a /fatħah/.

 Following are some examples to better understand the above mentioned rules:

Picture Translation Transliteration Arabic

I am a doctor. /Anā ŧabībun/ ‫َأَنا َطِبيٌب‬.

I am a female student. /Anā ŧālibatun/

‫َأَنا َطاِلَبٌة‬.

‫َأْنَت ُمَد ِّر ٌس‬.

You are a male
/Anta mudarrisun/
teacher.

You are a lady doctor. /Anti ŧabībatun/

‫َأْنِت َطِبْيَبٌة‬.

‫ِد‬
He is an engineer. /Huwa muhandisun/ ‫ُه َو ُمَه ْن ٌس‬.
49
 She is a female nurse. /Hiya mumarriđatun/
‫ِه َي ُمَم ِّر َض ٌة‬.

Aminah is in
‫آِم َنُة ِفي‬
‫اْلَم ْطَبِخ‬.
/āminatu fil maŧbakhi/
thekitchen.

Where are you from? /Min ayna anta/

‫ِم ْن َأْيَن َأْنَت ؟‬

I am from China. /Ana min-aŝ ŝīni/

‫َأَنا ِم َن الِّص ْيِن‬.

Exercise – ‫َتْد ِر يٌب‬

 In this part of the lesson we will have some exercises in order to test your knowledge of

what you have learnt so far.

 · Choose a word from column ‫ ب‬that can be used to complete the sentence in

‫أ‬ ‫أ‬
column . Click on a word in column that you would like to answer then choose on its

suitable complement in column ‫ب‬. Upon completing all possible questions, review the

answer and ask assistance from your teacher to see the correct answer and obtain your
mark.

)‫ِاْخ َتْر َك ِلَم ًة ِم َن اْلَق اِئَم ِة (ب) ُتَناِس ُب اْلَك ِلَم َة اَّلِتي ِفي اْلَق اِئَم ِة (أ‬

 The sentence above means choose a word from column ‫ب‬that can be used to complete a
‫أ‬
sentence with a word in the column . To make this task slightly easier we have put

50
 ‫أ‬
English words in brackets in column - these are the words that need to be chosen from

the Arabic words in column ‫ب‬.

 Please write the following answers with a pen and paper joining the letters. It is important

that you practice your writing skills in the duration of this course to master the language

Insha'Allah.

(‫)ب‬ (‫)أ‬
‫الَّطالُب‬
‫ِد‬
‫َق يٌم‬ Ans:______________________________________

‫الَّطاِلَبُة‬
‫َم ْك ُس وٌر‬ Ans:______________________________________

‫اْلُم َد ِّر َس ُة‬

‫َم ْف ُتوَح ٌة‬ Ans:______________________________________

‫هذا َطِبْيٌب‬
‫َم ْغَلٌق‬
Ans:______________________________________

51
 ‫آِم َنُة‬
‫َج ِد يَد ٌة‬ Ans:______________________________________

‫ُك ْر ِس ٌّي‬
‫َص ِغيَر ٌة‬ Ans:______________________________________

‫َناِفَذٌة‬
‫َطِو يٌل‬
Ans:______________________________________

‫اْلَباُب‬
‫َطِو يَلٌة‬ (Closed)

‫اْلَح ِق يَبُة‬
‫َم ِر يٌض‬ Ans:______________________________________

‫اْلَق َلُم‬
‫َو اِقَفٌة‬ Ans:______________________________________

Sentence - ‫اْلُجْم َلُة االْس ِم َّيُة‬

 In Arabic language there are two types of sentences:

52
 o The Nominal Sentence meaning /Al ĵumla tul Ismiyya/ - this sentence starts (mostly) with a

noun.
o The Verbal Sentence meaning /Al ĵumla tul Feξliyya/ - this sentence starts (mostly) with a verb.

 Please read the following carefully and note the difference between the sentences:

The Nominal Sentence The Verbal Sentence

"Al ĵumla tul Ismiyya" "Al ĵumla tul Feξliyya"

‫اْلُجْم َلُة االْس ِم َّية‬ ‫اْلُجْم َلُة الِف ْع ِلَّيُة‬

‫أ ُد َذ إَلى اْل اِم ِة‬. ‫َذ أ ُد إَلى اْل اِم ِة‬.
Arabic ‫َج َع‬ ‫ْح َم َه َب‬ ‫َج َع‬ ‫َه َب ْح َم‬

Transliteration /Aħmadu dhahaba ilal /ĵāmiξati/ Dhahaba Aħmadu ilal /ĵāmiξati/

Literary
Ahmad went to the university Went Ahmad to the university
Reading

Arabic
‫اْلُم َد ِّر ُس َخ َر َج ِم ْن َفْص ٍل‬. ‫َخ َر َج اْلُم َد ِّر ُس ِم ْن َفْص ٍل‬.

Kharaĵa al mudarrisu min

Transliteration Al mudarrisu kharaĵa min faŝlin
faŝlin

Literary
The teacher went out of a class Went out the teacher of a class
Reading

 Two of the sentences in the above table are the nominal sentences and the other two are verbal

sentences.

 A nominal sentence is called /al ĵumla tul Ismiyya/ and a verbal sentence is called /al ĵumla tul

Feξliyya/

 A nominal sentence /al ĵumla tul Ismiyya/ follows the following rules:

53
 o It (originally) starts with a noun or a pronoun.

o It has two parts. The first part is the “subject” of the sentence and is called /Mubtada’/ and the

second part is the “predicate” and called /Khabar/.

o The subject /Mubtada’/ should always be a noun or a pronoun but it is not necessary for the

predicate /Khabar/ to be a noun or a pronoun so it may or may not be a noun.

o Each of the subject /Mubtada’/ and the predicate /Khabar/ are originally in the nominative case

i.e. the last letter takes a single /đammah/ if definite (with definite article /al/) and takes two

/dhammas/ if indefinite (without the definite article al).

o /Mubtada’/ is the subject of the sentence i.e., it represents a person or thing which is being

described in a sentence and the /Khabar/ is the description or the explanation of the /Mubtada’/

e.g., when it is said Muhammad is standing then “Muhammad” is the subject and "is standing"

describes his condition and is the predicate. Similar is the case with Arabic sentences. The

subject is highlighted in red below, the rest of the sentence is the predicate.

Translation Transliteration Arabic

‫ِل‬
Ahmad is a student /Aħmadu ŧâlibun/ ‫َأْح َم ُد َطا ٌب‬.
He is a good student. /Huwa ŧâlibun ĵayyidun/ ‫ُه َو َطاِلٌب َج ِّيٌد‬.
Muhammad went out of /Muhammadun kharaĵa ‫ َّم ٌد َخ ِم اْل اِم ِة‬.
‫َر َج َن َج َع‬ ‫َمَح‬
the university. minal ĵāmiξati/

Khalid is in the hospital. /Khâlidun fil mustashfā/

‫َخ اِلٌد ِفي اْلَمْس َتْشَف ى‬.

 In the above sentences all the words appearing in red and underlined word are the /Mubtada’/ which

must be noun or pronoun while the remaining parts of the sentences in black are the /khabar/. A

/mubtada’/ must be in the nominative case and takes –originally- single /đammah/ when definite and

two /đammas/ when indefinite.

54
 Therefore the subject /Mubtada’/ is always a single noun or pronoun, while the predicate /Khabar/

can be of the following types:

Types of / Khabar/ English Arabic

A Noun
Muhammad is a ‫ َّم ٌد َطاِل‬.
‫ٌب‬ ‫ُمَح‬
student.
/Ismun/

‫أْح َم ُد َو اِلُد ُه َذِكٌّي‬.

A nominal Sentence
Ahmad, his father is

intelligent.
/ĵumla Ismiyya/

A verbal Sentence
Khalid went to the
‫َخ اِلٌد َذَه َب إَلى‬
hospital.
‫اْلُمْس َتْشَف ى‬.
/ĵumla Fiξliyya/

An expression with a

preposition
Fatima is in the
‫َفاِط َم ُة ِفي اْلَم ْطَبِخ‬.
kitchen.
/ĵār wa Maĵrūr/

 When the /Khabar/, is a nominal sentence (/ĵumla ismiyyah/), a verbal sentence (/ĵumla fīξliyya/) or a

prepositional phrase ( /ĵā r wa maĵrū r/) it will not be signed with the main sign of the nominative case

(a /đammah/ or /đammatain/) because each word in these structures will be signed according to its

own position in the small sentence.

55
 In this section we have learnt many principles and rules. Please go over this section a few times as the

rules we have learnt are very important for understanding later lessons. Please remember that revision

is a very important part of the learning process and you have to have a foundation to build upon and

progress. If that foundation is weak, then learning the language will become more difficult. Our goal is

to make the learning process an easier and more enjoyable one, In-Shā '-Allâ h (God willing). We will

continue revising these principles so please do not worry if everything is not clear or understood at this

stage.

 In the next part of the lesson /In-Shā '-Allâ h/ we will take some exercises to test your understanding of

the lesson.

Exercises on the Nominal Sentence –

‫َتْد ِر ي َعَلٰى اْل َلِة اال ِم َّيِة‬

‫ْس‬ ‫ُجْم‬ ‫ٌب‬
. In this section we will have multiple questions /In-Shā'-Allâh/ (God-Willing), to test your

understanding of the principles we have learnt.

. Fill in the blanks in the questions below by using one of the possible options in the top section

(below). Pick up the question you would like to answer, then choose the correct option from

the blocks above the questions area to complete the answer and write the answer below the

given subject. Upon completing all the questions, ask any assistance from your teacher to

obtain the correct answers and obtain your mark.

56
 ‫َأِض ِف اْلَخ اْل َناِس ِلُك ِّل ْبَتَد ٍأ ِم اْلَك ِل اِت اآلِت ِة‬
‫َي‬ ‫َن َم‬ ‫ُم‬ ‫َبَر ُم َب‬
 The Arabic sentence above means "Add an appropriate Khabar for every Mubtada’ from the

following words". In each of the sentences below simply type the Mubtada’ (subject) followed

by the Khabar (predicate) from one of the words above.

57
 ‫ِك َتاٌب‬ ‫َم ْفُتوٌح‬ ‫َذ َهَب ِإَلى‬ ‫ِبْنٌت‬ ‫ِفي‬ ‫َخ َرَج ِم َن‬ ‫ِم َن‬ ‫َمِر يٌض‬ ‫َبْيُت‬ ‫ُم ْج َتِهٌد‬
‫ُم َقَّد ٌس‬ ‫اْلُم ْس َتْش َفى‬ ‫َطِّيَبٌة‬ ‫الَبْيِت‬ ‫اْلَفْص ِل‬ ‫الِّص يِن‬ ‫ِهللا‬

..... ‫اُألُّم‬ ..... ‫اْلَطاِلُب‬

At home Sick

Answ:___________________________________________ Answ:___________________________________________

..... ‫اْلَباُب‬ ..... ‫اْلُقْر آُن‬

Open Noble book

Answ:___________________________________________ Answ:___________________________________________

..... ‫اْلُم َه ْنِد ُس‬ ..... ‫اْلَم ِر ْيُض‬

Hardworking Went to the hospital

Answ:___________________________________________
Answ:___________________________________________

..... ‫اْلَك ْع َبُة‬ ..... ‫آِم َنُة‬

House of God A kind girl

Answ:___________________________________________ Answ:___________________________________________

..... ‫َخ اِلٌد‬ ..... ‫ُه َو‬

In the hospital From China

Answ:___________________________________________ Answ:___________________________________________

Exercises on the Nominal Sentence –

‫َتْد ِر ي َعَلٰى اْل ملِة اال ِم َّيِة‬

‫ْس‬ ‫ُج‬ ‫ٌب‬
58
 In this part of lesson we will have some exercises in order to test your knowledge for what

you have learnt so far.

 Choose a word from column ‫ ب‬that can be used to complete the sentence in column ‫أ‬.
‫أ‬
Pick a word in column that you would like to answer then choose the suitable complement

in column ‫ ب‬and write the answer below the given subject in column ‫أ‬. Upon completing

all possible questions, ask any assistance from your teacher to obtain the correct answer

and obtain your mark.

)‫اْخ َتْر َخ َبًر ا ِم ْن َقاِئَم ِة (ب) ِلُك ٍّل ِم َن اْلُم ْبَتَد آِت ِفي َقاِئَم ِة (أ‬

 The sentence above means "Choose a predicate from the column ‫ ب‬for every

‫أ‬
subject in column . Please write the following answers with a pen and paper joining the

letters. It is important that you practice your writing skills in the duration of this course to

master the language In-Shā'-Allâh (God-Welling).

(‫)ب‬ (‫)أ‬

‫الَّطالُب‬
‫وَاِقٌف‬ (in the classroom)

Ans:_____________________________________

‫اْلَّطاِلَبُة‬
‫َح َيَو اٌن َس ِر يٌع‬ (Noble)

Ans:_____________________________________

59
 ‫اْلَج َم ُل‬
‫َذَه َب إِلى الَّطِبيِب‬ (standing)

Ans:_____________________________________

‫َاْلِّديُك‬
‫َك ِبيَر ٌة‬ (on the roof)

Ans:_____________________________________

‫اْلَك ْلُب‬
‫ِفي اْلَف ْص ِل‬ (went out of the house)

Ans:_____________________________________

‫خاِلٌد‬
‫َق الَّس ْق ِف‬
‫َفْو‬ (Went to the doctor)

Ans:_____________________________________

‫َاْلِح َص اُن‬
‫َطِّيَبٌة‬ (fast animal)

Ans:_____________________________________

‫اْلَح ِد ْيَقُة‬
‫َخ ِم اْل ْيِت‬
‫َر َج َن َب‬ (Big)

Ans:_____________________________________

The Verbal Sentence - ‫اْلُجْم َلُة َاْلِف ْع ِلَّيُة‬

 In this part of lesson we will learn The Verbal Sentence In-Shā'-Allâh (God-Welling), this is

called /ĵumlatun Feξliyyatun/ ‫ ُجْم َلٌة ِفْع ِلَّيٌة‬in Arabic.

60
 Please read the following sentences carefully:

Verbal Sentence /ĵumla Fiξliyya/

‫ُجْم َلٌة ِفْع ِلَّيٌة‬

‫َذ َأ ُد ِإَلٰى اْل اِم ِة‬.
Arabic ‫َج َع‬ ‫َه َب ْح َم‬

Transliteration /đahaba Aħmadu ilal ĵāmiξati/

Literary Reading Went Ahmad to the university

Arabic
‫َخ َر َج اْلُم َد ِّر ُس ِم ْن َفْص ٍل‬.

Transliteration /Kharaĵa almudarrisu min faŝlin/

Literary Reading Went out the teacher of a class

 The two sentences above are the examples of verbal sentence /ĵumlatun Feξliyyatun/.

 A verbal sentence is called /ĵumla Feξliyya/ and the rules relating to such sentences are:

o It mostly starts with a verb.

o It has three parts.

1. The first part is a word that describes an action. This word is called "Verb" in English

language and /Fiξlun/ in Arabic. In English language the verb can be a single word or

combination of two or more words but in Arabic verb /Fiξlun/ is always a single word. A

verb generally refers to three times: Past, Present or Future. In Arabic, the verb is the

most important part of the language and therefore it is very important to learn verbs

and the verbal sentences to understand Arabic properly.

In this part of lesson we will be discussing the masculine verb used to describe
61
 something done in the past time. This type of verb is called Past Tense in English

and /Fiξlun Māđin/ ‫ ِفْع ٌل َم اٍض‬in Arabic. A masculine /Fiξlun Māđin/ always takes

accusative case but no nunation - a single /fatħah/ and no /fatħatain/. We will learn

the present and future tenses at a later stage In-Shā'-Allâh (God-Willing). Unlike
‫ِف‬
English, in Arabic language different types of the verb
‫ اْل ْع ُل‬are used for masculine and
feminine subjects, we will learn the verbs used for feminine subjects later also In-Shā’-

Allâh (God-Willing).

2. The second part of a verbal sentence /ĵumla Feξliyya/ is the person or the thing doing

the action described by the verb. This person or the thing is called Subject of the verb
‫ َفاِع‬in Arabic. A "Fāξilun" always takes nominative case -
in English and /Fāξilun/
‫ٌل‬
single /đammah/ when it is definite i.e., appearing with the definite article al -

and /đammatain/ when it is indefinite i.e., appearing without the definite article al.

3. The third part of a verbal sentence /ĵumla Feξliyya/ is the thing on which the action has

been done. This thing is called the Object in English and /Mafξūlun/ ‫ َم ْفُعْو ٌل‬in Arabic

language. A /Mafξūlun/ can be of the following types:

Types of

Object /Mafξūlun/ Arabic English

‫َمْف ُعوٌل‬

A noun
‫َأَك َل َأْح َم ُد ُتَّف اًح ا‬. Ahmad ate apples

‫َخ اِس ِم اْل ْد ِة‬.

Genitive
‫َر َج َي ٌر َن َم َر َس‬ Yasir went out of the school
Construction

‫َذَه اْلَّر ِإَلٰى اْل ْيِت‬.

‫َب‬ ‫َب ُج ُل‬
/ĵārrun wa
The man went to the home
Maĵrūrun/

62
 In the above sentences all the words appearing in red underlined word are the /Mafξūlun/

which might be a noun or the genitive construction /ĵārrun wa Maĵrūrun/.

 When a /Mafξūlun/ is a noun it always takes accusative case i.e., it will be originally

signed with a single /fatħah/ when appearing definite - (i.e. with the definite article al) -

and double /fatħah/ (fatħatain) when appearing indefinite (i.e. without the definite article

al). However when the object /Mafξūlun/ is an expression with preposition /ĵārrun wa

Maĵrūrun/ then it takes the genitive case as a result of the preposition.

 We will have some tests in the next part of the lesson to test your understanding In-Shā’-

Allâh (God-Welling).

Exercises on the Verbal Sentence -

‫َتْد ِر ي َعَلٰى اْل َلِة اْلِف ِلَّيِة‬

‫ْع‬ ‫ُجْم‬ ‫ٌب‬
 In this section we will have multiple questions to test your understanding of the principles we have

learnt In-Shā '-Allâ h (God-Willing). To answer the questions:

o Type the complete answer for the following questions by selecting the question and using the

erasable pencil.

o Put the vowels or use full diacritics in your answers – e.g. fathah, kasrah, sukū n etc.

o Do not use diacritics in the following cases:

§ The Alif followed by laam ‫( ال‬while the laam itself can be signed with a vowel)

§ The laam followed by alif ‫( ال‬while the Alif itself can be signed when it comes with hamzah).

§ Do not put the small Alif on words like ‫ٰه ذا‬.

§ Do not put diacritics on long vowels.

o Upon completion of all questions, further ask any assistance from your teacher to obtain the

correct answer and to get your mark.

63
 ‫َأِج ْب َعِن اَألْس ِئَلِة اآلِتَيِة ُمْس َتِعيًنا ِبالُّصَو ِر‬

 The Arabic sentence above means "Answer the following questions taking help from the pictures”

and include the vowel ending of the words. For each of the questions below, type out the full sentence

with the vowel endings.

‫ِم ْن َأْيَن َأْنَت ؟‬

(‫)اْلِه ْند‬ ‫َأَأْنَت ِم َن اْلِفِلِّبيِن ؟‬

(‫)إْنِكْلِتَر ا‬
Type here:

Type here:

‫ِم ْن َأْيَن َأْنَت ؟‬ ‫ِم ْن َأْيَن َأْنَت ؟‬

(‫)اْلِه ْند‬
(‫)اْلِه ْند‬

Type here:

Type here:

‫َأْيَن َذَه َب َعَّباٌس ؟‬

64
 (‫)اْلَبْيت‬

Type here:

‫َتْد ِر ي َعَلٰى اْل َلِة اْلِف ِلَّيِة‬

Exercises on the Verbal Sentence - ‫ْع‬ ‫ُجْم‬ ‫ٌب‬
 In this section we will have multiple questions to test your understanding of the

principles we have learnt In-Shā'-Allâh (God willing).

 Fill in the blanks in the questions below by using one of the possible options in the top

section (below). Pick the question you would like to answer (this will be highlighted),

then choose the correct option from the blocks above the questions area to complete

the answer – you will find the blank in the question is replaced with your selected

option. Upon completing all the questions, ask further assistance from your teacher to

obtain the correct answers and obtain your mark.

‫ا ِأل اْلَف اَغ ِفي ا ِلي ِب ْض ِع َك ِل ٍة َناِس ٍة‬

‫َم ُم َب‬ ‫َم َي َو‬ ‫ْم َر‬
 The Arabic sentence above means "Fill in the blanks with a suitable word". For

each of the questions below, please type out the full sentence below each section,

filling the blanks with the words from the list above.

‫َخ َرَج‬ ‫ِفي‬ ‫َعلى‬ ‫ِإَلى‬ ‫َأْنِت‬ ‫َأْنَت‬ ‫ِهَي‬ ‫ُهَو‬

‫ اْلُم َد ِّر ُس ِم َن اْلَف ْص ِل‬..... ‫ اْلُم ِد ْيِر‬..... ‫َذَه َب الَّطاِلُب‬

Ans:___________________________ Ans:___________________________

‫ َذَه َب ِإَلى اْلَف ْص ِل‬..... ‫ اْلَم ْك َتِب‬..... ‫اْلِكَتاُب‬

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 Ans:___________________________ Ans:___________________________

‫ ُمَد ِّر َس ٌة‬..... ‫اْل ِق ي ِة‬ ..... ‫اْلِكَتاُب‬

‫َح َب‬
Ans:___________________________
Ans:___________________________

‫ َج اِلَس ٌة‬..... ‫ ِم َن اْلَياَبان‬.....

You (feminine) You (masculine)
Ans:___________________________ Ans:___________________________

Exercise – ‫َتْد ِر يٌب‬

 In this part of the lesson, we will test the knowledge that we have learnt in this lesson so

far.

 Choose the correct answer for each of the following questions. Please select the correct

option for each question below. Upon completion, ask any assistance from your teacher to

get the correct answers and to obtain your mark.

Question 1 Question 2

‫َح اَلُة الَّر ْفِع‬ ‫اْلُجْم َلُة االْس ِم َّيُة‬

‫َح اَلُة الَّنْص ِب‬
What is genitive case in
‫اْلُجْم َلُة اْلِف ْع ِلَّيُة‬ The nominal sentence is

‫ِفْع ٌل َم اٍض‬
Arabic? called....
‫َح اَلُة اْلَج ِّر‬
‫اْلُجْم َلُة االْس ِم َّيُة‬ ‫َم ْف ُعوٌل‬
Question 3 Question 4
‫ُمْبَتَد ٌأ‬ ‫َخ َبٌر‬
‫َحْر ُف اْلَج ِّر‬ ‫ِع‬
The Preposition is ‫َفا ٌل‬ The subject of a
nominal sentence is
called....

‫َخ َبٌر‬ ‫ُمْبَتَد ٌأ‬ called....

‫َأَداُة االْس ِتْف َه اِم‬ ‫َم ْف ُعوٌل‬

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 Question 5 Question 6

‫ُمْبَتَد ٌأ‬ ‫َم ْف ُعوٌل‬

‫َخ َبٌر‬ The interrogative
(questioning) article is
‫َم ْج ُر وٌر‬ The second part of a
nominal sentence is

‫َحْر ُف اْلَج ِّر‬ called.... ‫َفاِع‬ called....

‫ٌل‬
‫َأَداُة االْس ِتْف َه اِم‬
‫اْلَخ َبُر‬

Revision - ‫ُمَر اَجَعٌة‬

‫ا ُة اْل ْف َداِت‬
Vocabulary Revision –
‫ُمَر َجَع ُم َر‬

English Arabic English Arabic

The university
‫اْلَج اِم َعُة‬ The school
‫اْلَم ْد َر َس ُة‬

Japan
‫اْلَياَباُن‬ China ‫الِّص ْيُن‬

‫اْلِه ْنُد‬ ‫ِد‬

India The director ‫اْلُم ْيُر‬

The garden
‫اْلُبْس َتاُن‬ The farm ‫اْلَح ْق ُل‬

The rock ‫الَّصْخ ُر‬ The lion ‫اَألَس ُد‬

The class room ‫اْلَف ْص ُل‬ The room

‫اْلُغْر َفُة‬

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 The toilet ‫اْلِم ْر َح اُض‬ The wash room ‫اْلَح َّم اُم‬

The watch
‫الَّس اَعُة‬ The kitchen ‫اْلَم ْطَبُخ‬

He went ‫َذَه َب‬ He went out ‫َخ َر َج‬

On ‫َعَلٰى‬ In
‫ِفي‬

‫ِم‬
From ‫ْن‬ To ‫ِإَلٰى‬

Is…?
‫َأ‬ Where ‫َأْيَن‬

I
‫َأَنا‬ What
‫َماَذا‬

‫َأْنِت‬ ‫َأْنَت‬
You (Feminine) You (Masculine)

‫ِه‬
She ‫َي‬ He ‫ُه َو‬

Verbal Sentence
‫ُجْم َلٌة ِفْع ِلَّيٌة‬ Nominal Sentence
‫ُجْم َلٌة اْس ِم َّيٌة‬

‫َح اَلُة الَّنْص ِب‬ ‫َح اَلُة الَّر ْفِع‬

Accusative Case Nominative Case

The Cases ‫اإلْع َر اُب‬ Genitive Case

‫َح اَلُة اْلَج ِّر‬

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 The bed ‫الَّس ِر يُر‬ Preposition
‫َحْر ُف اْلَج ِّر‬

A loctor ‫َطِبيٌب‬ A lady doctor

‫َطِبيَبٌة‬

A female engineer
‫ُمَه ْنِد َس ٌة‬ An engineer
‫ِد‬
‫ُمَه ْن ٌس‬

A lady nurse
‫ُمَم ِّر َض ٌة‬ A mother
‫ُأٌّم‬

The hospital ‫اْلُمْس َتْشَف ٰى‬ Nice

‫َج ِّيٌد‬

Hard working
‫ُمْجَتِه ٌد‬ Intelligent ‫َذِكٌّي‬

‫ِك‬
An apple ‫ُتَّف اٌح‬ Noble Book ‫َتاٌب ُمَق َّد ٌس‬

Drank ‫َش ِر َب‬ Ate ‫َأَك َل‬

 We will be updating the features above to help you throughout the course

In-Shā’-Allâh (God willing).

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