Physical Education- instruction of physical
exercise
-related to maintaining human body
-develops competence and confidence
Physical Fitness- state of health and well-
being
-generally achieved through proper nutrition
To be health we need
 HAPPINESS > GOOD DIET
 SLEEP > EXERCISE
 WATER
HEALTH- state of absolute physical,
mental & social well-being
-test design to measure physical strength
Component of Physical Fitness
 Health Related Fitness- improve
body condition & well-being
CARDIOVASCULAR
FITNESS/ENDURANCE- heart rate
MUSCULAR STRENGTH- exert force
MUSCULAR ENDURANCE- continue to
perform
BODY COMPOSITION- body fat to lean
mass
 Skill Related Fitness- have a
relationship with motor skills
SPEED- quick movement
AGILITY- change direction
BALANCE- maintain posture
COORDINATION- hand & foot
integration
POWER- combination of speed & strength
REACTION TIME- response
WARM-UP EXERCISE (stretching)-
improve performance
-decrease your risk injuries
2 ways of warm-up exercise
 Dynamic stretching- move into
another
 Static Stretching- stay on your
place
MUSCULAR SYSTEM- movement of an
organ/body
SKELETAL MUSCLE- move bones
CARDIAC MUSCLE- heart to pumps
blood
SMOOTH MUSCLE- contract without any
voluntary control
Voluntary muscles- can be controlled by
our conscious thought. – skeletal muscle
Involuntary muscles- do not require
conscious thought. -Cardiac muscle, Smooth
muscle
FRONTALIS - responsible for raising the
eyebrows
Orbicularis Oculi - a muscle located in the
eyelids.
Zygomaticus - muscle that controls facial
expression
Masseter- the elevation of the mandible
Orbicularis Oris - to close the mouth
Sternocleidomastoid - a muscle that runs
from the base of the skull
Latissimus dorsi- the lower posterior
thorax.
 External abdominal- superficial of the PERONEUS LONGUS - Produce the
lateral abdominal muscles. plantarflexion
Rectus Abdominis- six-pack HAMSTRING MUSCLES - extend the hip
and flex the knee
Deltoid- triangular shoulder muscle.
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR - the largest of
Pectoralis Major- largest muscle of the
four muscles
anterior chest wall.
Extensor Digitorum Longus - located
Biceps brachii- large, thick muscle on the
lateral to the tibialis anterior
ventral portion of the upper arm.
ACHILLES TENDON - thick cord you can
Flexor carpi ulnaris - a superficial flexor
feel at the back of your ankle
muscle of the forearm
POLYMYOSITIS (PM)- is marked by
Triceps Brachii - the extension of the elbow
muscle inflammation and weakness.
joint.
MYOSITIS simply means inflammation of
Flexor Digitorium Superficialis - flexes
muscles.
the middle phalanges
DERMATOMYOSITIS (DM)- is a rare
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM COMMUNIS
inflammatory muscle disease.
- extends medial four digits
Muscular Dystrophy (MD) is a group of
EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS - to
inherited myopathies
extend and adduct the wrist.
SKELETAL SYSTEM-framework of the
EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE -
body
movement of the spine.
 AXIAL SKELETON (80 bones)
SATORIUS - important part in stabilisation
 APPENDICULAR
of the pelvis
SKELETON(126 bones)
ILIOPSOAS - external rotation of the hip
Skull- 22 bones
joint
Cranial Bones- 8 bones
ADDUCTOR LONGUS - to adduct the
thigh Facial Bones- 14 bones
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP - Ossicles- small bones your middle
Extend the leg at the knee joint
ear
GLUTEUS MEDIUS - Assists in flexion &
•Hyoid bone of your neck
medial rotation of hip
•Vertebra- (bones of your spine)
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS - main extensor of
the hip joint •Thoracic cage (Ribcage)
GASTROCNEMIUS - to plantarflex your
ankle.
  PECTORAL GIRDLE
Clavicles -collarbones/long s-shaped
Scapula- shoulder blades/flat triangles
 UPPER LIMB
Humerus- upper arm bone
Shaft- surrounded by large arm
Deltoid tuberosity- lies proximally
Radial Groove- shallow oblique depression
Radial Nerve- brachial plexus
Ulna (medial) Radius (lateral)
Metacarpals Bone- five long bones in hand
Limb- is a jointed, muscled appendage
 LOWER LIMB
Femur (thigh) - the longest, strongest bone
in your body
Patella (kneecap) - covers and protects the
knee joint.
Tibia and fibula (leg) - two long bones in
the lower leg
Fibula- the smaller bone of lower leg
Tarsals (ankle) - set of seven irregularly
shaped bones
Metatarsals (foot) - five long bones found
in each foot.
Phalanges (toes)- make up the fingers of the
hand and the toes
TIBIA- shinbone
ANKLE- tarsus
Talus - the small bone that sits between the
heel bone
Calcaneus (heel bone): large bone forming
the heel
OSTEOPOROSIS - occurs when bones
become weak
FRACTURE - is a break in a bone
BONE CANCER - a rare type of cancer
that begins in the bones.
OSTEOARTHRITIS- A degenerative joint
diseases
Circulatory system- is made up of blood
vessels
BLOOD VESSELS- that carry blood
throughout your body
VEINS- collect oxygen-poor blood
throughout your body
ARTERY/ARTERIES- rich blood from
your heart to all of your body's cells
CAPILLARY- a minute thin-walled vessel
of the body
HEART- a hollow muscular organ that
pumps the blood
AORTA-supplying oxygenated blood
BLOOD- plasma, platelets, and red and
white
ATRIUM- An anatomical cavity or passage
PULMONARY VEIN- a large vein
carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart
Inferior Vena Cava- (carrying blood from
the lower body)
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE-
hypertension, it means the force is higher
Stroke- the condition centers around blood
flow
Heart Attack-the heart muscle is cut off TEMPORAL LOBE- most commonly
associated with processing auditory
Heart failure- congestive heart failure,
information
refers to the heart not pumping blood
SPINAL CORD- long, tube-like band of
Arrhythmia- abnormal rhythm of the heart
tissue
HEART VALVE- Complications Like
CERVICAL CORD- top portion of the
arrhythmias
spinal cord
Respiratory System- network of organs and
THORACIC CORD- built for stability
tissues
LUMBAR CORD- provide stability for
 Parts
your back
-NASAL CAVITY -PHARYNX
SACRUM CORD- is located below the
LARYNX
lumbar spine
Asthma- Symptoms can include coughing,
COCCYGEAL- tailbone nerves are the last
wheezing, shortness of breath and chest
tightness. Parasympathetic system- helps maintain
normal body functions
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(COPD)- cough, sometimes with phlegm Sympathetic system- regulating the flight-
or-fight response
Bronchiectasis - gradually become worse
NERVOUS SYTEM- complex of
interconnected systems in which larger
systems are
BRAIN- is a complex organ that controls
thought, memory, emotion
CEREBRUM- largest part of the brain, the
cerebrum initiates and coordinates
CEREBELLUM- (little brain) coordinate
voluntary muscle movements
BRAINSTEM- control these functions, like
your heart rate, breathing
FRONTAL LOBE- involved in personality
characteristics
PARIETAL LOBE- sensory perception and
integration,
OCCIPITAL LOBE- the visual processing
area of the brain