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    The document defines the World Wide Web (WWW) as a wide-area hypermedia information retrieval initiative aiming to give universal access to a large universe of documents. The WWW spans the globe and contains various types of media like text, pictures, and sound connected through hyperlinks. Anyone can publish a web page on the WWW. The WWW relies on the Internet but also includes other services like email, FTP, and Usenet. Standards for the WWW are defined by the World Wide Web Consortium to promote universal access, a semantic web, and a web of trust.

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    The document defines the World Wide Web (WWW) as a wide-area hypermedia information retrieval initiative aiming to give universal access to a large universe of documents. The WWW spans the globe and contains various types of media like text, pictures, and sound connected through hyperlinks. Anyone can publish a web page on the WWW. The WWW relies on the Internet but also includes other services like email, FTP, and Usenet. Standards for the WWW are defined by the World Wide Web Consortium to promote universal access, a semantic web, and a web of trust.

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    8 views17 pages

    Introduction Notes

    Uploaded by

    willyman3009
    The document defines the World Wide Web (WWW) as a wide-area hypermedia information retrieval initiative aiming to give universal access to a large universe of documents. The WWW spans the globe and contains various types of media like text, pictures, and sound connected through hyperlinks. Anyone can publish a web page on the WWW. The WWW relies on the Internet but also includes other services like email, FTP, and Usenet. Standards for the WWW are defined by the World Wide Web Consortium to promote universal access, a semantic web, and a web of trust.

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    of 17

    Introduction

    What Is the World Wide Web?


    Definition: The WWW is "wide-area hypermedia information retrieval
    initiative aiming to give universal access to a large universe of
    documents."
    o wide-area: The World Wide Web spans the whole globe.
    o hypermedia: It contains various types of media (text, pictures, sound,
    movies ...) and hyperlinks that connect pages to one another.
    o information retrieval: Viewing a WWW document (Web page) is very
    easy. Web browsers allow page retrieval by clicking links, or entering
    addresses.
    o universal access: It doesn't matter what type of computer you have, or
    what type of computer the page you want is stored on - your Web
    browser allows you to connect seamlessly to many different systems.
    o large universe of documents: Anyone can publish a Web page
    • The World Wide Web (WWW) is most often called the Web.
    => a network of computers able to exchange text, graphics, and
    multimedia information via the Internet. It is a collection of information
    stored on the networked computers over the world.
    • proposed in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN.
    INTERNET
    • This is a world-wide system of interconnected
    computers cooperating with each other to
    exchange data using a common software
    standard through telephone lines and satellite
    links.
    • All the computers in the Internet can
    communicate with each other.
    • These computers use a communication standard
    called HTTP.
    • Decentralized design that there is no centralized
    body controls how the Internet functions.
    What's the relationship between the
    WWW and the Internet?
    • The World Wide Web is just one of the many
    services that the Internet provides. Some
    other services provided by the Internet are
    email, FTP, gopher, telnet and usenet.
    Note: Almost every protocol type available on
    the Internet is accessible on the web including
    the following components: Email, FTP, Telnet,
    User news, HTTP
    Features of WWW
    • has its own protocol i.e. HTTP
    • creates a convenient and user friendly environment
    • fastest components of Internet ; gathers together all the protocols
    into a single system.
    • It relies on the hypertext as means of Information retrieval.
    • It has the ability to work with multimedia and advanced
    programming languages i.e. text, graphics, video and audio.
    • delivery medium, content provider and subject matter.
    • It connects users to almost any part of the Internet.
    • used to explore intellectual, verbal knowledge and effective learning.
    • It contains complex virtual web of connections and consist of files.
    • It provides real-time collaboration, interactive pages and automatic
    push of information to client computers.
    Internet Terminology
    • Client
    – Any computer on the network that requests services from
    another computer on the network.
    • Server
    – Any computer that receives requests from client
    computers, processes and sends the output.
    • Web Page
    – Any page that is hosted on the Internet.
    • Web Development
    – The process of creating, modifying web pages.

    Introduction to Internet gkagombe@jkuat.ac.ke 6


    Web Server
    • It is a program that waits for requests from the web
    browser.
    • It provides four major functions
    – Serving web pages
    – Running gateway programs (CGI) and returning output
    – Controlling access to the server
    – Monitoring and logging all access
    • E.g. Apache, IIS, Netscape Web server, …

    Introduction to Internet gkagombe@jkuat.ac.ke 7


    Web connection

    Introduction to Internet gkagombe@jkuat.ac.ke 8


    How does the Web work?
    • The web information is stored in the Web pages.
    – In HTML format.
    • The web pages are stored in the computers called
    Web servers.
    – In the Web server file system.
    • The computer reading the pages is called web
    clients with specific web browser.
    • The web server waits for the request from the
    web clients over the Internet.
    – Internet Information Server (IIS) or Apache.

    Introduction to Internet gkagombe@jkuat.ac.ke 9


    The HTTP Request/Response Model

    HTML Codes
    <html>
    …
    Request </html>

    Response
    Client Server

    Program /
    Scripts

    Introduction to Internet gkagombe@jkuat.ac.ke 10


    Valid HTTP Request/Response mesgs

    • Provides additional information


    GET /index.html HTTP/1.0 HTTP/1.0 200 OK

    Host: www.anyhost.com Last-Modified: Mon, 20 Dec 1999 …


    Date: Tue, 11 Jan 2002 …
    User-Agent : Mozilla/4.5 [en] (WinNT; I)
    Status: 200
    Accept : image/gif, image/jpeg, */*
    Content-Type: text/html
    Accept-language : en
    Servlet-Engine: Tomcat Web Server
    Accept-charset : iso-8859-1, *, utf-8 Content-Length: 59

    <html>
    …
    </html>
    Introduction to Internet gkagombe@jkuat.ac.ke 11
    HTTP
    • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
    – protocol used to access data on the WWW.
    – uses one TCP connection on well-known port 80.
    – two types of http messages: Request, Response
    – transfer data in the form of plain text, hypertext,
    audio, video, and so on.

    Introduction to Internet gkagombe@jkuat.ac.ke 12


    HTTP

    DEMO!

    Introduction to Internet gkagombe@jkuat.ac.ke 13


    Who defines the Web standards?
    • The Web standards are not defined or setup
    by the browser companies or Microsoft, but
    the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
    • The specifications form the Web standards.
    – HTML, CSS, XML, XHTML, …

    Introduction to Internet gkagombe@jkuat.ac.ke 14


    W3C
    • Quoted from W3C
    – W3C's long term goals for the Web are:
    1. Universal Access: To make the Web accessible to all by
    promoting technologies that take into account the vast
    differences in culture, languages, education, ability,
    material resources, and physical limitations of users on all
    continents;
    2. Semantic Web : To develop a software environment that
    permits each user to make the best use of the resources
    available on the Web;
    3. Web of Trust : To guide the Web's development with
    careful consideration for the novel legal, commercial, and
    social issues raised by this technology.

    Introduction to Internet gkagombe@jkuat.ac.ke 15


    Client-Side and Server-side
    Programming
    • Client-side code
    – ECMAScript
    • JavaScript, JScript – Microsoft
    – VBScript – Microsoft
    – Embedded in <script> elements and execute in the browser, provides
    immediate feedback to the user.
    – Reduces the load on a server, reduces network traffic.
    • Server-side code
    – Execute on the server
    – CGI/Perl, ASP, PHP, ColdFusion, JSP
    – The code remains hidden from users, and browser independent.
    • Can be combined with good results.
     A standardized version of JavaScript (ECMAScript) is defined by the
    European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA, at
    www.ecma.ch). Netscape turned JavaScript over to ECMA in an
    attempt to stabilize the language and make it more widely accessible
    to other developers.

    Introduction to Internet gkagombe@jkuat.ac.ke 16


    Client-side & Server-side
    Technologies

    Client-Side Server-Side

    HTML, XML CGI/Perl


    Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) PHP
    Scripting languages ColdFusion
    - JavaScript, VBScript Scripting Languages
    Java Applets - Server-side JavaScript
    ActiveX controls - ASP, JSP, Java Servlets
    Plug-ins and Helpers application ISAPI/NSAPI programs

    Introduction to Internet gkagombe@jkuat.ac.ke 17

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