NEW BALDWIN

INTERNATIONAL SENIOR
SECONDARY SCHOOL
MANDUR,Bengaluru

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
“To study the rate of evaporation
of different liquids”
Session : 2023-24

Done by:

Ansh Kumar [ XII CBSE ]

 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that “ The Chemistry
Investigatory Project” on the topic
To study the rate of evaporation of different
liquids”

has been successfully compeleted by ANSH

KUMAR of grade XII under the CENTRAL
BOARD OF SECONDARY
EDUCATION in year of 2023-24

Signature of Signature of Signature of

Internal Examinor External Examinor Principal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my immense gratitude to
our Management,our principal Ms. Ambika mam,
as well as our chemistry faculty Ms.
Lakshmi mam who gave me the golden opportunity
to do this wonderful project on topic "To study the
rate of evaporation of different liquids"

I would also like to thank my parents who

helped me a lot in finalizing this project within
the limited time frame.

Lastly,I would like to thank my friends who

motivated me and helped out to complete this
project before the timeline.

ANSH KUMAR
 INDEX

➢ Introduction
➢ Aim
➢ Theory
➢ Procedure
➢ Observations
➢ Calculations
➢ Results
➢ Conclusion
➢ Bibliography
 INTRODUCTION
When liquid is placed in an open ves el. It slowly
escapes into gaseous phase ventually leaving the ves
el empty. This phenomenon is known as
vaporization or evaporation. Evaporation of
liquids can be explained in the terms of kinetic
molecular model although there are strong
molecular attractive forces which hold molecules
together. The molecules having sufficient kinetic
energy can escape into gaseous phase. If such
molecules hap en to come near the surface in a
sample of liquid all the molecules do not have
same kinetic energy. There is a small fraction of
molecules which have enough kinetic energy to
overcome the attractive forces and escapes into
gaseous phase.

Evaporation causes co ling. This is due to the

reason that the molecules which undergo
evaporation have high kinetic energy therefore the
kinetic energy of the molecules which are left
behind is les .
Since the remaining molecules which are left have
lower average kinetic energy. Therefore
temperature is kept constant the remaining liquid
will have same distribution of the molecular
kinetic energy and high molecular energy will kept
one escaping from liquid into gaseous phase of the
liquid is taken in an open ves el evaporation will
continue until whole of the liquid evaporates.
 AIM
To compare the rates of evaporation of
Acetone, Nitrobenzene, Ethanol and Water.

REQUIREMENTS

Four same size Watch Glas s, 10ml pipettes, stop

watch, Nirtobenzene, Ethanol, Water, Acetone.
 THEORY
Evaporation is the process through which a
liquid transforms into a gas, occurring at the
surface of the liquid. It happens at any
temperature, not just at the boiling point of
the liquid, where molecules with higher kinetic
energy break away from the liquid's surface
and become vapor in the surrounding space.

The significance of evaporation in the context

of the physical properties of liquids lies in
several aspects:

1. Temperature Regulation:Evaporation is a
cooling process. As the higher kinetic energy
molecules escape the liquid, they take away
energy, cooling the remaining iquid. This is the
principle behind why sweating cools the body
— it's the evaporation of sweat that removes
heat from the skin.
2. Surface Area and Evaporation
Rate:
Evaporation is directly related to the surface
area of the liquid exposed to the atmosphere.
Greater surface area results in a higher rate of
evaporation. This is why liquids spread out in
shallow pans evaporate more quickly than
those contained in a narrow vessel.

3.Vapor Pressure: The rate of

evaporation influences the vapor pressure of a
liquid. When evaporation occurs in a
closed space, the gaseous particles released
from the liquid exert pressure on the walls of
the container, creating what's known as
the vapor pressure. At equilibrium, the
rate of condensation equals the rate of
evaporation, and the vapor pressure becomes
constant.

4. Boiling Point: Evaporation occurs at all

temperatures, but at the boiling point, the
liquid turns into vapor throughout its volume.
Evaporation differs from boiling as it occurs
only at the liquid's surface.
Understanding evaporation is crucial in various
scientific fields such as meteorology, where it
plays a role in the water cycle. It's also relevant
in industries like food and pharmaceuticals,
where controlling evaporation rates is vital for
the production and preservation of certain
products.
 PROCEDURE
1. Clean and dry all watch glas es and identify
them as A,B,C,D.
2. Pipette out of 10 ml Nitrobenzene, Ethanol,
Water and Acetone in watch glas es A,B,C and D
respectively.
3. Remove the coverplates from all watch glas
es and start the stopwatch.
4. Let the watch glas es remain exposed for 10
minutes. Now cover each of the watch glas and note
the amount of remaining material.
Acetone

Ethanol
Nitrobenzene

Water
 OBSERVATIONS

Time : 10 min. = 60 sec.

Solution Mass Taken (g) Mass left (g) Mass Evaporated

(g)
Nitrobenzene 11.36 11.27 0.09

Ethanol 8.11 7.72 0.39

Water 9.54 9.5 0.04

Acetone 7.78 6.75 1.03

 CALCULATIONS
Rate of Evaporation = Mas Evaporated
Time Taken

1.Rate of evaporation of Nitrobenzene-

Mas Evaporated = 0.09g

Time = 60 s
Rate = 0.09 = 0.0 015
g/s 60

2. Rate of evaporation of Ethanol-

Mas Evaporated = 0.39g

Time Taken = 60 s
Rate = 0.39 =0.0 065 g/s
60
3. Rate of evaporation of Water-

Mas Evaporated = 0.04g

Time Taken = 60 s
Rate = 0.04 = 0.0 0 6g/s
60

4. Rate of evaporation of Acetone-

Mas Evaporated = 1.03g

Time Taken = 60 s
Rate = 1.03 = 0.0 171
g/s 60
 Results

Rate of evaporation of Nitrobenzene = 15x10-5

Rate of evaporation of Ethanol = 65x10-5
Rate of evaporation of Water = 6x10-5
Rate of evaporation of Acetone =
171x10-5
 CONCLUSION

The intermolecular forces of attraction of a

compound is proportional to the rate of
evaporation, more the rate of evaporation les
is the intermolecular force. The order of rate
of evaporation of Acetone, Nitrobenzene,
Water, Ethanol is :-
Ethanol >Acetone > Nitrobenzene > Water
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

• https:/ www.scribid.com
• https:/ www.wikipedia.org
• https:/ chat.openai.com