香 港 大 學

THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

Bachelor of Engineering

Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

ELEC4142 Power System Protection and

Switchgear

Examination

Date: 12 May 2023 Time: 2:30pm-5:30pm

Answer ALL questions.

Use of Electronic Calculators:

“Only approved calculators as announced by the Examinations Secretary can be used

in this examination. It is candidates’ responsibility to ensure that their calculator
operates satisfactorily, and candidates must record the name and type of the calculator
used on the front page of the examination script.”

EEE/ELEC4142/ 2023 May page | of 7

Section A — Multiple Choices

Al The most common fault is

(5 marks)
Single phase to ground fault
THO OW >

Phase to phase fault

Double phase to ground fault
Three-phase fault
Three-phase to ground fault
None of above

A2 ~~ ~Which of followings are correct for protective relays?

(5 marks)
They detect abnormal power system conditions
S

They clear faults

OOW

They are primary devices

They are secondary devices
They should response fast and automatically
“OMT

They should be manually controlled by engineers

They are parts of circuit breakers
Fuse is a type of single-shot relay

A3 Which of followings may occur when there is a fault?

(5 marks)
Voltage increase
Om MO Ow >

Voltage decrease
Current increase
Current decrease
Current phase angle changes
Harmonic components are measured
Frequency changes

A4 — Which of followings are used for transmission line protection?

(5 marks)
Instantaneously over current protection
HOAMmMMOOWS

Time-delay over current protection

Impedance protection
Differential protection
Pilot protection
Pressure relays
Primary and backup protection zones
Fuse

AS The coordination of sectionalizer and re-closer is to

(5 marks)

EEE/ELEC4142/ 2023 May page 2 of 7

 Clear temporary fault

MOO >
Clear permanent fault
Re-close for temporary fault
Re-close for permanent fault
Count the number of “seeing” the fault current and leave circuit breaker to
open for a fault
Speed up to clear the fault
q)7

. Work as the backup for downstream fuses

A6 Which of following(s) could be used for rotating machine protection?

(5 marks)
Over-current protective relay
Impedance protective relay
ATMOS

Differential relay
Percentage differential relay
Pressure relay
Pilot relay

AT Which of following(s) is(are) the common secondary winding current of current

transducer?
(5 marks)
100A
amMOOW>

20A
10A
SA
2A
1A

A8 Design of a grounding system depending on

(5 marks)
Latitude and longitude
Asm mUAD>

Soil resistance
Soil hardness and humidity
Weather: cold or warm
System short circuit capacity
Surge impedance
Spark gap

EEE/ELEC4142/ 2023 May page 3 of 7

Section B Long Questions

Bl. Given a system as shown in the figure. Line-to-line voltage at bus A is 110 kV.
The maximum load current is 300A. CT ratio is 500:1.

(a) Design the settings of instantaneous over-current relay and time delay over-
current (TDOC) relay for relay Roc, whose protection zone should not overreach
point C. (Hint: Minimum fault current would be phase-phase fault current,
which is 0.866 times of three phase fault current)
(10 marks)

(b) Check whether the instantaneous over-current relay of Rbc will pickup for
minimum fault and maximum fault at K.
(2 marks)

(c) Check whether the time delay over-current relay Roc will pickup for minimum
fault and maximum fault at K.
(2 marks)

(d) If the time dial setting is 2, find the time for the TDOC relay to trip for minimum
fault current at K, and the time for the TDOC relay to trip for maximum fault
current at K. (The time-current curve is attached in the next page)
(6 marks)

(9

EEE/ELEC4142/ 2023 May page 4 of 7

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EEE/ELEC4142/ 2023 May page 5 of 7

B2. “Given asystem as shown in fhe figure, With aline between A and B supplled by
current sources I, and Ip. The per unit value of I, and Ip is 1 / 0°, and assume they
maintain unchanged during fault situations. The line impedances and source
impedances in p.u. are shown in the figure.

(a) Determine the Zone 1 setting of distance relays Rap and Rba. Plot line AB and
Zone 1 of Rab and Rba on the R-X diagram.
(10 marks)

(b) Find the apparent impedances seen by Rap and Rpa for a three-phase-to-ground
fault at point C with a grounding resistance R¢ = 0.075 p.u.
(5 marks)

(c) Use the R-X diagram to calculate and find whether the fault falls within the
protection region of the Zone 1 of Rab and Roa.
(10 marks)

=> j0.1 品 j0.2 Cc j0.1 ry j0.05 一

I A B i
人 R= 0.075

EEE/ELEC4142/ 2023 May page 6 of 7

B3. The R-X diagram for an admittance protection of line A-B is shown as in the
figure. The line impedance is |Z|, and the angle 0 =85°. The voltage level of line A-B
is U, power factor cos ~ =0.9063. Find the load current Ioaa that will start to trip the
circuit breaker.

(15 marks)

A B
AY An a
| | load

COS 0

A R

**k* END OF PAPER ***

BEE/ELEC4142/ 2023 May page 7 of 7