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Unit 1

Seerat e tayyaba

1. Who is referred to as the loftiest example to follow in the Quranic verse Al-Ahzab 33:21?

- Hazrat Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah.

2. According to Sahih Al-Bukhari, what was the significance of Hazrat Muhammad in the house of
Prophethood?

- He was the last brick fitted to complete the otherwise nicely built house of Prophethood.

3. What is the importance of the message brought by Hazrat Muhammad?

- It is universal and perfect, covering all aspects of human life.

4. How did Hazrat Muhammad show his esteem for youths in preparation for the battle of Uhud?

- He decided to face the enemy outside the city in an open field, considering the passions and
emotions of the youth.

5. Who did Hazrat Muhammad choose to lead the military expedition in the battle of Mutah, showing his
preference for the youth?

- He preferred a teenager, Osama bin Zaid, over respected elders like Abu Bakr and Umar.

6. How did Hazrat Muhammad spend his youth in a dignified and sublime way?

- He never indulged in prevalent vices, maintained nobility of soul, purity of heart, and strict adherence
to truth and honesty.

7. What were some of the titles given to Hazrat Muhammad during his youth?

- He was called “Al-Amin” (the trustworthy) and “Al-Sadiq” (the true).

8. What example did Hazrat Muhammad set for the youth of future generations?

- To follow the path of rectitude, lead a pious and pure life, and uphold honesty and integrity in all
circumstances.

1. What Quranic verse highlights the importance of following the Messenger of Allah, Hazrat
Muhammad?

- The Quranic verse is Al-Ahzab verse 21.

2. According to a Hadith in Sahih Al-Bukhari, how is Hazrat Muhammad described in relation to

Prophethood?

- According to Sahih Al-Bukhari, Hazrat Muhammad is described as the last brick fitted to complete the
house of Prophethood.

3. How is the message brought by Hazrat Muhammad described in the context of human life?
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- The message brought by Hazrat Muhammad is described as universal and perfect, covering all
possible aspects of human life.

4. Why is the life and teachings of Hazrat Muhammad considered a beacon for success and perfection in
life?

- Hazrat Muhammad’s life and teachings are considered a beacon because they offer guidance for
those seeking success and perfection in life.

5. What value does Islam place on youth and young people?

- Islam places extraordinary value and importance on youths and the young age.

6. Give an example of how Hazrat Muhammad valued and had confidence in the youth.

- Hazrat Muhammad preferred a teenager, Osama bin Zaid, to lead a military expedition over respected
elders in the battle of Mutah in Syria.

7. How did Hazrat Muhammad spend his youth before his prophethood?

- Hazrat Muhammad spent his youth in a dignified and sublime way, avoiding prevalent vices and
leading a life marked by nobility, purity, truth, and honesty.

8. What titles were attributed to Hazrat Muhammad during his youth?

- Hazrat Muhammad was attributed the titles of “Al-Amin” (the trustworthy) and “Al-Sadiq” (the true)
during his youth.

9. What path does Hazrat Muhammad’s example set for the youth of coming generations?

- Hazrat Muhammad’s example sets a path for the youth to follow rectitude in all circumstances and
lead a pious and pure life.

10. In what battle did Hazrat Muhammad decide to face the enemy outside the city due to his reverence
for the passions and emotions of the youth?

- Hazrat Muhammad made this decision in preparation for the battle of Uhud.

11. At what age did the Last Rasool (Hazrat Muhammad) take part in trade activities and accompany his
uncle to Syria?

- Hazrat Muhammad took part in trade activities and accompanied his uncle to Syria at the age of 12.
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12. What was the name of the peace committee formed by energetic youths of Arab tribes, and did
Hazrat Muhammad join it?

- The peace committee was named “Hilf al-Fudul,” and Hazrat Muhammad did become an active
member of the committee.

13. How did Hazrat Muhammad resolve a conflict over the setting of the Black Stone (Al-Hajr-ul-Aswad)
among Arab clans?

- Hazrat Muhammad, at the age of 35, resolved the conflict sagaciously and prevented a serious
conflict.

14. What inspiration can Muslim youth draw from the examples of Hazrat Muhammad’s active and
meaningful youth?

- Muslim youth can draw inspiration to play a vibrant and dynamic role in society instead of living an
obscure and indolent life.

15. What virtue did Hazrat Muhammad emphasize as an integral part of faith, and what did he say about
it?

- Hazrat Muhammad emphasized “Haya” (modesty) as an integral part of faith. He said, “If you do not
feel ashamed, then do whatever you like.”

16. What kind of youth is considered ideal according to the teachings of Hazrat Muhammad?

- A chaste, modest, and civilized Muslim youth is considered ideal according to the teachings of Hazrat
Muhammad.

17. What were the qualities that Hazrat Muhammad embodied in his personal life and encouraged in his
followers?

- Hazrat Muhammad embodied modesty, chastity, and simplicity in his personal life and encouraged his
followers to do the same.

18. How did Hazrat Muhammad treat people of inferior social status, and how did he treat his servants
or those who made mistakes?

- Hazrat Muhammad treated people of inferior social status with kindness and affection. He did not
scold his servants or those who made mistakes.
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19. What did Anas, who served the Rasool for ten years, say about Hazrat Muhammad’s character?

- Anas testified that Hazrat Muhammad never said “uff” to him and never said harshly, “Why did you
do that? Why did you not do that?”

20. What does the Holy Qur’an say about obedience to Hazrat Muhammad, and how is it described?

- The Holy Qur’an says that obedience to Hazrat Muhammad is associated with Allah’s pleasure,
emphasizing the importance of following his guidance and teachings.

21. At what age did Hazrat Muhammad take part in trade activities and accompany his uncle on a
business tour to Syria?

- Hazrat Muhammad took part in trade activities and accompanied his uncle at the tender age of 12.

22. What was the name of the peace committee formed by energetic youths of Arab tribes, and did
Hazrat Muhammad participate in it?

- The peace committee was called “Hilf al-Fudul,” and Hazrat Muhammad actively participated in it.

23. How did Hazrat Muhammad prevent a serious conflict among Arab clans regarding the Black Stone
(Al-Hajr-ul-Aswad)?

- Hazrat Muhammad, at 35 years old, resolved the conflict wisely, preventing a serious conflict from
arising.

24. What message does Hazrat Muhammad’s active youth serve as for Muslim youth?

- Hazrat Muhammad’s active youth serves as inspiration for Muslim youth to play a vibrant and
dynamic role in society.

25. What did Hazrat Muhammad emphasize about modesty and chastity in his personal life?

- Hazrat Muhammad emphasized modesty and chastity, considering them integral parts of faith.

26. What did Hazrat Muhammad say about modesty (Haya) as narrated by Abu Mas’ud?

- Hazrat Muhammad said, “If you do not feel ashamed, then do whatever you like.”
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27. What qualities are ideal for a Muslim youth according to the teachings of Hazrat Muhammad?

- Chastity, modesty, and civilization are ideal qualities for a Muslim youth according to Hazrat
Muhammad’s teachings.

28. What did Hazrat Muhammad dislike in his personal life and how did he lead his life?

- Hazrat Muhammad disliked vanity and ostentation, leading a simple and austere life despite having
access to the treasures of the world.

30. How did Hazrat Muhammad treat people of inferior social status and his little page?

- Hazrat Muhammad treated people of inferior social status with kindness and affection, and he never
scolded his little page for any mistakes.

30. What testimony about Hazrat Muhammad’s character is provided by Anas regarding his treatment of
others?

- Anas testified that he served Hazrat Muhammad for ten years, and Hazrat Muhammad never said
anything harsh or scolding to him during that time (Sahih al-Bukhari 5691, Sahih Muslim 2309).

31. How does Surah Al Imran, Verse 31 emphasize achieving Allah’s pleasure?

- Surah Al Imran, Verse 31 emphasizes achieving Allah’s pleasure by following the footsteps of His
beloved Rasool, Hazrat Muhammad.

32. What is the importance of obedience to the Messenger of Allah according to Surah Al-Hashr, Verse
7?

- Surah Al-Hashr, Verse 7 emphasizes the importance of obeying the Messenger of Allah in all aspects
of life.

33. Why is it mandatory for Muslim youth to acquaint themselves with Seerat e Tayyeba (the biography
of Hazrat Muhammad)?

- It is mandatory for Muslim youth to acquaint themselves with Seerat e Tayyeba because complete
obedience to the beloved Rasool is impossible without a thorough knowledge of his life.

34. What role do Muslim youth play in the Ummah, and what should they do to attain purity in their
character?
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- Muslim youth are considered the backbone of the Ummah. To attain purity in their character, they
must follow the teachings of the beloved Rasool, Hazrat Muhammad, in both letter and spirit.

35. How can the pleasure of Allah Almighty be achieved according to Surah Al Imran, Verse 31?

- The pleasure of Allah Almighty can be achieved by following the footprints of His beloved Rasool
(Hazrat Muhammad).

36. What is enjoined in Surah Al-Hashr, Verse 7 regarding the Messenger (Hazrat Muhammad)?

- Surah Al-Hasher, Verse 7 enjoins taking what the Messenger (Hazrat Muhammad) gives and
abstaining from what he forbids.

37. Why is it mandatory for Muslims to acquaint themselves with Seerat e Tayyeba?

- It is mandatory to acquaint themselves with Seerat e Tayyeba because complete obedience to the
beloved Rasool (Hazrat Muhammad) is impossible without a thorough knowledge of it.

38. Who is expected to follow the teachings of the beloved Rasool (Hazrat Muhammad) in letter and
spirit?

- The Muslim youth, considered the backbone of the Ummah, are expected to follow the teachings of
the beloved Rasool (Hazrat Muhammad) in letter and spirit to attain purity in their character.

Unit 2

Quaid e Azam

39. When did Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah deliver his famous speech before the Constituent
Assembly of Pakistan?

- Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah delivered his famous speech on August 11, 1947.

40. What were the two main functions of the Constituent Assembly that Jinnah mentioned in his
speech?

- The two main functions of the Constituent Assembly were to frame the future constitution of Pakistan
and to function as a full and complete sovereign body as the Federal Legislature of Pakistan.

41. How did Jinnah describe the process of creating two independent sovereign Dominions in the sub-
continent?

- Jinnah described the process as a “unprecedented cyclone revolution” and mentioned that it was
peaceful and characterized by a great evolutionary change.
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42. What responsibility did Jinnah emphasize for the members of the Constituent Assembly?

- Jinnah emphasized that the members of the Constituent Assembly had the gravest responsibility as a
sovereign legislative body and that they held all the powers to make important decisions.

43. What did Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah express his gratitude for in his speech to the
Constituent Assembly?

- Jinnah expressed his gratitude for being elected as the first President of the Constituent Assembly.

44. What were the two primary roles of the Constituent Assembly, as outlined by Jinnah?

- The two primary roles were to frame the future constitution of Pakistan and function as a full and
complete sovereign body as the Federal Legislature of Pakistan.

45. What was remarkable about the plan to create two independent sovereign Dominions in the sub-
continent, according to Jinnah?

- The plan was remarkable because it was unprecedented and had no parallel in world history.

46. How did Jinnah describe the achievement of this plan?

- Jinnah described the achievement as peaceful and through an evolution of the greatest possible
character.

47. What message did Jinnah convey about the weight of responsibility to the sovereign legislative body?

- Jinnah emphasized that the sovereign legislative body had the gravest responsibility in making
decisions, given their full powers and sovereignty.

48. What does Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah consider one of the biggest curses that India is
suffering from?

- Jinnah considers bribery and corruption to be one of the biggest curses affecting India.

49. How does Jinnah suggest dealing with the issue of bribery and corruption?

- Jinnah suggests putting down bribery and corruption with an iron hand and taking adequate
measures to address the problem.

50. What evil does Jinnah mention as a legacy that has been passed on to India?
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- Jinnah mentions nepotism and jobbery as a great evil that has been passed on.

51. What is Jinnah’s stance on jobbery, nepotism, and any form of influence in his administration?

- Jinnah makes it clear that he will never tolerate any form of jobbery, nepotism, or any influence
brought to bear on him, whether directly or indirectly.

52. What is Jinnah’s response to those who do not agree with the division of India and the partition of
the Punjab and Bengal?

- Jinnah emphasizes that now that the division and partition have been accepted, it is the duty of
everyone to loyally abide by and honorably act according to the agreement, which is final and binding on
all.

53. Why does Jinnah believe the division of India and the creation of Pakistan was necessary?

- Jinnah believes that the division was necessary because it was the only practical solution to India’s
constitutional problem and that any idea of a united India would have led to terrific disaster.

54. What does Jinnah suggest regarding the feeling that exists between communities in majority and
minority?

- Jinnah acknowledges the feelings that exist between communities in majority and minority but
emphasizes that the division had to take place due to practical reasons.

55. How does Jinnah believe the verdict on the division of India will be recorded in the future?

- Jinnah believes that the future history will record its verdict in favor of the division, and it will be
proven by actual experience that it was the only solution to India’s constitutional problem.

56. According to Jinnah, why was a united India not a practical idea?

- Jinnah states that a united India could never have worked and would have led to terrific disaster in his
judgment.

57. What does Jinnah suggest about the correctness of his view on the division of India?

- Jinnah leaves open the possibility that his view may or may not be correct, and its validity will be seen
as events unfold.
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58. What does Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah consider to be unavoidable regarding the division of
India?

- Jinnah considers the division of India into one Dominion or the other to be unavoidable.

59. According to Jinnah, what should be the focus to make Pakistan happy and prosperous?

- The focus should be on the well-being of the people, especially the masses and the poor.

60. What does Jinnah emphasize as essential for success in Pakistan?

- Jinnah emphasizes that working together in cooperation, burying the hatchet, and concentrating on
the well-being of all citizens, regardless of their background, is essential for success.

61. What is the key spirit in which people should work together in Pakistan, according to Jinnah?

- People should work together with the spirit that every citizen of the State has equal rights, privileges,
and obligations, regardless of their community, relations, color, caste, or creed.

62. What does Jinnah consider the biggest hindrance to India’s attainment of freedom and
independence?

- Jinnah considers the division and conflicts based on community, religion, caste, and creed to be the
biggest hindrance to India’s freedom and independence.

63. What lesson does Jinnah suggest should be learned from the history of India’s struggle for freedom?

- Jinnah suggests that the lesson to be learned is the importance of unity and the recognition that no
power can hold a nation of 400 million souls in subjection.

64. What freedom does Jinnah assure the people of Pakistan regarding their places of worship?

- Jinnah assures that the people of Pakistan are free to go to their temples, mosques, or any other
place of worship without interference from the State.

65. In what sense does Jinnah believe Hindus and Muslims should cease to be Hindus and Muslims?

- Jinnah suggests that they should cease to be Hindus and Muslims in the political sense, as citizens of
the State, while maintaining their personal religious faith.
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66. What will be Jinnah’s guiding principles in governing Pakistan?

- Jinnah’s guiding principles will be justice and complete impartiality, without prejudice, ill-will,
partiality, or favoritism.

67. What does Jinnah express as his hope for Pakistan’s future?

- Jinnah expresses his hope that with support and cooperation, Pakistan will become one of the
greatest nations in the world.

68. What is the primary focus of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah to make Pakistan prosperous?

- The primary focus is on the well-being of the people, especially the masses and the poor.

69. How does Jinnah suggest that the people of Pakistan should work together in cooperation?

- Jinnah suggests that they should work together in a spirit that treats every citizen as equal, regardless
of their background.

70. According to Jinnah, what was the biggest hindrance to India’s freedom and independence?

- The division and conflicts based on community, religion, caste, and creed were the biggest hindrance
to India’s freedom and independence.

71. What lesson should be learned from India’s history, as per Jinnah’s perspective?

- The lesson to be learned is the importance of unity and the impossibility of holding a nation in
subjection through power.

72. What freedom does Jinnah assure for the people of Pakistan regarding places of worship?

- Jinnah assures that people are free to go to their places of worship without interference from the
State.

73. In what sense should Hindus and Muslims cease to be Hindus and Muslims, according to Jinnah?

- They should cease to be Hindus and Muslims in the political sense, as citizens of the State, while
maintaining their personal religious faith.

74. What are the guiding principles that Jinnah will follow in governing Pakistan?
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- Jinnah’s guiding principles will be justice and complete impartiality, without any prejudice, ill-will,
partiality, or favoritism.

75. What is Jinnah’s vision for Pakistan’s future with the support and cooperation of its people?

- Jinnah envisions that Pakistan will become one of the greatest nations in the world.

76. How does Jinnah suggest overcoming the divisions between communities in Pakistan?

- Jinnah suggests that working together will lead to the vanishing of divisions based on community,
religion, caste, and creed.

77. What is the primary focus for the well-being of Pakistan, according to Jinnah’s speech?

- The primary focus is on the well-being of the masses and the poor, emphasizing cooperation and
unity among citizens.

Unit 3 poem

Solitary reaper

78. Who is the subject of the poem, “Behold her, single in the field”?

- The subject of the poem is a solitary Highland Lass.

79. What is the Highland Lass doing in the poem?

- The Highland Lass is reaping and singing by herself in the field.

80. What does the poet ask of the reader in the poem?

- The poet asks the reader to either stop and listen or gently pass by the solitary Highland Lass.

81. How does the poet describe the sound in the Vale in the poem?

- The poet describes the sound in the Vale as overflowing with the melancholy strain of the Highland
Lass’s song.

82. What comparison does the poet make regarding the Highland Lass’s song and a Nightingale’s song?
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- The poet compares the Highland Lass’s song to a Nightingale’s song, suggesting that it is more
welcome and thrilling.

83. What does the poet wonder about the content of the Highland Lass’s song?

- The poet wonders whether the Highland Lass’s song is about old, unhappy, far-off things, battles long
ago, or more humble and everyday themes.

84. How does the poet describe the Highland Lass’s singing in the poem?

- The poet describes the Highland Lass’s singing as if her song could have no ending.

85. What is the poet doing while he listens to the Highland Lass’s song?

- The poet is listening to the Highland Lass’s song while remaining motionless and still.

86. What does the poet carry in his heart as he climbs the hill in the poem?

- The poet carries the music of the Highland Lass’s song in his heart, even after it has ceased to be
heard.

87. What is the overall mood of the poem?

- The overall mood of the poem is one of admiration for the Highland Lass’s singing and a sense of the
lasting impact of her music on the poet.

88. Who is the subject of the poem’s description in the first stanza?

- The subject is a solitary Highland lass reaping and singing in the field.

89. What is the speaker’s request to those passing by the Highland lass?

- The speaker suggests stopping to listen or gently passing by the Highland lass.

90. What is the lass doing while singing in the field?

- The lass is cutting and binding grain as she sings.

91. What is the mood or feeling conveyed by the lass’s song?

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- The mood of the song is described as melancholy.

92. What natural element is said to be overflowing with the sound of the lass’s song?

- The Vale, or valley, is said to be overflowing with the sound of the lass’s song.

93. What is the comparison made in the poem regarding the lass’s singing to that of a Nightingale?

- The lass’s singing is compared to a Nightingale, but her voice is described as more thrilling and
welcome.

94. What is the speculation about the theme of the lass’s song in the poem?

- The speaker wonders whether the lass’s song is about old, unhappy, far-off things, battles long ago, or
more humble, everyday matters.

95. How is the lass’s singing described in terms of its ending?

- The lass’s singing is described as if her song could have no ending.

96. What does the speaker do as he listens to the lass’s song while ascending the hill?

- The speaker listens motionless and still, and he carries the music in his heart long after it was no
longer heard.

97. Who is the subject of the poem, “Behold her, single in the field”?

- The subject of the poem is a solitary Highland Lass.

98. What is the Highland Lass doing in the poem?

- The Highland Lass is reaping and singing by herself in the field.

99. What is the poet’s invitation to the reader regarding the Highland Lass?

- The poet invites the reader to stop and listen to the Highland Lass’s song or to gently pass by.

100. How does the poet describe the Highland Lass’s singing in the poem?

- The poet describes the Highland Lass’s singing as a melancholy strain.

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101. What does the poet say about the sound in the Vale where the Highland Lass is singing?

- The poet says that the Vale is overflowing with the sound of the Highland Lass’s singing.

102. According to the poem, what type of notes did the Highland Lass’s voice produce?

- The Highland Lass’s voice produced notes that were more welcome than those of a Nightingale to
weary travelers.

103. What is the significance of the Cuckoo-bird mentioned in the poem?

- The Cuckoo-bird’s springtime song is thrilling, breaking the silence of the seas among the farthest
Hebrides.

104. What does the poet wonder about the Highland Lass’s song?

- The poet wonders what the Highland Lass is singing about, whether it’s old, unhappy things, battles of
the past, or more current and familiar topics.

105. How does the poet describe the Highland Lass’s singing in terms of its duration?

- The poet describes the Maiden’s song as if it could have no ending.

106. What does the poet carry in his heart as he leaves the scene of the Highland Lass’s singing?

- The poet carries the music of the Highland Lass’s song in his heart, even after it is no longer audible.

Unit 4

Truck art

107. Where can you find men and boys working in the truck-painting industry in Pakistan?

- You can find them all over Pakistan, particularly in cities like Quetta, Dera Ghazi Khan, Peshawar,
Mansehra, Rawalpindi, and Karachi.

108. What do skilled truck artists in Pakistan continue to do as part of their tradition?

- Skilled truck artists in Pakistan continue the tradition of decorating enormous trucks with a dazzling
kaleidoscope of folk art.
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109. What have these masterpieces on wheels become for Pakistan?

- These masterpieces on wheels have become a tourism symbol for Pakistan, recognized all over the
world.

110. How are today’s truckers in Pakistan connected to the traders of the past?

- Today’s truckers in Pakistan are the successors of generations of traders who transported goods by
camel caravan along similar routes. They continue the tradition of decorating their vehicles.

111. What is the significance of truck art in identifying a truck’s origin and its driver’s ethnic group?

- Truck art in Pakistan tells you where the truck has come from and identifies the driver’s ethnic group,
making it unique and easily recognizable.

112. How is the truck art industry described in Karachi, Pakistan?

- Karachi, the port city of Pakistan, is said to employ over 50,000 people in small family-run paint
workshops, making the truck art industry significant.

113. What are the various skilled craftsmen involved in a typical Pakistani truck art workshop?

- A typical Pakistani truck art workshop employs electricians, metal workers, carpenters, upholsterers,
master painters, assistants, and even poets to write poetic inscriptions.

114. How long does the labor-intensive process of decorating a truck typically take?

- The process of decorating a truck usually takes six to 10 weeks, with attention to detail and intricate
designs.

115. Why do many truck drivers in Pakistan lavishly spend money on decorating their vehicles?

- Truck drivers in Pakistan decorate their vehicles as a way of expressing thanks for prosperity,
attracting customers, and keeping up with the tradition of beautifully decorated trucks.

116. What does truck art represent for the truck drivers and owners in Pakistan?

- Truck art is essential for truck drivers and owners in Pakistan, serving as a means of cultural
expression, attracting business, and adhering to a longstanding tradition.
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117. What is the role of electricians in a typical Pakistani truck art workshop?

- Electricians in a truck art workshop install wiring for lighting and other electrical components on the
trucks.

118. How do the skilled craftsmen in the truck art workshops contribute to the final artwork?

- Each skilled craftsman has a specific role, such as metalworkers creating artefacts, carpenters carving
arabesque inlays, and upholsterers embroidering window flaps with silver and gold thread.

119. What is the purpose of having a poet in the truck art workshop?

- The poet in the workshop writes eye-catching poetic inscriptions on the trucks, adding a cultural and
artistic touch to the decoration.

120. Why do many truckers in Pakistan hover around the workshops while their trucks are being
decorated?

- They provide input on subjects, alterations, and designs for their trucks, as the process usually takes
several weeks.

121. How often do the majority of truckers in Pakistan invest in a full makeover of their vehicles?

- The majority of truckers invest in a full makeover every three to four years to maintain the elaborate
and vibrant decoration.

122. What are some of the reasons why truckers in Pakistan invest in decorating their trucks?

- They decorate their trucks to express gratitude for prosperity, attract customers, and keep up with
the tradition of beautifully decorated trucks.

123. What does the tradition of decorating camels for caravans have in common with today’s truck art?

- Both traditions involve decorating vehicles, whether camels or trucks, to identify their origin and the
ethnic group of the driver.

124. What is the significance of the detailed and intricate artwork on the trucks in Pakistan?

- The detailed artwork on the trucks is a symbol of cultural expression, attracting attention, and
maintaining a rich tradition.
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125. What role does truck art play in identifying the region a truck comes from?

- The type of truck art and its symbols help identify the region a truck comes from in Pakistan, making
it easily recognizable.

126. How has the tradition of truck art become a symbol for Pakistan internationally?

- The elaborately decorated trucks, with their vibrant folk art, have become a recognized tourism
symbol for Pakistan, drawing international attention.

127. How much do truck owners in Pakistan often spend on painting and bodywork for their trucks?

- Truck owners in Pakistan often spend more on their trucks than on their houses, sometimes the
equivalent of two years’ profits for basic painting and bodywork.

128. What is the approximate cost of a recent lavish decoration job on a truck by a trucking magnate?

- A recent lavish decoration job on a truck by a trucking magnate cost over 3,000,000 rupees.

129. How much does Mohammad Ahmed from Murree spend to repaint his truck?

- Mohammad Ahmed from Murree is repainting his truck at a cost of 1,000,000 rupees.

130. What are some of the sources of funding for the expensive truck decorations?

- Funding for expensive truck decorations comes from savings, contributions from family members, and
sometimes loans.

131. Why do drivers believe that spending on truck decorations is well worth it?

- Drivers believe that a well-decorated truck not only reflects their skills but also helps protect their
loads from police scrutiny, as police are less likely to stop a well-painted truck.

132. How do the decorations on the trucks connect to the Mughal court decorations?

- The decorations on the trucks can be seen as a continuation of the court decoration of the Mughal
emperors, with mirrors and embroidery reminiscent of Mughal palace décor.

133. What are some of the diverse themes found in truck decorations in Pakistan?
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- Truck decorations in Pakistan feature themes ranging from film stars, cricket legends, and Pakistani
military heroes to scenes from Greek mythology, wildlife, mountain landscapes, and classical calligraphy.

134. How do some truck owners deck their trucks, making them resemble brides?

- Some truck owners decorate their trucks with hinna patterns on the bonnet, parandas on the side
mirrors, and bell chains on the mudguards to symbolize the border of a bride’s payals.

135. What is the significance of the beautifully wrought steel peepul leaves on some trucks?

- The steel peepul leaves, hung from view mirrors, are believed to protect the truck and driver from the
evil eye.

136. How did Americans get a taste of Pakistani truck painting in 2002?

- Americans got a taste of Pakistani truck painting in 2002 at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival in
Washington, D.C., where a truck was painted by Pakistani artists as outdoor artists in residence.

137. How expensive is it to decorate trucks in Pakistan?

- Decorating trucks can be very expensive, with truck owners often spending more on their trucks than
on their houses.

138. What are some of the reasons truck owners in Pakistan invest in elaborate truck decorations?

- Truck owners decorate their trucks for various reasons, including attracting customers and protecting
their cargo from police scrutiny.

139. How much did a trucking magnate spend on a recent decoration job that took over four months to
execute?

- A trucking magnate spent over 300,000 rupees on a recent decoration job that took more than four
months to complete.

140. What is the practical advantage of having a well-decorated truck, according to drivers in Pakistan?

- Well-decorated trucks are less likely to be stopped by the police, which offers a practical advantage to
drivers.
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141. What type of decorations can be found on Pakistani trucks, and what do they draw inspiration
from?

- Pakistani trucks feature decorations that draw inspiration from hunting scenes, floral designs, Mughal
court decoration, film stars, cricket legends, Pakistani military heroes, Greek mythology, and more.

142. How do some truck owners decorate their trucks like brides?

- Some truck owners decorate their trucks with henna patterns on the bonnet, parandas on the side
mirrors, and bell chains on the mudguards to symbolize the border of a bride’s payals.

143. What is the purpose of beautifully wrought steel peepul leaves on some trucks in Pakistan?

- These leaves protect the driver from the evil eye.

144. What is the significance of the Faysal Mosque image on a truck in Pakistan?

- The image of the Faysal Mosque is a dazzling reflecting image that adorns the chassis of a truck.

145. Where did Americans get a glimpse of Pakistani truck painting in 2002?

- Americans got a glimpse of Pakistani truck painting at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival in Washington,
D.C., when a truck painter and a bodywork expert brought a truck from Karachi and decorated it on the
National Mall.

146. What was the role of the truck painter and bodywork expert at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival?

- They served as outdoor artists in residence, decorating a truck from Pakistan for festival attendees to
see.

147. How would you describe the state of truck art in the twenty-first century?

- In the twenty-first century, truck art has reached an apogee, characterized by an explosion of brilliant
color and executed with great skill and inventiveness.

148. How does the author describe art, including paintings, in the context of its impact on the human
mind?

- The author describes art, including paintings, as an embodiment of everlasting beauty that provides a
joy that is permanent, unfading, and has an eternal impact on the human mind.
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149. What is the author’s perspective on the art found on truck panels?

- The art on truck panels is described as static and unchanging, representing the world of art.

150. What transition does the author suggest occurs when people encounter such art on the streets and
roads?

- When people encounter art on the streets and roads, they transition from the world of transience to
that of permanence for a while.

151. What does the author express hope for regarding these traditions?

- The author hopes that these traditions of art will be passed down to subsequent generations of
artists, ensuring their continuity.

Unit 5

The last leaf

152. Where is the setting of the story “The Last Leaf”?

- The story is set in Greenwich Village, a small part of the city west of Washington Square.

153. What are the streets in Greenwich Village known for?

- The streets in Greenwich Village are known for turning in different directions and being broken into
small pieces called “places.”

154. How do Sue and Johnsy, the main characters, decide to live and work together?

- Sue and Johnsy decide to live and work together after meeting at a restaurant on Eighth Street and
discovering their shared interests in art, food, and clothing.

155. What is the name of the sickness that enters Greenwich Village?

- The sickness that enters Greenwich Village is called Pneumonia.

156. Why does Pneumonia not move quickly in the narrow streets of Greenwich Village?

- Pneumonia does not move quickly in Greenwich Village because it is not as active in that area.
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157. What is Johnsy’s condition when she becomes ill?

- Johnsy becomes very ill and lies on her bed almost without moving.

158. What is Johnsy doing while lying in bed?

- Johnsy is looking through the window at the wall of the house next to hers.

159. How does the doctor describe Johnsy’s chances of survival to Sue?

- The doctor tells Sue that Johnsy has a very small chance of survival but adds that she has a chance if
she wants to live.

160. What does the doctor say about people who don’t want to live?

- The doctor explains that if people don’t want to live, there isn’t much that can be done for them.

161. What has Johnsy decided about her own chances of getting well?

- Johnsy has decided that she is not going to get well.

162. What are Sue and Johnsy’s backgrounds?

- Sue comes from Maine, and Johnsy comes from California.

163. How did Sue and Johnsy first meet?

- They first met at a restaurant on Eighth Street.

164. What did Sue and Johnsy discover they had in common?

- They discovered that they liked the same kind of art, food, and clothing.

165. What did the doctors call the sickness that entered Greenwich Village?

- The doctors called the sickness “Pneumonia.”

166. Why is Mr. Pneumonia described as not being a nice old gentleman?
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- Mr. Pneumonia is described as not being a nice old gentleman because he harms people, like Johnsy,
and is a dangerous illness.

167. What was the discovery that a painter once made about a street in Greenwich Village?

- The painter discovered that someone could walk down a street in Greenwich Village and suddenly
meet themselves coming back without having received any money.

168. What attracted artists to Greenwich Village in the story?

- Artists were attracted to Greenwich Village because they could find rooms with good light at a low
cost.

169. When did Sue and Johnsy decide to live and work together?

- Sue and Johnsy decided to live and work together in the spring.

170. What kind of sickness is Mr. Pneumonia in the story?

- Mr. Pneumonia is a bad and dangerous sickness in the story.

171. How does Mr. Pneumonia affect Johnsy’s condition?

- Mr. Pneumonia makes Johnsy very ill, and she lies almost motionless in her bed.

172. What is Johnsy looking at through the window while lying in bed?

- Johnsy is looking at the wall of the house next to hers through the window.

173. What does the doctor say about Johnsy’s chances of getting well?

- The doctor says that Johnsy has a very small chance of getting well, and it depends on whether she
wants to live.

174. What is the subject of Johnsy’s painting aspiration?

- Johnsy wants to paint a picture of the Bay of Naples in Italy.

175. How does Johnsy feel about the prospect of her recovery?

- Johnsy does not believe she will get well and has given up hope.

176. What does the doctor suggest as a possible solution to Johnsy’s condition?
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- The doctor suggests that talking to Johnsy about new winter clothes or something she is interested in
might improve her chances of recovery.

177. What is Sue’s emotional response to the doctor’s advice?

- Sue goes into the workroom to cry after the doctor’s visit.

178. What does Johnsy do while lying in bed that worries Sue?

- Johnsy is counting something outside the window, which worries Sue.

179. What is Johnsy counting outside the window?

- Johnsy is counting the falling leaves from an old tree against the wall of the next house.

180. How many leaves were on the tree three days ago, according to Johnsy?

- Three days ago, there were almost a hundred leaves on the tree.

181. Why does Johnsy believe that when the last leaf falls, she must go, too?

- Johnsy believes that when the last leaf falls, it signifies the end of her life.

182. What is Sue’s reaction to Johnsy’s belief about the last leaf?

- Sue finds Johnsy’s belief absurd and tells her not to be a fool.

183. How does Sue feel about Johnsy’s obsession with the old tree and the falling leaves?

- Sue is concerned and puzzled by Johnsy’s obsession with the tree and the falling leaves.

184. What does the doctor tell Sue about Johnsy’s chances for recovery?

- The doctor informs Sue that Johnsy’s chances for recovery are better if she is interested in the future.

185. What does Sue carry into Johnsy’s room when she visits her?

- Sue carries some of her painting materials into Johnsy’s room when she visits her.
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186. What is Johnsy’s physical condition like as she lies in bed?

- Johnsy is described as very thin and very quiet, with her face turned toward the window.

187. What sound does Sue hear repeatedly while working in the room?

- Sue hears a low, repeated sound coming from Johnsy’s room.

188. How does Johnsy count the falling leaves outside the window?

- Johnsy counts the falling leaves one by one, starting from a higher number and decreasing as the
leaves fall.

189. What does the doctor tell Sue about Johnsy’s chances for getting well?

- The doctor tells Sue that Johnsy has good chances for getting well and advises her to try eating.

190. Why does Johnsy want to see the last leaf fall before night?

- Johnsy wants to see the last leaf fall before night because she believes that when the last leaf falls,
she will also pass away.

191. How many leaves are left outside the window, according to Johnsy?

- There are four leaves left outside the window, according to Johnsy.

192. What does Sue ask Johnsy to promise?

- Sue asks Johnsy to promise to close her eyes and keep them closed, not looking out the window until
Sue finishes her work.

193. What does Sue need the light for?

- Sue needs the light to work on her picture.

194. Where does Sue want to work on her picture?

- Sue wants to work on her picture in the room with Johnsy.

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195. What does Johnsy suggest to Sue?

- Johnsy suggests that Sue could work in another room.

196. Why does Sue want to be in the same room as Johnsy while working?

- Sue wants to be in the same room as Johnsy to keep her company and care for her.

197. What does Johnsy say about eating and seeing the last leaf fall?

- Johnsy says she doesn’t want to eat, and she wants to see the last leaf fall before she goes.

198. What does Johnsy mean by “I have done enough waiting”?

- Johnsy means that she has waited long enough for the last leaf to fall.

199. What does Sue plan to do in the picture she’s working on?

- Sue plans to paint a man in the picture and make him look like Old Behrman.

200. Who is Old Behrman, and what is his attitude toward painting?

- Old Behrman is a painter who has not had success in his career. He has talked about painting a great
masterpiece but never started it. He lets others paint pictures of him. His attitude toward painting is one
of disappointment and unfulfilled dreams.

201. What does Sue tell Old Behrman about Johnsy and the falling leaves?

- Sue tells Old Behrman about Johnsy’s illness and her belief that she will die when the last leaf falls.

202. How does Old Behrman react to the idea that Johnsy might die when the leaves fall?

- Old Behrman is angered and finds the idea absurd. He shouts that people do not die because leaves
fall from a tree.

203. Why does Sue think Johnsy has such strange ideas?

- Sue attributes Johnsy’s strange ideas to her sickness, which has affected her mental state.

204. How does Sue try to encourage Johnsy to eat and get better?
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- Sue tries to encourage Johnsy to eat and get better by promising to buy more food for her and
suggesting that the doctor said she has good chances of getting well.

205. What is Johnsy’s response to Sue’s encouragement to eat?

- Johnsy refuses to eat and insists on watching the last leaf fall outside the window.

206. Why does Johnsy want to see the last leaf fall before night?

- Johnsy believes that when the last leaf falls, she, too, will go away, implying that she may not survive.

207. What does Sue ask Johnsy to promise regarding the window and her eyes?

- Sue asks Johnsy to promise to keep her eyes closed and not look out the window until Sue finishes
her work, as she needs the light.

208. What is Sue’s reason for not working in the other room?

- Sue wants to work in the same room as Johnsy to be by her side and keep her company.

209. Who does Sue plan to paint in her picture, and how does she want to depict him?

- Sue plans to paint a man in her picture and intends to make him look like Old Behrman, a painter who
lives in their house.

210. What is Behrman’s attitude when Sue tells him about Johnsy’s condition and belief about the falling
leaves?

- Old Behrman is angry and incredulous, exclaiming that people do not die because leaves fall from a
tree.

211. How does Sue explain Johnsy’s strange belief to Behrman?

- Sue attributes Johnsy’s strange belief to her illness, stating that the sickness has put such ideas into
her mind.

212. What does Sue say to persuade Behrman to come and sit for the painting?
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- Sue tells Behrman about Johnsy’s weakened condition and her fear that Johnsy may not survive. She
hopes that Behrman will help by posing for the painting.

213. How does Behrman react to Sue’s request for his help?

- Behrman refuses to come and sit for the painting, expressing anger and disbelief about Johnsy’s
belief and questioning why Sue would let her think such things.

214. How does Sue feel about Behrman’s refusal to help?

- Sue does not think very highly of Behrman’s response, finding him unsympathetic to Johnsy’s
condition.

215. What is Behrman’s artistic history, and what has he always talked about but never accomplished?

- Behrman has been a painter for forty years but has never painted a good picture. He has always
talked about painting a great masterpiece but has never started it.

216. How does Behrman make some money, and what does he still believe is his special duty?

- Behrman makes some money by letting others paint pictures of him. He still believes it is his special
duty to help Sue and Johnsy.

217. What idea does Behrman strongly object to?

- Behrman strongly objects to the idea that people die because leaves fall from a tree.

218. How does Sue describe Johnsy’s condition to Behrman?

- Sue describes Johnsy as very sick and weak, which has led to her having strange ideas and beliefs.

219. Who shouted, “This is like a woman!” in the passage?

- Behrman shouted this.

220. Why did Behrman shout that he would come with them?

- Behrman shouted he would come with them because he had been trying to say he would come for
half an hour.
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221. What did Sue do to the window when Johnsy was sleeping?

- Sue covered the window.

222. Where did Sue take Behrman when they went into the other room?

- Sue took Behrman into the other room.

223. What did Behrman and Sue do when they looked out the window at the tree?

- They looked out the window fearfully at the tree.

224. What was the weather like outside when Behrman and Sue were in the other room?

- A cold rain was falling with a little snow.

225. What did Sue start doing after Behrman sat down in the other room?

- Sue began to paint.

226. How long did Sue work through the night on her painting?

- She worked through most of the night.

227. What did Johnsy ask Sue to do in the morning?

- Johnsy asked Sue to uncover the window.

228. What did Johnsy see outside the window when the cover was removed?

- She saw the last leaf on the tree.

229. What was the color of the last leaf on the tree?

- It was still dark green near the branch but turning yellow at the edges with age.

230. Why did Johnsy think the leaf would fall during the day?

- Johnsy thought the leaf would fall because she heard the wind during the night.
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231. How did Sue react to Johnsy’s fear about the falling leaf?

- Sue expressed concern and asked Johnsy to think of her if not herself.

232. What did Johnsy say about the last leaf hanging on the tree?

- She believed it was there to show her how wrong it was to want to die.

233. What did Johnsy ask for after saying she would try to eat?

- She asked for a looking-glass to see herself and then wanted to sit up and watch Sue cook.

234. Who is the main character referred to as “Johnsy” in the passage?

- Johnsy is one of the main characters in the passage.

235. What weather conditions were prevalent during the night in the story?

- During the night, there was a cold rain with a little snow falling.

236. How did Sue react to Johnsy’s belief that she would die when the last leaf fell?

- Sue expressed concern and asked Johnsy to think of her if not herself.

237. What does Behrman do when he enters the other room with Sue?

- Behrman sat down in the other room.

238. Why did Behrman say, “This is not any place for someone so good as Johnsy to lie sick”?

- Behrman said this because he believed that the place was not suitable for someone as good as Johnsy
to be sick.

239. What does Johnsy ask Sue to bring to her before she tries to eat?

- Johnsy asks for a looking-glass to see herself.

240. Why did Johnsy consider herself a “bad girl”?

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- Johnsy considered herself a “bad girl” because she had thoughts of wanting to die.

241. What is the significance of the last leaf on the tree in the story?

- The last leaf on the tree symbolizes hope, and it plays a crucial role in Johnsy’s changing perspective
on life and death.

242. What did Sue cover the window with while Johnsy was sleeping?

- Sue covered the window with something to block the view of the outside.

243. How did Behrman feel about leaving the place and creating his masterpiece?

- Behrman expressed a desire to leave the place and create his masterpiece, indicating his artistic
ambitions.

244. Why did Johnsy want to see herself in a looking-glass?

- Johnsy wanted to see herself in a looking-glass to examine her appearance and possibly reflect on
her life.

245. What did Johnsy believe would happen when the last leaf fell?

- Johnsy believed that when the last leaf fell, it would signify her own impending death.

246. Why did Johnsy feel her ties to friendship and earth were breaking?

- Johnsy felt her ties to friendship and the earth were breaking because she believed she was
approaching death and a far journey.

247. What was the reaction of Johnsy when she saw the last leaf still hanging?

- Johnsy was surprised and relieved to see the last leaf still hanging and felt it was a symbol of hope.

248. What was the state of the last leaf on the tree in terms of its color and condition?

- The last leaf was still dark green near the branch but turning yellow with age at the edges.

249. Who said, “Sue, some day I hope to paint the Bay of Naples”?
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- Johnsy said this.

250. When did the doctor come to visit Johnsy?

- The doctor came in the afternoon.

251. What did the doctor say about Johnsy’s chances of getting well?

- The doctor said, “The chances are good.”

252. Who is Mr. Behrman, and what is his condition?

- Mr. Behrman is a painter, and he has pneumonia.

253. Where is Mr. Behrman being taken for treatment?

- Mr. Behrman is being taken to the hospital.

254. What is the doctor’s prognosis for Mr. Behrman’s condition?

- The doctor mentioned that there is no hope for Mr. Behrman.

255. How long was Mr. Behrman ill before he was found in his room?

- Mr. Behrman was ill for only two days before he was found.

256. Why was Mr. Behrman’s clothing wet and cold?

- Mr. Behrman’s clothing was wet and cold because the night had been cold and wild.

257. What did they find with Mr. Behrman when he was discovered in his room?

- They found his materials for painting, including green and yellow paint.

258. What did Mr. Behrman paint on the wall?

- Mr. Behrman painted the last leaf on the wall.

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259. Why is the last leaf on the wall significant?

- It is significant because it is considered Mr. Behrman’s great masterpiece, and he painted it the night
the last leaf fell.

260. How did Sue help Johnsy recover?

- Sue provided Johnsy with food and care, which contributed to her recovery.

261. What assurance did the doctor give Sue about Johnsy’s condition?

- The doctor told Sue that Johnsy is safe and that she will recover with proper care.

262. Why did they take Mr. Behrman to the hospital?

- They took Mr. Behrman to the hospital because he had pneumonia, and there was no hope for him.

263. What was the condition of Johnsy when the doctor first arrived?

- Johnsy was ill and in a fragile state when the doctor first arrived.

Unit 6 poem

If

264Q: What does Kipling advise about keeping one’s head?

A: To do so when others are losing theirs and blaming you.

265 How should one handle doubt according to Kipling?

**A:** Trust yourself while making allowance for others’ doubt.

266**Q:** What advice does Kipling give about waiting?

**A:** To wait without being tired and not deal in lies.

267**Q:** How should one react to being hated, according to the poem?

**A:** Not give in to hating and avoid looking too good or talking too wise.
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268**Q:** What does Kipling say about dreams in the poem?

**A:** Not to make dreams your master.

269**Q:** How should one treat Triumph and Disaster, according to Kipling?

**A:** Treat both as impostors and the same.

270**Q:** How does Kipling advise handling broken things in life?

**A:** Stoop and build them up with worn-out tools.

271**Q:** What does the poet say about risk and loss?

**A:** Risk all winnings on a turn of pitch-and-toss and start again after a loss.

272**Q:** How should one handle difficulties according to Kipling?

**A:** Hold on with the Will that says, “Hold on!”

273**Q:** How does Kipling advise interacting with crowds and Kings?

**A:** Keep virtue with crowds and not lose the common touch with Kings.

274 **Q:** What should you do when people around you are losing their composure?

- **A:** Keep your head.

273. **Q:** How should you respond when others doubt you?

- **A:** Trust yourself and make allowances for their doubts.

274 **Q:** What is the advice about waiting?

- **A:** Wait without getting tired and avoid dealing in lies.

275. **Q:** What does the poem say about being hated?

- **A:** Don’t give in to hating in return.

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276. **Q:** How does the poem advise on handling dreams?

- **A:** Don’t let dreams become your master.

277. **Q:** How should you treat Triumph and Disaster?

- **A:** Treat them both as impostors.

278. **Q:** How should you react when the truth you’ve spoken is twisted?

- **A:** Bear it without falling into traps for fools.

279. **Q:** What should you do when faced with losses?

- **A:** Start again without dwelling on your losses.

280. **Q:** What is the advice about facing challenges?

- **A:** Hold on with the will to endure.

281. **Q:** How should you interact with crowds and kings?

- **A:** Keep your virtue and common touch.

282. **Q:** How should you handle praise and criticism from others?

- **A:** Let neither foes nor loving friends hurt you.

283 **Q:** What should you do with your time?

- **A:** Fill each minute with sixty seconds’ worth of distance run.

284. **Q:** According to the poem, what will you be if you follow this advice?

- **A:** You’ll be a Man, my son.

Unit 7

Hubble
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285. Q: What is the primary observation when looking at the night sky?

A: Darkness with scattered glittering sparks.

286 Q: What limitation does our vision face when gazing at the stars?

A: Inability to bring the dazzling pinpoints into focus and observe their true nature.

287. Q: Who is credited with the idea of a telescope in orbit around Earth?

A: Arthur C. Clarke.

288. Q: What advantage did Clarke outline for an orbiting telescope over a ground-based one?

A: It would be above Earth’s turbulent atmosphere, avoiding blurring and twinkling.

289. Q: When did the Hubble Space Telescope begin its service?

A: Since 1990.

290. Q: What were the top priorities for Hubble according to scientific discussions before its launch?

A: Measure the expansion rate of the universe, find distant galaxies, and determine the chemical
content of space.

291. Q: Who suggested the concept of a telescope in orbit around Earth?

A: Arthur C. Clarke.

292. Q: What interference does Earth’s atmosphere cause for ground-based telescopes?

A: It blurs the view and makes stars twinkle.

293. Q: What is the purpose of Hubble’s orbiting position?

A: To avoid interference from Earth’s atmosphere and provide a clear view of the universe.

294Q: What did astronomers expect Hubble’s most important discoveries to address?
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A: Questions that astronomers did not know how to ask and finding objects not yet conceived.

295Q: What did Hubble aim to measure regarding the universe’s expansion?

A: The expansion rate.

296Q: Who is considered instrumental in popularizing the idea of a space telescope?

A: Arthur C. Clarke.

297Q: What is the significance of Hubble’s ability to survey the complete sphere of the sky?

A: It allows for comprehensive observations without limitations.

298Q: When was Hubble launched into orbit around Earth?

A: 1990.

299Q: What does Hubble’s orbiting position help it avoid?

A: Earth’s turbulent atmosphere that blurs the view.

300Q: What was Hubble expected to find in terms of distant galaxies?

A: To locate them.

301Q: Why did scientists prefer an orbiting telescope over one on the Moon’s surface?

A: To avoid the Moon’s tenuous atmosphere affecting delicate observations.

302Q: According to Clarke, what advantage does an observatory in space have over one on the
Moon?

A: The ability to survey the complete sphere of the sky.

303Q: What did astronomers anticipate Hubble might discover that was not yet conceived?

A: Objects and answers to questions unknown to astronomers.

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304Q: What did Hubble’s most important discoveries aim to address?

A: Questions that astronomers did not yet know how to ask and finding unforeseen objects.

305Q: What celestial objects are scattered across the night sky?

A: Glittering sparks, commonly known as stars.

306Q: Who authored the science book that first mentioned the concept of a space telescope?

A: Arthur C. Clarke.

307Q: What did Hubble aim to reveal about the space between galaxies?

A: The chemical content.

308Q: Why did scientists consider the Moon’s surface for a telescope installation?

A: It was suggested decades earlier, but Clarke argued for the advantages of an orbiting telescope.

309Q: What does Hubble’s orbiting telescope provide compared to ground-based ones?

A: A clear view above Earth’s turbulent atmosphere.

310Q: What were the key tasks on Hubble’s to-do list before its launch?

A: Measure the expansion rate of the universe, find distant galaxies, and analyze intergalactic chemical
content.

311Q: What challenges does Earth’s atmosphere pose for ground-based telescopes?

A: It blurs the view and causes stars to twinkle.

312Q: What did astronomers expect Hubble to find regarding distant galaxies?

A: To determine their locations.

313Q: Who envisioned an observatory in space that could survey the complete sphere of the sky?
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A: Arthur C. Clarke.

314Q: What did Hubble’s service begin, and when was it launched into orbit?

A: It began in 1990 when it was launched into orbit.

315Q: What did scientists anticipate Hubble might discover beyond their expectations?

A: Objects not yet conceived and answers to unknown questions.

316: Why did Clarke argue against a telescope on the Moon’s surface?

A: Even the Moon’s tenuous atmosphere might affect delicate observations.

317Q: What interference does Hubble avoid by being in orbit around Earth?

A: Interference from Earth’s turbulent atmosphere.

318Q: What was the primary observation of the night sky mentioned in the passage?

A: Darkness with scattered glittering sparks.

319Q: According to Clarke, what did an orbiting telescope provide compared to a surface-based one?

A: The ability to survey the complete sphere of the sky.

320Q: What is the significance of Hubble’s ability to find distant galaxies?

A: It expands our understanding of the universe’s vastness.

321Q: How does Hubble contribute to our understanding of the universe’s expansion?

A: By measuring the expansion rate.

322Q: What did astronomers expect Hubble’s top priorities to address before its launch?

A: Questions that astronomers didn’t know how to ask and the discovery of unknown objects.
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323Q: What surprising impact did Hubble’s photographs of deep space have?

A: They were jaw-droppingly beautiful and appealed viscerally to an entire generation.

324Q: How far above Earth’s surface does Hubble orbit?

A: 353 miles (569 km).

325Q: What makes Hubble’s view unique compared to ground-based telescopes?

A: It is free of Earth’s atmosphere, providing a pristine view unmatchable by ground-based telescopes.

326Q: What organizations are involved in the joint project of Hubble?

A: NASA and the European Space Agency.

327Q: What is Hubble’s speed as it orbits Earth?

A: About five miles per second (8 km per second).

328Q: How many times does Hubble circle Earth during the course of a year?

A: Over 5,000 times.

329Q: How does Hubble’s sensitivity compare to the human eye?

A: If the human eye were as sensitive as Hubble’s, it could see the glow of fireflies in London from
Islamabad.

330Q: In how much time does Hubble orbit Earth once?

A: Every 97 minutes.

331Q: What can Hubble reveal about storms on Jupiter?

A: The nature of storms on Jupiter.

332Q: What does Hubble’s super vision show us about the cosmos?
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A: Places never seen by any generation of humans before, including galaxies merging and stars
erupting.

333Q: What term describes the universe revealed by Hubble’s images?

A: An “undiscovered country” of discordant objects, violent explosions, and cataclysmic collisions.

334Q: How fast does Hubble move in relation to Earth?

A: About five miles per second (8 km per second).

335Q: What plays out against the pitch-black backdrop of the cosmos?

A: Drama including galaxies merging, stars erupting, and newly formed stars shooting out saber-like
jets of gas.

336Q: What does a single Hubble snapshot portray about the universe?

A: It can be both awesome and chaotic, mysterious and foreboding.

337Q: What boundaries does the Hubble story about the universe transcend?

A: National, political, and ideological boundaries.

338Q: What is the impact of Hubble images on people of all ages?

A: They are overpowering and humbling, touching people universally.

339Q: How long has the Hubble Telescope been in service since its launch?

A: Since 1990.

340Q: How many observations has the Hubble Telescope made since its launch?

A: More than one million.

341Q: How many celestial objects has Hubble looked at?

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A: Over 38,000.

342Q: How many images are there in the Hubble archives?

A: More than half a million.

343Q: What is the equivalent amount of astronomer data collected by Hubble?

A: About 50 million books.

344Q: How does the Hubble data collection compare to the US Library of Congress?

A: It is five times the size of the Library of Congress’s collection.

345Q: What makes Hubble a household word?

A: Its association with spectacular images of the cosmos.

346Q: What does Hubble’s position above Earth’s atmosphere prevent?

A: It prevents the distortion and blocking of light from the cosmos.

347Q: What kind of view does Hubble provide compared to ground-based telescopes?

A: A pristine view typically unmatchable by ground-based telescopes.

348Q: What celestial phenomena can Hubble observe due to its orbit?

A: Everything from storms on Jupiter to the most distant galaxies in the universe.

349Q: What does Hubble’s super vision unveil about the cosmos?

A: An “undiscovered country” of discordant objects, violent explosions, and cataclysmic collisions.

350Q: What is the speed of Hubble’s orbit around Earth?

A: About five miles per second (8 km per second).

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351Q: What analogy is used to describe Hubble’s sensitivity compared to the human eye?

A: If the man’s eye were as sensitive as Hubble’s, he could see the glow of a pair of fireflies in London
from Islamabad.

352Q: How does Hubble contribute to our understanding of the universe’s vastness?

A: By showing places in the cosmos that no generation of humans before us has ever seen.

353Q: What is the significance of Hubble’s images in terms of our place in the universe?

A: They are a reminder that we inhabit a small planet in a vast universe with many remaining
unknowns.

354Q: What is the nature of the drama played out against the pitch-black backdrop?

A: Galaxies collide, stars erupt from firestorms, and newly formed stars shoot out saber-like jets of gas.

355Q: How does a single Hubble snapshot portray the universe?

A: As awesome, mysterious, breathtaking, chaotic, overwhelming, and foreboding.

356Q: What is the primary observation of the night sky mentioned in the passage?

A: Darkness with scattered glittering sparks.

357Q: According to Clarke, what did an orbiting telescope provide compared to a surface-based one?

A: The ability to survey the complete sphere of the sky.

358Q: What is the purpose of Hubble’s orbiting position?

A: To avoid interference from Earth’s turbulent atmosphere and provide a clear view of the universe.

359Q: What did astronomers anticipate Hubble might discover that was not yet conceived?

A: Objects and answers to questions unknown to astronomers.

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360Q: What did Hubble’s most important discoveries aim to address?

A: Questions that astronomers did not yet know how to ask and finding unforeseen objects.

361Q: What did Hubble aim to measure regarding the universe’s expansion?

A: The expansion rate.

362Q: Who is considered instrumental in popularizing the idea of a space telescope?

A: Arthur C. Clarke.

363Q: Who is the early-20th-century American astronomer credited with the discovery that galaxies
are huge systems of billions of stars?

A: Edwin P. Hubble.

364Q: In which year was the most powerful space camera ever built installed on Hubble?

A: 2009.

365Q: What did Edwin P. Hubble discover in the 1920s?

A: That galaxies are huge, remote systems of billions of stars.

366Q: How did the Hubble perform after the installation of the powerful space camera in 2009?

A: It performed at a higher level than ever before.

367Q: What does the light from the farthest objects in the universe that reaches us today
represent?

A: Light that left those objects billions of years ago, showing us how they appeared long ago.

368Q: What was the resolution capability of telescopes before Hubble in terms of distant galaxies?

A: No telescope before Hubble had the resolution to see these distant galaxies.

369Q: How many galaxies were discovered when astronomers focused Hubble on an apparently
empty patch of sky for 10 days?
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A: 10,000 galaxies.

370Q: How does the size of the patch of sky covered by the Hubble Deep Field compare to a
pinhead held at arm’s length?

A: Smaller than the size of a pinhead held at arm’s length.

371Q: How many Hubble images with comparable exposure would be required to photograph
the entire sky in the detail of the Hubble Deep Field?

A: 13 million.

372Q: What is the term used for the stunning image resulting from focusing Hubble on an empty
patch of sky for 10 days?

A: The Hubble Deep Field.

373Q: When did the composition of the cosmos come into focus?

A: In the late 1990s and early into the first decade of the 21st century.

374Q: What percentage of the universe’s total contents is composed of familiar celestial objects
like planets, stars, and galaxies?

A: Less than 1 percent.

375Q: What makes up about 3 percent of the universe’s total contents?

A: Non-luminous matter, mostly hydrogen dispersed throughout space.

376Q: What are the remaining contents of the universe described as?

A: Largely mysterious dark matter and completely mysterious dark energy.

377Q: How did the universe start, and what has been happening since then?

A: It started with a bang and has been expanding ever since.

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378Q: What is the primary component of the space between galaxies?

A: Mostly hydrogen dispersed throughout space.

379Q: What did the data received by Hubble reveal about the universe’s expansion?

A: It wasn’t slowing down but speeding up, as though something were propelling it faster and faster.

380Q: What celestial bodies has Hubble thoroughly studied that are considered typical of middle-
aged stars?

A: Stars formed from a collapsed cloud of gas and dust.

381Q: Which star is the closest to Earth?

A: The Sun.

382Q: Where are stars born, and what is one example of a stellar nursery mentioned in the
passage?

A: Stars are born in clouds of gas and dust, and the Orion Nebula is one such stellar nursery.

383Q: What did Edwin P. Hubble discover about galaxies in the 1920s?

A: That they are huge, remote systems of billions of stars.

384Q: What significant improvement did Hubble undergo in 2009?

A: The installation of the most powerful space camera ever built.

385Q: What is the purpose of focusing Hubble on an apparently empty patch of sky for 10 days?

A: To discover galaxies at various stages of evolution.

386Q: How does the size of the Hubble Deep Field compare to the size of a pinhead held at arm’s
length?

A: Smaller than the size of a pinhead.

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387Q: How many images would be required to photograph the entire sky in the detail of the
Hubble Deep Field?

A: 13 million.

388Q: When did the composition of the cosmos become clearer?

A: In the late 1990s and early 21st century.

389Q: What percentage of the universe’s contents is composed of familiar celestial objects?

A: Less than 1 percent.

390Q: What makes up about 3 percent of the universe’s total contents?

A: Non-luminous matter, mostly hydrogen.

391Q: What term is used for the mysterious components of the universe mentioned in the passage?

A: Dark matter and dark energy.

392Q: What has been happening to the universe since its beginning with a bang?

A: It has been expanding.

393Q: What did the data received by Hubble reveal about the universe’s expansion?

A: It is not slowing down but speeding up.

394Q: What has Hubble thoroughly studied in terms of stars?

A: Stars considered typical of middle-aged stars.

495Q: What is the closest star to Earth?

A: The Sun.

396Q: Where are stars born, and what is one example of a stellar nursery mentioned in the passage?
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A: Stars are born in clouds of gas and dust, and the Orion Nebula is one such stellar nursery.

397Q: Who is credited with the discovery that galaxies are huge systems of billions of stars?

A: Edwin P. Hubble.

398Q: When was the most powerful space camera ever built installed on Hubble?

A: 2009.

399Q: What did Edwin P. Hubble discover in the 1920s?

A: That galaxies are huge, remote systems of billions of stars.

400Q: How did the Hubble perform after the installation of the powerful space camera in 2009?

A: It performed at a higher level than ever before.

401Q: What does the light from the farthest objects in the universe that reaches us today
represent?

A: Light that left those objects billions of years ago, showing us how they appeared long ago.

402Q: What was the resolution capability of telescopes before Hubble in terms of distant galaxies?

A: No telescope before Hubble had the resolution to see these distant galaxies.

403Q: What are the high-density regions within clouds called?

A: These high-density regions within clouds are termed “knots,” where there is a concentration of
sufficient mass that initiates the process of gravitational attraction, leading to the collapse of gas and
dust.

404Q: What happens as gas and dust collapse under gravitational attraction within clouds?

A: As gas and dust collapse under the influence of gravitational attraction within clouds, it creates high-
density regions known as knots. Within these knots, there is sufficient mass for the material to undergo
gravitational collapse, leading to the formation of protostars.
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405Q: What ignites fusion in a protostar, leading to its birth?

A: Fusion in a protostar is ignited when the core of the collapsing material becomes hot enough due to
the pressure generated by gravity. This significant heat triggers the fusion process, marking the birth of a
star.

406Q: What can remaining dust in a collapsing cloud become if it doesn’t form a star?

A: In the event that the collapsing cloud doesn’t entirely form a star, the remaining dust within it can
take on various fates, such as contributing to the formation of planets, asteroids, comets, or persisting as
dust in the interstellar medium.

407Q: How does the chemical makeup of stars, revealed through spectroscopy, depend on their
origin?

A: The chemical composition of stars, unveiled through spectroscopic analysis, is contingent on the
material from which they originate. The early universe saw the formation of stars from matter that
lacked most elements, primarily comprising hydrogen and helium.

408Q: What elements were present in matter forming stars in the early universe?

A: In the nascent stages of the universe, stars originated from matter that was predominantly
composed of hydrogen and helium, with most other chemical elements notably absent.

409Q: How are other chemical elements created in the universe?

A: Additional chemical elements beyond hydrogen and helium are forged within the interiors of stars
through intricate nuclear fusion processes. These newly synthesized elements are subsequently recycled
into subsequent generations of stars and planets.

409Q: What happens to the new material created in stars?

A: The novel material generated through nuclear fusion processes in stars is eventually recycled into
subsequent stellar generations and planetary systems, forming a continuous cycle within the dynamic
processes of the cosmos.

410Q: What can happen to the most massive stars when their nuclear fuel is exhausted?

A: The most massive stars, upon depleting their nuclear fuel, can undergo a spectacular explosion
known as a supernova. Following this event, they may leave behind remnants such as neutron stars,
black holes, or, in some cases, no remnants at all.
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411Q: What can be left behind after the explosion of the most massive stars?

A: The cataclysmic explosion of the most massive stars, known as a supernova, can leave behind
various remnants, including neutron stars, black holes, or, in certain instances, no remnants at all,
depending on the magnitude of the explosion.

412Q: What holds galaxies together?

A: The gravitational force is the fundamental factor that holds galaxies together. Galaxies are vast
cosmic entities comprising stars, gas, dust, and dark matter, and their collective gravitational interaction
ensures their cohesion.

413Q: What has Hubble revealed about galaxies, including their shapes and structures?

A: Hubble has provided profound insights into the intricate details of galaxies, unraveling information
about their shapes, structures, and evolutionary histories. Its observational prowess extends to capturing
phenomena such as supermassive black holes at galactic centers, bursts of star formation, and colossal
collisions between galaxies.

414Q: What are galaxies composed of?

A: Galaxies are cosmic assemblages consisting of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter. The intricate
interplay of these components, governed by gravity, defines the nature and characteristics of individual
galaxies.

415Q: What types of details has Hubble observed in galaxies?

A: Hubble has scrutinized galaxies with remarkable precision, uncovering intricate details such as their
shapes, structures, and developmental trajectories. From supermassive black holes at galactic centers to
intense bursts of star formation and dramatic galactic collisions, Hubble’s observations offer a
comprehensive understanding of galactic phenomena.

416Q: What is found at the centers of some galaxies, according to Hubble’s observations?

A: Hubble’s observations have identified the presence of supermassive black holes at the centers of
certain galaxies. These colossal black holes exert a profound influence on the surrounding galactic
environment.

417Q: How do astronomers classify galaxies?

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A: Astronomers classify galaxies into three major categories based on their shapes: elliptical, spiral,
and irregular. Each category represents distinct morphological characteristics, offering a framework for
understanding the diversity of galaxies in the universe.

418Q: What range of sizes do galaxies span?

A: Galaxies exhibit a vast range of sizes, encompassing dwarf galaxies containing as few as 100 million
stars to giant galaxies that boast a staggering population of over a trillion stars. This extensive size
spectrum contributes to the diversity observed in galactic structures.

419Q: What are the high-density regions within clouds called?

A: Knots.

420Q: What happens as gas and dust collapse under gravitational attraction within clouds?

A: It creates protostars at the center.

421Q: What ignites fusion in a protostar, leading to its birth?

A: When the core becomes hot enough.

422Q: What can remaining dust in a collapsing cloud become if it doesn’t form a star?

A: Planets, asteroids, or comets.

423Q: How does the chemical makeup of stars, revealed through spectroscopy, depend on their
origin?

A: It depends on the matter from which they originate.

424Q: What elements were present in matter forming stars in the early universe?

A: Mostly hydrogen and helium.

425Q: How are other chemical elements created in the universe?

A: Through nuclear fusion processes in the interior of stars.

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426Q: What happens to the new material created in stars?

A: It is recycled into subsequent generations of stars and planets.

427Q: What can happen to the most massive stars when their nuclear fuel is exhausted?

A: They can explode in a spectacular fashion called supernova.

428Q: What can be left behind after the explosion of the most massive stars?

A: Neutron stars, black holes, or nothing at all.

429Q: What holds galaxies together?

A: Gravity.

430Q: What has Hubble revealed about galaxies, including their shapes and structures?

A: Intricate details of their shapes, structures, and histories.

431Q: What are galaxies composed of?

A: Stars, gas, dust, and dark matter.

432Q: What types of details has Hubble observed in galaxies?

A: Shapes, structures, and histories.

433Q: What is found at the centers of some galaxies, according to Hubble’s observations?

A: Supermassive black holes.

434Q: How do astronomers classify galaxies?

A: Into three major categories: elliptical, spiral, and irregular.

435Q: What range of sizes do galaxies span?

A: From dwarf galaxies with 100 million stars to giant galaxies with more than a trillion stars.
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436Q: What characterizes elliptical galaxies in terms of gas, dust, and star formation?

A: They have little gas and dust and are not actively forming stars anymore.

437Q: What is the largest type of elliptical galaxy, and how big can it be?

A: Giant ellipticals, and they can be about 300,000 light-years across.

438Q: How do astronomers think giant ellipticals form?

A: Through the mergers of smaller galaxies.

439Q: What is the common characteristic of dwarf elliptical galaxies?

A: They are only a few thousand light-years wide.

440Q: What tool does Hubble use to determine the detailed chemistry in star cluster members?

A: Spectroscopy.

441Q: What information can scientists determine about star cluster members using Hubble?

A: Their luminosities and temperatures.

442Q: What can the detailed chemistry in star cluster members reveal?

A: Information about their origins and evolutionary processes.

443Q: What do astronomers use Hubble’s precise observations for in star clusters?

A: To study the properties and life cycles of stars within those clusters.

444Q: How do astronomers categorize galaxies?

A: Into elliptical, spiral, and irregular categories.

445Q: What is the composition of elliptical galaxies in terms of gas and dust?
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A: They possess comparatively little gas and dust.

446Q: What kind of stars are found in elliptical galaxies?

A: Older stars.

447Q: What is the size range of galaxies, from dwarf to giant?

A: From dwarf galaxies with 100 million stars to giant galaxies with more than a trillion stars.

448Q: What is the most common type of galaxy, making up about one-third of all galaxies?

A: Elliptical galaxies.

449Q: What are dwarf elliptical galaxies like in terms of size?

A: Only a few thousand light-years wide.

450Q: How do astronomers classify galaxies based on their shapes?

A: Into elliptical, spiral, and irregular categories.

451Q: What does Hubble use to study star clusters and galaxies?

A: Spectroscopy.

452Q: What is left behind when the most massive stars exhaust their nuclear fuel?

A: Neutron stars, black holes, or nothing at all.

453Q: What creates high-density regions within clouds?

A: Knots.

454Q: What does the chemical makeup of stars depend on?

A: The matter from which they originate.

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455Q: What was present in matter forming stars in the early universe?

A: Mostly hydrogen and helium.

556Q: How are new chemical elements created in the universe?

A: Through nuclear fusion processes in the interior of stars.

557Q: What holds galaxies together?

A: Gravity.

558Q: What has Hubble revealed about galaxies?

A: Intricate details of their shapes, structures, and histories.

559Q: How do spiral galaxies typically appear, and what colors do they exhibit?

A: Spiral galaxies appear as flat, blue-white disks of stars, gas, and dust, with yellowish bulges in their
centers.

560Q: What are the two main groups into which spiral galaxies are divided?

A: Normal spirals and barred spirals.

561Q: What is a common characteristic of spiral galaxies in terms of star formation?

A: Spirals are actively forming stars and constitute a significant portion of galaxies in the local universe.

562Q: How are irregular galaxies described in terms of dust and shape?

A: Irregular galaxies have very little dust and are neither disk-like nor elliptical in shape.

563Q: When are irregular galaxies often observed by astronomers, and what is their prevalence
in the early universe?

A: Irregular galaxies are often observed as astronomers peer deeply into the universe, and they were
abundant in the early universe before spirals and ellipticals developed.
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564Q: What are some examples of galaxies in a transitory phase of development mentioned in
the passage?

A: Galaxies in the process of colliding or interacting and those with active nuclei ejecting jets of gas.

565Q: How do galaxies interact and collide, and what effects can occur during collisions?

A: Galaxies interact and collide, but due to immense distances, their stars don’t crash. However,
gravitational interactions can create new waves of star formation, supernovas, and even black holes.
Collisions distort a galaxy’s shape.

566Q: What is the destiny of the Milky Way galaxy in terms of collision?

A: The Milky Way is destined for a collision with the neighboring spiral Andromeda galaxy in about four
billion years.

567Q: What will likely happen to the Sun during the collision of the Milky Way and Andromeda
galaxies?

A: The Sun will likely be flung into a new region of our galaxy.

568Q: Is Earth and our solar system in danger of being destroyed during the collision of the Milky
Way and Andromeda galaxies?

A: No, Earth and our solar system are in no danger of being destroyed.

569Q: How far away is the Andromeda galaxy now, and why is it moving towards the Milky Way?

A: Andromeda is now 2.5 million light-years away, but it is moving toward the Milky Way due to the
mutual pull of gravity between the two galaxies and the invisible dark matter surrounding them.

570Q: How are galaxies shaped over billions of years, according to the passage?

A: The appearance and make-up of galaxies are shaped over billions of years by interactions with
groups of stars and other galaxies.

571Q: What idea about the universe did astronomers’ observations lead to?

A: Astronomers’ observations led to the idea that the universe is expanding.

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572Q: What is the estimated age of the universe based on the rate of expansion?

A: The estimated age of the universe is 13.8 billion years.

573Q: What was the early universe mainly filled with, in terms of elements?

A: The early universe was mainly filled with hydrogen and helium.

574Q: How do astronomers classify spiral galaxies based on their appearance?

A: Spiral galaxies are classified as either normal spirals or barred spirals based on their appearance.

575Q: What are irregular galaxies like in terms of dust and shape?

A: Irregular galaxies have very little dust and do not have a defined disk-like or elliptical shape.

576Q: What happens to galaxies during collisions, and why don’t stars crash into each other?

A: Galaxies pass through each other during collisions, and stars don’t crash due to the immense
distances between them. Gravitational interactions during collisions can lead to various effects such as
new star formation, supernovas, and black holes.

577Q: What is the destiny of the Milky Way galaxy in terms of collision?

A: The Milky Way is destined to collide with the neighboring spiral Andromeda galaxy in about four
billion years.

578Q: Is Earth in danger of being destroyed during the collision of the Milky Way and Andromeda
galaxies?

A: No, Earth is not in danger of being destroyed during the collision of the Milky Way and Andromeda
galaxies.

579Q: What caused the gas in small clouds to collapse and form the first generation of stars?

A: Gravity caused the gas in small clouds to collapse and form the first generation of stars.

580Q: How did gravity influence the formation of stars as clouds collapsed?

A: Gravity continued to collapse clouds, causing them to come close to each other, collide, and form
larger, spinning packs.
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581Q: What happened as the collapsing clouds further condensed into rotating disks?

A: The collapsing clouds became rotating disks, accumulating more gas and dust, leading to the
formation of new stars and extensive spiral arms.

582Q: What did Hubble study in 2000 that marked a significant advancement in our understanding
of exoplanets?

A: Hubble studied the exoplanet HD 209458 b, marking the first detection of an exoplanet’s
atmosphere through transits across its star.

583Q: How does a planet’s atmosphere affect the light from its star during a transit, according to
Hubble’s observations?

A: A small amount of light from the star is absorbed by the gas in the planet’s atmosphere, leaving
chemical “fingerprints” in the star’s light.

584Q: What was the significance of Hubble’s detection of sodium in the atmosphere of HD 209458
b?

A: It marked the first direct detection of an exoplanet’s atmosphere and the identification of sodium
gas in the planet’s atmosphere.

585Q: What did Hubble detect in the atmosphere of exoplanet HD 189733 b, located 63 light-years
away?

A: Hubble detected methane, making it the first identified organic molecule in the atmosphere of a
planet outside our solar system.

586Q: What scientific milestone did Hubble achieve in 2018 regarding Earth-sized planets in their
star’s habitable zone?

A: Hubble conducted the first spectroscopic survey of Earth-sized planets in their star’s habitable zone,
exploring the potential for liquid water and the key to life.

587Q: Where is exoplanet HD 189733 b located, and what organic molecule did Hubble detect in its
atmosphere?
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A: HD 189733 b is located 63 light-years away, and Hubble detected methane, the first organic
molecule identified in its atmosphere.

588Q: What is the habitable zone, and why is it significant in the search for life beyond our solar
system?

A: The habitable zone is a region at a distance from the star where liquid water, crucial for life as we
know it, could exist on a planet’s surface.

589Q: How did Hubble contribute to the study of Earth-sized planets in their star’s habitable zone?

A: Hubble conducted the first spectroscopic survey of several Earth-sized planets in their star’s
habitable zone, investigating their potential for hosting liquid water.

590Q: What did astronomers use to identify the first organic molecule in the atmosphere of an
exoplanet?

A: Astronomers used Hubble to identify methane as the first organic molecule in the atmosphere of
exoplanet HD 189733 b.

591Q: What marked a significant leap forward in the search for exoplanets?

A: The study of exoplanet HD 209458 b in 2000 marked a significant leap forward in the search for
exoplanets.

592Q: What do the chemical “fingerprints” in a star’s light during a planet’s transit reveal?

A: The chemical fingerprints reveal the composition of the planet’s atmosphere during a transit.

593Q: How did gravity play a role in the formation of stars in the early universe?

A: Gravity caused gas clouds to collapse, forming the first generation of stars, and as other clouds
collided, larger spinning packs of stars were created.

594Q: What did Hubble discover in the atmosphere of exoplanet HD 209458 b during its transit?

A: Hubble detected the signature of sodium that did not belong to the star, indicating the presence of
sodium gas in the planet’s atmosphere.
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595Q: What is the distance from Earth to the exoplanet HD 189733 b?

A: HD 189733 b is located 63 light-years away from Earth.

596Q: How did Hubble’s observations advance our understanding of planets beyond our solar
system?

A: Hubble’s observations, especially studying transits and atmospheres, provided crucial insights into
the nature of exoplanets, despite the challenges of direct observation.

597lQ: What is the estimated age of the universe, and how was it determined?

A: The estimated age of the universe is 13.8 billion years, determined based on the rate of expansion
as inferred from astronomers’ observations.

598Q: What has been a key challenge in studying planets beyond our solar system?

A: Directly seeing planets in other solar systems has been a key challenge in studying them, leading
astronomers to develop innovative ways to hunt for exoplanets.

599Q: How many planets did astronomers find orbiting the red dwarf star TRAPPIST-1?

A: Astronomers found seven planets orbiting the red dwarf star TRAPPIST-1.

600Q: How many planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system lie in the star’s habitable zone?

A: Four of the planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system lie in the star’s habitable zone.

601Q: What did Hubble reveal about the atmospheres of three habitable-zone exoplanets in the
TRAPPIST-1 system?

A: Hubble revealed that three habitable-zone exoplanets in the TRAPPIST-1 system do not exhibit puffy,
hydrogen-rich atmospheres, suggesting atmospheres richer in heavier gases like those found on Earth.

602Q: Which gases were mentioned as potentially present in the atmospheres of habitable-zone
exoplanets?

A: The atmospheres of habitable-zone exoplanets may be rich in gases like carbon dioxide, methane,
and oxygen.
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603Q: What advanced technology is mentioned as crucial for studying smaller planets with
greater precision?

A: The James Webb Space Telescope is mentioned as advanced technology crucial for studying smaller
planets with greater precision.

604Q: What could future atmospheric observations, similar to those by Hubble, reveal about distant
worlds?

A: Future atmospheric observations could reveal chemical signatures of life on distant worlds.

605: Why are exoplanets difficult to find, according to the passage?

A: Exoplanets are challenging to find because seeing them directly is likened to looking for a firefly next
to a lighthouse from a mile away.

607Q: What role does Hubble continue to play in the search for and study of planets around other
stars?

A: Hubble continues to make significant contributions to the search for and study of planets around
other stars due to its longevity, stability, and instrumental sensitivity.

608Q: What is the suggested role of the James Webb Space Telescope in advancing exoplanet
studies?

A: The James Webb Space Telescope is expected to provide more powerful telescopes and advanced
technologies for greater precision in studying smaller planets.

609Q: What analogy is used to describe the difficulty of seeing exoplanets directly?

A: Seeing exoplanets directly is likened to looking for a firefly next to a lighthouse from a mile away.

610Q: What distinguishes Hubble as a unique asset in the quest for understanding alien worlds?

A: Hubble’s longevity, stability, and instrumental sensitivity distinguish it as a unique asset in the quest
for understanding alien worlds.

611Q: What role do atmospheric observations by Hubble play in the study of exoplanets?
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A: Atmospheric observations by Hubble contribute to understanding the composition and

characteristics of exoplanets, such as the nature of their atmospheres.

612Q: What historical significance is attributed to the Hubble Space Telescope in the passage?

A: The Hubble Space Telescope is considered one of the greatest manifestations of pure human
curiosity and is expected to be remembered as such in history texts.

613Q: What is the potential future outcome if life exists among the stars, according to the passage?

A: If life exists among the stars, future atmospheric observations similar to those by Hubble could
reveal chemical signatures, offering a potential means of detection.

614Q: What is the suggested purpose of great historical monuments like the Great Pyramids and the
Great Wall of China?

A: The passage suggests that great historical monuments like the Great Pyramids and the Great Wall of
China served as expressions of cultural beliefs or practical purposes, such as defense.

Unit 8

Lessons from the battle of uhud

615Q: What event prompted the Quraish of Mecca to march towards Madina?

A: The ignominy of defeat in the Battle of Badar prompted the Quraish of Mecca to settle the score
with Muslims by marching towards Madina.

616Q: Who was the commander-in-chief leading the Quraish forces in the Battle of Uhud?

A: Abu Sufian was the commander-in-chief leading the Quraish forces in the Battle of Uhud.

617Q: What was the initial strength of the Muslim army before Abdullah Bin Ubbay’s withdrawal?

A: The initial strength of the Muslim army was one thousand before Abdullah Bin Ubbay, the
hypocrite, withdrew his three hundred men.

618Q: What strategy did the beloved Rasool initially prefer for the Battle of Uhud?

A: The beloved Rasool initially preferred a defensive strategy, suggesting the beleaguering of Madina
to dissipate the strength of the enemy.
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619Q: Why did the younger elements among Muslims insist on an open-field battle outside
Madina?

A: The younger elements among Muslims insisted on an open-field battle outside Madina due to
their intense desire to annihilate the belligerent enemy.

620Q: Where did the Muslim army position itself during the Battle of Uhud?

A: The Muslim army positioned itself at Uhud, a barren mountain a few miles away from Madina.

621Q: Why did the beloved Rasool post fifty archers on the right flank during the Battle of Uhud?

A: The beloved Rasool posted fifty archers on the right flank to guard against a charge by the
enemy’s cavalry and strictly directed them not to abandon their post without his permission.

622Q: Who was the first challenger in the Battle of Uhud, and who faced him in a duel?

A: Talha, the standard-bearer of the idolaters, was the first challenger. Hazrat Ali stepped out from
the ranks of Muslims to face him in a duel.

623Q: What was the outcome of the duel between Hazrat Ali and Talha?

A: Hazrat Ali’s scimitar flashed in the morning sun, and the head of Talha, the standard-bearer,
leaped from his shoulder.

1. 624Q: What did the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad chant upon witnessing the outcome of
the duel?

A: The Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad chanted “Allah-o-Akbar!” upon witnessing the outcome of
the duel.

625Q: What echoed from the eagerly watching Muslim army after Talha was defeated?

A: “Allah-o-Akbar!” echoed from the eagerly watching Muslim army after Talha was defeated.

627Q: What was the pretext used by Abdullah Bin Ubbay to withdraw his men from the Muslim
army?
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A: Abdullah Bin Ubbay withdrew his three hundred men, claiming that his suggestions were not
entertained by the holy Rasool.

627Q: How did the beloved Rasool react to the withdrawal of Abdullah Bin Ubbay’s men?

A: The beloved Rasool continued with the remaining seven hundred devotees after the withdrawal
of Abdullah Bin Ubbay’s men.

628Q: Where did the beloved Rasool post the archers to guard against the enemy’s charge?

A: The archers were posted on the left flank of the Muslim army at the foot of mountain Uhud to
guard against the enemy’s charge.

629Q: Why did the beloved Rasool agree to confront the enemy in the open field outside Madina?

A: In deference to the enthusiasm of the youth among Muslims, the beloved Rasool agreed to
confront the enemy in the open field outside Madina.

630Q: What was the strength of the Muslim army when they marched to the battlefield?

A: Initially, the strength of the Muslim army was one thousand when they marched to the
battlefield.

631Q: What did the beloved Rasool initially propose regarding the defense strategy for the Battle
of Uhud?

A: The beloved Rasool initially proposed a defensive strategy, suggesting the beleaguering of
Madina to dissipate the strength of the enemy.

632Q: Where did the beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad convene a meeting to discuss the
strategy for defense?

A: The beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad convened a meeting of his comrades to discuss the
strategy for defense.

633Q: How did the Quraish forces react to the defeat in the Battle of Badar?

A: The Quraish forces, filled with fury, wrath, and vengeance, marched towards Madina to settle the
score of Badar with Muslims.
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634Q: What instruments did the fiery band of women accompanying the Quraish forces use in
singing war ballads?

A: The fiery band of women accompanying the Quraish forces used tambourines in singing
enthusiastic war ballads.

635Q: Who made an attempt to retrieve the banner during the Battle?

A: An enemy soldier made an attempt to retrieve the banner during the Battle.

636Q: Who sent the soldier attempting to retrieve the banner to hell?

A: Hazrat Hamza sent the soldier attempting to retrieve the banner to hell.

637Q: What impact did the duels at the beginning of the battle have on the morale of the enemy?

A: The duels at the beginning of the battle gave a fatal blow to the morale of the enemy.

638Q: What did Ali, Hamza, and Abu Dujana’s charge achieve during the first round of the battle?

A: Ali, Hamza, and Abu Dujana’s charge spread panic and consternation in the ranks of the enemy
during the first round of the battle.

639Q: What mistake did the archers make after assuming the enemy had been beaten?

A: The archers left their post and descended into the plain below against the express orders of the
Rasool.

640Q: Who noticed the unguarded pass to the left of the Muslim army and attacked it?

A: Khalid Bin al-Walid noticed the unguarded pass and attacked it with his cavalry.

641Q: What did Khalid Bin al-Walid achieve by capturing the strategic pass?

A: Khalid Bin al-Walid captured the pass and attacked the Muslim army from the rear.

642Q: What were the Muslims busy doing when the enemy launched a surprise attack?

A: The Muslims were busy gathering Mal-e-Ghanimat when the enemy launched a surprise attack.
Page 65 of 174

643Q: Who noticed the maneuver of Khalid and the bewilderment of Muslims?

A: Abu Sufyan noticed the maneuver of Khalid and the bewilderment of Muslims.

644Q: What did Abu Sufyan do after noticing the confusion among the Muslims?

A: Abu Sufyan rallied his troops, returned to the scene, and launched a frontal attack on the confused
Muslims.

645Q: What movement did the Muslim army find themselves caught in during the battle?

A: The Muslim army found themselves caught in a pincer movement of the enemy during the battle.

646Q: Who was given the banner of Islam by the Rasool?

A: Masaab ibn Umayer was given the banner of Islam by the Rasool.

647Q: What happened to Masaab ibn Umayer during the battle?

A: Masaab ibn Umayer was martyred by the enemy during the battle.

648Q: Who seized the sacred banner of Islam after Masaab ibn Umayer’s martyrdom?

A: Hazrat Ali seized the sacred banner of Islam after Masaab ibn Umayer’s martyrdom.

649Q: Why did the enemy believe that Hazrat Muhammad was martyred?

A: Hazrat Ali, who resembled the Rasool in person, was carrying the banner, leading the enemy to
believe that Hazrat Muhammad was martyred.

650Q: What impact did the false shout about Hazrat Muhammad’s martyrdom have on the
polytheists?

A: The false shout about Hazrat Muhammad’s martyrdom beefed up the morale of the polytheists but
demoralized the Muslim army.

651Q: Where was the beloved Rasool fighting during the battle, and what was his condition?
Page 66 of 174

A: The beloved Rasool was fighting in another part of the battlefield. He had been wounded, and his
head and holy face were bleeding.

652Q: Who bore the banner of Islam aloft amidst the storm of battle after Masaab ibn Umayer?

A: Hazrat Ali bore the banner of Islam aloft amidst the storm of battle after Masaab ibn Umayer.

653Q: What did the duels achieve at the beginning of the Battle of Uhud?

A: The duels at the beginning of the Battle of Uhud achieved a victory for the Muslims and a fatal blow
to the enemy’s morale.

654Q: How did the archers contribute to the turning of the tables in the battle?

A: The archers, by leaving their post against orders, allowed the enemy to attack from the rear,
contributing to the turning of the tables in the battle.

657Q: Who led the charge that spread panic and consternation in the enemy’s ranks?

A: Ali, Hamza, and Abu Dujana led the charge that spread panic and consternation in the enemy’s
ranks.

658Q: What did the Muslims assume when the archers left their post?

A: The Muslims assumed that the enemy had been beaten and was in retreat when the archers left
their post.

659Q: What did Khalid Bin al-Walid notice during the battle?

A: Khalid Bin al-Walid noticed the unguarded pass to the left of the Muslim army.

660Q: What was the consequence of the archers’ mistake during the battle?

A: The consequence of the archers’ mistake was that Khalid Bin al-Walid attacked and captured the
strategic pass, leading to a surprise attack on the Muslim army.

661Q: How did the Muslims find themselves after the enemy’s surprise attack?
Page 67 of 174

A: After the enemy’s surprise attack, the Muslims found themselves caught in a pincer movement, and
victory was wrenched out of their hands.

662Q: Who caught Ali’s attention during the battle?

A: The little group of Ansar defending the Rasool caught Ali’s attention during the battle.

663Q: Who led the group surrounding the Rasool, shielding him from the enemy?

A: Abu Dujana led the group surrounding the Rasool, shielding him from the enemy.

664: How did Ali respond to the repeated charges from the idolaters?

A: Hazrat Ali repulsed the idolaters’ repeated charges during the battle.

665Q: What did Ali’s strong defense and the Sahabas’ efforts prevent during the battle?

A: Ali’s strong defense and the Sahabas’ efforts prevented the non-believers from taking advantage of
the victory and averted destruction.

666Q: How did the battle end in terms of victory or defeat?

A: The battle ended in a draw; it neither resulted in victory nor defeat.

667Q: What was the consequence of disregarding the commands of the holy Rasool?

A: The consequence of disregarding the commands of the holy Rasool was the payment by Muslims
with seventy martyrs, stress, woes, and grief.

668Q: Who led the group that surrounded the Rasool during the battle?

A: Abu Dujana led the group that surrounded the Rasool during the battle.

669Q: How did Hazrat Ali respond to the idolaters’ renewed attacks?

A: Hazrat Ali repulsed the idolaters’ renewed attacks during the battle.

670Q: What did the Sahabas’ efforts prevent during the battle?
Page 68 of 174

A: The Sahabas’ efforts prevented the non-believers from taking advantage of the victory and averted
destruction.

671Q: What lesson does the incident of the Battle of Uhud teach Muslims?

A: The incident of the Battle of Uhud teaches Muslims never to disobey the holy Rasool in their lives.

Unit 9 poem

The toys

672**Q:** Who is the speaker addressing in the poem “The Toy”?

**A:** The speaker is addressing his little son.

673**Q:** How does the son appear in the poem?

**A:** The son appears to have thoughtful eyes and speaks in a quiet, grown-up manner.

674**Q:** What does the speaker do after his son disobeys him for the seventh time?

**A:** The speaker strikes his son and dismisses him with hard words.

675**Q:** Why is the son grieving in the poem?

**A:** The son is grieving because his mother, who was patient, is dead.

676**Q:** What does the speaker find when he visits his son’s bed later in the poem?

**A:** He finds his son slumbering deeply with wet eyelashes from sobbing.

677**Q:** What does the son have within reach on a table beside his bed?

**A:** The son has a box of counters, a red-veined stone, a piece of glass, shells, a bottle with
bluebells, and two French copper coins.

678**Q:** Why does the speaker weep during his prayers that night?
Page 69 of 174

**A:** The speaker weeps because he reflects on the toys that brought joy to his son and is moved by
his own grief.

679**Q:** What does the speaker say to God in his prayers?

**A:** The speaker expresses remorse and prays, mentioning how people find joy in simple toys and
hopes for God’s understanding.

680**Q:** What does the speaker ask of God in his prayers?

**A:** The speaker asks God to be sorry for their childishness when they finally lie in death and to
remember the simple joys they found in toys.

681**Q:** How does the speaker characterize God in the poem?

**A:** The speaker characterizes God as fatherly and expects God to be understanding and forgiving.

682**Q:** What items are listed as part of the son’s toys on the table?

**A:** The items include a box of counters, a red-veined stone, a piece of glass, shells, a bottle with
bluebells, and two French copper coins.

683**Q:** What emotion does the speaker express when he finds his son slumbering deeply?

**A:** The speaker expresses a mixture of moans and tears, leaving others of his own.

684**Q:** Why is the son’s heart considered sad in the poem?

**A:** The son’s heart is considered sad because of the harsh treatment from the speaker, the loss of
his mother, and the overall difficult circumstances.

685**Q:** What does the son do in response to his grief?

**A:** The son places toys on a table within reach, seemingly as a source of comfort for his sad heart.

686**Q:** How does the speaker describe the son’s demeanor before he sleeps?

**A:** The son has darken’d eyelids, and his eyelashes are still wet from sobbing before he falls into a
deep slumber.
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687**Q:** Why does the speaker strike his son?

**A:** The speaker strikes his son for disobeying his law for the seventh time.

688**Q:** How does the speaker feel about his actions after striking his son?

**A:** The speaker regrets his harsh actions and later weeps when he sees his son slumbering deeply.

689**Q:** What does the speaker find beside the son’s bed on a table?

**A:** The speaker finds a carefully arranged collection of items, including toys like counters, a red-
vein’d stone, a piece of glass, shells, a bottle with bluebells, and two French copper coins.

690**Q:** What is the significance of the items placed on the table by the son?

**A:** The items are meant to comfort the son’s sad heart, serving as sources of joy and distraction.

691**Q:** What does the speaker anticipate from God regarding their childishness?

**A:** The speaker anticipates that God, being fatherly, will leave His wrath and express sorrow for
their childishness when they lie in death.

692**Q:** What is gender inequality?

**A:** Gender inequality is the practice of granting or denying rights or privileges based on a person’s
gender.

693**Q:** How does gender inequality affect women globally?

**A:** Despite making up over 50% of the world population, women face discrimination in various
aspects, potentially hindering socio-economic progress.

694**Q:** What are the major areas where gender inequality persists?

**A:** Gender inequality is evident in education, health, economic opportunities, and political
participation.

695**Q:** What is the primary cause of gender inequality, as mentioned in the text?
Page 71 of 174

**A:** Cultural norms and a patriarchal mindset are identified as primary causes of gender inequality,
not religion.

696**Q:** How are boys and girls raised differently from their babyhood?

**A:** Boys are often given toys related to sports or trucks, while girls are introduced to dolls, dresses,
and playhouses, reinforcing gender stereotypes.

697**Q:** What is the impact of gender inequality on schooling, especially in Pakistan?

**A:** Cultural norms lead to different approaches to male and female education, with girls in Pakistan
facing barriers, resulting in a significant gender gap.

698**Q:** According to the Ministry of Women Development 2007 report, what percentage of
women in Pakistan have attained a Bachelor degree?

**A:** The report states that only 5% of women in Pakistan have attained a Bachelor degree.

699**Q:** What is the economic consequence of gender inequality for women?

**A:** Women, due to poor academics, stereotypes, and limited job opportunities, often face
joblessness and economic dependence on men.

700**Q:** According to the World Economic Forum 2020 report, what percentage of senior and
leadership roles are held by women in Pakistan?

**A:** The report states that only 5 percent of senior and leadership roles are held by women in
Pakistan.

701**Q:** What is the estimated percentage of Pakistan’s labor income that goes to women?

**A:** According to the WEF 2020 report, only one-third of Pakistan’s labor income goes to women.

702**Q:** What forms of violence do women face due to gender inequality?

**A:** Women face physical, psychological, and economic violence, with a significant percentage
suffering domestic violence.
Page 72 of 174

703**Q:** According to WHO, what percentage of victims of intimate partner violence are
women?

**A:** WHO estimates that two-thirds of victims of intimate partner violence are women.

704**Q:** What is the situation of maternal mortality in Pakistan compared to other regions?

**A:** Pakistan has a high maternal mortality rate, especially in rural areas, due to cultural, economic,
and administrative factors.

705**Q:** How does gender discrimination affect women’s access to healthcare services?

**A:** Cultural norms restrict women’s mobility, making it harder for them to receive healthcare
services, resulting in poorer health conditions compared to men.

706**Q:** What impact does gender inequality have on women’s participation in decision-
making positions?

**A:** Gender discrimination limits women’s presence in political, institutional, and decision-making
positions, resulting in a lack of representation.

707**Q:** According to Islam, how are men and women created?

**A:** Islam teaches that men and women are created from a single soul, emphasizing equality: “O
mankind! Fear your Lord who (initiated) your creation from a single soul…”

708**Q:** What rights does Islam provide to women regarding economic activities and property
ownership?

**A:** Islam grants equal rights for women to participate in economic activities and own property, as
stated in the Quran: “For men, there is a share of what they earned, and for women, there is a share of
what they earned…”

709**Q:** What did Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah say about women’s role in a nation’s
glory?

**A:** Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah stated, “No nation can rise to the heights of glory unless
her women stand side by side with men.”

710**Q:** How does the text suggest utilizing women’s potential for progress and development?
Page 73 of 174

**A:** To achieve progress and development, the text suggests utilizing women’s potential by
ensuring gender parity in all aspects of life.

711**Q:** What is the key to boosting economic growth and sustainable development in
Pakistan, according to the text?

**A:** Raising women’s participation in the workforce and advancing their financial empowerment is
identified as the key to boosting economic growth and sustainable development in Pakistan.

Unit 10

Gender inequality in Pakistan

712**Q:** What is gender inequality?

**A:** Gender inequality is the practice of granting or denying rights or privileges to people based
on their gender.

713**Q:** Despite women making up more than 50% of the world population, what remains a
fact globally?

**A:** Gender-based discrimination against women remains a fact globally.

714**Q:** What are some fields of life where women are neglected, according to the text?

**A:** Women are badly neglected in education, health, economic opportunities, and political
participation.

715**Q:** What is sometimes wrongly ascribed to religion concerning gender inequality?

**A:** Gender inequality is sometimes wrongly ascribed to religion, but its primary causes are
cultural norms and patriarchal mindsets.

716**Q:** How are male and female offspring raised differently from birth?

**A:** Male and female offspring are raised differently, with boys encouraged to play with sports-
related toys, while girls are introduced to dolls and playhouses.

717**Q:** How is gender inequality manifested in education, particularly at higher levels?

Page 74 of 174

**A:** Cultural boundaries and gender roles lead to different approaches towards male and female
education. In some cases, families may consider educating girls as useless because they are expected
to get married.

718**Q:** According to the Ministry of Women Development 2007 report, what percentage of
women in Pakistan have attained a Bachelor degree?

**A:** According to the report, only 5% of women in Pakistan have attained a Bachelor degree.

719**Q:** What percentage of women are literate in Pakistan compared to men, according to the
World Economic Forum 2020 report?

**A:** Less than half of women are literate in Pakistan, compared with 71% of men.

720**Q:** How does gender inequality contribute to joblessness and economic backwardness for
women?

**A:** Poor academics, stereotypes, and gender roles lead to joblessness for women, making them
economically dependent on men.

721**Q:** What percentage of senior and leadership roles in Pakistan are held by women,
according to the WEF 2020 report?

**A:** Only 5 percent of senior and leadership roles are held by women in Pakistan.

722**Q:** What is the key to boosting economic growth and sustainable development in
Pakistan?

**A:** Raising women’s participation in the workforce and advancing their financial empowerment
is the key.

723**Q:** In what forms do women face violence, as mentioned in the text?

**A:** Women face violence in various forms, including physical, psychological, and economic
violence.

724**Q:** According to a survey mentioned in the text, how many women in Punjab were burned
every day in domestic violence occurrences?
Page 75 of 174

**A:** The survey revealed that at least two women were burned every day in domestic violence
occurrences in Punjab.

725**Q:** What is the significance of certain social practices like honor killing, Karokari, and
Swara in rural areas of Pakistan?

**A:** These practices have become a matter of daily practice in remote rural areas of Pakistan.

726**Q:** In terms of healthcare access, why do women in Pakistan, especially in rural areas, face
an awkward situation?

**A:** Due to cultural factors, women’s free mobility is restricted, making it harder for them to
receive healthcare services when needed.

727**Q:** How does gender discrimination affect women’s access to healthcare in developing
regions?

**A:** Gender discrimination restricts women’s access to healthcare services, resulting in poorer
health conditions compared to men.

728**Q:** In terms of political and institutional decision-making positions, what is the

representation of women?

**A:** A negligible number of women hold political and institutional decision-making positions.

729**Q:** According to the text, what role does Islam play in promoting gender equality?

**A:** Islam promotes gender equality in various aspects of life, emphasizing that men and women
are created from a single entity.

730**Q:** What fundamental teachings of Islam emphasize gender equality?

**A:** Islam provides equal rights for women in economic activities and property ownership.

731**Q:** What does the text attribute to Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah regarding the
role of women in a nation’s rise to glory?

**A:** Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah said, “No nation can rise to the heights of glory unless
her women stand side by side with men.”
Page 76 of 174

732**Q:** How does gender inequality potentially hamper socio-economic advancement and
progress?

**A:** Gender inequality hampers socio-economic advancement by neglecting the major half of the
population in education, health, economic opportunities, and political participation.

733**Q:** What percentage of women in Pakistan participate in the labor force compared to
men?

**A:** Only one-quarter of women participate in the labor force, compared with 35% of men.

734**Q:** What is the maternal mortality rate situation in Pakistan compared to other countries
in the region?

**A:** Pakistan has a poor maternal mortality rate compared to other countries in the region due to
cultural, economic, and administrative factors.

735**Q:** According to the text, how is a woman closely tied to the izzat (honour) of the man?

**A:** A woman’s free and unattended mobility is restricted, making it harder for her to receive
healthcare services, as she is closely tied to the honor of the man.

736**Q:** What did the Rasool of mercy emphasize in his farewell sermon regarding the equality
of men and women?

**A:** The Rasool of mercy emphasized equality, saying, “Indeed, you have rights over your wives,
and your wives have rights over you.”

737**Q:** According to the text, what should be done to keep the wheel of progress and
development rolling?

**A:** Utilizing the latent potentialities of women by ensuring gender parity in all walks of life is
necessary to keep the wheel of progress and development rolling.

738**Q:** What did Islam say about the creation of men and women, as mentioned in the text?

**A:** Islam states, “O mankind! Fear your Lord who initiated your creation from a single soul, then
from it created its mate, and from these two spread countless men and women.”

Unit 11
Page 77 of 174

Jehangir Khan the conqueror

739**Q:** Who is the person mentioned in the passage?

**A:** Jahangir Khan.

740**Q:** When was Jahangir Khan born?

**A:** Jahangir Khan was born on December 10, 1963.

741**Q:** Where was Jahangir Khan born?

**A:** Jahangir Khan was born in Karachi.

742**Q:** What is Jahangir Khan’s ethnic background?

**A:** Jahangir Khan came from a Pushtoon family.

743**Q:** What is the ancestral village of Jahangir Khan’s family?

**A:** Naway Kalay, a village near Peshawar.

744**Q:** What sport is Jahangir Khan associated with?

**A:** Squash.

745**Q:** Where does Jahangir Khan’s name and squash become inseparable, according to the
passage?

**A:** Jahangir Khan’s name and squash become inseparable as if they were the two sides of the
same coin.

746**Q:** How is Jahangir Khan regarded in the history of squash?

**A:** Jahangir Khan is considered to be the greatest and fittest player in the history of squash.

747**Q:** What challenges did Jahangir Khan face in his early life?
Page 78 of 174

**A:** Jahangir Khan faced physical weakness and underwent two surgical procedures for hernia
before the age of 12.

748**Q:** What did Jahangir Khan’s doctors advise him regarding physical activities?

**A:** His doctors advised him not to take part in any physical activities.

749**Q:** What were the professions of Jahangir Khan’s coaches?

**A:** His coaches were Roshan Khan (his father), Rahmat Khan (his cousin), and Torsam Khan (his
elder brother).

750**Q:** What tragedy did Jahangir Khan face in terms of family during his early life?

**A:** Jahangir Khan faced the accidental demise of his elder brother, Torsam Khan, who succumbed
to a heart attack during a match in the Australian Open.

751**Q:** What title is Jahangir Khan given in the passage due to his courage and determination?

**A:** The passage refers to Jahangir Khan as the “most grueling sport” in Squash, emphasizing his
courage and determination.

752**Q:** Why did the selectors decide to pick Jahangir Khan to play in the World
Championship in 1979?

**A:** Despite his recent illness and physical weakness, Jahangir Khan’s indomitable spirit led the
selectors to pick him for the World Championship in 1979.

753**Q:** At what age did Jahangir Khan become the youngest ever selected to play in the
World Championship?

**A:** Jahangir Khan became the youngest ever selected to play in the World Championship at the
tender age of 15.

754**Q:** At what age did Jahangir Khan become the youngest champion of The World Open?

**A:** Jahangir Khan became the youngest champion of The World Open at the age of 17.

755**Q:** How many consecutive matches did Jahangir Khan win in the five years from 1981 to
1986?
Page 79 of 174

**A:** Jahangir Khan won 555 consecutive matches in the next five years (1981-1986).

756**Q:** What is the longest winning streak in top-level professional sports, as per the Guinness
Book of World Records?

**A:** Jahangir Khan’s winning streak of 555 matches is the longest winning streak in top-level
professional sports, according to the Guinness Book of World Records.

757**Q:** How many times did Jahangir Khan win The World Open Championship during his
career?

**A:** Jahangir Khan won The World Open Championship six times during his career.

758**Q:** How many times did Jahangir Khan win the British Open consecutively from 1982 to
1991?

**A:** Jahangir Khan won the British Open a record ten times in a row from 1982 to 1991.

759**Q:** Who challenged Jahangir Khan’s domination in Squash in 1987?

**A:** Jan Sher Khan challenged Jahangir Khan’s domination in Squash in 1987.

760**Q:** When did Jahangir Khan manage to end Jan Sher Khan’s winning streak over him?

**A:** Jahangir Khan managed to end Jan Sher Khan’s winning streak over him in March 1988.

761**Q:** How many times did Jahangir Khan win The World Open Championship before
bidding adieu to Squash as a player?

**A:** Jahangir Khan won The World Open Championship six times before bidding adieu to Squash as
a player.

762**Q:** What contributed to Jahangir Khan’s phenomenal performance in Squash?

**A:** Jahangir Khan’s incredible fitness level, achieved through rigorous training and regular physical
exercise, contributed to his phenomenal performance in Squash.

763**Q:** What was Jahangir Khan’s daily routine for fitness during his playing career?
Page 80 of 174

**A:** Jahangir Khan’s daily routine included a fourteen-kilometer jogging session, short bursts of
timed sprinting, body exercise in the gym, and cooling down in the pools. This routine was followed five
days a week.

764**Q:** In what year did Jahangir Khan retire as a player from Squash?

**A:** Jahangir Khan retired as a player from Squash in 1993.

765**Q:** After retiring as a player, what role did Jahangir Khan take in the Pakistan Squash
Federation (PSF)?

**A:** In 1997, Jahangir Khan was elected as the Vice President of the Pakistan Squash Federation
(PSF).

766**Q:** What position did Jahangir Khan hold in the World Squash Federation in November
1998?

**A:** In November 1998, Jahangir Khan became the Vice President of the World Squash Federation.

767**Q:** In which years did Jahangir Khan serve as the President of the World Squash
Federation?

**A:** Jahangir Khan served as the President of the World Squash Federation in 2002 and 2004.

768**Q:** What title did Jahangir Khan assume in 2008 within the World Squash Federation?

**A:** In 2008, Jahangir Khan became the Emeritus President of the World Squash Federation (WSF).

769**Q:** What awards did the Government of Pakistan confer upon Jahangir Khan?

**A:** The Government of Pakistan conferred upon Jahangir Khan the Pride of Performance award
and the Civil Award of “Hilal-e-Imtiaz” for his extraordinary achievements in Squash.

770**Q:** In 2005, which international magazine named Jahangir Khan as one of their “Asian
Heroes”?

**A:** In 2005, the international magazine “Time” named Jahangir Khan as one of their “Asian
Heroes.”
Page 81 of 174

771**Q:** Which university granted Jahangir Khan the honorary degree of Doctorate of
Philosophy in 2007?

**A:** The London Metropolitan University granted Jahangir Khan the honorary degree of Doctorate
of Philosophy in 2007.

772**Q:** What tribute did the Japanese government pay to Jahangir Khan?

**A:** The Japanese government paid tribute to Jahangir Khan by issuing a commemorative stamp in
his name.

773**Q:** What title did Jahangir Khan give to his book?

**A:** Jahangir Khan titled his book “Winning Squash.”

774**Q:** According to Jahangir Khan’s book, what discouraging views did he face about becoming
a World Champion?

**A:** According to Jahangir Khan’s book, he was told he would never become a World Champion
because he was the youngest, smallest, feeblest, and sickest in the family.

775**Q:** What did Jahangir Khan state in his book “Winning Squash” about the doctors and
his father’s belief in his potential?

**A:** In his book, Jahangir Khan stated, “Neither the doctors nor my father believed there was a
chance for me to become a good Squash player.”

776**Q:** Despite discouraging comments, what did Jahangir Khan achieve in the world of Squash?

**A:** Despite discouraging comments, Jahangir Khan ruled over the world of Squash and earned the
title “The Conqueror.”

778**Q:** What is the name of the honorary degree that Jahangir Khan received from the London
Metropolitan University?

**A:** Jahangir Khan received the honorary degree of Doctorate of Philosophy from the London
Metropolitan University.

779**Q:** How many times did Jahangir Khan win The World Open Championship during his
career?
Page 82 of 174

**A:** Jahangir Khan won The World Open Championship six times during his career.

Unit 12

All the world’s a stage

780**Q:** What literary work is this passage from?

**A:** This passage is from William Shakespeare’s play “As You Like It.”

781**Q:** How many acts does this play typically have?

**A:** “As You Like It” typically has five acts.

782**Q:** How many ages of man are described in the passage?

**A:** The passage describes seven ages of man.

783**Q:** In which age is the man described as a soldier?

**A:** The man is described as a soldier in the fourth age.

784**Q:** What comparison is made between the lover and a furnace?

**A:** The lover is compared to a furnace, sighing with a woeful ballad.

785**Q:** What is the justice in the sixth age characterized by?

**A:** In the sixth age, the justice is characterized by a fair round belly, with a good capon lined.

786**Q:** What happens to the man’s voice in the sixth age?

**A:** In the sixth age, the man’s big manly voice turns again toward childish treble.

787**Q:** What is the last scene of all in the passage?

**A:** The last scene of all is second childishness and mere oblivion.

788**Q:** In the last scene, what is the man described as lacking?

**A:** In the last scene, the man is described as lacking teeth, eyes, taste, and everything.
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789**Q:** What is the significance of the phrase “Sans teeth, sans eyes”?

**A:** The phrase signifies the loss of physical abilities and senses in old age.

790**Q:** How does the justice in the sixth age appear physically?

**A:** The justice in the sixth age has a fair round belly and a beard of formal cut.

791**Q:** Which age is characterized by spectacles on the nose and a pouch on the side?

**A:** The age characterized by spectacles on the nose and a pouch on the side is the seventh age.

792**Q:** What literary device is used when describing the justice with “wise saws and modern
instances”?

**A:** The literary device used is alliteration.

793**Q:** What word is used to describe the school-boy’s approach to school?

**A:** The school-boy’s approach to school is described as creeping.

794**Q:** How does the lover in the third age express his love?

**A:** The lover in the third age expresses his love by sighing like a furnace and making a woeful
ballad to his mistress’ eyebrow.

Unit 13

Technical education

795**Q:** What is identified as the key to economic growth and industrialization?

**A:** A skilled and well-trained workforce is identified as the key.

796**Q:** What opportunity does the text mention the country being at the crossroads of?

**A:** The text mentions opportunities for economic growth and industrialization.
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797**Q:** What is emphasized as critical during the demographic transition in the country’s
history?

**A:** Developing the youth through education and training is emphasized as critical.

798**Q:** According to a UNDP report, what percentage of Pakistan’s population is below the
age of thirty?

**A:** 64 percent of Pakistan’s population is below the age of thirty.

799**Q:** How does Pakistan’s youth population compare to other countries in South Asia?

**A:** Pakistan has the second youngest population in South Asia after Afghanistan.

800**Q:** What challenge does the text mention regarding Pakistan’s vocational education and
training system?

**A:** Challenges include access, quality, equity, and relevance to the industry.

801**Q:** How many young people enter the job market in Pakistan annually, according to the text?

**A:** Three million young people enter the job market each year.

802**Q:** What is the capacity of Pakistan’s IVET sector in accommodating trainees annually?

**A:** The IVET sector can accommodate less than half a million trainees annually.

803**Q:** What problem do graduates of vocational institutes face in the job market?

**A:** Graduates find it hard to get jobs because they lack specific skills valued in the market.

804**Q:** What does the text suggest would happen if the unemployment problem worsens?

**A:** It suggests that worsening unemployment would affect economic growth in the long run.

805**Q:** What is identified as one of the biggest advantages of technical and vocational education
and training?
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**A:** One of the biggest advantages is helping to fight unemployment and alleviate poverty.

806**Q:** What does the text emphasize as necessary for capitalizing on demographic
dividends?

**A:** Political commitment to allocate adequate funds to human resource development is

emphasized.

807**Q:** What is the demographic transition mentioned in the text?

**A:** The demographic transition is the period the country is passing through with a large young
population.

808**Q:** What strategy does the text suggest is crucial for utilizing Pakistan’s young population?

**A:** A strategy to educate and utilize the potential of Pakistan’s young population is crucial.

809**Q:** Why is the youth bulge considered both a challenge and an opportunity?

**A:** It is a challenge due to potential unemployment but an opportunity for social and economic
progress.

810**Q:** What has been referred to as a solution to terrorism, crimes, and social problems?

**A:** Investment in technical education has been referred to as a solution.

811**Q:** What is emphasized alongside policy options for effective implementation?

**A:** The text emphasizes looking into the issues of implementation alongside policy options.

812**Q:** Which two developed countries are mentioned as examples for technical education
transformation?

**A:** Japan and Germany are mentioned as examples.

813**Q:** How did Japan and Germany transform their economies after World War-II?

**A:** They focused on technical and vocational education to develop a skilled workforce.
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814**Q:** What percentage of students in Germany enter vocational training programs after
secondary school?

**A:** About 33% of all students in Germany enter vocational training programs.

815**Q:** What did Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah stress the need for in building Pakistan’s
economic future?

**A:** He stressed the need for scientific and technical education.

816**Q:** When did Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah express the need for technical
education?

**A:** He expressed it in his speech at the Dhaka University Convocation on March 24th, 1948.

817**Q:** What does the text say about the current state of TVET (Technical and Vocational
Education and Training)?

**A:** The current state of TVET is not very encouraging.

818**Q:** How many skilled workers does Pakistan need annually for its industry and other
sectors?

**A:** Pakistan needs at least a million skilled workers every year.

819**Q:** How many skilled workers does the country currently have?

**A:** The country has around 300,000 skilled workers.

820**Q:** What percentage of the youth cohort completes secondary education, according to the
text?

**A:** Hardly 16.3% of the youth cohort completes secondary education.

821**Q:** What is hurting to note regarding Pakistan’s emerging labor force?

**A:** It is hurting to note that the majority of Pakistan’s emerging labor force lacks education and
skills.
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822**Q:** What did Quaid-e-Azam say about manual work and labor in his speech at Dhaka
University?

**A:** Quaid-e-Azam said there is no shame in doing manual work and labor.

823**Q:** What did Japan become in the field of technology after World War-II?

**A:** Japan became a giant in the field of technology and one of the world’s leading economies.

824**Q:** What percentage of Germany’s workforce is trained in the Vocational Education and
Training (VET) system?

**A:** About 51% of Germany’s workforce is trained in the VET system.

825**Q:** What channel and avenues did Quaid-e-Azam suggest diverting attention towards?

**A:** Quaid-e-Azam suggested diverting attention towards technical education and other open
avenues.

826**Q:** According to Quaid-e-Azam, what does Pakistan want in terms of qualified people?

**A:** Pakistan wants technically qualified people.

827**Q:** What opportunity does the text suggest Pakistan is currently at in its history?

**A:** The text suggests that Pakistan is at a critical time in its history with opportunities knocking at
its door.

828**Q:** What did Quaid-e-Azam say about the scope of technical education?

**A:** Quaid-e-Azam said there is immense scope in technical education.

829**Q:** What does the text emphasize regarding technical and vocational education for the
country’s future?

**A:** The text emphasizes that technical and vocational education is crucial for the country’s future
course of action.

830**Q:** What is critical to the attainment of Pakistan’s economic development goals?

**A:** Sustainable delivery of quality TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training).
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831**Q:** What challenge does the TVET system face in terms of importance given to vocational
and technical education?

**A:** The system does not give due importance to vocational and technical education, resulting in a
mismatch between required and available skilled manpower.

832**Q:** What is a notable limitation of vocational training courses?

**A:** Vocational training courses lack market responsiveness.

833**Q:** Why is there limited contribution from industries in the development of curricula?

**A:** Limited linkages exist between vocational training institutions and industries.

834**Q:** What contributes to the weakness of the training infrastructure?

**A:** Weakness is contributed by a shortage of buildings, modern equipment, and raw materials.

835**Q:** Why is vocational education perceived as less attractive in Pakistan?

**A:** Low financial returns for vocational graduates and limited scholarship schemes contribute to
the perception.

836**Q:** What challenge arises from the educational entry requirements and duration of courses
in the formal training system?

**A:** It excludes underprivileged informal sector workers.

837**Q:** What is the consequence of the prevailing obsession with obtaining a graduation degree?

**A:** There is a surplus of unemployed graduates and a shortage of skilled workers.

838**Q:** What compels the need for equivalence for vocational education?

**A:** Lack of equivalence hinders employment purposes, vertical mobility, and recognition.

839**Q:** Where should vocational education be provided according to the text?

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**A:** Vocational education should be provided out of the mainstream education.

840**Q:** What is emphasized regarding the TVET system in the text?

**A:** There is a need to expand and upgrade the existing TVET system.

841**Q:** What is the emphasis on tertiary programs in relation to TVET?

**A:** While there is emphasis on tertiary programs, the text suggests a need for strong linkages with
general vocational education and training.

842**Q:** What does the text suggest regarding technical education and research trends?

**A:** Technical education needs expansion to prompt research trends in educational institutions.

843**Q:** What does the text propose for the redesign of the educational pattern at the school
level?

**A:** The text proposes the integration of vocational education at the school level.

844**Q:** What is needed to facilitate skill development at the school level according to the text?

**A:** Subsidized vocational education and the awarding of scholarships/stipends to deserving

students are needed.

845**Q:** What is required at all levels for raising employability and productivity?

**A:** Vocational and technical education.

846**Q:** What should be developed for different trades in vocational education?

**A:** Proper teaching materials.

847**Q:** How often should course curricula be revised based on the text?

**A:** Periodically through flexible approaches.

848**Q:** What type of courses need to be introduced more in vocational education?

**A:** More popular and market-oriented courses.

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849**Q:** What role should computer-based programs play in vocational education?

**A:** They should be part of the general curriculum.

850**Q:** What should the pattern of training in vocational education meet?

**A:** The new and changing business requirements.

851**Q:** What opportunities and infrastructure are needed for vocational education?

**A:** Extensive skill development opportunities and infrastructure.

852**Q:** How should the vocational education system be made for sustainable growth?

**A:** More flexible and inclusive.

853**Q:** What role should the government play in vocational education reforms?

**A:** Introduce suitable reforms and strengthen vocational education and training.

854**Q:** What should the government facilitate through private sector participation?

**A:** Capacity expansion in vocational training institutes.

855**Q:** What type of investment is needed for deserving students in vocational education?

**A:** Subsidized education.

856**Q:** What should the government actively work on for vocational education?

**A:** Promotion of industry and academia interaction.

857**Q:** What is needed to narrow the existing gap between demand and supply of skilled
workers?

**A:** Promotion of industry and academia interaction.

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858**Q:** What is lacking regarding awareness in vocational education?

**A:** Awareness about the type of courses, trades, institutions, and opportunities available.

859**Q:** What type of campaign is needed for awareness in vocational education?

**A:** An extensive awareness campaign providing information in various fields through various
means.

860**Q:** What is needed to improve the image of vocational education and training institutes?

**A:** Adequate publicity.

861**Q:** What should universities develop with autonomy?

**A:** Skill development centers.

862**Q:** What is a challenge for deserving students in accessing vocational education?

**A:** Lack of accessibility, particularly in rural areas.

863**Q:** What should be planned at the post-secondary level in vocational education?

**A:** Distance learning mode to help unemployed youth, rural people, drop-outs, and unskilled
industrial workers.

864**Q:** What can lead the country toward a bright future with high employment and
sustainable economic growth?

**A:** Implementation of suitable and updated policies and schemes in vocational and technical
education.

Unit 14

Lingkuan gorge

865 **Q:** What was the weather like in Lingkuan Gorge?

**A:** Snowy and with a hazy white curtain.

Page 92 of 174

866**Q:** How long had the narrator been following the path of the future railway?

**A:** Forty kilometers.

867**Q:** What was the narrator’s experience in Lingkuan Gorge?

**A:** The sun never shone, and the swirling snowflakes and gale made every step a struggle.

868**Q:** What could the narrator hear in the gorge?

**A:** The roar of machinery.

869**Q:** What kind of weather condition added to the narrator’s irritation in Lingkuan Gorge?

**A:** Dusk with swirling snowflakes and a gale.

870**Q:** What was happening in the gorge in terms of construction?

**A:** It was very busy, with people at work, generators, cement-mixers, and air compressors shaking
the ground.

871**Q:** How did the electric wires appear in the gorge?

**A:** They crisscrossed like a giant spider web and were scarcely visible.

872**Q:** What was the narrator’s condition in terms of hunger and cold?

**A:** Hungry and cold, having tripped and fallen, scraping hands.

873**Q:** Why did the narrator decide to find a place under a cliff?

**A:** To rest a few hours and avoid stumbling around in the dark.

874**Q:** What was the narrator’s concern about reaching the materials depot?

**A:** It wouldn’t be too late if reached by ten o’clock the next morning.

875**Q:** What did the narrator notice about the cave in the cliff-side?
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**A:** A door curtain hanging in the entrance showed it was occupied by workers.

876**Q:** Who was sitting in the doorway of the cave?

**A:** A little boy, seven or eight years old.

877**Q:** What was the boy doing when the narrator entered the cave?

**A:** Peering at the opposite cliff-side through a rent in the curtain.

878**Q:** What was the color of the boy’s cheeks, and why?

**A:** Red with cold.

879**Q:** What did the narrator consider the consequences of stumbling around in the dark?

**A:** Falling into some deep ravine, leading to being put on the “used up” list.

880**Q:** How was the cave described?

**A:** Large and warm, with a stove and eating utensils.

881**Q:** What was hanging above the bed in the cave?

**A:** A coloured New Year picture of “Chubby Children Pulling the Taffy.”

882**Q:** Why did the narrator ask why nobody was home?

**A:** To understand the absence of people in the cave.

883**Q:** How did the little boy respond when asked if anybody was home?

**A:** He turned his head and proudly stated that he was somebody.

884**Q:** What was the baby sister’s name?

**A:** Pao-cheng.

885**Q:** How did Cheng-yu and Pao-cheng likely get their names?
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**A:** Likely born on the construction site of the Chengtu-Chungking Railway.

886**Q:** Where did Cheng-yu’s baby sister Pao-cheng probably get her name?

**A:** At the site of the future Paoki-Chengtu Railway.

887**Q:** What was the narrator doing while sitting by the stove?

**A:** Smoking and rubbing drying mud from hands.

888**Q:** What did Cheng-Yu ask the narrator about the weather?

**A:** If it was going to snow tomorrow.

889**Q:** How did Cheng-Yu react when the narrator pressed his red little nose?

**A:** He leaped down and scowled, telling the narrator to quit touching him.

890**Q:** What did Cheng-Yu suggest the narrator do to check the weather?

**A:** Look at the weather in the newspaper in his pocket.

891**Q:** Why was Cheng-Yu angry with the narrator?

**A:** The narrator offended him by touching his nose.

892**Q:** What did Cheng-Yu’s father do for work?

**A:** He opens up mountains.

893**Q:** Why did Cheng-Yu’s father say they might have to quit work?

**A:** If it keeps snowing.

894**Q:** How did Cheng-Yu describe his father’s occupation?

**A:** Proudly, he said, “He opens up mountains!”

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895**Q:** What did Cheng-Yu point to while describing his father’s work?

**A:** The work site opposite.

896**Q:** What was Cheng-Yu doing when asked about his father’s work?

**A:** He was sitting in the doorway, looking outside through a rent in the curtain.

897**Q:** What did Cheng-Yu do when asked about the kettle?

**A:** He ignored the question and continued peering through the curtain.

898**Q:** How did Cheng-Yu likely get offended?

**A:** The narrator asked where the kettle was, and Cheng-Yu ignored him.

899**Q:** Why did the narrator ask Cheng-Yu about the snow?

**A:** To understand if it affected Cheng-Yu’s ability to play or if they would have to quit work.

900**Q:** What did the narrator see shining through the snowflakes?

**A:** A searchlight beam.

901**Q:** What were the men doing on the towering cliff?

**A:** Drilling holes for dynamite charges.

902**Q:** How did Cheng-Yu’s father know he was there?

**A:** Cheng-Yu often sat there, and his father could see him by turning around.

903**Q:** Why did Cheng-Yu wave his hand warningly?

**A:** He was afraid the narrator would wake his baby sister.

904**Q:** What is Cheng-Yu’s job according to his mama?

**A:** To look after his baby sister.

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905**Q:** When does Cheng-Yu knock off from his job?

**A:** When mama comes home.

906**Q:** How does the narrator commend Cheng-Yu?

**A:** By saying, “You really take good care of your sister.”

907**Q:** Where did Cheng-Yu point when asked about his mama’s job?

**A:** To the road below the cave.

908**Q:** What was Cheng-Yu’s mama doing by the telephone pole?

**A:** Directing traffic.

909**Q:** What did the narrator observe about the road?

**A:** It was not very wide and had been blasted through the rock.

910**Q:** Why wasn’t there much traffic on the road that day?

**A:** Because of the snow.

911**Q:** What might Cheng-Yu’s mama have done instead of standing by the road?

**A:** Spent the day at home.

912**Q:** What did the narrator feel the worker, his wife, and children could sense?

**A:** A mutual loving encouragement and anticipation of family reunion.

913**Q:** What could Cheng-Yu’s father see when he paused to wipe the sweat from his brow?

**A:** The determined figure of his wife or the tiny image of his little boy.

914**Q:** Even though it was a snowy, windy night, what did the family feel?

**A:** A mutual loving encouragement and the anticipation of family reunion.

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915**Q:** How long might Cheng-Yu’s mama remain by the road if necessary?

**A:** Three months, five months, or even three years, five years.

916**Q:** What might Cheng-Yu’s family feel during the snowy, windy night?

**A:** Mutual loving encouragement and the anticipation of family reunion.

917**Q:** What did the narrator observe about the woman standing by the telephone pole?

**A:** Covered with snow, she looked like a white stone image.

918**Q:** What streamed along the road under normal circumstances?

**A:** Carts, mules, donkeys, and people.

919**Q:** How might the family members feel even though they couldn’t see each other clearly?

**A:** A sense of mutual loving encouragement and anticipation of family reunion.

920**Q:** How did Cheng Yu protect himself from the cold?

**A:** He placed his hands in his sleeves and pulled his neck into his collar.

921**Q:** Why did the narrator suggest Cheng Yu get into bed and go to sleep?

**A:** To avoid catching a chill.

922**Q:** What did Cheng Yu probably think when he looked at the narrator?

**A:** That his parents had returned.

923**Q:** Why did Cheng Yu shake his head when the narrator suggested he go to bed?

**A:** He believed a man should never leave his post.

924**Q:** What did Cheng Yu’s parents say about leaving one’s post?

**A:** They said a man should never leave his post.

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925**Q:** What did the child do when he realized the narrator’s identity?

**A:** He shook his head violently.

926**Q:** What did the narrator do after hugging Cheng Yu?

**A:** Rose, buttoned his coat, pulled his hat down, and left the cave.

927**Q:** What was the narrator’s destination?

**A:** The job that was waiting for him.

928**Q:** What echoed in the narrator’s head as he walked down the path?

**A:** The words of the child, “A man should never leave his post.”

929**Q:** Why did the narrator want to reach his destination without delay?

**A:** Because a job was waiting for him.

Unit 15 poem

Once a upon a time

930**Q:** How did people used to laugh in the past?

**A:** With their hearts and eyes.

931**Q:** What do people do now when they laugh?

**A:** They only laugh with their teeth.

932**Q:** What do the eyes of people reveal in the present?

**A:** Ice-block-cold eyes searching behind the speaker’s shadow.

933**Q:** What did people use to do with their hearts when shaking hands?

**A:** They used to shake hands with their hearts.

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934**Q:** What has changed about handshakes now?

**A:** People shake hands without hearts, and their left hands search empty pockets.

935**Q:** What phrases do people use to express hospitality?

**A:** “Feel at home!” and “Come again.”

936**Q:** What happens when the speaker comes again?

**A:** Doors are shut on them.

937**Q:** How has the speaker learned to wear faces?

**A:** Like dresses, with various faces for different situations.

938**Q:** What kind of smiles does the speaker wear with different faces?

**A:** Conforming smiles, like a fixed portrait smile.

939**Q:** When does the speaker find doors shut on them?

**A:** After coming again and feeling at home twice.

940**Q:** What has the speaker learned to say instead of “Goodbye”?

**A:** “Good-riddance.”

941**Q:** What does the speaker mean when saying, “Glad to meet you”?

**A:** They mean the opposite, not glad.

942**Q:** What does the speaker say after being bored in a conversation?

**A:** “It’s been nice talking to you.”

943**Q:** What does the speaker want to unlearn?

**A:** All the muting things they have learned.

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944**Q:** What is the speaker’s desire regarding laughter?

**A:** They want to relearn how to laugh.

945**Q:** What does the speaker’s laugh in the mirror show?

**A:** Only their teeth, like a snake’s bare fangs.

946**Q:** What does the speaker want their son to show them?

**A:** How to laugh and how they used to laugh.

947**Q:** What does the speaker want to be again?

**A:** What they used to be when they were like their son.

948**Q:** What does the speaker express about the laughter they want to relearn?

**A:** They want it to be like it was once upon a time.

949**Q:** What does the speaker ask their son to show them regarding laughter?

**A:** How they used to laugh and smile.

950**Q:** How does the speaker describe their current laughter in the mirror?

**A:** It shows only their teeth, like a snake’s bare fangs.

951**Q:** What has the speaker learned to do with their laughter?

**A:** To laugh with only their teeth.

952**Q:** What does the speaker say when they are bored but want to be polite?

**A:** “It’s been nice talking to you.”

953**Q:** What does the speaker want to relearn most of all?

Page 101 of 174

**A:** How to laugh.

954**Q:** What has the speaker learned about saying “Goodbye”?

**A:** They say it even when they mean “Good-riddance.”

Unit 16

Tourist attractions in Pakistan

955**Q:** According to the World Economic Forum, where does Pakistan stand among global
destinations for its UNESCO World Heritage Sites?

**A:** Among the top 25 per cent.

956**Q:** What are some of the natural attractions in Pakistan for sightseers, skiers, trekkers, and
mountaineers?

**A:** Great mountain ranges, shining deserts, and some of the world’s highest peaks.

957**Q:** How many foreign tourist arrivals did Pakistan record in 2019?

**A:** Over two million.

958**Q:** According to Condé Nast Traveller, what is Pakistan’s rank on the list of 20 best holiday
destinations for 2020?

**A:** Number one.

959**Q:** How did Forbes rank Pakistan in 2019?

**A:** As one of the ’10 Coolest Places to go.’

960**Q:** According to the British Backpacker Society (BBS), what did they declare Pakistan as in
2020?

**A:** The world’s third-best potential adventure destination.

961**Q:** What did the BBS declare about Pakistan in the year before 2020?
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**A:** It tops the list of the world’s best travel destinations, describing it as ‘one of the friendliest
countries on earth.’

962**Q:** How many foreign tourist arrivals were recorded in 2015?

**A:** Less than half a million.

963**Q:** What kind of destination did Lonely Planet describe Pakistan as?

**A:** Tourism’s next big thing.

964**Q:** What is the significance of Pakistan’s landscape, according to the description?

**A:** It stretches remarkably from high mountain ranges to plains, deserts, and the Arabian Sea.

965**Q:** What is the primary reason for the rapid growth in the tourism sector in Pakistan?

**A:** Diverse natural beauty, historical significance, and deep religious heritage.

966**Q:** How did domestic tourism perform in the last year mentioned?

**A:** It crossed the 40-million-mark.

967**Q:** What does Pakistan offer for those interested in activities like white water rafting and
trout fishing?

**A:** A place to be with myriad attractions.

968**Q:** What did Forbes rank Pakistan as in 2019?

**A:** One of the ’10 Coolest Places to go.’

969**Q:** How do the people of Pakistan generally respond to foreign tourists?

**A:** They are very hospitable and generous.

970**Q:** What are the three famous mountain ranges in Pakistan?

**A:** Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindukush.

Page 103 of 174

971**Q:** Which is the tallest peak in Pakistan and the second highest in the world?

**A:** K2, at 8,611 meters.

972**Q:** How many of the 14 highest mountain peaks of the world are located in Pakistan?

**A:** Five.

973**Q:** When do mountaineers usually throng the mountainous areas of Pakistan?

**A:** From April to September.

974**Q:** What is the length of the Karakoram Highway, connecting Pakistan to China?

**A:** 806 km.

975**Q:** What historic Silk Road pass lies along the Karakoram Highway?

**A:** Mintaka Pass.

976**Q:** Name three famous travelers who once traversed the ancient Silk Road, as
mentioned in the text.

**A:** Marco Polo, Fa Hien, and Al-Beruni.

977**Q:** Which glacier in the eastern Karakoram is one of the world’s largest valley glaciers?

**A:** Baltoro Glacier.

978**Q:** Why is the Baltoro Glacier region in Pakistan highly trafficked?

**A:** Due to mountaineering destinations like K2, Broad Peak, and Gasherbrum peaks.

979**Q:** What is the dependency of a large portion of northern Pakistan’s population on the
Karakoram glaciers?

**A:** Meltwater for their water needs.

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980**Q:** What is Khyber Pakhtunkhwa well known for in terms of natural beauty?

**A:** Varying landscapes, including awe-inspiring valleys and mountains like Kaghan and Swat
valleys.

981**Q:** Which cultural region has icy peaks stretching above the Gilgit River?

**A:** The northern territory of Gilgit-Baltistan.

982**Q:** What is the Hunza Valley traditionally known for?

**A:** Serving as a resting place for travelers, and it’s home to diverse wildlife.

983**Q:** What vibrant feature cuts through the rocky terrain in the Hunza Valley?

**A:** The vibrant turquoise waters of a lake.

984**Q:** What violent origin story is associated with the serene landscape of the Hunza Valley?

**A:** The landscape has a violent origin story, although not detailed in the text.

985**Q:** What significant event occurred in January 2010 in Attabad Village?

**A:** A massive landslide flooded the village, blocked the Hunza River, and displaced thousands of
people.

986**Q:** Why is Attabad Village now a popular stop for tourists?

**A:** Tourists can take boats out on the water.

987**Q:** What is the nickname for Deosai National Park?

**A:** “Land of the Giants.”

988**Q:** What wildlife can be found in Deosai National Park?

**A:** Tibetan wolf, Himalayan ibex, Tibetan red fox, golden marmots, and critically endangered
Himalayan brown bear.
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989**Q:** When did the government grant protected status to Deosai National Park?

**A:** 1993.

990**Q:** What legend is associated with Kaghan Valley, according to one version?

**A:** A prince of Persia fell in love with a fairy princess at Lake Saiful Muluk, and a giant flooded the
valley in fury.

991**Q:** What brings visitors to Kaghan Valley?

**A:** Alpine lakes, mountain scenery, and clear night skies.

992**Q:** What is the nickname for Arang Kel in Neelum Valley?

**A:** The pearl of Neelum Valley.

993**Q:** What is the geography of Neelum Valley in Azad Kashmir?

**A:** It is bow-shaped, sandwiched between 13,000-foot peaks, with verdant forests and streams.

994**Q:** What variety of vegetation and wildlife is found in the Himalaya, Karakoram, and
Hindukush ranges?

**A:** A rich variety, including avifauna, both endemic and migratory.

995**Q:** How many mammalian orders are represented in Pakistan?

**A:** Eight.

996**Q:** What is the smallest surviving mammal in Pakistan?

**A:** The Mediterranean Pygmy Shrew.

997**Q:** What is the largest mammal ever known in Pakistan?

**A:** The blue whale.

Page 106 of 174

998**Q:** What features does the Punjab province in Pakistan comprise?

**A:** Rich agricultural lands, an extensive network of rivers and channels, shrines, ancient forts, and
gardens from the Mughal era.

999**Q:** What flourished over 20 years ago in Northern Pakistan during the Gandhara Buddhist
civilization?

**A:** The Gandhara Buddhist civilization flourished.

1000**Q:** What kind of weather do tourists enjoy in Deosai National Park during spring?

**A:** Lush valleys swept by wildflowers and rare butterflies.

1001**Q:** What is the goal of protecting Deosai National Park?

**A:** To safeguard the critically endangered Himalayan brown bear.

1002**Q:** What mountain ranges offer a rich variety of vegetation and wildlife in Pakistan?

**A:** Himalaya, Karakoram, and Hindukush ranges.

1003**Q:** How many of the 14 highest mountain peaks of the world are in Pakistan?

**A:** Five.

1004**Q:** What event led to the flooding of Kaghan Valley, according to the legend?

**A:** The giant’s fury after the prince escaped with the fairy princess.

1005**Q:** What is the principal seat of Buddhist learning in Pakistan?

**A:** Taxila.

1006**Q:** Name three places worth visiting in Lahore, Pakistan.

**A:** Shalimar Gardens Lahore, Wazir Khan Mosque, Lahore Fort (Shalu Qila).

1007**Q:** Which province is the largest in Pakistan in terms of area?

Page 107 of 174

**A:** Balochistan.

1008**Q:** What is the newly developed port in Balochistan?

**A:** Gwadar Port.

1009**Q:** Name three caves for tourists to visit in Balochistan.

**A:** Juniper Shaft Cave, Shahre-e-Roghan, Mangocher Cave.

1010**Q:** What is the scenic drive along Pakistan’s Arabian Sea coast called?

**A:** Makran Coastal Highway.

1011**Q:** What unique rock formations are found along the Buzi Pass in Hingol National Park?

**A:** Lunar rock formations.

1012**Q:** What is the famous rock sculpture along the Makran Coastal Highway shaped like a
sphinx?

**A:** “Lion of Balochistan.”

1013**Q:** What is the most renowned feature of Hingol National Park’s diverse wildlife?

**A:** Cluster of active mud volcanoes.

1014**Q:** What chemical reaction creates boiling mud in the mud volcanoes of Hingol National
Park?

**A:** Interaction of hot spring activity, gas, and water with surrounding rocks.

1015**Q:** Which mud volcano in Hingol National Park is a sacred pilgrimage site for Hindus?

**A:** Chandragup.

1016**Q:** Which province in Pakistan is home to the ancient city of Mohenjo-daro?

Page 108 of 174

**A:** Sindh.

1017**Q:** What is the commercial hub city of Sindh?

**A:** Karachi.

1018**Q:** What is the primary seaport in Sindh?

**A:** Karachi.

1019**Q:** Name a famous temple near the mud volcano Chandragup in Hingol National Park.

**A:** Hinglaj temple.

1020**Q:** Which civilization is associated with the ancient city of Mohenjo-daro in Sindh?

**A:** Indus Valley Civilisation.

1021**Q:** What is the blend of heritages that modern Pakistanis represent?

**A:** Harappan, Indo-Aryan, Indo-Iranian, Saka, Parthian, Kushan, Hun, Afghan, Arab, Turkic, and
Mughal.

1022**Q:** What makes up the diverse cultural influences in the land that is now Pakistan?

**A:** Waves of invaders and migrants.

1023**Q:** Which heritage has influenced the locals in modern Pakistan?

**A:** Harappan, Indo-Aryan, Indo-Iranian, Saka, Parthian, Kushan, Hun, Afghan, Arab, Turkic, and
Mughal.

1024**Q:** What are modern Pakistanis a blend of?

**A:** Harappan, Indo-Aryan, Indo-Iranian, Saka, Parthian, Kushan, Hun, Afghan, Arab, Turkic, and
Mughal heritages.

1025**Q:** What is the oldest Asian civilization encompassing modern-day Pakistan?

**A:** The Indus Valley Civilisation.

Page 109 of 174

1026**Q:** Which ancient civilizations precede the Indus Valley Civilisation in age?

**A:** Mesopotamia and Egypt.

1027**Q:** Who is considered the founder of the Sikh religion?

**A:** Baba Guru Nanak.

1028**Q:** What is the Land of Fragrance where Buddhism found avid followers and patrons?

**A:** Gandhara.

1029**Q:** What are the Buddhist ruins of Taxila considered?

**A:** Priceless treasures of immense interest to Buddhists and researchers.

1030**Q:** When was the first university founded in Taxila?

**A:** In the 10th century BC.

1031**Q:** What is the sacred shrine near Lahore that is significant to the Sikh community?

**A:** Gurdwara Darbar Sahib, Kartarpur.

1032**Q:** Why was the Kartarpur Corridor opened by Pakistan?

**A:** To provide Indian Sikh pilgrims with visa-free access.

1033**Q:** What did the renovation and expansion of the Kartarpur Corridor symbolize?

**A:** Goodwill of the people of Pakistan for the Sikh community and interfaith harmony.

1034**Q:** How are Gurdwaras and Sikh shrines in Pakistan treated by the government?

**A:** Declared sacred places and meticulously maintained.

1035**Q:** What did Sufi saints in Pakistan preach?

Page 110 of 174

**A:** Amity, peace, and universal love.

1036**Q:** What values did the teachings of Sufi saints promote in society?

**A:** Religious co-existence, communal harmony, and tolerance.

1037**Q:** Name the Sikh Gurus associated with Punjab.

**A:** Sikh Gurus were associated with Punjab.

1038**Q:** What is the significance of Gurdwara Darbar Sahib in Kartarpur?

**A:** It is sacred to the Sikh community and visited by thousands of pilgrims.

1039**Q:** Why did Pakistan open the Kartarpur Corridor?

**A:** To facilitate visa-free access for Indian Sikh pilgrims and promote goodwill.

1040**Q:** What is the Land of Fragrance known for in relation to Buddhism?

**A:** It found avid followers, supporters, and patrons in Gandhara.

1041**Q:** Which ancient civilization was centered around the first-ever university in Taxila?

**A:** Indus Valley Civilisation.

1042**Q:** What is the spiritual significance of the shrines of Data Ganj Bakhsh Hajveri and Hazrat
Lal Shahbaz Qalandar?

**A:** They are worth a visit for spiritual solace and eternal satisfaction.

1043**Q:** Why has there been communal harmony in Pakistan according to the passage?

**A:** Due to the teachings of Saints and Sufis promoting tolerance and harmony.

1044**Q:** Which values were preached by Sufi saints in Pakistan?

**A:** Amity, peace, and universal love.

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Unit 17

Desiree’s baby

1045**Q:** What brings Madame Valmonde to L’Abri?

**A:** She visits Desiree and the baby.

1046**Q:** How does Madame Valmonde feel about Desiree having a baby?

**A:** She finds it amusing and laughs at the thought.

1047**Q:** Where was Desiree found as a baby?

**A:** Monsieur found her lying asleep in the shadow of a big stone pillar at Valmonde.

1048**Q:** What does the prevailing belief say about Desiree’s origin?

**A:** Some believe she was purposely left by a party of Texans.

1049**Q:** Why does Madame Valmonde believe Desiree was sent to her?

**A:** She believes it was an act of beneficent Providence since she was without a child.

1050**Q:** What does Armand Aubigny do when he sees Desiree at the stone pillar?

**A:** He falls in love with her.

1051**Q:** How does Armand react when he falls in love?

**A:** He falls in love as if struck by a pistol shot.

1052**Q:** How does Armand’s father bring him home?

**A:** He brings him home from Paris when Armand is eight years old.

1053**Q:** What softens Armand’s imperious nature?

Page 112 of 174

**A:** Marriage and the birth of his son soften his nature.

1054**Q:** How does Desiree feel about Armand?

**A:** She loves him desperately.

1055**Q:** What happens to Desiree’s happiness when her baby is born?

**A:** Her happiness grows, as Armand becomes a proud father.

1056**Q:** What change does Armand undergo after the birth of his son?

**A:** His imperious and exacting nature softens.

1057**Q:** What disturbs Desiree about the atmosphere after three months?

**A:** There is an air of mystery and disquieting suggestions among the blacks.

1058**Q:** What does Armand’s manner become after three months?

**A:** His manner becomes strange, and there’s an awful change in his behavior.

1059**Q:** How does Desiree react to Armand’s changed behavior?

**A:** She becomes miserable and feels like dying.

1060**Q:** What does Desiree write in her letter to Madame Valmonde?

**A:** She writes about being told she’s not white and pleads for her mother’s help.

1061**Q:** What does Armand think of Desiree’s racial background?

**A:** He believes she is not white.

1062**Q:** How does Desiree defend her whiteness?

**A:** She mentions her brown hair, gray eyes, and fair skin.
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1063**Q:** What shocking revelation does Armand make about Desiree and the baby?

**A:** He reveals that the baby is not white and implies that Desiree is not white either.

1064**Q:** How does Desiree react to Armand’s revelation?

**A:** She is stunned and walks away in shock.

1065**Q:** What does Desiree do after Armand tells her to go?

**A:** She walks away, clutching their child, feeling devastated.

1066**Q:** What tragic decision does Desiree make?

**A:** She disappears among the reeds and willows and does not return.

1067**Q:** What does Armand do after Desiree leaves?

**A:** He sets a bonfire in the yard, burning all reminders of Desiree and the baby.

1068**Q:** What items are burned in the bonfire?

**A:** A cradle, layette, silk gowns, bonnets, gloves, and letters are burned.

1069**Q:** What is the symbolic act Armand performs with the bonfire?

**A:** He erases all traces of Desiree and their mixed-race child from his life.

1070**Q:** How does Armand deal with the materials for the bonfire?

**A:** He coldly and cruelly distributes them to the slaves who keep the fire ablaze.

1071**Q:** What is left in the drawer after the bonfire?

**A:** The remnant of an old letter from Armand’s mother to his father.

1072**Q:** What does the letter from Armand’s mother reveal?

**A:** She thanks God that Armand will never know his mother belongs to the cursed race of slavery.
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1073**Q:** What feelings does Armand have toward Desiree after her departure?

**A:** He feels betrayed and believes she brought an unconscious injury to his home and name.

1074**Q:** Why does Armand believe God dealt cruelly with him?

**A:** He thinks God dealt cruelly because of the unconscious injury brought by Desiree.

1075**Q:** What does Armand feel about Desiree after the revelation?

**A:** He no longer loves her due to the perceived injury she brought upon his home and name.

1076**Q:** How does Desiree walk away after the revelation?

**A:** She walks away under the live-oak branches in a thin white garment and slippers.

1077**Q:** What is Desiree’s physical state as she walks away?

**A:** She is motionless, silent, and white, like a stone image.

1078**Q:** What does Desiree do with her child during her walk?

**A:** She takes the child from the nurse and walks away under the live-oak branches.

1079**Q:** What is the significance of the live-oak branches?

**A:** They provide a setting for Desiree’s walk and reflect the somber mood of the scene.

1080**Q:** What is the child doing during Desiree’s walk?

**A:** The child is asleep on her arm as she walks away.

1081**Q:** Where does Desiree disappear after her walk?

**A:** She disappears among the reeds And willows along the banks of the deep, sluggish bayou.

1082**Q:** What is the setting during Desiree’s walk?

Page 115 of 174

**A:** It is an October afternoon with the sun sinking and the negroes picking cotton in the still fields.

1083**Q:** How is Desiree’s attire during her walk?

**A:** She wears a thin white garment and slippers, and her hair is uncovered.

1084**Q:** What is the condition of Desiree’s gown after her walk?

**A:** It is torn to shreds from walking through the deserted field.

1085**Q:** What does Desiree disappear into along the bayou?

**A:** She disappears among the reeds and willows that grow thick along the banks of the deep,
sluggish bayou.

1086**Q:** What scene unfolds weeks later at L’Abri?

**A:** Armand sets a bonfire to burn Desiree’s belongings in the yard.

1087**Q:** Where does Armand sit during the bonfire?

**A:** He sits in the wide hallway that commands a view of the bonfire.

1088**Q:** Who helps keep the bonfire ablaze?

**A:** A half dozen negroes deal with the material that feeds the fire.

1089**Q:** What items are added to the bonfire?

**A:** A cradle, layette, silk gowns, bonnets, gloves, and letters are added.

1090**Q:** What is the symbolic meaning of burning the cradle?

**A:** It symbolizes erasing any trace of Desiree and the mixed-race child from Armand’s life.

1091**Q:** How does Armand feel about his heritage?

**A:** He thinks his heritage is cursed with the brand of slavery.

Page 116 of 174

1092**Q:** What is left in the drawer after the bonfire?

**A:** The remnant of an old letter from Armand’s mother to his father.

1093**Q:** What is the tone of the letter from Armand’s mother?

**A:** It expresses gratitude to God for arranging their lives so that Armand will never know his
mother’s race.

1094**Q:** What internal conflict does Armand face?

**A:** He feels God has dealt cruelly with him, and he believes he is paying God back by hurting
Desiree.

1095**Q:** How does Desiree’s hair appear during her walk?

**A:** Her hair is uncovered, and the sun’s rays bring a golden gleam from its brown meshes.

1096**Q:** What does Desiree do with her hair during her walk?

**A:** She listlessly draws through her fingers the strands of her long, silky brown hair.

1097**Q:** What is the condition of Desiree’s feet after her walk?

**A:** The stubble in the deserted field bruised her tender feet, delicately shod.

1098**Q:** What material is used for fanning the child during Desiree’s walk?

**A:** A fan of peacock feathers is used to fan the child.

1099**Q:** What does Desiree hold in her hand while talking about her child?

**A:** She holds Armand’s wrist, comparing the whiteness of her hand to his.

1100**Q:** How does Desiree feel about her child’s growth?

**A:** She is happy and proud of her child’s growth.

Page 117 of 174

1101**Q:** What does Desiree say about Armand’s reaction to their child?

**A:** She claims he is the proudest father in the parish, especially since it is a boy.

1102**Q:** How does Armand react when he hears his child crying?

**A:** He is indifferent and does not punish the slaves, even those pretending to be injured.

1103**Q:** How does Desiree feel about Armand’s reaction to their child’s cries?

**A:** She is so happy that it frightens her.

1104**Q:** What becomes of Armand’s imperious and exacting nature after the birth of his son?

**A:** It softens considerably.

1105**Q:** What realization does Desiree have about Armand after their child’s birth?

**A:** She realizes that Armand’s nature has softened, and he is no longer as strict.

1106**Q:** What does Armand say about loving a girl as much as a boy?

**A:** He claims he would have loved a girl as much, but Desiree believes he says it to please her.

1107**Q:** What change does Armand undergo after falling in love with Desiree?

**A:** His dark, handsome face has not often been disfigured by frowns since the day he fell in love.

1108**Q:** What role does Zandrine play in Desiree’s household?

**A:** Zandrine is a yellow nurse woman who helps care for Desiree’s child.

1109**Q:** Who is Madame Valmonde visiting in the beginning of the passage?

**A:** Desiree and the baby.

1110**Q:** How did Madame Valmonde come across Desiree when she was a baby?
Page 118 of 174

**A:** Monsieur Valmonde found her lying asleep near a stone pillar.

1111**Q:** What was the prevailing belief about Desiree’s origin as a child?

**A:** Some people believed she had been left there by a party of Texans.

1112**Q:** Why did Madame Valmonde believe Desiree was sent to her by a beneficent
Providence?

**A:** Because Madame Valmonde was without a child of her own.

1113**Q:** Who falls in love with Desiree when she grows up?

**A:** Armand Aubigny.

1114**Q:** What changes in Armand’s behavior after the birth of his son?

**A:** Armand’s imperious and exacting nature softens.

1115**Q:** What does Desiree notice after about three months of her child’s birth?

**A:** Something in the air menacing her peace.

1116**Q:** How does Armand treat the slaves after the birth of his son?

**A:** He becomes harsh and deals with them in a spirit of Satan.

1117**Q:** What does Desiree fear will happen due to the threatening mist?

**A:** She fears she will die from unhappiness.

1118**Q:** Whom does Desiree send a letter to when she can hold a pen?

**A:** Madame Valmonde.

1119**Q:** What does Armand tell Desiree about their child?

**A:** Armand reveals that the child is not white.

Page 119 of 174

1120**Q:** What request does Desiree make to Armand regarding their child?

**A:** She asks Armand to tell her it’s not true.

1121**Q:** What does Armand accuse Desiree of after the revelation about their child?

**A:** He accuses her of not being white.

1122**Q:** What does Desiree try to convince Armand of regarding her appearance?

**A:** She emphasizes her brown hair, gray eyes, and fair skin.

1123**Q:** How does Armand respond when Desiree asks him if he wants her to go?

**A:** He coldly says yes.

1124**Q:** What does Desiree say when she leaves Armand?

**A:** “Good-by, Armand.”

1125**Q:** What does Desiree do with her child after leaving Armand?

**A:** She takes the child from the nurse and walks away.

1126**Q:** What happens to the material possessions of the child and Desiree’s layette?

**A:** They are thrown into a bonfire.

1127**Q:** What remains of Desiree’s letters in Armand’s possession?

**A:** Part of an old letter from his mother to his father.

1128**Q:** What is revealed about Armand’s mother in the remaining letter?

**A:** She belongs to the race cursed with the brand of slavery.

1129**Q:** What view does Armand have of the bonfire?

Page 120 of 174

**A:** He sits in the wide hallway and observes the spectacle.

1130**Q:** Why does Armand deal out material to keep the bonfire ablaze?

**A:** To burn the cradle, layette, and other possessions associated with Desiree and the child.

1131**Q:** What is placed on the bonfire first?

**A:** A graceful cradle of willow.

1132**Q:** What quality is mentioned about the corbeille?

**A:** It was of rare quality.

1133**Q:** What is the last thing to go into the bonfire?

**A:** A tiny bundle of letters, part of an old letter from Armand’s mother.

1134**Q:** What does Desiree wear as she walks away from L’Abri?

**A:** A thin white garment and slippers.

1135**Q:** How does Desiree look as she walks away under the live-oak branches?

**A:** She is silent, white, and motionless, like a stone image.

1136**Q:** What is the state of the fields as Desiree walks away?

**A:** The negroes are picking cotton in the still fields.

1137**Q:** What does Desiree do when she walks away under the live-oak branches?

**A:** She disappears among the reeds and willows along the banks of the deep, sluggish bayou.

1138**Q:** What kind of afternoon is it when Desiree walks away?

**A:** It is an October afternoon, and the sun is just sinking.

Page 121 of 174

1139**Q:** What material are the cradle and layette made of?

**A:** The cradle is made of willow, and the layette is of rare quality.

1140**Q:** What is Desiree’s demeanor after placing the letter on Armand’s desk?

**A:** She is like a stone image: silent, white, and motionless.

1141**Q:** What does Armand do when he reads Desiree’s letter?

**A:** He does not say anything; he reads it in silence.

1142**Q:** What is Desiree doing when Armand enters the room?

**A:** She is sitting in her room, drawing through her fingers the strands of her long, silky brown hair.

1143**Q:** What does Desiree notice about the baby when Madame Valmonde visits?

**A:** The baby has grown and changed.

1144**Q:** Who does Desiree claim is the proudest father in the parish?

**A:** Armand Aubigny.

1145**Q:** What does Desiree say about Armand’s reaction to having a girl?

**A:** Desiree believes he would have loved a girl as much as a boy.

1146**Q:** How does Desiree describe the baby’s

Crying?

**A:** Desiree says the baby’s crying is deafening.

1147**Q:** What did Armand hear as far away as La Blanche’s cabin?

**A:** He heard the baby crying.

Page 122 of 174

1148**Q:** What does Armand notice when he sees Desiree standing against the stone pillar?

**A:** Armand falls in love with her.

1149**Q:** How does Armand react to seeing Desiree at the gate?

**A:** He falls in love with her as if struck by a pistol shot.

1150**Q:** When did Armand first know Desiree?

**A:** He knew her since his father brought him home from Paris, a boy of eight.

1151**Q:** What does Armand decide to do when he falls in love with Desiree?

**A:** He orders the corbeille from Paris and waits patiently until it arrives.

1152**Q:** What is the setting of L’Abri?

**A:** L’Abri is a place with a sad-looking house, surrounded by big, solemn oaks and encircled by
wide galleries.

1153**Q:** Who was the last mistress of L’Abri before Desiree?

**A:** Old Monsieur Aubigny’s wife, who died in France.

1154**Q:** How does Armand’s rule differ from his father’s at L’Abri?

**A:** Armand’s rule is strict, and under him, the slaves forget how to be gay.

1155**Q:** What does Desiree look like when Madame Valmonde visits her?

**A:** Desiree is in a soft white muslin and lace gown, lying on a couch with her recovering baby.

1156**Q:** What is Armand doing when Madame Valmonde visits L’Abri?

**A:** Armand is dealing out material to a half dozen negroes for a bonfire.

1157**Q:** What is Armand’s demeanor when Desiree presents Madame Valmonde’s letter?
Page 123 of 174

**A:** He coldly but gently loosens her fingers from his arm and thrusts her hand away.

1158**Q:** What does Madame Valmonde notice about the baby when she visits L’Abri?

**A:** Madame Valmonde notices that the baby has changed and grown.

1158**Q:** What is Armand searching for among the papers on the table?

**A:** Armand is searching among papers on the table in his study.

1159**Q:** How does Desiree react when she sees the baby for the first time in four weeks?

**A:** She shudders at the sight of L’Abri, as she always does.

1160**Q:** What is the condition of L’Abri as described by Madame Valmonde?

**A:** L’Abri is a sad-looking place that has not known the gentle presence of a mistress for many
years.

1161**Q:** What is the appearance of L’Abri’s roof?

**A:** The roof comes down steep and black like a cowl, reaching out beyond the wide galleries.

1162**Q:** How does Desiree describe the baby’s growth and changes to Madame Valmonde?

**A:** Desiree says the baby has grown, has real finger-nails, and cries deafeningly.

1163**Q:** What is the state of the fields when Desiree walks away under the live-oak
branches?

**A:** The negroes are picking cotton in the still fields.

1164**Q:** How does Desiree look when she walks away under the live-oak branches?

**A:** She is silent, white, motionless, like a stone image.

1165**Q:** What is the month mentioned when Desiree walks away under the live-oak branches?
Page 124 of 174

**A:** It is October.

1166**Q:** What are the qualities of Desiree’s hair mentioned in her attempt to convince
Armand?

**A:** She emphasizes that her hair is brown and her eyes are gray.

1167**Q:** How does Armand respond when Desiree asks if he wants her to go?

**A:** He coldly says yes.

1168**Q:** What is the setting when Desiree walks away from L’Abri?

**A:** She walks across a deserted field, through reeds and willows along the banks of the deep,
sluggish bayou.

1169**Q:** How does Armand react when Desiree leaves?

**A:** He does not answer her; it’s his last blow at fate.

1170**Q:** What does Desiree notice about her child after about three months?

**A:** There is something in the air menacing her peace.

1171**Q:** What does Armand accuse Desiree of regarding their child?

**A:** He accuses her of not being white.

Unit 18 poem

Lines from deserted village

1172**Q:** What is the poem’s setting described in the first few lines?

**A:** Sweet Auburn, the loveliest village of the plain.

1173**Q:** What elements brought joy to the laboring swain in the village?
Page 125 of 174

**A:** Health and plenty.

1174**Q:** What did smiling spring do in the village?

**A:** It paid its earliest visit.

1175**Q:** What did parting summer do in the village?

**A:** It delayed its lingering blooms.

1176**Q:** What are described as “seats of innocence and ease”?

**A:** Bowers of the village.

1177**Q:** What are the seats beneath the hawthorn bush made for?

**A:** Talking age and whispering lovers.

1178**Q:** What did the swain do when toil remitted?

**A:** Engaged in play.

1179**Q:** What led up the sports in the village?

**A:** The village train, freed from labor.

1180**Q:** What was a common pastime in the village?

**A:** Contests and gambols.

1181**Q:** What were some characteristics of the church on the neighboring hill?

**A:** Decent and overlooking the surroundings.

1182**Q:** What did the swain do without concern for his smutted face?

**A:** Engaged in sports and pastimes.

Page 126 of 174

1183**Q:** What emotions did the bashful virgin convey with her looks of love?

**A:** Side-long glances.

1184**Q:** What happened to the village’s charms?

**A:** They are described as fled.

1185**Q:** What is the current state of the village’s greenery?

**A:** Desolation saddens all its green.

1186**Q:** Who is the tyrant mentioned in the poem?

**A:** The one master who grasps the whole domain.

1187**Q:** What happened to the glassy brook in the village?

**A:** It no longer reflects the day, choked with sedges.

1188**Q:** What guards its nest in the deserted walks of the village?

**A:** The hollow-sounding bittern.

1189**Q:** What flies amidst the deserted walks, tiring echoes with cries?

**A:** The lapwing.

1190**Q:** What happened to the village’s bowers?

**A:** They are sunk in shapeless ruin.

1191**Q:** What covers the mouldering wall of the village?

**A:** Long grass.

1192**Q:** How do the children of the village react to the spoiler’s hand?

**A:** They leave the land, far away.

Page 127 of 174

1193**Q:** What is the overall fate of the land according to the poem?

**A:** It’s described as a prey to hastening ills.

1194**Q:** What does the accumulation of wealth lead to in the land?

**A:** Men decay.

1195**Q:** What is mentioned as flourishing or fading in the land?

**A:** Princes and lords.

1196**Q:** What is described as a breath that can make or break individuals?

**A:** A breath of fate.

1197**Q:** What is emphasized as a country’s pride in the poem?

**A:** A bold peasantry.

1198**Q:** What happens if a bold peasantry is once destroyed?

**A:** It can never be supplied.

1199**Q:** What is the predominant emotion in the village when the poem concludes?

**A:** Sorrow and desolation.

1200**Q:** What does the lapwing do in the deserted walks of the village?

**A:** It flies and tires the echoes with cries.

1201**Q:** What element is missing in the village’s current state, contrasting with the past?

**A:** The joyous sports and charms.

Unit 19 novel

Lord of the flies

Page 128 of 174

Chapter 1

1202**Q:** What is the name of the novel?

**A:** The novel is titled “Lord of the Flies,” written by William Golding, and it explores the dark
aspects of human nature.

1203**Q:** What is the setting at the beginning of Chapter 1?

**A:** The setting unfolds on a deserted tropical island, providing a blank canvas for the unfolding
dynamics of the characters.

1204**Q:** Who is the first character introduced?

**A:** The first character introduced is Ralph, a charismatic and initially optimistic boy who becomes a
central figure in the group dynamics.

1205**Q:** What does Ralph find on the island?

**A:** Ralph discovers a conch shell, a symbol of authority and order that becomes instrumental in
the establishment of rules and communication among the boys.

1206**Q:** What purpose does the conch shell serve?

**A:** The conch shell serves as a symbolic tool, representing order and civilization. Its significance
grows as it becomes a means of calling meetings and maintaining a semblance of governance.

1207**Q:** Who blows the conch to gather the boys?

**A:** Ralph, recognizing the conch’s potential as a means of organizing the boys, blows it to assemble
them and establish a sense of order.

1208**Q:** What is the boys’ initial goal?

**A:** Initially, the boys’ primary goal is to be rescued, emphasizing their hope for a return to
civilization and the comfort of societal norms.

1209**Q:** Who emerges as a natural leader early on?

**A:** Ralph emerges as a natural leader, captivating the boys with his charismatic approach and
leadership qualities.
Page 129 of 174

1210**Q:** What is the name of the littlun who mentions the “beastie”?

**A:** The littlun who mentions the “beastie” is Phil, adding an element of fear and foreshadowing to
the narrative.

1211**Q:** What is the boys’ reaction to the mention of the “beastie”?

**A:** The boys exhibit skepticism and dismissiveness in response to the idea of a “beastie,”
highlighting the tension between reason and primal fears.

1212**Q:** Who suggests building a signal fire?

**A:** Piggy, the intellectual and rational member of the group, suggests building a signal fire as a
practical means of attracting rescuers.

1213**Q:** How do the boys start the fire?

**A:** The boys use Piggy’s glasses to focus sunlight, showcasing resourcefulness and the reliance on
technology for survival.

1214**Q:** What happens to the fire at the end of Chapter 1?

**A:** The fire burns out of control, symbolizing the potential dangers of unchecked power and the
fragility of their attempts at civilization.

1215**Q:** What do the boys use to call meetings?

**A:** The boys use the conch shell as a symbolic and practical tool to call meetings, emphasizing the
importance of order in their evolving society.

1216**Q:** What is the boys’ reaction to the fire getting out of control?

**A:** Panic and chaos ensue among the boys as the fire, initially a symbol of hope, spirals into an
uncontrollable force, foreshadowing the challenges they will face.

1217**Q:** Who is the antagonist introduced in Chapter 1?

**A:** Jack, introduced as a character with a contrasting approach to leadership, emerges as an

antagonist, setting the stage for conflicts centered around power dynamics.
Page 130 of 174

1218**Q:** What is Jack’s primary focus initially?

**A:** Jack’s primary focus initially is on hunting, highlighting the primal instincts and divergence from
civilization that will become central to his character.

1219**Q:** What is Piggy’s physical characteristic that sets him apart?

**A:** Piggy is characterized by the physical trait of wearing glasses, symbolizing his intellectual
capacity and vulnerability.

1220**Q:** What does Piggy represent in the group dynamics?

**A:** Piggy represents intellect and reason, serving as a counterbalance to the more impulsive and
primal behaviors exhibited by some of the other boys.

1221**Q:** What role does the naval officer play at the end of Chapter 1?

**A:** The naval officer serves as a symbol of external authority and, unwittingly, of the society the
boys have left behind. His arrival introduces a temporary sense of order and safety.

1222**Q:** How do the boys feel upon meeting the naval officer?

**A:** The boys, initially embarrassed and awkward, experience a complex mix of emotions, realizing
the stark contrast between their savage existence and the expectations of societal norms.

1223**Q:** What does the officer think caused the boys’ chaotic state?

**A:** The officer attributes the boys’ chaotic state to a simple, childish game, reflecting the external
world’s inability to comprehend the depth of the boys’ descent into savagery.

1224**Q:** What is the overall mood at the end of Chapter 1?

**A:** The mood at the end of Chapter 1 is tense and uncertain, foreshadowing the darker themes
that will unfold as the story progresses.

1225**Q:** How does the boys’ behavior foreshadow future conflicts?

**A:** The boys’ initial struggles for power and the challenges in maintaining order foreshadow the
intensifying conflicts and primal struggles that will define their island society.
Page 131 of 174

1226**Q:** What is the significance of the conch in Chapter 1?

**A:** The conch symbolizes order and civilization, serving as a visual representation of the boys’
attempt to establish a structured society on the island.

1227**Q:** What does the fire symbolize in Chapter 1?

**A:** The fire symbolizes the boys’ connection to civilization and their hope for rescue. However, it
also foreshadows the destructive potential of unchecked power.

1228**Q:** How does Jack express his desire for power in Chapter 1?

**A:** Jack expresses his desire for power by challenging Ralph’s authority, setting the stage for a
power struggle that will intensify as the story unfolds.

1229**Q:** What do the boys’ interactions with the fire foreshadow?

**A:** The boys’ interactions with the fire foreshadow their ongoing struggle to maintain civilization
and control, hinting at the challenges they will face in preserving order on the island.

1230**Q:** How does Piggy’s character contribute to the group’s dynamics?

**A:** Piggy contributes to the group’s dynamics by providing intellectual guidance and rationality,
acting as a voice of reason amidst the increasing chaos.

1231**Q:** What themes are introduced in Chapter 1?

**A:** Chapter 1 introduces themes of civilization, order, the innate human capacity for savagery, and
the delicate balance between societal norms and primal instincts.

Chapter 2

1232**Q:** What is the title of Chapter 2 in “Lord of the Flies”?

**A:** Chapter 2 is titled “Fire on the Mountain.”

1233**Q:** How do the boys attempt to make a signal fire in Chapter 2?

Page 132 of 174

**A:** The boys use Piggy’s glasses to focus sunlight and ignite a fire.

1234**Q:** What challenges do the boys face in maintaining the signal fire?

**A:** The fire is difficult to keep lit, and it requires constant attention and effort.

1235**Q:** What important item do the boys overlook when attempting to make the signal fire?

**A:** They overlook the necessity of keeping a constant watch on the fire.

1236**Q:** Who is appointed as the fire watcher?

**A:** Sam and Eric (Samneric) are appointed as the fire watchers.

1237**Q:** What does the fire symbolize in Chapter 2?

**A:** The fire symbolizes the boys’ hope for rescue and their connection to civilization.

1238**Q:** What is the significance of the dead parachutist in Chapter 2?

**A:** The dead parachutist introduces fear and a potential source of conflict among the boys.

1239**Q:** How does Jack react to not being elected leader in Chapter 2?

**A:** Jack is upset and rebellious, highlighting early signs of his growing desire for power.

1240**Q:** What does Ralph suggest the boys should use as a bathroom in Chapter 2?

**A:** Ralph suggests they use a specific area for a communal bathroom to maintain cleanliness.

1241**Q:** What is the “scar” mentioned in Chapter 2?

**A:** The “scar” refers to the cleared area left by the crashed plane, symbolizing the destructive
impact of the boys on the island.

1242**Q:** What is the primary emotion felt by the boys in Chapter 2?

Page 133 of 174

**A:** Frustration is a primary emotion as the boys struggle to establish order and maintain the signal
fire.

1243**Q:** What role does Piggy continue to play in Chapter 2?

**A:** Piggy remains a voice of reason and intellect, offering practical suggestions and advice.

1244**Q:** How does the boys’ attitude toward the signal fire change in Chapter 2?

**A:** Initially enthusiastic, the boys become increasingly careless about the fire, reflecting their
shifting priorities.

1245**Q:** What happens to the boy with the birthmark during the first attempt at making the
signal fire?

**A:** The boy with the birthmark is missing and presumed dead after the initial attempt at making
the fire.

1246**Q:** How does the dead parachutist affect the boys?

**A:** The sight of the dead parachutist induces fear and contributes to the growing sense of unease
among the boys.

1247**Q:** Who takes charge of building shelters in Chapter 2?

**A:** Ralph takes charge of building shelters, emphasizing the importance of safety and long-term
survival.

1248**Q:** How does Jack react to the idea of building shelters?

**A:** Jack is initially resistant to the idea of building shelters, prioritizing hunting over long-term
survival.

1249**Q:** What does the conflict between Jack and Ralph foreshadow in Chapter 2?

**A:** The conflict foreshadows the power struggle between Jack’s desire for hunting and immediate
gratification and Ralph’s focus on order and rescue.

1250**Q:** What item is used to call meetings in Chapter 2?

Page 134 of 174

**A:** The conch shell continues to be used as a symbol of authority to call meetings.

1251**Q:** How does the author convey the boys’ descent into savagery in Chapter 2?

**A:** The neglect of the signal fire, the increasing disorder, and the ominous presence of the dead
parachutist all contribute to the portrayal of their descent into savagery.

1252**Q:** What do the boys discover on the island that adds a sense of mystery in Chapter 2?

**A:** The boys discover mysterious, unexplained sounds during the night, heightening the tension
on the island.

1253**Q:** How does the idea of the “beastie” resurface in Chapter 2?

**A:** The boys, influenced by fear and superstition, discuss the possibility of a beastie inhabiting the
island.

1254**Q:** What is the significance of the boys’ changing attitudes toward rules in Chapter 2?

**A:** The boys’ diminishing adherence to rules reflects their struggle to maintain order and the
erosion of societal norms on the island.

1255**Q:** What unexpected event occurs at the end of Chapter 2?

**A:** A ship passes by the island without noticing the boys, emphasizing their isolation and the
precariousness of their situation.

1245**Q:** How does the author use the setting in Chapter 2 to reflect the boys’ evolving situation?

**A:** The setting, from the mountain to the scar, mirrors the changing dynamics and challenges
faced by the boys on the island.

1246**Q:** What does the hunt for the beastie reveal about the boys’ fears in Chapter 2?

**A:** The boys’ fear of the unknown is manifested in the hunt for the beastie, showcasing the
psychological impact of their isolation.

1247**Q:** How does the dead parachutist become a symbol of the boys’ descent into savagery?
Page 135 of 174

**A:** The boys’ irrational fear and misinterpretation of the dead parachutist highlight their growing
descent into savagery and loss of rationality.

1248**Q:** What role does the fire play in the overall narrative of Chapter 2?

**A:** The fire, initially a symbol of hope, becomes a source of discord and neglect, symbolizing the
diminishing connection to civilization.

1249**Q:** What themes are further developed in Chapter 2?

**A:** Themes of civilization versus savagery, fear, and the impact of isolation are further developed
as the boys grapple with their circumstances.

1250**Q:** How does the introduction of the dead parachutist contribute to the overarching
themes of the novel?

**A:** The dead parachutist introduces a layer of fear and primal instincts, emphasizing the potential
for darkness within human nature and foreshadowing the challenges the boys will face on the island.

Chapter 3

1251**Q:** What is the title of Chapter 3 in “Lord of the Flies”?

**A:** Chapter 3 is titled “Huts on the Beach.”

1252**Q:** How do the boys attempt to create smoke in Chapter 3?

**A:** The boys attempt to create smoke by using green branches to enhance the signal fire.

1253**Q:** Why does Jack become increasingly obsessed with hunting in Chapter 3?

**A:** Jack becomes obsessed with hunting as it provides an outlet for his growing desire for power
and dominance.

1254**Q:** What role does Simon play in the group in Chapter 3?

**A:** Simon is characterized as a helpful and contemplative member of the group, often assisting
with tasks and offering insights.

1255**Q:** How does Piggy’s attitude towards the signal fire change in Chapter 3?
Page 136 of 174

**A:** Piggy becomes more insistent on the importance of maintaining the signal fire as a means of
attracting rescuers.

1256**Q:** What event prompts the boys to consider the existence of a “beast” in Chapter 3?

**A:** The sighting of a dead parachutist, mistaken for a beast, prompts fear and superstition among
the boys.

1257**Q:** What is the significance of the “dance” that occurs in Chapter 3?

**A:** The dance, led by Jack, symbolizes the boys’ descent into primal, savage behavior and
foreshadows future conflicts.

1258**Q:** How does Roger demonstrate his growing savagery in Chapter 3?

**A:** Roger begins to throw stones near Henry, showing an increasing disregard for societal norms
and a cruel streak.

1259**Q:** What is the main disagreement between Ralph and Jack in Chapter 3?

**A:** The main disagreement centers around priorities: Ralph focuses on the signal fire, while Jack
prioritizes hunting.

1260**Q:** What does the “beast from the air” symbolize in Chapter 3?

**A:** The “beast from the air” symbolizes the external threat and the boys’ growing fear of the
unknown.

1261**Q:** How does the author use the setting of the beach in Chapter 3 to convey the boys’
internal conflicts?

**A:** The beach setting becomes a battleground where the internal conflicts of power and fear
among the boys are manifested.

1262**Q:** What does Simon discover in the forest clearing in Chapter 3?

**A:** Simon discovers a secluded, serene area in the forest, hinting at a connection to nature and a
temporary escape from the chaos.
Page 137 of 174

1263**Q:** How does the concept of the “beast” evolve in Chapter 3?

**A:** The boys’ fear of the beast evolves from a vague superstition to a more tangible, albeit
mistaken, interpretation linked to the dead parachutist.

1264**Q:** How does Piggy react to the boys’ growing wildness in Chapter 3?

**A:** Piggy becomes increasingly concerned about the boys’ loss of order and civilization, reflecting
his role as a voice of reason.

1265**Q:** What is the symbolic significance of the boys’ grooming rituals in Chapter 3?

**A:** The boys’ grooming rituals symbolize an attempt to cling to civilization and societal norms amid
the encroaching chaos.

1266**Q:** What role does the conch shell play in the conflict between Ralph and Jack in Chapter
3?

**A:** The conch shell becomes a symbol of authority as Ralph uses it to call a meeting, highlighting
the power struggle between the two leaders.

1267**Q:** How does the author use the dead parachutist to explore the theme of fear in Chapter
3?

**A:** The dead parachutist becomes a source of irrational fear, accentuating the boys’ growing terror
and descent into savagery.

1268**Q:** What does the “beast from the air” represent in terms of the boys’ psychological state
in Chapter 3?

**A:** The “beast from the air” represents the manifestation of the boys’ internal fears and the
growing influence of the primal, irrational side of human nature.

1269**Q:** What does the scene with the severed pig’s head (the Lord of the Flies) symbolize in
Chapter 3?

**A:** The scene symbolizes the presence of evil and the boys’ descent into savagery, as well as
foreshadows the challenges they will face.

1270**Q:** How does the author use foreshadowing in Chapter 3?

Page 138 of 174

**A:** The discovery of the severed pig’s head foreshadows the intensifying conflict and the darker
aspects of the boys’ interactions on the island.

1271**Q:** What motivates the boys to build the huts on the beach in Chapter 3?

**A:** The boys build huts as a practical measure for shelter and a way to maintain a semblance of
order in their evolving society.

1272**Q:** What is the main contrast between Ralph’s and Jack’s leadership styles in Chapter 3?

**A:** Ralph emphasizes order, rescue, and the signal fire, while Jack focuses on hunting and
immediate gratification.

1273**Q:** How does the concept of the “beastie” impact the boys’ behavior in Chapter 3?

**A:** The fear of the “beastie” contributes to the boys’ paranoia and growing tendency toward
irrational and impulsive actions.

1274**Q:** What does the author communicate about societal norms through the conflicts in
Chapter 3?

**A:** The conflicts highlight the fragility of societal norms and the ease with which they can be
eroded in the absence of external authority.

1275**Q:** What themes are further developed in Chapter 3?

**A:** Themes of fear, power, and the thin line between civilization and savagery are further
developed as the boys grapple with their internal and external challenges.

1276**Q:** How does the author use the boys’ changing appearance to reflect their evolving state
of mind in Chapter 3?

**A:** The boys’ unkempt appearance and wild behavior reflect their descent into savagery and the
loss of societal norms.

1277**Q:** What does Jack’s leadership of the hunting party symbolize in Chapter 3?

**A:** Jack’s leadership of the hunting party symbolizes the shift toward primal instincts and the
pursuit of immediate gratification over long-term survival.
Page 139 of 174

1278**Q:** How does the author use the growing tension between Ralph and Jack to advance the
plot in Chapter 3?

**A:** The tension between Ralph and Jack sets the stage for the escalating conflicts and power
struggles that will unfold as the narrative progresses.

1279**Q:** How does the author explore the theme of isolation in Chapter 3?

**A:** The boys’ physical isolation on the island intensifies their psychological isolation, contributing
to the breakdown of societal norms.

1280**Q:** What is the overall tone at the end of Chapter 3?

**A:** The overall tone is one of increasing tension and foreboding as the boys’ internal and external
conflicts deepen, foreshadowing the challenges they will face on the island.

Chapter 4

1281**Q:** What is the title of Chapter 4?

**A:** Chapter 4 is titled “Painted Faces and Long Hair.”

1282**Q:** Why do the boys begin to neglect the signal fire in Chapter 4?

**A:** They become engrossed in building shelters and playing, neglecting the importance of the
signal fire.

1283**Q:** What does Roger do to the sandcastles in Chapter 4?

**A:** Roger kicks over the littluns’ sandcastles, displaying a growing cruelty.

1284**Q:** Who initially suggests the need for a watchtower in Chapter 4?

**A:** Simon suggests the idea of a watchtower, emphasizing the importance of vigilance.
Page 140 of 174

1285**Q:** How does Jack justify the need for hunting in Chapter 4?

**A:** Jack justifies hunting by asserting that they need meat for strength.

1286**Q:** What does the sow’s head on a stick symbolize in Chapter 4?

**A:** The sow’s head, also known as the Lord of the Flies, symbolizes the evil and savagery within the
boys.

1287**Q:** Who has a hallucination involving the Lord of the Flies in Chapter 4?

**A:** Simon experiences a hallucination where the Lord of the Flies speaks to him.

1288**Q:** How do the boys react to the sight of the dead parachutist in Chapter 4?

**A:** The boys mistake the dead parachutist for the beast and become terrified.

1289**Q:** What is the boys’ reaction to Simon’s revelation about the beast in Chapter 4?

**A:** They dismiss Simon’s revelation, attributing it to his peculiar behavior.

1290**Q:** Why do the boys become more obsessed with the idea of the beast in Chapter 4?

**A:** The boys become more obsessed due to fear and the influence of their imaginations.

1291**Q:** What does Jack steal from Piggy in Chapter 4?

**A:** Jack steals Piggy’s glasses, compromising the ability to start fires.

1292**Q:** How does Piggy react to the theft of his glasses in Chapter 4?

**A:** Piggy is upset and insists on the importance of the glasses for starting the signal fire.

1293**Q:** What does the conch represent during the meeting in Chapter 4?

**A:** The conch represents order and authority during the meeting, as only the one holding it can
speak.
Page 141 of 174

1294**Q:** What role does the weather play in Chapter 4?

**A:** The worsening weather reflects the growing tension and conflict among the boys.

1295**Q:** How does the author use the description of the boys’ appearance in Chapter 4 to
convey their descent into savagery?

**A:** The boys’ wild appearance, with long hair and painted faces, symbolizes their descent into
savagery.

1296**Q:** Who suggests the idea of a “beast from the air” in Chapter 4?

**A:** Samneric (Sam and Eric) suggest the idea of a “beast from the air” after witnessing the dead
parachutist.

1297**Q:** What does the spreading of the ashes symbolize in Chapter 4?

**A:** The spreading of the ashes symbolizes a futile attempt to suppress the growing savagery and
evil on the island.

1298**Q:** How does Ralph react to the realization that the boys are becoming more like
savages in Chapter 4?

**A:** Ralph is disturbed and begins to grasp the severity of their situation, recognizing the loss of
civilization.

1299**Q:** What does the author convey through the boys’ chanting and dancing around the fire in
Chapter 4?

**A:** The chanting and dancing represent a ritualistic and primal expression of their descent into
savagery.

1300**Q:** What is the significance of the boys mistaking Simon for the beast in Chapter 4?

**A:** The incident foreshadows the increasing blur between reality and the boys’ irrational fears.

1301**Q:** Who attempts to communicate with the imaginary “beast” during the night in Chapter
4?
Page 142 of 174

**A:** Simon tries to communicate with the imaginary “beast” during the night, revealing his
compassionate nature.

1302**Q:** What does the broken conch symbolize at the end of Chapter 4?

**A:** The broken conch symbolizes the complete breakdown of order and authority among the boys.

1303**Q:** How does the author use the dialogue between Simon and the Lord of the Flies to
explore deeper themes in Chapter 4?

**A:** The dialogue delves into the darker aspects of human nature, highlighting themes of morality
and the struggle between good and evil.

1304**Q:** What does the increasing chaos and conflict among the boys represent in Chapter 4?

**A:** The increasing chaos represents the breakdown of societal norms and the rise of primal
instincts.

1305**Q:** What is the boys’ initial reaction to the suggestion of a “beast from the air” in
Chapter 4?

**A:** The boys are skeptical at first, but fear gradually takes hold, contributing to their descent into
savagery.

1306**Q:** How does the author use the boys’ fear of the beast to comment on human psychology
in Chapter 4?

**A:** The fear of the beast becomes a powerful force, illustrating the psychological impact of
irrational fears on human behavior.

1307**Q:** What is the symbolic significance of the sow’s head on a stick in Chapter 4?

**A:** The sow’s head symbolizes the manifestation of evil and the boys’ descent into barbarism.

1308**Q:** How does Jack’s leadership style contrast with Ralph’s in Chapter 4?

**A:** Jack’s leadership style is authoritarian and focuses on immediate desires, while Ralph
emphasizes order and long-term goals.
Page 143 of 174

1309**Q:** What is the impact of the storm on the boys’ sense of security in Chapter 4?

**A:** The storm heightens the boys’ vulnerability and intensifies their fear, contributing to the
atmosphere of dread on the island.

1310**Q:** How does Chapter 4 contribute to the overarching themes of the novel?

**A:** Chapter 4 intensifies themes of fear, savagery, and the fragility of civilization, setting the stage
for further exploration of these themes in the narrative.

Chapter 5

1311**Q:** What is the title of Chapter 5?

**A:** Chapter 5 is titled “Beast from Water.”

1312**Q:** Why does Ralph call a meeting at the beginning of Chapter 5?

**A:** Ralph calls a meeting to address the boys’ neglect of responsibilities, particularly the
maintenance of the signal fire.

1313**Q:** What is the boys’ excuse for neglecting the fire in Chapter 5?

**A:** The boys claim they were too caught up in hunting and exploring to tend to the fire.

1314**Q:** How does Piggy propose to improve discipline in Chapter 5?

**A:** Piggy suggests using the conch to establish rules and order, emphasizing the need for a set
routine.

1315**Q:** Who expresses doubt about the existence of the “beast” in Chapter 5?

**A:** Simon expresses doubt, suggesting that the beast might be the boys themselves.

1316**Q:** What is the purpose of the boys’ first attempt to build a signal fire in Chapter 5?

**A:** The boys attempt to build a signal fire to attract passing ships and increase the chances of
rescue.
Page 144 of 174

1317**Q:** What significant event occurs during the boys’ attempt to build a signal fire in Chapter
5?

**A:** The fire gets out of control and spreads to the surrounding forest, causing significant
destruction.

1318**Q:** What does the fire symbolize in Chapter 5?

**A:** The fire symbolizes the boys’ connection to civilization and their hope for rescue.

1319**Q:** How does Jack react to the failure of the first attempt to build a signal fire in Chapter 5?

**A:** Jack becomes defensive and shifts the blame onto the littluns, avoiding responsibility.

1320**Q:** What role does Piggy play during the boys’ attempt to build a signal fire in Chapter 5?

**A:** Piggy offers practical suggestions and insists on maintaining the conch as a symbol of order.

1321**Q:** What conflict arises between Jack and Ralph in Chapter 5?

**A:** The conflict centers around the priorities of hunting versus the maintenance of the signal fire.

1322**Q:** How does the boys’ attitude toward the “beast” evolve in Chapter 5?

**A:** The boys’ fear of the “beast” intensifies, fueled by the realization that it may be something
within themselves.

1323**Q:** What is the significance of the dead parachutist in Chapter 5?

**A:** The dead parachutist continues to instill fear and symbolizes the presence of an external
threat.

1324**Q:** What does Simon do in the secluded spot he discovers in Chapter 5?

**A:** Simon goes into the secluded spot, a hidden clearing, to be alone and reflect on the situation.

1325**Q:** How does the author use the weather to convey the mood in Chapter 5?

**A:** The stormy weather reflects the growing tension and conflict among the boys on the island.
Page 145 of 174

1326**Q:** What is the boys’ reaction to the storm in Chapter 5?

**A:** The boys react with fear and chaos, highlighting their vulnerability and the ominous
atmosphere on the island.

1327**Q:** How does Piggy contribute to the attempt to build a signal fire in Chapter 5?

**A:** Piggy provides the idea of using his glasses to start the fire and maintains order with the conch.

1328**Q:** What does the broken signal fire symbolize in Chapter 5?

**A:** The broken signal fire symbolizes the disintegration of the boys’ connection to civilization and
the diminishing hope of rescue.

1329**Q:** Who volunteers to go back and tell Piggy about the boys’ situation in Chapter 5?

**A:** Simon volunteers to go back and tell Piggy, showcasing his sense of responsibility and
compassion.

1330**Q:** How does the author use the changing dynamics of the signal fire in Chapter 5 to
convey deeper themes?

**A:** The changing dynamics of the fire symbolize the shifting priorities and the boys’ struggle to
maintain a sense of order and civilization.

1331**Q:** What realization does Simon come to about the “beast” in Chapter 5?

**A:** Simon realizes that the “beast” might be within each boy, representing their own capacity for
darkness.

1332**Q:** How does the boys’ inability to start a fire with Piggy’s glasses contribute to the overall
tension in Chapter 5?

**A:** The inability to start a fire heightens the tension, emphasizing the boys’ vulnerability and the
diminishing chances of rescue.

1333**Q:** What does Ralph decide to do after the failed attempt to build a signal fire in Chapter 5?

**A:** Ralph decides to focus on improving the shelter and insists on keeping the signal fire burning.
Page 146 of 174

1334**Q:** How does the concept of the “beast” continue to influence the boys’ behavior in
Chapter 5?

**A:** The fear of the “beast” contributes to paranoia and irrational actions, further dividing the
group.

1335**Q:** What role does the conch play in the conflicts of Chapter 5?

**A:** The conch becomes a symbol of order, with Piggy using it to call a meeting and maintain a
sense of authority.

1336**Q:** How does the author use Piggy’s glasses as a symbol of power in Chapter 5?

**A:** Piggy’s glasses represent power, as they are essential for starting the signal fire, a symbol of
hope and rescue.

1337**Q:** What emotions are evoked by the storm in Chapter 5?

**A:** The storm evokes fear, chaos, and a sense of foreboding, mirroring the internal struggles of the
boys.

1338**Q:** What is the symbolic significance of the breaking of the conch in Chapter 5?

**A:** The breaking of the conch symbolizes the complete breakdown of order and authority among
the boys.

1339**Q:** How does the author use the characters’ reactions to the failed signal fire in Chapter 5
to explore themes of leadership?

**A:** The characters’ reactions highlight the diverging leadership styles and the struggle for power
between Ralph and Jack.

1340**Q:** What themes are further developed in Chapter 5?

**A:** Chapter 5 further develops themes of fear, the fragility of civilization, and the internal and
external conflicts faced by the boys on the island.

Chapter 6
Page 147 of 174

1341**Q:** What is the title of Chapter 6?

**A:** Chapter 6 is titled “Beast from Air.”

1342**Q:** Why does Ralph feel frustrated at the beginning of Chapter 6?

**A:** Ralph is frustrated because the boys are not focused on maintaining the signal fire.

1343**Q:** How does the idea of the “beastie” resurface in Chapter 6?

**A:** The boys, particularly the littluns, continue to express fears about the existence of the
“beastie.”

1344**Q:** What discovery does Samneric make on the mountain in Chapter 6?

**A:** Samneric discover the dead parachutist, mistaking it for the beast.

1345**Q:** How does the boys’ perception of the dead parachutist differ from reality in Chapter
6?

**A:** The boys mistake the parachutist for the beast, demonstrating the impact of fear on their
perception.

1346**Q:** What is the boys’ reaction to the discovery of the dead parachutist in Chapter 6?

**A:** The boys, particularly Jack, are both frightened and intrigued by the discovery.

1347**Q:** What does Simon do when he encounters the dead parachutist in Chapter 6?

**A:** Simon has a dialogue with the severed head, revealing his contemplative and spiritual nature.

1348**Q:** How does the author use the beast as a metaphor in Chapter 6?

**A:** The dead parachutist symbolizes the true nature of the “beast,” representing the darkness
within human beings.
Page 148 of 174

1349**Q:** What is the significance of the tide washing away the dead parachutist in Chapter 6?

**A:** The tide washing away the parachutist signifies the temporary cleansing of the island from the
immediate threat.

1350**Q:** How does Jack react to the news of the dead parachutist in Chapter 6?

**A:** Jack is fascinated and sees an opportunity to exploit the fear surrounding the “beast.”

1351**Q:** What decision does Ralph make about the signal fire in Chapter 6?

**A:** Ralph decides to move the signal fire to the beach, making it more visible and easier to
maintain.

1352**Q:** How does Piggy contribute to the decision about the signal fire in Chapter 6?

**A:** Piggy supports Ralph’s decision and emphasizes the importance of maintaining the signal fire.

1353**Q:** How does the author use the changing weather in Chapter 6 to convey the mood?

**A:** The changing weather reflects the growing tension and uncertainty among the boys.

1354**Q:** What does the author convey through the imagery of the storm in Chapter 6?

**A:** The storm symbolizes the intensification of the internal and external conflicts on the island.

1355**Q:** How does the concept of the “beast” affect the boys’ behavior in Chapter 6?

**A:** The fear of the “beast” contributes to heightened paranoia and divisions among the boys.

1356**Q:** What role does Simon play in Chapter 6?

**A:** Simon serves as a voice of reason, attempting to dispel the irrational fears about the “beast.”

1357**Q:** How does the author use the setting of the mountain in Chapter 6 to convey the boys’
evolving situation?

**A:** The mountain setting becomes a symbolic battleground, reflecting the boys’ struggles with fear
and power.
Page 149 of 174

1358**Q:** What realization does Simon have about the “beast” in Chapter 6?

**A:** Simon realizes that the true “beast” is within each boy, representing their capacity for
darkness.

1359**Q:** How does Jack use the fear of the “beast” to his advantage in Chapter 6?

**A:** Jack exploits the fear to gain support for his leadership and to justify his focus on hunting.

1360**Q:** What is the symbolic significance of the dead parachutist’s descent to the island in
Chapter 6?

**A:** The parachutist’s descent symbolizes the intrusion of external evil onto the island.

1361**Q:** How does Ralph’s leadership style contrast with Jack’s in Chapter 6?

**A:** Ralph focuses on maintaining order and the signal fire, while Jack emphasizes hunting and
exploiting fear.

1362**Q:** What is the impact of the storm on the boys’ sense of security in Chapter 6?

**A:** The storm heightens the boys’ vulnerability, contributing to their sense of insecurity.

1363**Q:** What does the conversation between Simon and the severed head (the Lord of the
Flies) reveal in Chapter 6?

**A:** The conversation reveals the deeper psychological and existential themes of the novel.

1364**Q:** How does the author use Piggy’s glasses as a symbol of power in Chapter 6?

**A:** Piggy’s glasses represent the power to start the signal fire, a symbol of hope and rescue.

1365**Q:** What is the impact of the boys mistaking the dead parachutist for the “beast” in
Chapter 6?

**A:** The mistake deepens their fear and contributes to the growing chaos and divisions among the
group.
Page 150 of 174

1366**Q:** How does the concept of the “beast” continue to influence the boys’ behavior in
Chapter 6?

**A:** The fear of the “beast” fuels paranoia and irrational actions, further dividing the group.

1367**Q:** What themes are further developed in Chapter 6?

**A:** Themes of fear, the fragility of civilization, and the internal and external conflicts among the
boys are further developed.

1368**Q:** How does the author use the dialogue between Simon and the Lord of the Flies to
explore deeper themes in Chapter 6?

**A:** The dialogue delves into the darker aspects of human nature, morality, and the struggle
between good and evil.

1369**Q:** What does the boys’ reaction to the storm reveal about their psychological state in
Chapter 6?

**A:** The boys’ fearful reaction to the storm reflects their fragile psychological state and growing
sense of helplessness.

1370**Q:** How does Chapter 6 contribute to the overarching themes of the novel?

**A:** Chapter 6 deepens the exploration of fear, the thin line between civilization and savagery, and
the internal struggles faced by the boys as they grapple with the unknown on the island.

Chapter 7

1371**Q:** What is the significance of the title “Shadows and Tall Trees”?

**A:** The title reflects the boys’ growing fear and the increasing darkness on the island.

1372**Q:** Why does Ralph feel guilty about not keeping the signal fire going?

**A:** Ralph feels responsible for the missed opportunity of being rescued when a ship passed by.
Page 151 of 174

1373**Q:** What do the boys mistake for the “beast” on the mountaintop?

**A:** They mistake a dead parachutist for the beast, creating a terrifying misconception.

1374**Q:** How does Simon react when he discovers the true identity of the “beast”?

**A:** Simon realizes the true nature of the beast, but he is killed by the frenzied boys before he can
share the revelation.

1375**Q:** Why does Jack become increasingly obsessed with hunting?

**A:** Jack sees hunting as a way to assert power and control over the others, feeding his growing
desire for dominance.

1376**Q:** What is the “Lord of the Flies,” and what does it symbolize?

**A:** The Lord of the Flies is a severed pig’s head on a stick, symbolizing the evil and darkness within
the boys.

1377**Q:** How does the weather reflect the boys’ emotional state in this chapter?

**A:** The storm on the island mirrors the growing chaos and conflict among the boys.

1378**Q:** What does Piggy represent in the group dynamics?

**A:** Piggy represents reason and intellect, often overlooked and dismissed by the more impulsive
boys.

1379**Q:** Why does Roger sharpen a stick at both ends?

**A:** Roger sharpens the stick as a weapon, foreshadowing the increasing brutality and violence on
the island.

1380**Q:** How does Ralph’s leadership style differ from Jack’s in this chapter?

**A:** Ralph focuses on maintaining the signal fire for rescue, while Jack is consumed with hunting
and asserting control, highlighting their contrasting priorities.
Page 152 of 174

1381**Q:** What is the significance of the boys’ decision to abandon the signal fire
temporarily?

**A:** The decision to abandon the fire reflects the waning importance of civilization and the growing
dominance of primal instincts.

1382**Q:** How does the shifting power dynamic between Ralph and Jack affect the group?

**A:** The power struggle leads to division and chaos among the boys, impacting their ability to work
together.

1383**Q:** Why does Simon go to the mountaintop alone?

**A:** Simon seeks solitude to contemplate and find answers about the true nature of the “beast.”

1384**Q:** How does the author use the description of the island to create a sense of foreboding?

**A:** The ominous description of the island’s landscape heightens the tension, foreshadowing darker
events to come.

1385**Q:** Why is Piggy’s glasses becoming a focal point of conflict?

**A:** The glasses are essential for maintaining the signal fire, and the struggle for control over them
symbolizes the battle between reason and chaos.

1386**Q:** What emotions does the boys’ dance represent, and how does it escalate?

**A:** The dance starts as a manifestation of primal joy but escalates into a frenzied, violent ritual,
revealing the boys’ descent into savagery.

1387**Q:** How does the boys’ fear of the “beast” contribute to the breakdown of order?

**A:** The irrational fear intensifies paranoia, eroding trust and cooperation among the boys.

1388**Q:** Why does the group dismiss Simon’s attempt to share the truth about the “beast”?

**A:** The boys are caught up in their hysteria and misconceptions, unable to accept or comprehend
the reality Simon presents.
Page 153 of 174

1389**Q:** What does the storm symbolize in the context of the story?

**A:** The storm represents the external chaos mirroring the internal turmoil within the boys’ group.

1390**Q:** How does the imagery of the “beast” change throughout the chapter?

**A:** Initially a product of their imagination, the “beast” transforms from a mere idea to a tangible,
unsettling presence as the boys confront their fears.

1391**Q:** How does Ralph attempt to maintain order during the storm?

**A:** Ralph tries to keep the boys focused on keeping the signal fire alive despite the chaos around
them.

1392**Q:** What motivates Jack to steal Piggy’s glasses?

**A:** Jack steals the glasses to start his own fire, emphasizing his desire for independence and
control.

1393**Q:** Why is Piggy’s plea for order ignored by the other boys?

**A:** The boys are consumed by fear and excitement, disregarding Piggy’s rational appeals.

1394**Q:** How does the author use the description of the sea to evoke a sense of isolation?

**A:** The vast and turbulent sea underscores the boys’ isolation and vulnerability on the
uninhabited island.

1395**Q:** What role does the conch shell play in this chapter?

**A:** The conch loses its power as a symbol of authority, signaling the breakdown of civilized order.

1396**Q:** How does the group’s reaction to the “beast” illustrate the theme of mob
mentality?

**A:** The boys’ collective fear fuels a mob mentality, leading to irrational actions and decisions.

1397**Q:** Why is Simon’s realization about the “beast” tragically timed?

Page 154 of 174

**A:** Simon’s revelation occurs in the midst of the boys’ frenzied dance, preventing him from sharing
the truth.

1398**Q:** What prompts the boys to mistake Simon for the “beast”?

**A:** In the darkness and chaos of the dance, the boys mistake Simon’s presence for that of the
imagined beast.

1399**Q:** How does the setting contribute to the eerie atmosphere on the mountaintop?

**A:** The desolate mountaintop, shrouded in darkness, intensifies the sense of fear and mystery
surrounding the “beast.”

1400**Q:** What internal conflict does Ralph grapple with in this chapter?

**A:** Ralph struggles with his responsibility as a leader, torn between the practical need for the
signal fire and the boys’ desire for hunting and adventure.

Chapter 8

1401**Q:** Why does Jack decide to form his own tribe?

**A:** Jack forms his tribe due to disagreements with Ralph’s leadership and a desire for
independence and control.

1402**Q:** What is the significance of the severed sow’s head on a stick, known as the “Lord of the
Flies”?

**A:** The “Lord of the Flies” symbolizes the embodiment of evil within the boys and the degradation
of civilization.

1403**Q:** How does the symbolism of the sow’s head change throughout the chapter?

**A:** Initially a gift for the imagined beast, it transforms into a symbol of brutality and the loss of
moral values.

1404**Q:** Why does Piggy insist on keeping the fire going, despite the challenges?
Page 155 of 174

**A:** Piggy recognizes the fire as their only chance for rescue and a connection with the outside
world.

1405**Q:** What is the boys’ reaction to the “beast” on the mountaintop this time?

**A:** Mistaking the dead parachutist for the beast, their fear intensifies, leading to further chaos.

1405**Q:** How does the author use the description of the jungle to create tension?

**A:** The dense and mysterious jungle adds an element of fear and uncertainty as the boys navigate
through it.

1406**Q:** Why does Simon have a conversation with the “Lord of the Flies”?

**A:** Simon’s conversation symbolizes his internal struggle with the darkness within himself and the
other boys.

1406**Q:** How does the conflict between Ralph and Jack escalate in this chapter?

**A:** Jack steals Piggy’s glasses, intensifying the power struggle and jeopardizing the group’s chances
of rescue.

1406**Q:** What is the boys’ reaction to Simon when he emerges from the jungle?

**A:** In a frenzied state, they mistake Simon for the beast and brutally beat him to death.

1407**Q:** How does the naval officer perceive the boys when he arrives on the island?

**A:** The naval officer sees the boys as children playing a game, unaware of the true chaos and
savagery that unfolded.

1408**Q:** What is the significance of the title “Gift for the Darkness”?

**A:** The title suggests the offering of the sow’s head as a gift to the evil within the boys and
foreshadows the growing darkness on the island.

1409**Q:** How does the boys’ behavior during the hunt reflect their descent into savagery?
Page 156 of 174

**A:** The boys become increasingly bloodthirsty and lose all sense of morality as they brutally kill
the sow.

1410**Q:** Why does Piggy believe that they must stick with the rule of the conch?

**A:** Piggy believes in the conch as a symbol of order and civilization, advocating for its authority in
maintaining control.

1411**Q:** What is the significance of the flies swarming around the sow’s head?

**A:** The flies symbolize decay and the corrupting influence of evil, emphasizing the grim reality of
the boys’ actions.

1412**Q:** How does the setting contribute to the escalating tension on the island?

**A:** The oppressive heat and dense vegetation heighten the sense of discomfort and unease,
amplifying the boys’ growing paranoia.

1413**Q:** Why does Simon retreat to his secluded spot in the jungle?

**A:** Simon seeks solace and contemplation away from the chaotic and violent behavior of the other
boys.

1414**Q:** How does Jack use fear to control his tribe?

**A:** Jack manipulates the fear of the imagined beast to strengthen his control over the boys,
exploiting their vulnerability.

1415**Q:** What is the significance of Piggy’s glasses being stolen?

**A:** The theft of Piggy’s glasses represents the loss of reason and the breakdown of the boys’ last
connection to civilization.

1416**Q:** Why does Simon ultimately confront the “Lord of the Flies”?

**A:** Simon confronts the “Lord of the Flies” in his quest for truth and understanding about the
nature of the beast and the darkness within himself.
Page 157 of 174

1417**Q:** How does the author use the naval officer’s arrival to comment on the boys’
descent into savagery?

**A:** The officer’s perception of the boys as playful children underscores the contrast between the
appearance of innocence and the reality of their savagery.

1417**Q:** What is the boys’ reaction to the arrival of the naval officer?

**A:** The boys, momentarily reverting to their civilized selves, feel shame and embarrassment in the
presence of the officer.

1418**Q:** How does the officer’s reaction to the boys’ appearance emphasize the irony of their
situation?

**A:** The officer’s perception of the boys as “little boys with no adults” highlights the tragic irony of
their descent into chaos without the guidance of adults.

1419**Q:** What does Piggy’s fate symbolize in the context of the story?

**A:** Piggy’s death represents the extinguishing of reason and intellect, leaving the boys without any
semblance of civilization.

1420**Q:** Why does the naval officer describe the boys’ behavior as “fun and games”?

**A:** The officer, unaware of the brutality and darkness that unfolded, perceives the boys’ actions as
innocent play, emphasizing the stark contrast with reality.

1421**Q:** How does the author use the naval officer’s arrival to comment on the nature of
civilization?

**A:** The officer’s presence serves as a reminder of the civilized world, contrasting sharply with the
boys’ descent into savagery.

1422**Q:** In what ways does Simon’s death contribute to the overarching themes of the
novel?

**A:** Simon’s death highlights the destructive power of fear, mob mentality, and the loss of
humanity in the pursuit of survival.
Page 158 of 174

1423**Q:** What is the significance of the boys’ inability to recognize the true source of the
“beast”?

**A:** The boys’ misinterpretation of the dead parachutist as the beast underscores their distorted
perception and the prevalence of irrational fear.

1424**Q:** How does the deterioration of the conch symbolize the breakdown of order and
civilization?

**A:** The conch, once a symbol of authority and order, is now shattered, mirroring the complete
collapse of the boys’ attempt to maintain a civilized society.

1425**Q:** What does the officer’s comment about “fun and games” reveal about the adult
perspective on the boys’ situation?

**A:** The officer’s comment highlights the disconnect between the boys’ brutal reality and the adult
world’s perception, emphasizing the loss of innocence.

1426**Q:** How does the author use irony in the officer’s statement, “I should have thought
that a pack of British boys would have been able to put up a better show than that”?

**A:** The irony lies in the officer’s expectation of a more civilized behavior from British boys,
unaware of the brutality they had succumbed to, highlighting the tragic outcome of their time on the
island.

Chapter 9

1427**Q:** How does the title “A View to a Death” foreshadow events in the chapter?

**A:** The title suggests that death will be a focal point in this chapter, hinting at the intensification of
conflict.

1428**Q:** What motivates Jack to steal Piggy’s glasses again?

**A:** Jack steals the glasses to maintain control over fire, which has become a symbol of power and
authority.

1429**Q:** Why does Ralph refuse to eat the meat provided by Jack’s tribe?

**A:** Ralph associates the meat with the violence and savagery of Jack’s tribe, refusing to partake in
their brutality.
Page 159 of 174

1430**Q:** How does the dead parachutist contribute to the boys’ fear?

**A:** The boys mistake the parachutist for the “beast,” intensifying their paranoia and fear.

1431**Q:** What prompts Sam and Eric to join Jack’s tribe?

**A:** Sam and Eric succumb to fear and Jack’s intimidation tactics, leading them to switch allegiance.

1432**Q:** How does the author use the weather to create atmosphere in this chapter?

**A:** The storm reflects the increasing tension and chaos on the island, mirroring the emotional
turmoil of the boys.

1433**Q:** What is the significance of the “Lord of the Flies” speaking to Simon in his hallucination?

**A:** The hallucination reinforces the idea that the true source of evil lies within the boys
themselves.

1434**Q:** Why does Simon confront the “Lord of the Flies” again?

**A:** Simon seeks answers and understanding, driven by a desire to confront the darkness within
himself and the others.

1435**Q:** How does the “beast” evolve in the boys’ minds in this chapter?

**A:** The boys’ perception of the “beast” transforms from a tangible threat to a more abstract and
internalized concept.

1436**Q:** How does Jack use fear to control his tribe in this chapter?

**A:** Jack exploits the boys’ fear of the imagined “beast” to solidify his leadership and maintain
control.

1437**Q:** Why does Ralph consider himself a target for the hunters?

**A:** Ralph realizes that Jack’s tribe sees him as a threat to their dominance and is therefore a target
for their aggression.
Page 160 of 174

1438**Q:** How does the boys’ behavior during the hunt reflect their descent into savagery?

**A:** The boys become increasingly aggressive and bloodthirsty, losing touch with morality and
civilization.

1439**Q:** What is the symbolic significance of Piggy’s glasses at this point in the story?

**A:** Piggy’s glasses represent the last remnants of civilization and reason, now fully under Jack’s
control.

1440**Q:** How does the rift between Ralph and Jack deepen in this chapter?

**A:** The theft of Piggy’s glasses deepens the division, highlighting the irreconcilable differences in
their leadership styles.

1441**Q:** Why does Ralph refuse to blow the conch during the confrontation with Jack?

**A:** Ralph recognizes that the conch’s symbolic power has eroded, and blowing it won’t restore
order or reason.

1442**Q:** How does the dead parachutist contribute to the boys’ fear?

**A:** The boys mistake the parachutist for the “beast,” intensifying their paranoia and fear.

1443**Q:** What prompts Sam and Eric to join Jack’s tribe?

**A:** Sam and Eric succumb to fear and Jack’s intimidation tactics, leading them to switch allegiance.

1444**Q:** How does the author use the weather to create atmosphere in this chapter?

**A:** The storm reflects the increasing tension and chaos on the island, mirroring the emotional
turmoil of the boys.

1445**Q:** What is the significance of the “Lord of the Flies” speaking to Simon in his hallucination?

**A:** The hallucination reinforces the idea that the true source of evil lies within the boys
themselves.

1446**Q:** Why does Simon confront the “Lord of the Flies” again?
Page 161 of 174

**A:** Simon seeks answers and understanding, driven by a desire to confront the darkness within
himself and the others.

1447**Q:** How does the “beast” evolve in the boys’ minds in this chapter?

**A:** The boys’ perception of the “beast” transforms from a tangible threat to a more abstract and
internalized concept.

1448**Q:** How does Jack use fear to control his tribe in this chapter?

**A:** Jack exploits the boys’ fear of the imagined “beast” to solidify his leadership and maintain
control.

1449**Q:** Why does Ralph consider himself a target for the hunters?

**A:** Ralph realizes that Jack’s tribe sees him as a threat to their dominance and is therefore a target
for their aggression.

1450**Q:** How does the boys’ behavior during the hunt reflect their descent into savagery?

**A:** The boys become increasingly aggressive and bloodthirsty, losing touch with morality and
civilization.

1451**Q:** What is the symbolic significance of Piggy’s glasses at this point in the story?

**A:** Piggy’s glasses represent the last remnants of civilization and reason, now fully under Jack’s
control.

1452**Q:** How does the rift between Ralph and Jack deepen in this chapter?

**A:** The theft of Piggy’s glasses deepens the division, highlighting the irreconcilable differences in
their leadership styles.

1453**Q:** Why does Ralph refuse to blow the conch during the confrontation with Jack?

**A:** Ralph recognizes that the conch’s symbolic power has eroded, and blowing it won’t restore
order or reason.

1454**Q:** How does the dead parachutist contribute to the boys’ fear?
Page 162 of 174

**A:** The boys mistake the parachutist for the “beast,” intensifying their paranoia and fear.

1455**Q:** What prompts Sam and Eric to join Jack’s tribe?

**A:** Sam and Eric succumb to fear and Jack’s intimidation tactics, leading them to switch allegiance.

1456**Q:** How does the author use the weather to create atmosphere in this chapter?

**A:** The storm reflects the increasing tension and chaos on the island, mirroring the emotional
turmoil of the boys.

Chapter 10

1457**Q:** What is the significance of the title “The Shell and the Glasses”?

**A:** The title emphasizes the importance of the conch shell and Piggy’s glasses, both symbols of
order and reason.

1458**Q:** Why does Piggy urge Ralph to blow the conch when they encounter the naval officer?

**A:** Piggy instinctively relies on the conch as a symbol of authority, despite its waning power.

1459**Q:** How does Ralph’s realization about the loss of civilization impact him?

**A:** Ralph is devastated as he recognizes the irreversible breakdown of civilized order among the
boys.

1460**Q:** Why does Jack insist on keeping the fire burning on the mountain?

**A:** Jack uses the fire as a means of signaling his presence and asserting dominance over Ralph’s
group.

1461**Q:** How does the boys’ treatment of Piggy reflect the erosion of morality?

**A:** The boys’ disregard for Piggy’s input and their mistreatment of him signify the decline of moral
values.

1462**Q:** Why does Piggy argue against the belief in a “beast from the air”?
Page 163 of 174

**A:** Piggy uses reason to counter the boys’ irrational fear, emphasizing the lack of evidence for such
a creature.

1463**Q:** What role does the naval officer play in the boys’ realization of their actions?

**A:** The officer’s arrival prompts the boys to confront the reality of their descent into savagery and
violence.

1464**Q:** How does the author use the boys’ appearance to highlight their transformation?

**A:** The boys’ disheveled and savage appearance underscores their departure from the appearance
of civilization.

1465**Q:** Why does Ralph openly weep at the end of the chapter?

**A:** Ralph weeps as he comprehends the magnitude of their situation and the loss of innocence
among the boys.

1466**Q:** How does Piggy’s attempt to reason with Jack’s tribe end?

**A:** Piggy’s attempt results in Roger releasing a boulder, which kills Piggy and shatters the conch,
symbolizing the complete breakdown of order.

1467**Q:** How does the destruction of the conch symbolize the end of civilization on the island?

**A:** The conch, a symbol of authority and order, is destroyed, signaling the complete collapse of
the boys’ attempts at maintaining a civilized society.

1468**Q:** Why does Ralph participate in Simon’s murder, and how does it haunt him?

**A:** Ralph is caught in the frenzy of the dance and is unable to resist the collective violence. The
memory haunts him as he grapples with his loss of innocence.

1469**Q:** What is the significance of the “Lord of the Flies” in Simon’s hallucination?

**A:** The “Lord of the Flies” represents the inherent evil within the boys, foreshadowing the
darkness that will prevail.

1470**Q:** How does Jack’s tribe react to the news of the “beast”?
Page 164 of 174

**A:** Jack’s tribe, fueled by fear, becomes more frenzied and aggressive, leading to further descent
into savagery.

1471**Q:** Why does Ralph refuse to believe in the existence of the “beast from the air”?

**A:** Ralph relies on reason and refuses to succumb to irrational fear, emphasizing the importance
of evidence and critical thinking.

1472**Q:** How does the naval officer’s perception of the boys differ from the reality?

**A:** The officer sees the boys as British and well-behaved, unaware of the brutality and chaos that
unfolded during their time on the island.

1473**Q:** What is the boys’ initial reaction to the naval officer’s arrival?

**A:** The boys initially respond with excitement and relief, seeing the officer as a symbol of rescue
and a return to civilization.

1474**Q:** How does the author use the stormy weather to create tension in this chapter?

**A:** The stormy weather mirrors the emotional turmoil among the boys, adding intensity and
foreboding to the narrative.

1475**Q:** What is the symbolic significance of the fire on the mountain at the end of the chapter?

**A:** The fire, once a symbol of hope for rescue, is now an uncontrollable force, representing the
destructive power that has taken hold on the island.

1476**Q:** How does Piggy’s death mark a turning point in the boys’ behavior?

**A:** Piggy’s death symbolizes the complete collapse of reason and morality, pushing the boys
further into savagery.

1477**Q:** How does Jack use fear as a tool of control in this chapter?

**A:** Jack exploits the boys’ fear of the “beast” to tighten his grip on power, using it as a means of
manipulation.

1478**Q:** Why does Ralph become increasingly isolated from the rest of the boys?
Page 165 of 174

**A:** Ralph’s commitment to reason and morality sets him apart from the increasingly savage and
violent actions of the others.

1479**Q:** How does the naval officer’s attitude highlight the theme of appearance versus reality?

**A:** The officer sees the boys’ appearance as neat and orderly, oblivious to the reality of their
descent into savagery and violence.

1480**Q:** What is the significance of the “beast from the air” as a concept in this chapter?

**A:** The concept reflects the boys’ growing irrational fear and paranoia, contributing to the
breakdown of their society.

1481**Q:** How does the changing perception of the “beast” reflect the boys’ psychological state?

**A:** The evolving perception of the “beast” mirrors the boys’ descent into primal instincts and the
distortion of reality.

1482**Q:** How does Ralph’s leadership style contrast with Jack’s during the confrontation?

**A:** Ralph relies on reason and dialogue, while Jack uses intimidation and force, highlighting their
opposing approaches to leadership.

1483**Q:** What is the symbolic significance of the conch in the confrontation between Ralph and
Jack?

**A:** The conch, once a symbol of order, is ignored and shattered, symbolizing the complete
breakdown of civilized authority.

1484**Q:** How does the author use the setting to evoke a sense of chaos in this chapter?

**A:** The dark and chaotic setting of the jungle intensifies the atmosphere, reflecting the growing
disorder and violence among the boys.

1485**Q:** Why does Roger release the boulder that kills Piggy?

**A:** Roger, driven by savagery and a desire for power, releases the boulder as an act of deliberate
violence, marking a pivotal moment in the story.
Page 166 of 174

1486**Q:** How does the loss of Piggy and the destruction of the conch symbolize the end of order
and reason on the island?

**A:** Piggy’s death and the destruction of the conch represent the final collapse of order and
reason, leaving the boys fully immersed in savagery.

Chapter 11

1487**Q:** What is the symbolic significance of the title “Castle Rock”?

**A:** “Castle Rock” represents the fortress-like, isolated place where Jack establishes his tribe’s
stronghold.

1488**Q:** Why does Piggy advocate for a rational approach when discussing the actions of
Jack’s tribe?

**A:** Piggy emphasizes the importance of reason and dialogue, attempting to maintain a semblance
of civilized discourse.

1489**Q:** How does Jack manipulate the boys’ fear of the “beast” to assert control?

**A:** Jack uses the fear of the “beast” to maintain dominance, exploiting the boys’ vulnerability to
solidify his authority.

1490**Q:** What role does the naval officer play in exposing the boys’ descent into savagery?

**A:** The officer’s presence serves as a stark contrast to the boys’ appearance, revealing the
incongruity between their appearance and their behavior.

1491**Q:** How does the loss of Piggy’s glasses impact the group dynamics?

**A:** The loss of Piggy’s glasses signifies the further erosion of reason and the group’s reliance on
primal instincts.

1492**Q:** What does Roger’s sharpened stick represent in terms of the boys’ increasing
brutality?

**A:** Roger’s sharpened stick symbolizes the escalating violence and willingness to inflict harm within
the group.

1493**Q:** Why does Ralph appeal to Sam and Eric for support during the confrontation with Jack?
Page 167 of 174

**A:** Ralph seeks allies among the group, recognizing the need for unity against Jack’s growing
aggression.

1494**Q:** How does the author use the setting of Castle Rock to create tension?

**A:** The isolated and foreboding atmosphere of Castle Rock intensifies the conflict and contributes
to the growing sense of dread.

1495**Q:** What prompts the boys to roll a boulder off the ledge toward Ralph?

**A:** The boys, under Jack’s influence, resort to violence as a means of silencing Ralph and asserting
their dominance.

1496**Q:** How does Piggy’s death symbolize the complete loss of reason and morality on the
island?

**A:** Piggy’s death marks the extinguishing of reason, leaving the boys without a voice of intellect
and highlighting their descent into savagery.

1497**Q:** How does the reaction to the naval officer’s presence reveal the boys’ disconnect
from reality?

**A:** The boys, momentarily reverting to a semblance of civilization, pretend to be well-behaved,

masking the true extent of their savagery.

1498**Q:** Why does Roger release the boulder with lethal intent this time?

**A:** Roger, unrestrained by societal norms, intentionally releases the boulder, showing the extent
of the boys’ descent into barbarity.

1499**Q:** What is the significance of the dead parachutist still being present on the mountain?

**A:** The presence of the dead parachutist serves as a persistent reminder of the boys’ irrational
fear and the distortion of reality.

1500**Q:** How does Jack’s decision to steal Piggy’s glasses lead to a final break from civilization?

**A:** Jack’s theft of the glasses solidifies his tribe’s rejection of reason and civilization, emphasizing
their complete embrace of primal instincts.
Page 168 of 174

1501**Q:** Why does Ralph initially resist the idea of joining Jack’s tribe?

**A:** Ralph clings to the hope of maintaining reason and order, resisting the descent into savagery
represented by Jack’s tribe.

1502**Q:** What is the significance of the boys’ dancing and chanting at Castle Rock?

**A:** The ritualistic dancing and chanting represent the culmination of the boys’ descent into a
primal, savage state.

1503**Q:** How does the author use the description of the boys’ appearance to highlight their
transformation?

**A:** The boys’ wild and painted appearance underscores their departure from the civilized image
they had at the beginning of the story.

1504**Q:** What prompts Piggy to confront Jack’s tribe at Castle Rock?

**A:** Piggy, driven by a commitment to reason, confronts Jack’s tribe in an attempt to restore order
and prevent further violence.

1405**Q:** How does the loss of the conch symbolize the final collapse of civilization?

**A:** The destruction of the conch, once a symbol of authority, marks the irreversible breakdown of
civilized order among the boys.

1506**Q:** Why does Roger’s sharpened stick serve as a manifestation of the boys’ descent into
barbarity?

**A:** Roger’s weapon symbolizes the boys’ willingness to inflict harm, showcasing their
abandonment of moral values.

1507**Q:** How does the author use the stormy weather during the confrontation to enhance the
atmosphere?

**A:** The stormy weather heightens the tension, mirroring the emotional turmoil and chaos during
the confrontation at Castle Rock.
Page 169 of 174

1508**Q:** Why does Jack dismiss the idea of rescue when the naval officer arrives?

**A:** Jack, consumed by his desire for dominance, dismisses rescue as irrelevant, emphasizing his
rejection of the outside world.

1509**Q:** What does the “Lord of the Flies” symbolize during Simon’s hallucination at Castle
Rock?

**A:** The “Lord of the Flies” represents the manifestation of evil within the boys, foreshadowing the
darkness that prevails.

1510**Q:** How does the boys’ behavior toward Piggy at Castle Rock reflect their complete
abandonment of morality?

**A:** The boys’ brutal treatment of Piggy signifies their moral degradation and the triumph of their
primal instincts.

1511**Q:** What prompts Ralph to assert that “they’re not as bad as that” in reference to the
boys?

**A:** Despite the boys’ descent into savagery, Ralph clings to the belief that they are not inherently
evil, highlighting his struggle to Reconcile their actions.

1512**Q:** Why does Jack’s tribe use the excuse of hunting for not keeping the signal fire going?

**A:** Jack’s tribe prioritizes hunting over the signal fire, emphasizing their shift in focus from rescue
to the pursuit of primal desires.

1513**Q:** How does the boys’ response to the naval officer reveal the irony of their situation?

**A:** The boys’ formal response to the officer contrasts sharply with their savage behavior,
highlighting the irony of their appearance versus reality.

1514**Q:** What is the significance of Sam and Eric joining Jack’s tribe at Castle Rock?

**A:** Sam and Eric’s defection symbolizes the complete rupture of the group and the triumph of
Jack’s authoritarian rule.

1515**Q:** How does Ralph’s realization about the loss of civilization impact his character?
Page 170 of 174

**A:** Ralph’s realization deepens his sense of despair, as he comprehends the irreparable damage to
the ideals of civilization and order.

1516**Q:** What does the reaction to the naval officer’s presence reveal about the boys’ capacity
for self-deception?

**A:** The boys’ attempt to appear well-behaved masks the reality of their descent into savagery,
highlighting their capacity for self-deception.

Chapter 12

1517**Q:** What does the title “Cry of the Hunters” foreshadow?

**A:** The title foreshadows the violent and chaotic events that will unfold in the chapter.

1518**Q:** How does the author use the fire on the mountain to create tension?

**A:** The fire symbolizes the boys’ loss of control and the destructive force that has taken hold.

1519**Q:** Why does Ralph decide to go to Castle Rock alone?

**A:** Ralph believes that he has a better chance of reasoning with Jack alone, hoping to avoid further
bloodshed.

1519**Q:** What does the “beast” symbolize during the confrontation between Ralph and Jack?

**A:** The “beast” represents the primal and savage instincts that have taken over the boys.

1520**Q:** Why does Roger sharpen a stick at both ends?

**A:** Sharpening the stick at both ends symbolizes Roger’s complete abandonment of moral restraint
and his willingness to inflict harm.

1521**Q:** How does the conch play a role in the final confrontation?

**A:** The conch, once a symbol of authority, is shattered, marking the end of any remnants of
civilized order.
Page 171 of 174

1522**Q:** What is the significance of Sam and Eric being forced to join the hunt for Ralph?

**A:** Sam and Eric’s forced participation reflects the complete submission to Jack’s authority and the
loss of individual autonomy.

1523**Q:** How does the author use the stormy weather during the confrontation to enhance the
atmosphere?

**A:** The storm mirrors the emotional turmoil and chaos, intensifying the climactic confrontation.

1524**Q:** Why does Ralph clutch the conch when facing Jack’s tribe?

**A:** Ralph clings to the conch as a futile symbol of authority and order, highlighting the loss of its
power.

1425**Q:** What prompts the naval officer to rescue the boys?

**A:** The officer stumbles upon the chaotic scene and realizes the severity of the situation, leading
him to intervene.

1426**Q:** How does the arrival of the naval officer impact the boys’ behavior?

**A:** The boys revert to a semblance of civilized behavior in the presence of authority, masking the
true extent of their savagery.

1427**Q:** What is the boys’ initial reaction to the naval officer’s arrival?

**A:** The boys react with a mixture of surprise, relief, and embarrassment, momentarily returning to
a semblance of order.

1428**Q:** Why does Ralph break down in tears after being rescued?

**A:** Ralph weeps as he confronts the trauma and loss of innocence experienced during their time
on the island.

1429**Q:** How does the naval officer perceive the boys’ situation?

**A:** The officer sees the boys’ behavior as a result of a “jolly good show,” unaware of the true
darkness and violence that transpired.
Page 172 of 174

1430**Q:** What is the significance of the boys’ final realization about their actions?

**A:** The boys recognize the magnitude of their descent into savagery and the irreversible loss of
their innocence.

1431**Q:** Why does Golding use the phrase “a little boy who wore the remains of an
extraordinary black cap” to describe the naval officer?

**A:** The phrase highlights the officer’s ignorance and failure to comprehend the depth of the boys’
ordeal.

1432**Q:** How does the final scene with the naval officer comment on the nature of civilization?

**A:** The officer’s ignorance and casual response underscore the fragile and often superficial nature
of civilization.

1433**Q:** Why does Golding choose to end the novel with the officer’s perspective rather than
the boys’ perspective?

**A:** Ending with the officer’s perspective emphasizes the stark contrast between the boys’ reality
and the external, seemingly civilized world.

1435**Q:** What does the closing image of the naval officer’s cruiser symbolize?

**A:** The cruiser symbolizes the return to a structured and orderly society, contrasting sharply with
the chaos of the island.

1436**Q:** How does Golding use the boys’ appearance to comment on their transformation?

**A:** The boys’ appearance, described as “uniformed in school sweaters and flannels,” highlights the
disparity between their outer appearance and inner savagery.

1437**Q:** What is the significance of Piggy’s absence during the final scene with the naval officer?

**A:** Piggy’s absence symbolizes the irrevocable loss of reason and intellect, leaving the boys
without a voice of sanity.
Page 173 of 174

1438**Q:** How does the officer’s compliment, “I should have thought that a pack of British
boys…,” add to the novel’s irony?

**A:** The compliment emphasizes the irony of the boys’ descent into savagery, challenging the
notion of inherent British civility.

1439**Q:** What does the phrase “grown-ups look after you” reveal about the boys’ experience?

**A:** The phrase highlights the boys’ yearning for adult guidance and protection, emphasizing their
vulnerability.

1440**Q:** Why does Ralph hesitate before revealing the full extent of their actions to the
officer?

**A:** Ralph is reluctant to acknowledge the brutality and savagery, indicating a lingering sense of
shame and denial.

1441**Q:** How does the boys’ return to civilization challenge the notion of rescue as a panacea?

**A:** The return to civilization is bittersweet, as the boys are saved physically but carry the scars of
their psychological ordeal.

1442**Q:** Why does the officer ask, “Who’s boss here?”

**A:** The question underscores the breakdown of leadership and authority on the island, revealing
the boys’ inability to govern themselves.

1443**Q:** How does Golding use the term “officer” to comment on authority and order?

**A:** The term “officer” symbolizes the embodiment of external authority, contrasting with the boys’
failed attempts at self-governance.

1444**Q:** Why does the naval officer dismiss the boys’ misbehavior as “fun and games”?

**A:** The officer dismisses the boys’ actions to maintain the illusion of civility, avoiding the
uncomfortable reality of their brutality.

1445**Q:** What prompts Ralph to weep at the end of the novel?

Page 174 of 174

**A:** Ralph weeps as he grapples with the trauma and loss of innocence, facing the harsh reality of
their time on the island.

1446**Q:** How does the final image of the cruiser leaving the island contribute to the novel’s
themes?

**A:** The cruiser leaving symbolizes the boys’ return to the adult world, leaving behind the primal,
lawless realm of the island.

1447**Q:** What does the phrase “an officer in the Royal Navy” emphasize about the naval
officer?

**A:** The phrase emphasizes the officer’s authority and connection to a structured, hierarchical
society, contrasting sharply with the boys’ disintegration.

1448**Q:** How does Golding use the phrase “uniformed in their innocence” ironically?

**A:** The phrase highlights the irony of the boys’ initial appearance, masking the darkness and
brutality that emerges During their time on the island.

1449**Q:** Why does the naval officer refer to the boys as “littleuns”?

**A:** The term “littleuns” reflects the officer’s paternalistic view, underestimating the gravity of the
boys’ experiences.

1450**Q:** How does the final scene with the naval officer contribute to the novel’s exploration of
human nature?

**A:** The scene highlights the tension between external appearances and internal reality,
underscoring the capacity for savagery within even seemingly civilized individuals.