UTS BAHASA INGGRIS UNTUK FISIKA

DOSEN : Muhammad Kadri, S.Si., M.Sc., Ph.D

Nama :
Nim :
Kelas :

Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei was born on 15 February 1564 near Pisa, the son of a musician. He
began to study medicine at the University of Pisa but changed to philosophy and
mathematics. In 1589, he became professor of mathematics at Pisa. In 1592, he moved to
become mathematics professor at the University of Padua, a position he held until 1610.
During this time he worked on a variety of experiments, including the speed at which
different objects fall, mechanics and pendulums.

In 1609, Galileo heard about the invention of the telescope in Holland. Without
having seen an example, he constructed a superior version and made many astronomical
discoveries. These included mountains and valleys on the surface of the moon, sunspots, the
four largest moons of the planet Jupiter and the phases of the planet Venus. His work on
astronomy made him famous and he was appointed court mathematician in Florence.

In 1614, Galileo was accused of heresy for his support of the Copernican theory that
the sun was at the centre of the solar system. This was revolutionary at a time when most
people believed the Earth was in this central position. In 1616, he was forbidden by the
church from teaching or advocating these theories.

In 1632, he was again condemned for heresy after his book 'Dialogue Concerning the
Two Chief World Systems' was published. This set out the arguments for and against the
Copernican theory in the form of a discussion between two men. Galileo was summoned to
appear before the Inquisition in Rome. He was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment,
later reduced to permanent house arrest at his villa in Arcetri, south of Florence. He was also
forced to publicly withdraw his support for Copernican theory.

Although he was now going blind he continued to write. In 1638, his 'Discourses
Concerning Two New Sciences' was published with Galileo's ideas on the laws of motion and
the principles of mechanics. Galileo died in Arcetri on 8 January 1642.
Answer these question

1. What can we learn from the story?

2. Mention the Noun and verb from the paraghraph above.
3. What is the law base on Galileo discovery?
4. What is another name for the first law of motion? Why is it given that name?

Answer the Multiple Choice Questions below.

1. Moment of inertia, of a spinning body about an axis, doesn’t depend on which of the
following factors?
a) Distribution of mass around axis
b) Orientation of axis
c) Mass
d) Angular velocity
2. Two cylinders have the same mass and radius. One is hollow and the other is solid.
Which one will have the greater moment of inertia about the central axis?
a) Hollow cylinder
b) Solid cylinder
c) Same for both
d) Depends on length of cylinder
3. A solid disc has a mass of 10kg and radius 1m. Find its radius of gyration.
a) 1.414m
b) 0.707m
c) 1m
d) 1.732
4.
What is the moment of inertia of a rod about an axis passing through the centre and
perpendicular to its central axis? Given that mass of rod is 1kg, length = 10cm.
a) 0.00083kgm2
b) 0.0833kgm2
c) 0.0033kgm2
d) 0.00033kgm2
5. The moment of inertia of a solid sphere is 10kgm2. What will be the moment of inertia
of a very thin spherical shell of the same mass and radius as that of the solid sphere?
a) 16.67kgm2
b) 6kgm2
c) 10kgm2
d) 20kgm2
6. What is the ratio of moment of inertia of a ring to a disc? Given that both have masses
in the ratio 2:1 & radii in the ratio 1:2 respectively.
a) 1:1
b) 2:1
c) 1:2
d) 1:4