KHK D

Q@LCHEPBPHL

H. Bhth
Bhthrr K`b
K`bhi
hihl
hlgg
Mhbhl hchbhe prhshrhlh
prhshrhlh trhlspfrthsd
trhlspfrthsd chrht yhlg n`bdputd
n`bdputd s`ghbh
khgdhl mhbhl, t`rnhsui khlgulhl p`b`lgihp chl p`rb`lgihphllyh yhlg
cdp`rultuiihl khgd bhbu bdlths. _`mhrhe p`ri`nkhlghl mhbhl rhyh yhlg phch
nubhly
nubhlyhh chrd
chrd k`ruph
k`ruph k`ihs m`m
m`mhi
hi k`rukh
k`rukhe
e n`lmhc
n`lmhcdd mhb
mhbhl
hl rhyh
rhyh nfc`rl
nfc`rl..
Mhbhl cdkuht ihr`lh nhlusdh
nhlusdh p`rbu k`rg`rhi
k`rg`rhi chl k`rpdlche-p
k`rpdlche-pdlche
dlche chrd
suhtu t`npht i`t`npht bhdl ultui n`np`rthehlihl i`bhlgsulghl
edcuplyh. M`mhi mhbhl t`rs`kut k`rjulgsd s`kghd p`lultul hrhe chl
n`lmhcdihl
n`lmhcdihl m`mhi mhbhl s`nhidl n`b`khr
n`b`khr cdihr`lhih
cdihr`lhihl
l s`rdlg k`rpdlche-
k`rpdlche-
pdlchelyh n`r`ih. I`nucdhl iurhlg b`kde 0111 theul yhlg bhbu, nhlusdh

edcup k`ri`bfnpfi, ultui i`p`rbuhl tuihr n`luihr khrhlg pfifi n`r`ih

nubhd n`lggulhih
n`lggulhihl
l mhbur mhbhl s`ohrh t`thp yhlg k`rjulgsd
k`rjulgsd s`khghd mhbhl
prhshrhlh sfsdhb chl `iflfnd.
Mhbhl suche hch s`mhi nhlusdh n`n`rbuihl hr`h ultui k`rmhbhl
chbhn n`n`lued s`ghbh i`p`ltdlgh
i`p`ltdlghllyh
llyh (`iflfnd, sfsdhb, pfbdtdi,
pfbdtdi, chl
Kuchyh
Kuchyh),
), t`rb`k
t`rb`kde
de s`t`bhe
s`t`bhe n`l`nu
n`l`nuihl
ihl i`lchr
i`lchrhhl
hhl k`rfch
k`rfch cd hlthrhl
hlthrhlyh
yh
k`ruph i`r`th yhlg cdthrdi iuch. Sdchi m`bhs cdihthihl khewh p`rhchkhl
nhlh yhlg b`kde cheubu n`nkuht mhbhl rhyh. Hihl t`thpd ehnpdr s`nuh
p`rhchkhl tdchi t`rb`phs chrd i`k`rhchhl mhbhl t`rs`kut. Qhch chshrlyh

p`nkhlgulhl mhbhl rhyh hchbhe prfs`s p`nkuihhl ruhlghl bhbu bdlths

yhlg n`lghthsd p`bkhghd rdlthlghl g`fgrhjd. Qrfs`s dld n`bdkhtihl
p`lghbdehl nuih kund, p`nkhlgulhl m`nkhthl chl t`rfwflg, kheihl
mugh p`lghbdehl tunkue-tunkuehl. (Dld nulgidl n`bdkhtihl p`l`khshl
euthl)
euthl).. K`rkhg
K`rkhghd
hd m`lds
m`lds n`sdl
n`sdl p`nkhl
p`nkhlgul
gul mhb
mhbhl
hl hihl
hihl cdgulh
cdgulhihl
ihl ultui
ultui
prfs`s dld. Mhbhl rhyh dhbhe mhbur-mhbur cdhths p`rnuihhl kund yhlg s`lghmh
cdkuht
cdkuht fb`e nhlusdh c`lghl
c`lghl uiurhl,
uiurhl, iflstruisd
iflstruisd chl k`ltui t`rt`ltu
s`edlggh chpht cdphihd s`khghd mhbur bhbubdlths frhlg, e`whl chl
i`lchrhhl. Fb`e ihr`lh dtu, chbhn nhihbhe dld hihl cdkhehs b`kde

n`lchbhn n`lg`lhd s`mhrhe mhbhl rhyh khdi cd culdh nhupul cd Dlcfl`sdh.

8
 ;

K. Sumuhl
8. Nhnpu
Nhnpu n`lg
n`lg`th
`theu
eudd s`mhrh
s`mhrhe
e mh
mhbh
bhl
l rh
rhyh
yh kh
khdi
di cd cu
culd
ldhh nhup
nhupul
ul cd
Dlcfl`sdh

;. Nhnpu n`lg`theud
n`lg`theud chl n`nhehnd p`lg`rtdhl
p`lg`rtdhl s`rth odrd-odrd mhbhl rhyh
?. Nhnpu n`lg`theud
n`lg`theud p`rhlhl, sdst`n chl julgsd mhbhl rhyh

O. Nhljhh
ljhhtt
8. Chpht n`lg`theud
n`lg`theud s`mhrhe mhbhl rhyh khdi cd culdh nhupul cd
Dlcfl`sdh
;. Chpht n`lg`theud
n`lg`theud chl n`nhehnd p`lg`rtdhl
p`lg`rtdhl s`rth odrd-odrd mhbhl rhyh
?. Chpht n`lg`the
n`lg`theud
ud p`rhlhl,
p`rhlhl, sdst`n
sdst`n chl julgsd
julgsd mhbhl
mhbhl rhyh
 KHK DD
Q@NKHEH_HL

H. _`mhrh
_`mhrhe
e Mhbh
Mhbhl
l [hyh
[hyh
8. _`mhrhe Pnun Mhbhl [hyh

Ghnkhr 8. Mhbhl [hyh Cubu

Mhbhl rhyh suche hch s`mhi nhlusdh n`n`rbuihl hr`h ultui
k`rmhbhl t`rb`kde-b`kde s`t`bhe n`l`nuihl i`lchrhhl k`rfch cd
hlthrhl
hlthrhlyh
yh k`ruph
k`ruph i`r`th
i`r`th yhlg
yhlg cdthrd
cdthrdi
i iuch.
iuch. Sdchi
Sdchi m`bhs
m`bhs cdihth
cdihthihl
ihl
khewh p`rhchkhl nhlh yhlg b`kde cheubu n`nkuht mhbhl rhyh. Hihl
t`thpd ehnpdr s`nuh p`rhchkhl tdchi t`rb`phs chrd i`k`rhchhl mhbhl
rhyh t`rs`kut. _hbhe shtu sunk`r n`lghthihl khewh mhbhl rhyh nuloub
phch ?111 _N. Mhbhl t`rs`kut nhsde k`ruph mhbhl s`thphi c`lghl
ifltruisd
ifltruisd s`suhd c`lghl
c`lghl i`lchrhhl
i`lchrhhl k`rfch
k`rfch phchilyh
phchilyh cdcugh
cdcugh hlthrh
nhsh dtu. B`thilyh cdcugh hlthrh Q`gululghl Ihuihsus chl S`bui
Q`rsdh.
h. Mhbhl rhyh N`sfpfthndh-N
N`sfpfthndh-N`sdr
`sdr
_`drdlg p`ri`nkhlghl p`rhchkhl cd Sdnur t`lghe phch nhsh ?111
_N, nhih cdkhlgulbhe mhbhl rhyh yhlg n`lgeukulgihl
N`sfpfthndh--N`sdr. _`bhdl ultui p`rchghlghl, mhbhl t`rs`kut
N`sfpfthndh
k`rgulh ultui i`kuchyhhl kheihl ultui p`p`rhlghl. Mhbhl uthnh
p`rthnh cd ihwhshl dtu, cds`kut-s`kut hchbhe Mhbhl Khlgshwhl
Q`rsdh yhlg t`r`lthlg chrd S`bui Q`rsdh edlggh Bhut H`g`h
s`phlmhlg ;507 in. Mhbhl dld k`rthehl chrd theul ?011-?11 _N.

?
 3

k. Mhbhl rhyh cd @rfph chl Oedlh

Cd @rfph,
@rfph, mhb
mhbhl
hl t`rtuh
t`rtuh cds`ku
cds`kut-s`
t-s`kut
kut hchbhe
hchbhe Mhbur
Mhbur Iuldlg
Iuldlg yhlg
yhlg
k`rhwhb chrd Tulhld chl Susohly edlggh Bhut Khbtdi. Cd Hsdh

tdnur, khlgsh Odlh n`nkhlgul mhbhl yhlg n`lgeukulgihl ifth-

ifth uthnhlyh yhlg kdbh cdghkulg n`lohphd ?;11 in.
o. Mhbhl
Mhbhl [fnhwd
[fnhwd
"Khlyhi mhbhl n`lumu [fnh" k`gdtubhe dstdbhe yhlg unun cdi`lhb
n`lg`lhd mhbhl-mhbhl [fnhwd. Dstdbhe t`rs`kut tdchibhe i`bdru
ihr`lh
ihr`lh khlgsh
khlgsh [fnhwd khlyhi
khlyhi n`nkhlgu
n`nkhlgul
l mhbhl.
mhbhl. Cd pulohi
pulohi
i`mhyhhllyh , khlgsh [fnhwd n`nkhlgul mhbhl s`phlmhlg
50.111 in yhlg t`rk`lthlg chrd Dlggrds edlggh Hjrdih Pthrh,
Pthrh, chrd
phlthd _hnuc`rh
_hnuc`rh Htbhltdi
Htbhltdi cd _`n`lhlmul
_`n`lhlmulg
g Dk`rdh edlggh S`bui

Q`rsdh. I`k`rhc
Q`rsdh. I`k`rhchhl
hhl mhb
mhbhl
hl t`rs`ku
t`rs`kutt cdhkhc
cdhkhcdih
dihl
l chbhn
chbhn p`th
p`th yhlg
yhlg
cdi`lhb s`khghd Q`th Q`utdlg`r.
c. Q`nkhlgulhl Mhbhl Ch`lc`bs cd Qhlturh Qubhu
Qubhu Mhwh
E`rnhl
E`rnhl Wdbb`n
Wdbb`n Ch`lc`bs hchbhe
hchbhe s`frhlg
s`frhlg Guk`rlur-M`lcrhb
Edlcdh K`bhlch yhlg i`-?:. Dh n`n`rdlthe
n`n`rdlthe hlthrh theul 8515 ‟
8588.. Qhch nhsh dtu K`bhlch s`chlg cdiuhshd fb`e Q`rhlods.
8588 Q`rhlods. Qhch
nhsh mhkhthllyh dh n`nkhlgul mhbhl rhyh phch theul 8515 chrd
Hly`r edlggh Qhlhruihl.
Qhlhruihl. _`khgdhl chrd mhbhl dld s`ihrhlg n`lmhcd
Mhbur
Mhbur Qhlturh (Qhlthd Pthrh) yhlg n`nk`lthlg s`phlmhlg phlthd

uthr
uthrhh Qubhu Mhwh.
Mhwh. Q`nkhlgulhl mhbhl dld hchbhe prfy`i
nflun`lthb lhnul cdkhyhr c`lghl khlyhi p`bhlgghrhl ehi-ehi
hshsdd nhlusd
hshs nhlusdhh ihr`lh
ihr`lh cdi`rm
cdi`rmhih
hihl
l s`ohrh
s`ohrh phish
phish thlph
thlph dnkhbh
dnkhbhl
l
phlths.
Nhljhht yhlg cdp`rfb`e chrd mhbhl dld hchbhe s`khghd mhbhl
p`rthehlhl ndbdt`r. _`bhdl dtu chrd s`gd `iflfnd gulh n`lulmhlg
thlhn phish (oubtuur
(oubtuur st`bs`b) ehsdb prfcui ifpd chrd p`chbhnhl
Qrdhlghl s`nhidl khlyhi yhlg cdhlgiut i` p`bhkuehl Odr`kfl
chl Dlcrhnhyu phchehb s`k`bunlyh tdchi t`rmhcd chl prfcui dtu

n`nkusui
n`nkusui cd guchlg-guchlg
guchlg-guchlg ifpd
ifpd _un`chlg,
_un`chlg, Bdnkhlghl,
 0

Odshruh,, chl _uihkund.

Odshruh _uihkund. _`bhdl dtu, c`lghl hchlyh mhbhl dld
p`rmhbhlhl chrht _urhkhyh-
_urhkhyh-Khthvdh yhlg s`k`bunlyh cdt`npue 31
ehrd kdsh cdp`rsdlgiht n`lmhcd tumue ehrd. Dld shlght k`rnhljhht

khgd p`lgdrdnhl surht yhlg fb`e Ch`lc`bs i`nucdhl cdi`bfbh

chbhn cdlhs pfs.
Chrd s`mhrhe p`ri`nkhlghl p`rhchkhl nhlusdh chl chrd k`rkhghd
p`l`nuhl phrh phihr trhlspfrthsd t`lthlg s`mhrhe p`ri`nkhlghl mhbhl
chphtbhe cdi`theud khewh =
h. Mhbhl p`rthnh yhlg n`lggulhihl
n`lggulhihl ?011 _N. Q`l`nuhl dld
p`ri`rhshl cdt`nuihl cdch`rhe N`sfpfthndh cdphlchlg s`khghd
hwhb chrd s`mhrhe i`k`rhchhl mhbhl rhyh.
k. Iflstruisd mhbhl yhlg t`rcdrd chrd thlhe hsbd cdbhpdsd c`lghl khtu

ihpur chl cdtutup c`lghl khtu khth cdt`nuihl cdhlthrh Khkdbfldh

edlggh N`sdr yhlg cdp`ridrhihl cdkhlgul ;011-;0:5 _N fb`e rhmh
Oe`fp` yhlg k`rjulgsd ultui n`lghlgiut khtu-khtu k`shr chbhn
n`nkhlgul Gr`ht Qyrhndc.
o. Q`rnui
Q`rnuihl
hl mhbhl yhlg cdp`ri`r
cdp`ri`rhs
hs chrd
chrd khtu
khtu khtuhl
khtuhl dld cdt`nu
cdt`nuihl
ihl
cdpubhu Orht` (I`r`th) Tulhld yhlg cdkuht iurhlg b`kde 8011 _N.
c. Cd wdbhyh
wdbhyhe
e Khkdbf
Khkdbfldh
ldh cdt`nu
cdt`nuihl
ihl p`rnuihh
p`rnuihhl
l mhbhl
mhbhl yhlg
yhlg cdkuht
cdkuht
k`rbhpds-bhpds yhdtu chrd bhpdshl
bh pdshl thlhe chshr
chs hr yhlg cdhthslyh cdsusul
bhpdshl
bhpdshl khtu-khtu
khtu-khtu k`shr,
k`shr, khtu
khtu k`rflm
k`rflmfb
fb cdohnp
cdohnpur
ur nfrthr,
nfrthr, khtu

i`rdidbb chl i`nucd

i`rdid i`nucdhl
hl cdtutu
cdtutup
p c`lghl
c`lghl khtu
khtu Qbht.
Qbht. N`lumu
N`lumu mhbhl
mhbhl
nfc`rl phch nhsh I`ihdshrhl [fnhwd yhlg n`lghbhnd i`mhyhhl
chbhn n`nkhlgul mhbhl phch theul 70?- 37: _N. Ehb t`rs`kut
k`rchshrihl hths k`rkhghd p`l`nuhl hlthrh bhdl =
8) Q`l`nuhl
Q`l`nuhl chlhu hsphb
hsphb Srdldchc
Srdldchc fb`e _dr Whbt`r [`bdge
[`bdge Sheul
8040,,
8040 cdnhlh
cdnhlh c`lghl
c`lghl khehl t`nuhl t`rs`kut chpht
cdp`rgulhihl ultui n`np`ri`rhs
n`np`ri`rhs bhpdshl p`rnuihhl mhbhl.
;) Qd`rr` Nhrd`
Nhrd` M`r`n` Sr`shqu`t
Sr`shqu`t chrd Q`rhlods
Q`rhlods n`np`ri`lhb
n`np`ri`lhbihl
ihl
iflstruisd mhbhl chrd khtu p`ohe phch p`rdfc` te 8785-874:.
 :

?) N`tfc`
N`tfc` p`rdls
p`rdlsdp
dp c`shi
c`shi cdp`ri
cdp`ri`lh
`lhbih
bihl
l fb`e
fb`e frhlg
frhlg _oftbh
_oftbhlcd
lcdhh
yhdtu
yhdtu phch
phch theul
theul 8741
8741 yhdtu
yhdtu Sefnhs
Sefnhs S`bjfr
S`bjfrc,
c, yhdtu
yhdtu suhtu
suhtu
iflstru
iflstruisd
isd p`ri`r
p`ri`rhsh
hshl
l mhbhl
mhbhl yhlg
yhlg cdkuht
cdkuht n`luru
n`lurutt m`nkht
m`nkhthl
hl

b`lgiulg chrd khtu k`bhe, s`rth n`lhnkheihl susulhl khtu.

3) Sheul
Sheul 8580 Mefl bflcfl No hchns n`np`ri`lhi
n`np`ri`lhihlhl prdlsdp
tunphlg
tunphlg tdlcde
tdlcde hthu iflstruisd
iflstruisd Nhihchn.Q`l
Nhihchn.Q`l`nuhl
`nuhl n`sdl
p`lggdbhs (stfn
(s tfn rfbb`r) cdt`nuihl te 85:1 fb`e B`nfdl`.

;. _`mhrhe Mhbhl [hyh cd Dlcfl`sdh

Dlcfl`sdh
Hwhb p`ri`nkhlghl mhbhl cdk`rkhghd wdbhyhe s`ohrh unun nhsde
n`ruphihl mhbhl s`thphi hthu mhbhl thlhe. Q`rhchkhl-p`rhchkhl iulf
yhlg t`bhe k`rehsdb n`nkhlgul t`ilfbfgd mhbhl yhlg b`kde "nfc`rl"

cdhlthrhlyh Sdflgifi, N`sfpfthndh, Tulhld, chl [fnhwd. Nfc`rl

cdsdld chpht cdhrtdihl khewh mhbhl t`rs`kut tdchi ehlyh chpht cdbdlthsd
c`lghl k`rmhbhl ihid, t`thpd mugh chpht cdb`whtd i`lchrhhl k`rfch ylg
cdthrd
cdthrdi
i c`lghl
c`lghl iuch.
iuch. Ehb dld cds`kh
cds`khkih
kihl
l p`rhch
p`rhchkhl
khl t`rs`ku
t`rs`kutt suche
suche
n`lg`nkhlgihl t`ildi p`nhchthl phch p`nkhlgulhl mhbhl, s`edlggh
struitur mhbhl n`lmhcd b`kde iuht.
h. Mhbhl Qhch Nhsh Ibhsdi (Iulf)
(Iulf)
Cd Lushlthrh s`lcdrd tdchi hch chth yhlg phstd ihphl t`ilfbfgd
mhbhl "nfc`rl" cdt`rhpihl. I`rhmhhl-i`rhmhhl k`shr t`rtuh cd

Lushlthrh s`p`rtd Iuthd, _rdwdmhyh, chl Nhmhphedt nhsde k`bun

n`lg`nkhlg
n`lg`nkhlgihl
ihl p`nkhlgul
p`nkhlgulhlhl mhbhl "nfc`rl". Ehb dld
cds`khkihl fb`e iflcdsd g`fgrhjds lushlthrh yhlg k`ruph
i`pubh
i`pubhuhl
uhl,, s`rth
s`rth ifcdsd
ifcdsd hbhn yhlg
yhlg k`ruph
k`ruph euthl
euthl b`kht
b`kht c`lghl
c`lghl
ifltur p`gululghl. Nhih, i`rhmhhl-i`rhmhhl t`rs`kut b`kde
n`lguthnhihl n`lg`nkhlgihl t`ilfbfgd p`bhyhrhl s`khghd
trhlspfrthsd cdkhlcdlgihl mhbhl chrht.
N`sidpu
N`sidpul
l c`ndid
c`ndidhl,
hl, cd Lushlt
Lushlthrh
hrh t`b
t`bhe
he hch mhbhl-m
mhbhl-mhbhl
hbhl "iulf"
"iulf"
yhlg nhsde k`ruph mhbhl thlhe s`thphi yhlg shlght g`nkur chl

tdchi chpht cdbdlthsd i`tdih nusdn p`lgeumhl

p`lgeumhl.. Ehb dld chpht
 7

cdt`bu
cdt`busurd
surd phch
phch shht t`rmhcd
t`rmhcd p`rhlg
p`rhlg Kukhc
Kukhc chl p`rhlg
p`rhlg Qhr`gr
Qhr`gr`g
`g
phch nhsh I`rhmhhl Nhmhphedt. I`cuh p`rhlg k`shr dld
n`nkutueihl nfkdbdshsd phsuihl yhlg mugh k`shr, s`edlggh

chbhn nfkdbdshsd t`rs`kut phrh phsuihl k`rehsdb n`nkuht suhtu

rut` yhlg n`r`ih bhbud chl t`rk`ltuibhe s`kuhe mhbhl.
I`nucdhl, i`k`rhchhl mhbhl cd Lushlthrh mugh chpht cdbhohi phch
p`rdstdwh p`rpdlchehl pusht i`iuhshhl I`rhmhhl _ulch. Cdi`theud
khewh pusht I`rhmhhl _ulch t`bhe n`lghbhnd k`k`rhph ihbd
p`rpdlchehl. N`lurut _hb`e Chlhshsndth, pusht i`rhmhhl _ulch
yhlg
yhlg k`rpdl
k`rpdlche
che-pd
-pdlch
lche
e dtu p`rlhe
p`rlhe k`rbfi
k`rbfihsd
hsd s`ohrh
s`ohrh irflfb
irflfbfgd
fgdss
s`khghd k`rdiut= Ghbue, Qhiuhl, _hulgghbhe, Qhiuhl, Ihwhbd, chl
Qhiuhl. Chbhn p`rpdlchehl pusht i`iuhshhl dld mugh cdkutueihl

nfkdbdshsd s`ohrh k`shr-k`shrhl yhlg n`bdkhtihl phrh p`ndnpdl

i`rhmhhl chl rhiyhtlyh. nhih, chbhn ndgrhsd dld cdkutueihl mhbhl
p`lgeukulg ultui n`lohphd bfihsd yhlg cdtumu.
_`bhdl dtu, t`rghnkhrihl mugh phch shht t`rmhcd p`rdstdwh
p`ly`rhlghl i`cuh _ubthl Hgulg i` Khthvdh phch theul 8:;4.
_`t`bhe s`rhlghl p`rthnh ghghb n`bhbud mhbur bhut, nhih _ubthl
Hgulg i`nkhbd n`lgdrdnihl phsuihllyh ultui n`y`rhlg
Khthvdh. Khlyhi phsuihl yhlg cdi`rheihl c`lghl ohrh k`rmhbhl
ihidd chrd
ihi chrd pusht
pusht Nhthrh
Nhthrhn
n (s`idt
(s`idthr
hr Mfgmh)
Mfgmh) n`lumu
n`lumu Khthvd
Khthvdh.
h. Ehb

t`rs`kut cdp`riuht c`lghl cdcdrdihllyh bunkulg-bunkulg phcd cd

wdbhyhe yhlg cdbhbud fb`e phrh phsuihl _ubthl Hgulg, s`p`rtd cd
S`ghb chl Ihrhwhlg. _hnh ehblyh c`lghl p`rhlg I`rhmhhl
Nhmhphedt, p`ly`rhlghl i` Khthvdh dld mugh n`nkutueihl his`s
mhbhl ultui nfkdbdshsd phrh phsuihl s`edlggh kdsh shnphd cd
Khthvdh. Sdchi cdi`theud hphihe mhbhl yhlg suche t`rk`ltui chrd
nfkdbdshsd phsuihl chl ndgrhsd t`rs`kut nhsde cdgulhihl
s`t`bhe
s`t`bhelyh
lyh hthu cdtdlg
cdtdlgghbi
ghbihl
hl k`gdtu
k`gdtu shmh
shmh chl i`nkhb
i`nkhbdd t`rtutu
t`rtutup
p
s`nhi-k`buihr. Lhnul c`ndidhl, chrd i`tdgh p`rdstdwh t`rs`kut
 5

t`bhe n`lulmuihl khewh cd Lushlthrh suche hch p`nkhlgulhl

mhbhl whbhupul nhsde shlght k`rsdjht "iulf".
k. Mhbhl Qhch Nhsh
Nh sh Ifbfldhb (_`nd-Nfc`rl)

Q`nkhlgulhl mhbhl cd Lushlthrh yhlg kdsh cdihthihl suche b`kde

nfc`rl t`rmhcd phch shht wdbhyhe dld k`rhch cdkhwhe p`lcucuihl
K`bhlch (Q`rhlods). Qhch theul 8515, s`frhlg guk`rlur m`lc`rhb
E.W Ch`lc`bs n`lchpht tughs ultui n`np`rthehlihl Qubhu Mhwh
chrd s`rhlghl Dlggrds. _hbhe shtu i`kdmhihl yhlg cdhnkdb hchbhe
n`nkhlgul mhbhl rhyh yhlg n`nk`lthlg s`mhue 8111 in chrd
Hly`r
Hly`r edlggh
edlggh Qhlhru
Qhlhruihl
ihl.. Mhbhl
Mhbhl dld b`kde
b`kde cdi`lh
cdi`lhbb c`lghl
c`lghl lhnh
lhnh
Mh
Mhbh
bhl
l [hyh
[hyh Qfs
Qfs (Grfft
Grfft`` Qfstw`g).
Qfstw`g). I`k
I`kdmhi
dmhihl
hl dld cdhnkd
cdhnkdbb hths
hths
chshr iflcdsd mhbhl cd Qubhu Mhwh nhsde k`ruph mhbhl s`thphi chl

shlght kurui phch nusdn eumhl, s`edlggh n`nkutueihl whitu

t`npue
t`npue yhlg bhnh.
bhnh. K`rk`c
K`rk`chh c`lghl
c`lghl iflcdsd
iflcdsd mhbhl
mhbhl yhlg
yhlg hch cd
@rfph k`rchshrihl p`lghbhnhl
p`lghbhnhl Ch`lc`bs.
Ch`lc`bs. Mhbhl yhlg cdkhlgul
cdkhlgul
t`rs`kut k`k`rhph ruhs ehlyh cdbhiuihl p`nhchthl chl p`lg`rhshl
c`lghl phsdr chl khtu hghr b`kde iuht chl tdchi k`rbunpur shht
eumhl,
eumhl, s`edlg
s`edlggh
gh kdsh
kdsh cdbdlt
cdbdlthsd
hsd i`r`th
i`r`th iuch.
iuch. K`k`rh
K`k`rhph
ph ruhs
ruhs bhgd
bhgd
hchbhe mhbur khru yhlg t`rifl`isd c`lghl mhbhl yhlg suche hch,
s`p`rtd chrd wdbhyhe Kfgfr n`lumu Khlculg yhlg n`bdlthsd ch`rhe
p`gululghl N`ghn`lculg chl Qulohi. Hiedrlyh mhbhl dld

k`rehsdb cds`b`shdihl s`idthr theul 8581 hthu ehlyh cuh theul

nhsh p`nkhlgulhl.
Mhbhl
Mhbhl [hyh
[hyh Qfs
Qfs dl
dldd n`ru
n`ruph
phih
ihl
l mh
mhbh
bhl
l yh
yhlg
lg k`
k`re
rehsd
hsdbb cd
cdkh
khlg
lgul
ul
c`lghl t`ilfbfgd chl t`ildi yhlg b`kde "nfc`rl". Kheihl,
p`nkhlgulhl mhbhl dld n`lmhcd khgdhl s`mhrhe p`ltdlg chbhn
p`rmhbhlhl khlgsh Dlcfl`sdh. _`mhrhe p`nkhlgulhl mhbhl dld
shlght "n`b`g`lch" cdihbhlghl frhlg-frhlg
frhlg-frhlg Mhwh. Edlggh
s`ihrhlg ruhs mhbhl dld nhsde hch chl n`lmhcd shbhe shtu mhbur bhbu-
bdlths
bdlths uthnh
uthnh cd Qubhu
Qubhu Mhwh.
Mhwh. Qhch
Qhch p`rdfc
p`rdfc`` if
ifbfl
bfldhb,
dhb, thnphi
thnphilyh
lyh

p`nkhlgulhl Mhbhl [hyh Qfs hchbhe p`nkhlgulhl mhbhl yhlg

 4

phbdlg n`lflmfb chl phbdlg sdgldjdihl s`bhnh p`rdfc` t`rs`kut

k`rbhlgsulg. Qhshblyh, tdchi hch p`nkhlgulhl mhbhl rhyh bhdllyh
yhlg s`-sp`ithiub`r Mhbhl [hyh Qfs. Ehb dld cds`khkihl hchlyh

i`kdmhihl p`nkhlgulhl mhbur r`b i`r`th hpd cd wdbhyhe

p`lcucuihl K`bhlch (Edlcdh-K`bhlch). _`t`bhe n`l`rhpihl
i`kdmhihl
i`kdmhihl bdk`rhbdshsd
bdk`rhbdshsd chr`he mhmhehl, p`n`rdlthe ifbfldhb b`kde
khlyhi n`nkhlgul mhrdlghl mhbur i`r`th hpd cdkhlcdlgihl c`lghl
mhbhl rhyh, ehb dld cds`khkihl ihr`lh i`r`th hpd cdhlgghp b`kde
`jdsd`l
`jdsd`l chbhn
chbhn ehb kdhyh
kdhyh chl whitu,
whitu, s`edlg
s`edlggh
gh jfius
jfius p`n`rd
p`n`rdlth
lthe
e
K`bhlc
K`bhlchh chbhn
chbhn kdchlg
kdchlg trhlsp
trhlspfrt
frthsd
hsd chrht
chrht b`kde
b`kde n`lgut
n`lguthnh
hnhihl
ihl
p`lg`nkhlghl i`r`th hpd. Nhih, edlggh K`bhlch hlgiht ihid chrd
Edlcdh-K`bhlch hidkht M`phlg chthlg, tdchi hch bhgd ohththl

p`nkhlgulhl mhbhl yhlg `ujfrdhlyh s`p`rtd p`nkhlgulhl Mhbhl

[hyhh Qfs.
[hy Qfs. Qhch
Qhch nhsh
nhsh p`lcuc
p`lcucuih
uihll M`phlg
M`phlg,, p`nkhl
p`nkhlgul
gulhl
hl mhbhl
mhbhl
rhyh mugh tdchi n`lmhcd pdbdehl i`kdmhihl uthnh p`ndnpdl
Ldppfl. Cdkhwhe p`n`rdlthehl ndbdt`r chl sdtuhsd p`rhlg culdh,
cdkutu
cdkutueih
eihl
l i`kdmh
i`kdmhihl
ihl yhlg
yhlg cdhlgg
cdhlgghp
hp b`kde
b`kde `j`itdj
`j`itdj chl `jdsd`l
`jdsd`l..
N`nkhl
N`nkhlgul
gul mhbhl
mhbhl rhyh
rhyh kuihl
kuihl n`ruph
n`ruphihl
ihl pdbdeh
pdbdehl
l yhlg
yhlg t`pht.
t`pht.
Q`n`rdlthehl Ldppfl b`kde n`ndbde ultui n`lhnkhe rut` mhbur
i`r`th khru, dtupul tdchi c`lghl sunk`r chyh yhlg khru t`thpd
ehsdb "ihldkhb" chrd mhbur-mhbur i`r`th bhdllyh yhlg cdhlgghp suche

tdchi t`rphihd/tdchi
t`rphihd/tdchi p`ltdlg
p`ltdlg p`rhllyh.
p`rhllyh. Q`nkhlgul
Q`nkhlgulhl
hl mhbhl rhyh
phch nhsh p`lcucuihl M`phlg shlghtbhe t`rkhths chl kuihl
n`lmhcd prdfrdths uthnh.
o. Mhbhl Qhch
Qhch Nhsh I`n`rc`ihhl
I`n`rc`ihhl (Nfc`rl
(Nfc`rldshsd
dshsd Mhbhl
Mhbhl [hyh)
[hyh)
_`t`bhe Dlcfl`sdh n`lchpht i`n`rc`ihhllyh, p`nkhlgulhl mhbhl
rhyh s`ohrh r`snd k`rhch cd khwhe thlggulg mhwhk C`phrt`n`l
Q`i`rmhhl Pnun. Qhch p`rdfc` dld p`n`rdlthe k`rehsdb
n`nkhlgul khlyhi ruhs mhbhl. K`k`rhph cdhlthrhlyh hchbhe
p`nkhlgulhl mhbhl yhlg suche t`rkdbhlg nfc`rl. Qhch theul

8400,,
8400 k`rshnhhl
k`rshnhhl c`lghl
c`lghl s`b`shdlyh
s`b`shdlyh p`nkhlgul
p`nkhlgulhl
hl Ifth
 81

I`khyfrhl Khru, p`n`rdlthe n`nkuht mhrdlghl mhbhl s`b`khr 31

n`t`r yhlg n`lgeukulgihllyh c`lghl ifth Mhihrth c`lghl
I`khyfrhl Khru. Mhbhl dld t`rcdrd chrd cuh mhbur k`shr ultui bhbu-

bdlths o`pht,
bdlths o`pht, cuh mhbur
mhbur ultui
ultui bhb
bhbu-b
u-bdlt
dlths
hs kdhsh,
kdhsh, chl cdt`lg
cdt`lghel
helyh
yh
t`rc
t`rchp
hpht
ht thnh
thnhl
l s`b`k
s`b`khr
hr `l
`lhn
hn n`t`
n`t`r.r. Mh
Mhbhl
bhl dl
dldd s`ihrh
s`ihrhlg
lg b`kde
b`kde
cdi`lh
cdi`lhbb c`lghl
c`lghl Mhbhl
Mhbhl M`lc`r
M`lc`rhb
hb _ucdrn
_ucdrnhl-
hl- Mhbhl
Mhbhl N.E Sehnrd
Sehnrdl.
l.
Mhbhl dld n`ruphihl mhbhl yhlg cdkhlgul c`lghl iuhbdths tdlggd
chl b`khr mhbhl yhlg ouiup k`shr. Kheihl, phch shht dtu mhbhl dld
n`ruphihl mhbhl yhlg phbdlg b`khr cd wdbhyhe Mhihrth.
N`nhsuid hwhb p`rdfc` 84:1-hl, p`n`rdlthe Frc` Bhnh i`nkhbd
n`nkhlgul s`kuhe mhbhl khru yhlg n`bdlths chrd Odbdbdthl edlggh
Shlmul
Shlmulg
g Qrdfi.
Qrdfi. Mhbhl
Mhbhl dtu k`rlhn
k`rlhnhh Mhihrth
Mhihrth Kyphss.
Kyphss. Mhbhl
Mhbhl yhlg
yhlg

cdkhlgul c`lghl chlh edkhe chrd P_HDC t`rs`kut k`rehsdb

cds`b`s
cds`b`shdi
hdihl
hl phch
phch theul
theul 84:?
84:? yhlg
yhlg cdr`sn
cdr`sndih
dihl
l bhlgsu
bhlgsulg
lg fb`e
fb`e
Qr`sdc
Qr`sdc`l
`l _f`ihr
_f`ihrlf.
lf. Mhbhl
Mhbhl dld mugh
mugh cdkhlg
cdkhlgul
ul c`lghl
c`lghl sp`sdjd
sp`sdjdihsd
ihsd
yhlg t`rkdbhlg tdlggd chl nfc`rl phch nhshlyh. B`khr mhbhl dld
mugh t`rkdbhlg buhs. Nhih chrd dtu, khlyhi nhsyhrhiht yhlg
n`ly`kut mhbhl dld n`lmhcd "Mhihrth K`khs", ihr`lh b`khrlyh mhbhl
chl b`lghlglyh
b`lghlglyh bhbu-bdlths, s`edlggh nhsyhrhiht c`lghl k`khs
n`ldinhtd chl n`bdlthsd mhbhl dld.
Iflcdsd pfbdtdi Dlcfl`sdh n`lghbhnd p`rukhehl phch p`rt`lghehl

p`rdfc` 84:1-hl. Q`th i`iuhshhl n`lghbhnd p`rukhehl c`lghl

n`nuloubihl p`ndnpdl khru yhdtu _f`ehrtf hthu cdi`lhb c`lghl
nhsh Frc` Khru. Qhch nhsh dldbhe Dlcfl`sdh k`rehsdb n`l`rhpihl
sdst`n
sdst`n p`lgfp
p`lgfp`rhs
`rhsdhl
dhl mhb
mhbhl
hl rhyh
rhyh c`lghl
c`lghl n`lggu
n`lggulhi
lhihl
hl ifls`p
ifls`p
"mhbhl tfb". _dst`n dld cdt`rhpihl s`t`bhe t`rs`b`shdihllyh
p`nkhlgulhl Mhbhl Mhgfrhwd yhlg n`nk`lthlg chrd Mhihrth
edlggh Kfgfr. Mhbhl dld cdkhlgul c`lghl sp`sdjdihsd shlght tdlggd
c`lghl n`lggulhihl t`ilfbfgd-t`ilfbfgd nfc`rl. Mhbhl Mhgfrhwd
t`rnhsu
t`rnhsui
i mhbhl
mhbhl i`bhs
i`bhs shtu c`lghl
c`lghl sp`sdjd
sp`sdjdihs
ihsdd k`khs
k`khs ehnkht
ehnkhthl,
hl,

s`edlggh mhbhl dld k`khs chrd ehnkhthl-ehnkhthl (p`rsdnphlghl,

 88

frhlg n`ly`krhlg,, cbb) yhlg kdhshlyh t`rmhcd phch mhbhl

iflv`lsdflhb.
I`k`rehsdbhl p`nkhlgulhl mhbhl k`khs ehnkhthl Mhgfrhwd yhlg

i`nucdhl cdukhe n`lmhcd mhbhl tfb Mhgfrhwd n`ruphihl pr`sthsd

khlgsh Dlcfl`sdh phch shht dtu. Dlcfl`sdh k`rehsdb n`nkhlgul
s`kuhe mhbhl rhyh yhlg shlght nfc`rl cdkhlcdlg c`lghl l`ghrh-
l`ghrh bhdl cd H_@HL. I`k`rehsdbhl t`rs`kut mugh n`lmhcd khkhi
khru chbhn p`rmhbhlhl khlgsh chbhn n`nkhlgul s`kuhe mhbhl
rhyh. Qhshblyh, s`t`bhe Mhgfrhwd p`n`rdlthe t`rus n`l`rus s`ohrh
k`ri`bhlmuthl n`nkhlgul mhbhl tfb cd k`rkhghd ch`rhe.
ch`r he.
Q`rmhbhlhl phlmhlg p`nkhlgulhl mhbhl cd Dlcfl`sdh n`lulmuihl
khewh t`ildi p`nkhlgulhl chl k`ltui mhbhl t`bhe n`lghbhnd

p`rukhehl s`drdlg k`ri`nkhlglyh zhnhl chl i`kutuehl nhlusdh.

Mhbhl yhlg hwhblyh k`ruph mhbhl s`thphi chl nhsde k`rhbhsihl
thlhe k`ri`nkhlg n`lmhcd mhbhl c`lghl b`khr yhlg buhs c`lghl
cdbhpdsd hsphb hthu k`tfl. I`t`rkhthshl julgsd mhbhl "iulf" yhlg
shlght k`rghltulg phch ouhoh tdchi k`rbhiu bhgd cd nhsh s`ihrhlg.
Mhbhl
Mhbhl chpht
chpht cdgulh
cdgulhihl
ihl ihphl
ihphl shmh
shmh chl c`lghl
c`lghl n`lgg
n`lggulh
ulhihl
ihl
k`rkhghd m`lds i`lchrhhl, chrd yhlg i`odb edlggh yhlg k`shr.

Ghnkhr ;. Q`ri`nkhlghl Mhbhl [hyh cd Dlcfl`sdh

K. Q`lg`rt
Q`lg`rtdhl
dhl chl
chl Odrd-Odrd
Odrd-Odrd Mhbhl
Mhbhl [hyh
[hyh
Mhbhl hchbhe prhshrhlh
prhshrhlh trhlspfrthsd
trhlspfrthsd chrht yhlg n`bdputd
n`bdputd s`ghbh khgdhl
khgdhl
mhbhl, t`rnhsui khlgulhl p`b`lgihp chl p`rb`lgihphllyh yhlg

cdp`rultuihl khgd bhbu bdlths. Mhbhl suche hch s`mhi nhlusdh n`n`rbuihl
 8;

hr`h ultui k`rmhbhl chbhn n`n`lued s`ghbh i`p`ltdlghllyh (`iflfnd,

sfsdhb, pfbdtdi, chl Kuchyh), t`rb`kde s`t`bhe n`l`nuihl i`lchrhhl k`rfch
cd hlthrhlyh k`ruph i`r`th yhlg cdthrdi iuch. Sdchi m`bhs cdihthihl khewh

p`rhchkhl nhlh yhlg b`kde cheubu n`nkuht mhbhl rhyh. Hihl t`thpd
ehnpdr s`nuh p`rhchkhl tdchi t`rb`phs chrd i`k`rhchhl mhbhl
t`rs`kut. _`bhdl dtu, Mhbhl rhyh dhbhe mhbhl uthnh yhlg n`lgeukulgihl shtu
ihwhshl c`lghl ihwhshl yhlg bhdl. Kdhshlyh mhbhl k`shr dld n`npulyhd
odrd-odrd k`rdiut=
8. Cdgulhihl ultui
ultui i`lchrhhl k`rnftfr
k`rnftfr
;. Cdgulhihl fb`e nhsyhrhiht unun
?. Cdkdhyhd fb`e p`rushehhl l`ghrh
3. Q`lggulhhllyh cdhtur fb`e ulchlg-ulchlg
ulchlg-ulchlg p`lghlgiuthl
p`lghlgiuthl

Ghnkhr ?. Odrd-Odrd Mhbhl [hyh

Cd sdld ehrus cddlght khewh tdchi s`nuh mhbhl yhlg chpht cdbhbud fb`e
i`lchrhhl k`rnftfr dtu mhbhl rhyh. Ofltfelyh bdlthshl-bdlthshl cd ch`rhe
p`ri`kulhl. Nhohn-nhohn Mhbhl =
8. Nhohn mhbhl chrht n`lurut
n`lurut i`p`ltdlghllyh=
i`p`ltdlghllyh=
h. Mhbhl bhchlg/mhbhl iuch yhdtu ehlyh
ehlyh ultui bhbubdlths p`mhbhl ihid c
chl
hl
e`whl p`lhrdi
k. Mhbhl s`thphi/mhbhl ihnpulg yhdtu mhbur mhbhl yhlg chpht cdbhbud fb`e
hbht hlgiut k`rkfkft rdlghl, ndshb g`rfkhi cbb
 8?

o. Mhbhl k`shr/mhbhl
k`shr/mhbhl rhyh yhdtu mhbur yhlg n`lge
n`lgeukul
ukulgihl
gihl hlthr ifth,
hlthr ch`rhe c`lghl n`lggulhihl hbht hlgiuthl c`lghl i`phchthl
bhbubdlths rdlghl, s`chlg, phcht chl shlght phcht.

;. Nhohn mhbhl rhyh n`lurut iflstruisdlyh

h. Mhbhl thlhe
thlhe yhdtu
yhdtu mhb
mhbur
ur yhlg
yhlg k`bun
k`bun n`ndbd
n`ndbdid
id bhpdshl
bhpdshl p`ri`r
p`ri`rhshl
hshl,,
bhpdshl pflchsd chl bhpdshl kdchlg p`rnuihhl.
k. Mhbhl i`rdidb/mhbhl khtu p`ohe yhdtu mhbur mhbhl yhlg t`bhe n`ndbdid
bhpdshl p`ri`rhshl, yhlg t`rcdrd chrd =
o. Mhbhl yhlg cdhsphb
cdhsphb yhdtu mhbur mhbhl khtu i`rdidb
i`rdidb yhlg cdbhpdsd hsphb,
p`ldnkulhl thlhe i` hrhe b`khr cdhnkdb p`lyusuthl yhlg t`rmhcd cd
ihlhl chl cd idrd nhsdlg-nhsdl
nhsdlg-nhsdlg
g shtu p`ldnkulh
p`ldnkulhl
l i` hrhe yhlg
tdlggd p`lyusuthl yhlg t`rmhcd.

O. Q`rhlhl,
Q`rhlhl, _dst`n
_dst`n chl
chl Julgsd
Julgsd Mhbhl
Mhbhl [hyh
[hyh
K`rchs
K`rchshri
hrihl
hl ibhsdj
ibhsdjdih
dihsd
sd mhbhl
mhbhl hthu
hthu edrhri
edrhridd mhb
mhbhl
hl hchbhe
hchbhe
p`lg`bfnpfihl mhbhl k`rchshrihl julgsd mhbhl, k`rchshrihl hcndldstrhsd
p`n`rdlthehl chl k`rchshrihl nuhthl sunku yhlg n`lyhlgiut cdn`lsd
chl k`rht i`lchrhhl. Q`l`ltuhl ibhsdjdihsd mhbhl t`rihdt c`lghl k`shrlyh
vfbun`
vfbun` bhbu bdlths yhlg n`lggulhi
n`lggulhihl
hl mhbhl t`rs`kut,
t`rs`kut, k`shrlyh
k`shrlyh ihphsdths
mhbhl, i``iflfndhl chrd mhbhl t`rs`kut s`rth p`nkdhyhhl p`nkhlgulhl
chl p`rhwhthl mhbhl. Mhbhl unun n`lurut julgsdlyh cd Dlcfl`sdh

cdi`bfnpfiihl i` chbhn mhbhl hrt`rd, mhbhl ifb`itfr, mhbhl bfihb, chl mhbhl
bdlgiulghl. Ibhsdjdihsd julgsdflhb s`p`rtd dld cdhlgiht chrd ibhsdjdihsd cd
Hn`rd
Hn`rdih
ih _`rdi
_`rdiht
ht ch
chl
l Ohlh
Ohlhch
ch.. Cd ht
hths
hs hrt`r
hrt`rdd nhsde
nhsde hc
hchh Jr``w
Jr``why
hy ch
chl
l
Edgewhy. Ibhsdjdihsd mhbhl julgsdflhb cd Dlcfl`sdh k`rchshrihl p`rhturhl
p`rulchlghl yhlg k`rbhiu hchbhe=
8. Mhbhl hrt`rd,
hrt`rd, n`ruphihl
n`ruphihl mhbhl unun yhlg
yhlg k`rjulgsd
k`rjulgsd n`bhyhld
n`bhyhld hlgiuthl
hlgiuthl
uthnh c`lghl odrd p`rmhbhlhl
p`rmhbhlhl mhrhi mhue, i`o`phthl
i`o`phthl rhth-rhth
rhth-rhth tdlggd,
tdlggd,
chl munbhe mhbhl nhsui (his`s) cdkhthsd s`ohrh k`rchyh g
gulh.
ulh.
 83

;. Mhbhl ifb`itfr,
ifb`itfr, n`ruphihl mhbhl unun yhlg k`rjulgsd
k`rjulgsd n`bhyhld
n`bhyhld
hlgiuthl p`lgunpub hthu p`nkhgd c`lghl odrd p`rmhbhlhl mhrhi
s`chlg, i`o`phthl rhth-rhth s`chlg, chl munbhe mhbhl nhsui cdkhthsd.

?. Mhbhl bfihb,
bfihb, n`ruphihl
n`ruphihl mhbhl unun
unun yhlg k`rjulgsd
k`rjulgsd n`bhyhld
n`bhyhld hlgiuthl
hlgiuthl
s`t`npht c`lghl odrd p`rmhbhlhl mhrhi c`iht, i`o`phthl rhth-rhth
r`lche, chl munbhe mhbhl nhsui tdchi cdkhthsd.

Mhbhl bdlgiulghl, n`ruphihl mhbhl unun yhlg k`rjulgsd n`bhyhld

hlgiuthl bdlgiulghl c`lghl odrd p`rmhbhlhl mhrhi c`iht, chl i`o`phthl
rhth-rhth r`lche. Q`lg`bfnpfihl mhbhl cdnhisucihl ultui n`wumucihl
i`phstdhl euiun p`ly`b`lgghrhhl mhbhl s`suhd c`lghl i`w`lhlghl
Q`n`rdlthe chl p`n`rdlthe ch`rhe. Mhbhl unun n`lurut sthtuslyh
cdi`bfnpfiihl i`
i` chbhn mhbhl lhsdflhb,
lhsdflhb, mhbhl prfvdlsd, mhbhl ihkupht`l,
mhbhl ifth, chl mhbhl c`sh.

8. Mhbhl lhsdfl
lhsdflhb,
hb, n`ruphihl
n`ruphihl mhbhl hrt`rd chl mhbhl ifb`itfr
ifb`itfr chbhn sdst`n
mhrdlghl mhbhl prdn`r yhlg n`lgeukulgihl hlthrdkuifth prfvdlsd, chl
mhbhl strht`gds lhsdflhb, s`rth
s `rth mhbhl tfb.
;. Mhbhl prfvdlsd, n`ruphihl mhbhl ifb`itfr chbhn sdst`n mhrdlghl mhbhl
prdn`r yhlg n`lgeukulgihl
n`lgeukulgihl dkuifth prfvdlsd c`lghl dkuifth
ihkupht`l/ifth, hthu hlthrdkuifth ihkupht`l/ifth, chl mhbhl strht`gds
prfvdlsd.

?. Mhbhl ihkupht`l, n`ruphihl mhbhl bfihb chbhn sdst`n mhrdlghl mhbhl

prdn`r yhlg tdchi t`rnhsui mhbhl yhlg n`lgeukulgihl dkuifth
ihkupht`l c`lghl dkuifth i`ohnhthl, hlthrdkuifth i`ohnhthl, dkuifth
ihkupht`l c`lghl pusht i`gdhthl bfihb, hlthrpusht i`gdhthl bfihb, s`rth
mhbhl unun chbhn sdst`n mhrdlghl mhbhl s`iulc`r chbhn wdbhyhe
ihkupht`l, chl mhbhl strht`gds ihkupht`l.
3. Mhbhl ifth, hchbhe mhbhl unun chbhn sdst`n mhrdlghl mhbhl s`iulc`r
yhlg
yhlg n`lgeu
n`lgeukul
kulgih
gihl
l hlthrp
hlthrpush
ushtt p`bhyh
p`bhyhlhl
lhl chbhn
chbhn ifth,
ifth,
n`lgeukulgihl pusht p`bhyhlhl c`lghl p`rsdb, n`lgeukulgihl
 80

hlthrp`rsdb, s`rth n`lgeukulgihl hlthrpusht p`rnuidnhl yhlg k`rhch

cd chbhn ifth.
0. Mhbhl
Mhbhl c`sh,
c`sh, n`ruph
n`ruphihl
ihl mhb
mhbhl
hl unun
unun yhlg
yhlg n`lgeu
n`lgeukul
kulgih
gihl
l ihwhshl
ihwhshl

chl/hthu hlthrp`rnuidnhl cd chbhn c`sh, s`rth mhbhl bdlgiulghl.

Ibhsdjdihsd k`rchshrihl nuhthl sunku Cdstrdkusd k`khl nuhthl sunku

i` khchl mhbhl Pltui i`p`rbuhl p`lghturhl p`lggulhhl chl p`n`luehl
i`kutuehl hlgiuthl, mhbhl cdkhgd chbhn k`k`rhph i`bhs yhlg cdchshrihl
phch i`kutuehl trhlspfrthsd, p`ndbdehl nfch s`ohrh t`pht c`lghl
n`np`rtdnkhlgihl i`ulggubhl ihrhit`rdstdi nhsdlg-nhsdlg nfch,
p`ri`nkhlghl t`ilfbfgd i`lchrhhl k`rnftfr, nuhthl sunku t`rk`rht
i`lchrhhl k`rnftfr s`rth iflstruisd mhbhl. Q`lg`bfnpfiihl mhbhl
n`lurut nuhthl sunku yhlg cds`kut mugh i`bhs mhbhl, t`rcdrd chrd=

8. Mhbhl I`bhs
I`bhs D, yhdtu mhbhl hrt`rd
hrt`rd yhlg chpht
chpht cdbhbud i`lchrhhl
i`lchrhhl k`rnftf
k`rnftfrr
t`rnhsui nuhthl c`lghl uiurhl b`khr tdchi n`b`kded ;.011 ndbdn`t`r,
uiurhl phlmhlg tdchi n`b`kded 85.111 ndbdn`t`r, chl nuhthl sunku
t`rk`rht yhlg cddzdlihl b`kde k`shr chrd 81 tfl, yhlg shht dld nhsde
k`bun cdgulhihl cd Dlcfl`sdh, lhnul suche nubhd cdi`nkhlgihl
cdk`rk
cdk`rkhgh
hghdd l`ghrh
l`ghrh nhmu
nhmu s`p`rtd
s`p`rtd cd Qrhlod
Qrhlodss t`b
t`bhe
he n`lohp
n`lohphd
hd nuhthl
nuhthl
sunku t`rk`rht s`k`shr 8? tfl.
;. Mhbhl I`bhs
I`bhs DD, yhdtu mhbhl
mhbhl hrt`rd yhlg chpht
chpht cdbhbud
cdbhbud i`lchrhhl
i`lchrhhl k`rnftfr
k`rnftfr

t`rnhsui nuhthl c`lghl uiurhl b`khr tdchi n`b`kded ;.011 ndbdn`t`r,

uiurhl phlmhlg tdchi n`b`kded 85.111 ndbdn`t`r, chl nuhthl sunku
t`rk`rht yhlg cddzdlihl 81 tfl, mhbhl i`bhs dld n`ruphihl mhbhl yhlg
s`suhd ultui hlgiuthl p`td i`nhs.
 KHK DDD
Q@LPSPQ
H. I`sdnpubhl
I`sdnpubhl

Mhbhl cdkuht ihr`lh nhlusdh p`bu k`rg`rhi chl k`rpdlche-pdlche

chrd suhtu t`npht i` t`npht bhdl ultui n`np`rthehlihl i`bhlgsulghl
edcuplyh. M`mhi mhbhl t`rs`kut k`rjulgsd s`khghd p`lultul hrhe chl
n`lmhcdihl m`mhi mhbhl s`nhidl n`b`khr cdihr`lhihl s`rdlg k`rpdlchelyh
nhlusdh
nhlusdh phch whitu dtu. I`nucdhl
I`nucdhl iurhlg b`kde 0111 theul yhlg bhbu,
nhlusd
nhlusdhh edcup
edcup k`ri`b
k`ri`bfnp
fnpfi,
fi, ultui
ultui i`p`rbu
i`p`rbuhl
hl tuihr
tuihr n`luih
n`luihrr khrhlg
khrhlg
pfifi n`r`ih nubhd n`lggulhihl mhbur mhbhl s`ohrh t`thp yhlg k`rjulgsd
s`khghd mhbhl prhshrhlh sfsdhb chl `iflfnd.Mhbhl n`ruphihl s`kuhe shrhlh
trhlspfrthsd n`lumu s`kuhe t`npht tumuhl,s`edlggh n`np`rnuche chbhn

ehb sfsdhbdshsd chl `iflfnd. C`lghl p`ri`nkhlghl p`l`nuhl-p`l`nuhl

chrdd phrh
chr phrh p`l`bdt
p`l`bdtd,
d, s`edlgg
s`edlgghh cd khlgul
khlgulbhe
bhe mhbhl
mhbhl rhyh
rhyh shnphd
shnphd s`ihrhl
s`ihrhlg,
g,
ihr`lh struiturlyh i`rhs, iuht chl b`kde ehbus.

K. _hrh
_hrhl
l
Mhbhl rhyh s`khghd shbhe shtu hsp`i t`rp`ltdlg chbhn i`bhlgsulghl edcup
nhlusdh ehrusbhe t`rus cdmhgh chl cdp`rkhehrud s`suhd c`lghl t`ilfbfgd
hghr chpht n`np`rnuche chl n`bhlohrihl s`ghbh hitdvdths yhlg hch.

8:
 CHJSH[ QP_SHIH

Cdr`itfrht M`lc`rhb Kdlh Nhrgh.

Nhrgh. _thlchr Iflstruisd chl Khlgulhl= G`fn`trd

Mhbhl K`khs Ehnkhthl Pltui Mhbhl Sfb. Mhihrth=

Mhihrth= C`phrt`n`l
C`phrt`n`l
Q`i`rmhhl Pnun. ;114.

ettps=//dc.wdidp`cdh.frg/wdid/MhbhlVrhyh

Fgb`sky, Obhrisfl E. chl [. Ghry Edois. S`ildi Mhbhl [hyh Mdbdc D, t`rm. Qurwf
_`tdhltf.. Mhihrth= @rbhlggh. 844:.
_`tdhltf

87