SPEEDS OF GAS MOLECULES SPECIAL RELATIONS RELATION BETWEEN KINETIC DEGREES OF FREEDOM SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

. Pressure exerted by a gas, ENERGY AND TEMPERATURE

. Specific heat capacity for an ideal gas,
Root Mean square speed: 1 2
P= ρv rms CP − CV = R
. Square root of mean of square 3 3KT 1 . For monoatomic gas, f = 3
. Kinetic Energy = = mv 2rms
of speed of different molecules, 2 2 CP 5
. Relation between pressure . For monoatomic gas, =γ =
v1 + v2 +............... + vn CV 3
vrms =
2 2 2
and Kinetic Energy. Kinetic Energy of gas molecule.
. For diatomic gas,
n 3 1 3RT CP γ 7
E= PV . K.E = mv rms =
2
(a) at room temperature, f = 5 . For diatomic gas, = =
3RT 3P 2 2 2 CV 5
vrms = = ρ (b) at high temperature, f = 7
M Kinetic energy of one mole of gas molecule. CP γ 4 + f
. For polyatomic gas, = =
Average Speed: 1 = 3RT CV 3+f
Most probable speed:
. K.E = mvrms
2

. Arithmatic mean of speed of 2 2m . For polyatomic gas, and f is degrees of freedom.

molecules of gas at given . Speed possessed by maximum Kinetic energy of one gram of gas molecule.
temperature. number of molecules of gas. (a) at room temperature , f = 6 . CP = (1 + f ) R , C = f R
(b) at high temperature, f = 8, f degree of 2 V
2
vavg = I v1 I + I v2 I + ....... + I vnI
n vmp = 2RT = 2P
ρ
freedom. Cp 2
Mo . γ = = 1+
CV f
vavg = 8RT = 8P
πM πρ
MEAN FREE PATH

Average distance travelled by

ASSUMPTIONS IN KINETIC IDEAL GAS LAWs molecules between two
THEORY OF GASES successive collision
1
Gas consists of small . Pressure, Temperature and λ mean =
particles known as Molecules. volume of Gas are related to 2 πd2n
each other by following
Molecules of Gas are equation, PV = nRT. d = diameter of molecules.
identical rigid sphere and n = no. of molecules per
elastic points mass. . P – pressure, V – volume, n – no. unit volume
of moles , R = Universal Gas
Molecules of Gas moves Constant = 8.314 J/mol.k ,
randomly in al directions T – Temperature.
with possible velocity.
m n
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES
. PV = RT ; PV = nA
KT DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL
mA
PRESSURE

Boyle’s Law Charle’s Law Gay lussac’s law LAW OF EQUIPARTITION OF ENERGY

. The total Kinetic energy of a gas molecule

is equally distributed among it’s all degrees
P PV V V/T of freedom.
P P/T
f
U = k BT
V V
T V
2
T P

f = degrees of freedom.
. For Fixed mass, pressure of gas . For a Fixed mass, volume of gas . For a fixed mass, pressure of a
is inversely proportional to is directly proportional to gas is directly proportional to kB = Boltzmann Constant. Total pressure of a mixture of non –
volume. temperature. its temperature. reacting gas is equal to summation of
3 pressure of individual Gasses.
. PV = constant, if T = Cosntant P . For monoatomic gas, U= k BT
. V α T; v = constant; P = constant. . P α T; = constant; V = constant. 2
T T
. P1V1 = P2V2 ,When gas changes it’s P = P1 + P2 + P3 +………+ Pn
. v 1 = v 2 ,When gas change its state P1 P2 5
state under constant
T1 T2 under constant pressure.
. = ,When gas change its state
. For diatomic gas, U= k BT
temperature. T1 T2 under constant Volume. 2

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