First Aid

Safety:
Dimensions of
Development
Introduction
Importance of First Aid
First aid is the immediate and temporary
care provided to a person who has been
injured or is suddenly taken ill. It plays a
crucial role in reducing suffering,
preventing further harm, and aiding
medical professionals in providing
appropriate treatment.
 Emergency Medical
Services
is a system consists of a team of healthcare professionals, who, in each area of jurisdiction, are
responsible for and provide emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured

History
History of EMS
Origin: Emerged from wartime medical practices in the early 20th century.
Lag in Domestic Care: By the 1960s, domestic emergency care was insufficient.
Milestones: Highway Safety Act and Emergency Medical Act (1966), National Standard
Curriculum in the 1970s.
Establishment: EMS was established nationwide in the United States by 1980.
 Levels of EMS
Training
Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)

Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)

Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)

Paramedics
 Components of EMS
System
Access: Quick access is crucial in emergencies.
Communication: Essential information from callers.
Human Resources: Creating a conducive environment for talented individuals to pursue EMS
careers.
Medical Direction: Each EMS must have a medical director.
Legislation and Regulation: Conforming to EMS legislation, rules, and guidelines.
Integration of Health Services: Coordinating pre-hospital and hospital care.

Evaluation: Identifying ways to reduce human errors.

Information System: Documenting care provided by EMS.
System Finance: Ensuring funding for continued service provision.
Education System: Licensing and approving EMS course instructors.
Prevention and Public Education: Focusing on public health aspects.
EMS Research: Emphasizing the need for evidence-based practices.
 Common Emergencies
Animal Bites
Clean the wound with soap and water.
Apply an antibiotic ointment and cover with a
clean bandage.
Seek medical attention if the bite is deep,
bleeding heavily, or from a wild or unknown
animal.
 Common Emergencies
Snakebites
Keep the person calm and immobile to slow the
spread of venom.
Remove any tight clothing or jewelry near the
bite.
Seek immediate medical attention and try to
identify the snake if possible.
 Common Emergencies
Spider Bites
Wash the bite with soap and water.
Apply a cold compress to reduce pain and
swelling.
Seek medical attention if the bite develops signs
of infection or if the person experiences severe
symptoms.
 Common Emergencies
Scorpion Stings
Wash the sting site with soap and water.
Apply a cold compress to reduce pain and
swelling.
Seek medical attention if the person experiences
severe symptoms or has a known allergy to
scorpion stings.
First Aid for Animal Bites

Immediate Actions Precautions

Wash the wound gently Avoid provoking the animal further.
with soap and water. Seek medical attention if the bite
Apply an antiseptic or is deep, bleeding heavily, or shows
antibiotic ointment to signs of infection.
prevent infection. Report the incident to the
Cover the wound with a appropriate authorities, especially if
clean dressing or the animal is unknown or
bandage. potentially dangerous
First Aid for Snake Bites
Immediate Actions
Stay calm and reassure the victim
to prevent panic.
Keep the affected area still and
below the heart level to slow down
the spread of venom.
Remove any tight clothing or
jewelry near the bite site.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Precautions
Do not try to catch or kill the snake
for identification purposes.
Do not apply a tourniquet or ice to
the bite site.
Do not suck out the venom or
make incisions on the bite site.
Do not use a venom extraction
pump.
First Aid for Snake Bites
mmediate Actions
If bitten by a spider, it is important
to take immediate actions to
minimize the effects of the bite.
Clean the bite area with soap
and water.
Apply a cold compress or ice
pack to reduce swelling.
Elevate the affected area if
possible.
Precautions
It is important to take certain
precautions after a spider bite to
prevent further complications.
Avoid scratching the bite area to
prevent infection.
Keep the bite area clean and dry.
Monitor for any signs of allergic
reaction or infection.
 Burns
Types of Burns and First Aid
Second-Degree Burn Third-Degree Burn
First-Degree Burn

Superficial burn affecting the
outermost layer of skin
To do:
1. Cool the burn with cool
running water for at least 10
minutes
2. Cover the burn with a sterile
non-stick dressing
3. Take over-the-counter pain
relievers if necessary.
Affects the outermost layer of skin Affects all layers of the skin and may
and the layer underneath involve underlying tissues
To do: To do:
1. Cool the burn with cool running 1. Call emergency services
water for at least 10 minutes immediately
2. Cover the burn with a sterile non- 2. Do not apply water or any other
stick dressing substance to the burn
3. Seek medical attention if the burn is 3. Cover the burn with a clean, dry
larger than 3 inches in diameter or if it cloth or non-stick dressing
is on the face, hands, feet, genitals, or 4. Elevate the burned area if possible
a major joint. 5. Monitor the person's breathing and
provide CPR if necessary
First Aid for First-Degree Burns
Proper First Aid Procedures
First-degree burns are superficial burns that only
affect the outer layer of the skin. They are typically
caused by brief contact with a hot object or a mild
sunburn. Here are the proper first aid procedures
for treating first-degree burns:
Cool the burn with cool (not cold) running
water for at least 10 minutes.
Cover the burn with a sterile, non-stick
dressing or a clean cloth.
Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as
ibuprofen, to help reduce pain and
inflammation.
Avoid applying ice, butter, oil, or ointments to
the burn as they can trap heat and delay
healing.
What Not to Do
When it comes to first-degree burns, there are
certain things you should avoid doing to prevent
further damage and complications:
Do not use ice or very cold water to cool
the burn, as it can cause further damage to
the skin.
Do not pop any blisters that may form, as
they act as a natural barrier against
infection.
Do not apply adhesive bandages or adhesive
tape directly to the burn, as it can stick to
the skin and cause further damage when
removed.
First Aid for Second-Degree Burns
Proper First Aid Procedures
When providing first aid for second-degree burns,
it is important to follow these steps:
1. Move the person away from the source of the
burn and ensure their safety.
2. Cool the burn with cool (not cold) running
water for at least 10 minutes.
3. Cover the burn with a sterile non-stick dressing
or a clean cloth.
4. Seek medical attention if the burn is larger
than 3 inches in diameter, affects the face,
hands, feet, or genitals, or if the person is
experiencing severe pain or difficulty breathing.
What Not to Do
When providing first aid for second-degree
burns, it is important to avoid the following:
Do not use ice or very cold water to cool
the burn, as it can cause further damage to
the skin.
Do not apply adhesive bandages directly to
the burn, as they can stick to the skin and
cause further injury when removed.
Do not pop any blisters that may have
formed on the burn, as they act as a natural
barrier against infection
First Aid for Third-Degree Burns
roper First Aid Procedures
For third-degree burns, it is crucial to follow these
first aid procedures:
1. Call emergency services immediately.
2. Do not remove any clothing stuck to the burn.
3. Cover the burn with a clean, non-stick dressing
or cloth.
4. Elevate the burned area if possible.
5. Do not apply any creams, ointments, or ice to
the burn.
What Not to Do
It is important to avoid these actions when
providing first aid for third-degree burns:
1. Do not use ice or very cold water on the
burn.
2. Do not pop any blisters that may form on
the burn.
3. Do not apply adhesive bandages directly to
the burn
Chemical Burns
First Aid for Chemical Burns
Chemical burns can occur when the skin comes into
contact with harmful substances. It's important to
respond quickly and take the following steps:
Remove any contaminated clothing or jewelry, but be
careful not to touch the affected area with bare
hands.
Flush the affected area with cool running water for
at least 20 minutes. This helps to remove the
chemical and minimize the damage.
Cover the burn with a clean, dry cloth or sterile
dressing to protect it from infection.
Seek medical attention or contact poison control for
further guidance
Electrical Injuries
First Aid for Electrical Injuries
When responding to electrical injuries, it is crucial to prioritize safety and take the following
steps:
1. Ensure your own safety by turning off the power source before approaching the injured
person.
2. If the power cannot be turned off, use a non-conductive object like a wooden broom or a
rubber mat to separate the injured person from the electrical source.
3. Call emergency services immediately and provide them with all relevant information,
including the nature of the electrical injury and the person's condition.
4. Do not touch the person until the power is turned off or the person is separated from the
electrical source.
5. If the person is unconscious and not breathing, begin CPR immediately while waiting for
emergency services to arrive.
 Heat-related Emergencies: Signs, Symptoms,
and First Aid Measures
Heat Stroke Heat Exhaustion Heat Cramps
High body temperature (above
103°F/39.4°C), hot and dry Heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, Muscle cramps or spasms, usually in
skin, rapid pulse, throbbing headache, pale or clammy skin, nausea the abdomen, arms, or legs, heavy
headache, dizziness, or vomiting, fast and weak pulse, sweating
confusion, unconsciousness muscle cramps
First aid measures:
First aid measures: First aid measures:
Move the person to a cooler place, rest
Call 911 immediately, move the Move the person to a cooler place, and gently stretch the affected
person to a cooler place, loosen or remove tight clothing, cool muscles, provide cool water or
remove excess clothing, cool the person with cool water or wet electrolyte drinks, do not give salt
the person with cool water or towels, fan air on them, give them tablets
ice packs, fan air on them, small sips of water
monitor their temperature
.
Fractures, Spinal Injuries, Muscle Injuries,
and Seizures
Fractures
Fractures are breaks or cracks in bones. They
can be caused by falls, accidents, or sports
injuries.
Fractures, Spinal Injuries, Muscle Injuries,
and Seizures
Spinal Injuries
Spinal injuries can occur from falls, accidents, or
trauma to the back. They can result in paralysis
or loss of sensation in the body..
Fractures, Spinal Injuries, Muscle Injuries,
and Seizures
Muscle Injuries
Muscle injuries can be strains, sprains, or tears
in the muscles. The RICE method (Rest, Ice,
Compression, Elevation) is commonly used for
muscle injury treatment.
Fractures, Spinal Injuries, Muscle Injuries,
and Seizures
Seizures
Seizures are sudden, uncontrolled electrical
disturbances in the brain. They can cause
convulsions, loss of consciousness, and
involuntary movements.
 First Aid Skills
Bandaging
Apply direct pressure to control bleeding.
Clean the wound before applying a sterile dressing.

Splinting
Stabilize the injured area by using a rigid object as a splint.
Secure the splint in place with bandages or tape.

Moving/Rescuing
Assess the situation and ensure your safety before attempting to move or
rescue someone.
Use proper lifting techniques to avoid injury to yourself and the victim.
 Learning Activity
Bandaging and Splinting Activity
For this learning activity, you will practice bandaging and splinting techniques. Watch
the video clips linked below for reference before starting the activity.
Video Clips:
How to Apply a Bandage - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUCo4XXzZIE
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwfBGkBXkFA

Splinting Techniques - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEahSlgbQZc

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZrhOC8jHeRA
Learning Assessment
Directions
Your return demonstration through video clip on bandaging and splinting in this
lesson will serve as your assessment. It will be graded by your Instructor.
Correctness, accuracy and mastery are some criteria on judging your task.
A
Learning References
Online resources
Online Resources

1. (2012). Emergency Medical Services NC II Modules, Asian Center for Emergency Preparedness Inc.
Quezon City.

2. Scotese, Barbara A. (2005) First Aid Guide Fourth Edition. American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons.
Jones and Barlett Publishers

3. https://www.aclsmedicaltraining.com/bls-and-acls-surveys/ Retrieved July 29, 2020

Any questions?
Thank you!