CERTIFICATE

Miss. Chitramoni Sonowal

To, the secretary
Assam Higher Secondary Education Council.
This is to certify that Abhishek Kumar Sharma has
completed this project entitled, “Study of the rate of
evaporation of different liquids” under my guidance and
supervision, which we have submitted for Assam Higher
Secondary Education Council.

This project work is the result of his own

investigation into the problem. He has fulfilled all the
requirements. This project or any part of it has not been
submitted by the candidates to any other School / College
/ Institution for any other degree.

Miss. Chitramoni Sonowal

 CERTIFICATE
Miss. Chitramoni Sonowal
To, the secretary
Assam Higher Secondary Education Council.
This is to certify that Abhishek Kumar Sharma has
completed this project entitled, “Study of the rate of
evaporation of different liquids” under my guidance and
supervision, which we have submitted to Assam Higher
Secondary Education Council.

This project work is the result of his own

investigation into the problem. He has fulfilled all the
requirements. This project or any part of it has not been
submitted by the candidates to any other School / College
/ Institution for any other degree.

Miss. Chitramoni Sonowal

 CONTENTS

SL. NO. TOPICS PAGE NO.

1 AIM OF THE PROJECT 1

2 REQUIREMENTS 1

3 INTRODUCTION 1

4 THEORY 2

5 PROCEDURE 3

6 OBSERVATIONS AND 4
CALCULATION

7 CONCLUSION 4
AIM OF THE PROJECT: To compare the rate of
evaporation of water, ethanol and
diethyl ether.

REQUIREMENTS
Apparatus : Three weighing bottles, 10mL pipette,
stop watch, balance and weights.
Chemicals : Ethanol, diethyl ether and distilled
water.

INTRODUCTION

When a liquid is kept in an open container, it slowly

escapes into the gas phase. Eventually, the container gets
empty. This phenomenon of the conversion of liquid
molecules from the surface of the liquid into the vapour
state is known as evaporation. Evaporation is a
surface phenomenon as it takes place from the
surface of the liquid only.

1
 THEORY
The molecules at the surface of a liquid do not
possess same kinetic energy, some possess more,
while some possess low kinetic energy. Only those
molecules having sufficient kinetic energy can
overcome the intermolecular force of attraction and
pass on to the vapour state.
The rate of evaporation of a liquid depends on a
number of factors:-
(i) Intermolecular forces : The more the
intermolecular forces between the liquid molecules,
the more the kinetic energy required to overcome the
same. Hence, rate of evaporation of a liquid
decreases as the intermolecular forces increases.
Thus, diethyl ether evaporates faster than ethanol,
which in turn evaporates faster than water.
(ii) Surface area of the liquid : Since evaporation is
a surface phenomenon, so, more the surface area of
the liquid, the more is the rate of evaporation. Thus, a
liquid evaporates faster from a beaker than from a
test tube.
(iii) Temperature : As the temperature increases, the
fraction of molecules possessing higher kinetic
energy increases and more liquid molecules pass on
to the vapour state. Hence, the rate of evaporation
increases with rise in temperature.

2
 PROCEDURE
(i) Clean and dry three weighing bottles and mark them as
A, B and C.

(ii) Pipette out 10mL of each of each of ethanol, diethyl

ether and distilled water and put them in weighing bottles
A, B and C respectively and stopper them properly.

(iii) Weigh each of the bottles with the stopper and the liquid
and note down the weights.

(iv) Remove the stoppers of all the bottles and start the stop
watch.

(v) Allow the liquids to get evaporated for 30 minutes.

Weigh the bottles along with the stopper and liquid left.
Note down the weights.

3
 Observations and calculation
Room temperature =26⁰ C

Weighting Liquid Initial Final mass Mass of Rate of

of bottle liquid
bottle taken mass of evaporated evaporation
bottle +liquid left (𝑚1 − 𝑚2 ) (𝑚1 − 𝑚2 )
+liquid (m2) 30
(m)
A Ethanol 27.1122 g 26.96689 g 0.14 g 0.0047g min-1

B Diethyl 24.8563 g 24.34 g 0.52 g 0.0173g min-1

Ether

C Water 28.9518 g 28.90 g 0.5 g

0.0017g min-1

CONCLUSION
The rate of evaporation of liquids is in the following
order:
B>A>C

Thus, more is the intermolecular forces between the

liquids molecules, less is the rate of evaporation.

4
 Declaration
This project work is done by me under the guidance
of Miss Chitramoni Sonowal , lecturer Dept. of
Chemistry, Moran Junior College, Moranhat.

This part therefore was not submitted by me for my

degree to this college for any other
college/school/institution.

Date : - Abhishek Kumar Sharma

 Acknowledgement

I take this opportunity to express my deep sense

of gratitude to my project guide Miss Chitramoni
Sonowal, lecturer, Dept. of Chemistry, Moran Junior
College for her valuable guidance , constant supervisions
and suggestion at every stage of my project work.

I also thank Umesh Gogoi, our laboratory bearer

for his various help.