Chapter 5

Analog modulation and

demodulation
Amplitude modulations: AM, DSB, SSB
Angle modulations: FM, PM
 5.1 Introduction
 Reason has modulate signal when transmit news:
- Change news according to characteristics of chanel (
bandwith, noise, decline…)
- Use effectly chanel
- Increase capacities against noise to news
 Modulations:
- Continuous modulations : amplitude, angle
- Pulse modulations: PAM, PWM, PPM; PCM, Delta
 Realize continuous modulations is change one of
parametes of carrier (amplitude, angle) following
news:
Owing to modulation which analyses two news having overlapped spectrum
 Electric current ofû diode:

Voltage of diode consist

of 2 DC vaø AC
components :

Suppose

Component AC:

Active
Reactance:
5.2 Amplitude Modulation and Amplitude Demodulation
Amplitude: AM, DSB, SSB
5.2.1 Amplitude modulation AM:

Carrier: c(t )  A sin C t

news

Signal AM:

Modulation m
coefficient:
 m

C

Am
2

C  m C  m
When modulated signal has frequency
component

m1 m 2 C  m 2 C  m 2

C  m1 C  m1
Diagram of AM
Modulation at low power level

Modulation at high power level

Amplitude modulation by Diode

News

Carrier

Voltage on diode: (*)

AC component
through diode:
Suppose

LC creates bandpass filter around

Remaining components can pass transformer :

Voltage on RL:

Modulation
coefficient

Out voltage
AM modulation circuit at C:
Mixer

* Mixer by diode: (maïch 1)

* Mixer by diode: (maïch 2)
* Mixer by 4 diode: (balance modulator)

ÔÛ baùn kyø döông cuûa VL:

ÔÛ baùn kyø aâm cuûa VL:
Power decline:

Hai bieân taàn: Moät bieân taàn:

* Mixer by BJT vaø FET
5.2.2 DSB modulation :

Balance modulator

Vm (t ) V0 [C  m ]

VC (t )  sin C t

Advantage: don’t transmite carrierkhoâng phaùt di soùng mang -> reduce

power
Disadvantage: difficulty demodulation
5.2.3 SSB:

Advantage : highest performance

lowest bandwith
Disvantage : dificulty demodalation
5.2.4 AM demodulation
* Envolope detector
* Synchronous detector
5.2.5 Angle modulation and demodulation (FM, PM)

x(t ) dx(t ) yPM (t )

FM
dt

x(t ) yFM (t )
 x(t )dt PM
* Frequency modulation
(FM)

* Modulation FM by VCO

* Modulation FM by PLL
* Demodulation FM:

* Demodulation FM by change into AM signal

yFM (t )
x(t )
C1
Phase detector LPF

C2 L1

* Quadrature detector
yFM (t ) x(t )
Phase LPF
detector

VCO

* Demodulation FM by PLL