Chapter 8 Internal Forced Convection

8-51 Air enters a rectangular duct. The exit temperature of the air, the rate of heat transfer, and the fan
power are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 The inner surfaces of the duct are smooth. 3 Air is an
ideal gas with constant properties. 4 The pressure of air in the duct is 1 atm.
Properties We assume the bulk mean temperature for air to be 40°C since the mean temperature of air at
the inlet will drop somewhat as a result of heat loss through the duct whose surface is at a lower
temperature. The properties of air at this temperature and 1 atm are (Table A-15)
ρ = 1.127 kg/m 3 C p = 1007 J/kg.°C
k = 0.02662 W/m.°C Pr = 0.7255 Ts = 10°C

υ = 1.702 × 10 -5 m 2 /s Air duct

Analysis (a) The hydraulic diameter, the mean velocity of air, and 15 cm × 20 cm
the Reynolds number are
4 Ac 4(015. m)(0.20 m)
Dh = = = 01714
. m
P 2 (015. m) + (0.20 m)
Air L=7m
V D (7 m/s)(0.1714 m) 50°C
Re = m h = −
= 70,525 7 m/s
υ 1.702 ×10 m /s
5 2

which is greater than 10,000. Therefore, the flow is turbulent and the entry lengths in this case are roughly
Lh ≈ Lt ≈ 10 D h = 10(0.1714 m) = 1.714 m
which is much shorter than the total length of the duct. Therefore, we can assume fully developed turbulent
flow in the entire duct, and determine the Nusselt number from
hDh
Nu = = 0.023 Re 0.8 Pr 0.3 = 0.023(70,525)0.8 (0.7255)0.3 = 158.0
k
Heat transfer coefficient is
k 0.02662 W/m.°C
h= Nu = (158.0) = 24.53 W/m 2 .°C
Dh 0.1714 m
Next we determine the exit temperature of air
As = 2 × 7[(0.15 m) + (0.20 m)] = 4.9 m 2
Ac = (0.15 m)(0.20 m) = 0.03 m 2
m& = ρVAc = (1.127 kg/m 3 )(7 m/s)(0.03 m 2 ) = 0.2367 kg/s
( 24.53)( 4.9 )
−
− hAs /( m& C p )
Te = Ts − (Ts − Ti )e = 10 − (10 − 50)e ( 0.2367 )(1007 )
= 34.2°C
(b) The logarithmic mean temperature difference and the rate of heat loss from the air are
Te − Ti 34.2 − 50
ΔTln = = = 31.42°C
⎛ T s − Te ⎞ ⎛ 10 − 34.2 ⎞
ln⎜⎜ ⎟ ln⎜
⎟
⎟
⎝ Ts − Ti ⎠ ⎝ 10 − 50 ⎠
Q& = hAs ΔTln = (24.53 W/m 2 .°C)(4.9 m 2 )(31.42°C) = 3776 W
(c) The friction factor, the pressure drop, and then the fan power can be
determined for the case of fully developed turbulent flow to be
f = 0.184 Re−0.2 = 0.184(70,525)−0.2 = 0.01973
L ρVm 2 (7 m) (1.127 kg/m 3 )(7 m/s ) 2
ΔP = f = 0.01973 = 22.25 N/m 2
D 2 (0.1714 m) 2
m& ΔP (0.2367 kg/s )(22.25 N/m 2 )
W& pump = = = 4.67 W
ρ 1.127 kg/m 3

8-52 "!PROBLEM 8-52"

8-27