LS-DYNA Theory Manual Material Models

Figure 19.78.3.

Material Model 79: Hysteretic Soil

This model is a nested surface model with five superposed “layers” of elasto-perfectly
plastic material, each with its own elastic modulii and yield values. Nested surface models give
hysteretic behavior, as the different “layers” yield at different stresses.
The constants a0 , a1 , a2 govern the pressure sensitivity of the yield stress. Only the
ratios between these values are important - the absolute stress values are taken from the stress-
strain curve.
The stress strain pairs ( γ 1, τ 1) , ... ( γ 5, τ 5) define a shear stress versus shear strain
curve. The first point on the curve is assumed by default to be (0,0) and does not need to be
entered. The slope of the curve must decrease with increasing γ . Not all five points need be to
be defined. This curve applies at the reference pressure; at other pressures the curve varies
according to a0 , a1 , and a2 as in the soil and crushable foam model, Material 5.
The elastic moduli G and K are pressure sensitive.

G = G0 ( p − p0 )
b

K = K 0 ( p − p0 )
b

where G0 and K 0 are the input values, p is the current pressure, p0 the cut-off or reference
pressure (must be zero or negative). If p attempts to fall below p0 (i.e., more tensile) the shear
stresses are set to zero and the pressure is set to p0 . Thus, the material has no stiffness or
strength in tension. The pressure in compression is calculated as follows:

p = ª¬ − K 0 ln (V ) º¼
1
1−b

where V is the relative volume, i.e., the ratio between the original and current volume.

19.117