Skeletal system review

1. Special form of connective tissues made of 3 main parts : cells, fibers , ground substances.
2. 3 types of cartilages- hyline, firbo and elastin.
Hyaline- larnyx, articular surface of joints ,knee elbow
Elastin- ear, larynx,
Firbo- public synphasis, intervertebral disc
3.feature of cartilage - what type of cells they arrive from a- meschemal cells.
Blood supply- poor blood supply

4. Special name of extracelluar mitrix of bone .- oestoid

Which cell is responsible for synthesized oestoid .- oestoblast
5. First type of bone layed down after a fracture - woven bones
6. Define fracture - partial break in the bone
7. After its modified. Lamellar bone
Woven bone is now its layed down then its converted to lamellar bone
8. Name of fibrous structure covering bone .- periosteum
9. Periosteum and endosteum have osteogenic cells so they can regenerate bones. When periosteum is lost ,
the ability to regenerate that bone is lost
10. Osteogenic cella can also be found in epiphyseal .
11. Some unique features of periosteum- protects the bone , muscles tendon and ligaments insert into . It’s
vascularized .
12. Functions of bone - protects internal organ, hematopoiesis, movements, upright support , attachments ,
growth and Calcium storage
13. Hormone responsible for regulating the concentration of calcium in the blood steam ?- parathyroid and
calcitonin.
How do oeatoeclasts respond to parathyroid hormone ? They respond by increasing calcium level
How does oestoeclast respond so calcitonin? They decrease the calcium level.
Oestoclast break down bones
Osteoclasts- They also phagocytic, organic acids dissolved Minerals , lysosome destroy organic mitrix.

14. 3 types of cells trapped in lacunae? - osteoblasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes

How they are formed? - in the bone , a new bones is layer down , osteoblasts and osteoacytes, as they synthe-
size the new bone , they become trapped , so Concentric rings are formed and they become trapped in the
middle and osteoclasts dissolve the bones around them. And become trapped, and are referred to as lacunae.

15. Which type of collagen is most common in the bone ? Type 1

16. Where organelle is it made in ? rEr
17. In the process of endochondral ossification ,One substance inhibits this deposition and one that neutral-
izes it . What are those two things ? - the pyrophosphate inhibits the deposition while the alkaline phosphate
neutralizes it

18. Diagram labels -

A- center of secondary ossification
B-Growth plate / epihysial plate / physis
C- Diaphysis / medulla
D- cortical plate
E- epiphysis

19. True or false

The synovium can be considered an epithelial structure? False - it doesn’t not Lie on the basement mem-
brane. The cells aren’t connected to each other .

20. No synovial joints - 3 types ( syndesmoses , synchondrosis, symphyses)

desmo means to join
Osteo refer to bone
21 . Endochondrial ossification