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WOOD USED IN ARCHITECTURE

Natural wood has certain properties that make it an

attractive building material:

❖ Natural warmth - to the touch; wood insulates

❖ Workability, easily shaped with simple tools
❖ Infinite variety; no two trees, or even pieces from the
same tree, are alike
❖ strength-to-weight ratio for bridges, boats, homes,
furniture
❖ Flexibility; watch how huge trees bend before the wind
❖ Fire protection; wood chars and therefore burns slowly,
doesn’t melt or crumble
WOOD AS A BUILDING MATERIAL ❖ Color: natural, through wood’s ability to receive many
JFeraer, uap types of stains and finishes

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STRUCTURE OF WOOD
WOOD USED IN ARCHITECTURE
Sapwood
CLASSIFICATION OF WOOD - is the softer, younger outer portion
Woods are generally classified into: of a tree that lies between the
cambium (formative layer just under
a. Softwoods come from the conifers (evergreens) the bark) and the heartwood.
which have needles instead of leaves, e.g. pine
- It is more permeable, less durable
b. Hardwoods come from the broad-leaved or and usually lighter in color than the
deciduous trees. Most Philippine timber are of this heartwood.
latter kind

The terms “hardwood” and “softwood” are often

misleading because they have no direct relation to the
actual physical hardness or softness of the wood, so that
a hardwood may actually be softer than a softwood.

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STRUCTURE OF WOOD PROPERTIES OF WOOD

Sapwood
- the portion of the log near
the periphery which is a.Hardness. This is measured by the
generally lighter in color compression which a piece of timber
than the central portion. undergoes when a weight is applied to it.
- contains living cells and
takes an active part in the a.Flexibility. The amount of piece will bend
life process of a tree. before breaking . Softwoods are generally
- Because it contains more brittle while most hardwoods are flexible.
organic matter than the
central core of the log, it a.Strength
is more susceptible to
blueing fungi and wood-
boring insects, and is not a.Durability.
durable.

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DEFECTS OF WOOD
WOOD USED IN ARCHITECTURE
a. Decay – Caused by the attack DEFECTS OF WOOD
of fungi.
DECAY d. Knots – These are irregular
growths in the body of a tree
b. Checks –Cracks or lengthwise which interrupt the smooth
separation across the annual curve of the grain. The fibers of
rings of growth caused by the tree are turned from their
irregular shrinkage during drying. normal course and grow around
Checks are formed when the the knot at that point of the tree.
circumference shrinks more than
the interior section of the log. e.Pitchpockets – These are well-
KNOTS
defined openings between annual
c. Shakes – These are cracks rings containing solid or liquid
between and parallel to the pitch.
annual rings of the growth.
f. Wane – This is the lack of wood
on the edge or corner of a piece.

SHAKES PITCHPOCKETS

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DEFECTS OF WOOD METHODS

g. Warping - Any variation with OF SAWING WOOD
the plane surface of the piece
caused by unequal shrinkage
of the board. There are https://www.grandior.net/what-is-
the-difference-between-plain-sawn-
several forms of warp: quarter-sawn-rift-sawn-and-live-
sawn-lumber/
Crook –a distortion of the board
in which the edge is convex or
concave longitudinal.
Bow –a distortion of the
board in which the face is
convex or concave
longitudinal.
Cup –a distortion of the board
in which the face is convex or
concave across the board.
Twist –a distortion of the board
in which one corner is raised.

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METHODS OF SAWING WOOD METHODS OF SAWING WOOD

A log of wood can be cut in two different ways to make
lumber:
b. Quartersawing
a. Plainsawing
refers to lumber cut tangent to the annual rings or growth
refers to wood cut radially to the
or, in commercial practice, cut with annual rings at an angle annual rings of growth parallel
0° to 45°. to the rays or, in commercial
practice, cut with the annual
Plainsawn lumber is preferable when a pleasing pattern is
growth rings at an angle 45° to
required, as in wall paneling.
90°.

Quartersawn lumber is
desirable because it has less
shrinkage than plainsawn
lumber, and this is important
where joints must be kept tight.

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LUMBER
METHODS OF SAWING WOOD CLASSIFICATION OF LUMBER
Wood that is used in construction is called LUMBER.

Lumber is classified by its size or dimensions measured

Rift sawn wood can be in inches, for example, a piece of lumber measuring 2
manufactured either as a inches by 4 inches is called 2 x 4.
compliment to quarter sawn
Generally, they are available in even-numbered widths:
lumber or logs can be cut
4, 6, 8, 10,12 inches.
specifically as rift sawn. In rift
sawn lumber the annual rings There are four available classifications of lumber:
are typically between 30-60 a. Strips. Lumber less than 2” thick and less than 8”
degrees, with 45 degrees wide.
being optimum. Manufactured b. Board Lumber. Pieces less than 2” thick and at
least 8” wide.
by milling perpendicular to the c. Dimension Lumber. Pieces more than 2” and less
log’s growth rings producing a than 5” in any dimension.
linear grain pattern with no d. Timbers. Pieces 5” or more on the smallest
dimension
flecking.

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KINDS OF ROOFING

WOOD ROOFING

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WOOD SHINGLES AND SHAKES WOOD SHINGLE

✕Wood Shingles are saw-cut and

have smooth flat surfaces while
Wood Shakes are split (by hand
or machine) to produce a
thicker and more irregular
product.

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WOOD SHAKES WOOD SHINGLE

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INSTALLING ROOF SHEATING ACTUAL CONSTRUCTION

✕ Roof boards are used for

sheating under
materials that require
solid and continuous
support such as asphalt
shingles, composition
roofing and metal sheet
roofing. Closed roof
sheating is used for
wood shingles.

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VALLEY AND RIDGE

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WOOD-LIKE ROOFING

FLOORING

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T & G FLOORING
✕ The Tounge and Groove which are popularly
known as T & G is generally specified for wood
flooring.

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(rodapis)

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FRAMING

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BRIDGING

✕ Small wood or metal

members inserted in a
diagonal position
between the floor joists.
MOULDING
They brace the joists
and spread the loads.

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TYPES WOOD
Astragal A molding, attached to one of a pair of swinging
MOULDINGS
(Batidura) doors, against which the other door strikes.
French doors use this as the stop.

CORNICE

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GATE

MWBPI COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CENTER & CAMPSITE

(Abra De Ilog, Occidental Mindoro)

WOOD USAGE

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TRUSSES

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WINDOWS

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ACTIVITY (BOND PAPER A4/LETTER)

✕ 2 TYPES OF SOFT WOOD AND 2 TYPES OF HARDWOOD

❑ PICTURES/SKECTH (LEAF OR THE WHOLE TREE)
❑ DESCRIPTION
❑ LOCATION (WHERE INSIDE CAMPUS)

RESEARCH (PPT) ON OR BEFORE NEXT MEETING

✕ SEASONING OF LUMBER
✕ WOOD COMPOSITES
✕ 2 SAMPLES OF ACTUAL USE OF WOOD IN HOUSES OR BUILDING

✕ FILE NAME – SURNAMENAMER1BT1 FeraerJaypeeR1BT1

✕ Send to jaypee.feraer@cvsu.edu.ph
✕ Wrong file name will not be accepted and shall have a grade of Zero (0)

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