Report

(Heat and Mass Transfer project)

Supervisor: Battulga Nasanjargal

Submitted by: Team #2
Tuguldur Shinebayar
Khuselbayar Oyunbold
Oyunpurev Ariunaa
Batmunkh Tuvshinjargal
Maral Enkhbold

Date: 12/12/2023

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Table of Contents

Introduction 2
Purpose of Heat Control Mechanical Room 2
Components of Heat Control Mechanical Room 4
Pressurized membrane tank 6
Heat exchanger 6
Pump 8
Collector 9
Scheme/Layout of the Room 10
Problem identification and Calculation 11
Maintenance and Upkeep for Heat Control of Dormitory (D, E block) 13
Conclusion 14
Appendix 16

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Introduction

In the pursuit of optimizing thermal management systems, this project undertakes

a multifaceted approach aimed at enhancing the operational efficacy of a heat controlling
room. The side-objectives within this project encompass the identification and labeling of
inlet and outlet lines, the drafting of a comprehensive Piping and Instrumentation (P&I)
diagram, and the strategic formulation of improvement proposals geared towards
augmenting the efficiency of heat transfer processes within the designated framework.

It is impossible to overestimate the importance of an effective heat-control system,

especially in commercial and industrial environments where thermal regulation is critical
to energy conservation and operational dependability. Through the completion of the
tasks listed below, this project aims to both define the current infrastructure and suggest
novel approaches to enhance the overall heat transfer efficiency, which will help optimize
the controlled environment's operational functionality.

In this report, each task is delineated, and methodologies employed for the precise
labeling and diagrammatic representation of the heat controlling room's infrastructure are
expounded upon. Moreover, recommendations for advancing heat transfer efficiency are
proposed, leveraging contemporary advancements and best practices within the domain.

Purpose of Heat Control Mechanical Room

The Heat Control Mechanical Room stands as the foundational hub within the
infrastructure, housing an amalgamation of sophisticated machinery and systems
indispensable for the meticulous regulation and manipulation of thermal dynamics within
an operational framework. Its primary purpose is to serve as the operational nucleus
orchestrating the intricate interplay of mechanical components, systems, and controls
essential for the management, distribution, and optimization of thermal energy.

This specialized room is engineered to accommodate a plethora of equipment,

including but not limited to boilers, chillers, pumps, valves, and associated
instrumentation. Its significance lies in facilitating the generation, distribution, and
redirection of thermal energy throughout the designated environment, ensuring precise
and efficient temperature regulation.

The core objectives of the Heat Control Mechanical Room encompass the
seamless coordination and functionality of thermal control systems, thereby guaranteeing

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the reliability, safety, and operational efficiency of interconnected processes and
machinery. By maintaining prescribed temperature levels, mitigating fluctuations, and
supporting the operational functionality of auxiliary systems, this room serves as an
indispensable cog in the operational machinery of industrial and commercial
establishments.

In essence, the Heat Control Mechanical Room is a convergence of cutting-edge

technology and meticulous engineering, playing a pivotal role in ensuring the sustained
operational integrity, performance, and efficiency of the broader thermal management
infrastructure.

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 Components of Heat Control Mechanical Room
The heat control room comprises a comprehensive system involving four essential
components. These components, namely the circulation pump, pressurized membrane
tank, heat exchanger, and collector, are fundamental constituents contributing to the
intricate orchestration of thermal management within the designated space. Each
component serves a distinct yet interconnected purpose, collectively facilitating the
intricate processes associated with heat regulation and control in a sophisticated and
efficient manner.

Table 1:Components of Heat Control Mechanical Room

Numb Name Number of pieces Name /Mongolian/ Model - Brand Reference

er Figure
1 Pressurized 1 Даралтат мембран PMT, BESTANK Figure 1
Membrane Tank сав International
2 Heat Exchanger 1 Ялтасан бойлур #1 Alfa Laval M10-MFM Figure 3
#1

3 Heat Exchanger 1 Ялтасан бойлур #2 Alfa Laval M6-MFM Figure 5

#2

4 Pump #1 2 Насoс #1 CNP Light Vertical Figure 7

Multistage Centrifugal
Pump

5 Pump #2 3 Насос #2 CNP In-line Figure 9

Circulation Pump

6 Pump #3 2 Насос #3 Shinhoo circulation Figure 12

Pump

7 Collector 2 Цуглуулагч — Figure

13,14

4
Parameter Value

Mass Flow Rate of Hot Inlet from Thermal Station (ṁ 1 ) m3

5.84
h
Mass Flow Rate of Hot Fluid for Heat Exchanger #1 (ṁ 2 ) -

Mass Flow Rate of Hot Fluid to Heat Exchanger #2 (ṁ 3 ) -

Mass Flow Rate of Cold Fluid to Heat Exchanger #1 (m2̇ ′) -

Mass Flow Rate of Cold Fluid to Heat Exchanger #2 (m3̇ ′) -

Temperature of Hot Inlet for Heat Exchanger #1 (Tℎ𝑖1 ) 84℃

Temperature of Hot Outlet for Heat Exchanger #1 (Tℎ𝑜1 ) 42.5℃

Temperature of Hot Inlet for Heat Exchanger #2 (Tℎ𝑖2 ) 77℃

Temperature of Hot Outlet for Heat Exchanger #2 (Tℎ𝑜2 ) 45℃

Temperature of Cold Inlet for Heat Exchanger #1 (T𝑐𝑖1 ) 41℃

Temperature of Cold Outlet for Heat Exchanger #1 (T𝑐𝑜1 ) 46℃

Temperature of Cold Inlet for Heat Exchanger #2 (T𝑐𝑖2 ) 45℃

Temperature of Cold Outlet for Heat Exchanger #2 (T𝑐𝑜2 ) 35℃

Pressure of Hot Inlet from Thermal Station (Pℎ𝑖 ) 2bar

Pressure of Hot Inlet for Heat Exchanger #1 (Pℎ𝑖1 ) 2bar

Pressure of Hot Outlet for Heat Exchanger #1 (Pℎ𝑜1 ) 2bar

Pressure of Hot Inlet for Heat Exchanger #2 (Pℎ𝑖2 ) 2bar

Pressure of Hot Outlet for Heat Exchanger #2 (Pℎ𝑜2 ) 2bar

Pressure of Cold Inlet for Heat Exchanger #1 (P𝑐𝑖1 ) 8bar

Pressure of Cold Outlet for Heat Exchanger #1 (P𝑐𝑜1 ) 8bar

Pressure of Cold Inlet for Heat Exchanger #2 (P𝑐𝑖2 ) 8bar

Pressure of Cold Outlet for Heat Exchanger #2 (P𝑐𝑜2 ) 8bar

Table 2: Measured data

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Pressurized membrane tank

Pressurized membrane tank with a maximum working pressure of 10 bar and a precharge
pressure of 4 bar.With function of
controlling pressure with electric issue.
In other words, it provides pressure to
the system when an electric cut-off
situation occurs.

Figure 1: Pressurized Membrane Tank Figure 2: Capacities of Pressurized Membrane Tank

Heat exchanger

There are two types of plate heat exchangers. The first plate heat exchanger, the
bigger one (Figure:2), is for heating the water in the heater in the dormitory. The other
one, the smaller one (Figure: 3), is for heating the water supply of the dormitory. The
exchangers absorb thermal energy of hot water coming from thermal station and make
hot water into cold. Using that absorbed energy to heat the heating system of the
dormitory. Each exchanger has 2 inlets and 2 outlets.

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 Heat exchanger with 14 meter
square.

Figure 3:Heat Exchanger #1 Figure 4:Capacities of Heat Exchanger #1

Heat exchanger with 7 meter square

Figure 6: Heat exchanger #2 Figure 5: Capacities of Heat exchanger #2

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Pump
In the heat controlling room, there are three distinct types of pumps, each serving
specific functions. The first pump (Figure 9) is dedicated to enhancing the fluid velocity
within the heating system, optimizing its efficiency. Meanwhile, the remaining two pumps
(Figure 7, 12) are specifically designed
for dispensing potable water, ensuring a
reliable and clean water supply for
consumption within the space.

Figure 8: Pump #1 Figure 7: Capacities of Pump #1

Figure 9:Pump #2 Figure 10: Capacities of Pump #2

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 Figure 12: Pump #3 Figure 11: Capacities of Pump #3

Collector
In the dormitory, there are three distinct water collectors, each with its unique
function. One collector is designed to gather cold water for distribution, ensuring a ready
supply for various needs. Another collector focuses on drawing in and heating cold water,
preparing it for specific uses within the dormitory. Lastly, the third collector specializes
in gathering and delivering hot water, catering to the various requirements for warm
water within the dormitory premises.

Figure 13: Collector #1

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 Figure 14:Collector #2

Scheme/Layout of the Room

Figure 15: Scheme of Heat controlling Room

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 Figure 16:Explained Scheme of Heat controlling Room

Problem identification and Calculation

We anticipated based on our discussion with the thermal engineer of GMIT and
the observation we made that mass flow difference between hot and cold fluid is the main
problem that heat transfer through heat exchanger is high. Thus, in order to prove our
prediction, the following calculations are made.

Beforehand, we noted main pipeline hot inlet or outlet of thermal station as 1, heat
exchanger #1’s which have responsibility for heating system of dormitory, cold inlet and
outlet pipe as 2, heat exchanger #2’s outlet inlet pipe as 3.

In our hot input pipeline case, main hot inlet pipe from Thermal Station divides
into two pipe which supplies heat exchanger #1 and #2 which connected the Tee-Junction
connection.
Firstly we assume that two pipe’s length and diameter obstructions are the same.
As shown in Table .2, pressure of both two inlets to the heat exchanger's pipe are equal.
Therefore, using the Mass Balance equation (Equation .1), it leads us to mass flow
division ratio 1:1,

Now apply Bernoulli equation (Equation .2) in this case. If we neglect density and
head difference, equation would

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Using Table .2, we can see the pressure of both two inlets to the heat exchanger's pipe are
equal which also leads to , which proves the assumption above we just
made.

I. Now move into the thermal heat transfer part. At first, we assume our heat
exchanger maximizes its efficiency as η = 100%. Then, through energy balance
law (Equation .4), let’s define total thermal heat coming from Thermal Station per
second. If we assume that system is steady-state, kinetic and potential energy and
shaft work is equal 0, then energy balance equation would
II.

where, is enthalpy of hot input from thermal station, is enthalpy of hot

output returning thermal station, is transferred heat or heat loss at heat
exchanger.

In other pipe, it goes same, which can defined as

where, is enthalpy of cold input from heating circulation of dormitory,

is enthalpy of cold output to heating circulation of dormitory, is transferred
heat or gained heat at heat exchanger.

Since we assumed heat exchanger efficiency equals 100%, equals -

which means all heat losses from hot fluid is equal to total heat gained of cold
fluid. Combining those two equation above, we get,

From this, we can find the mass flow rate of the heating circulation of our
dormitory.

To ease our calculations, we applied Equation .5 to the equation above. After

substituting and eliminating the parameters, we have,

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 Solving the equation, which is pretty high compared to the mass
flow rate of hot fluid coming from the thermal station.

III. Now we need the mass flow rate of hot water supply circulation to create
statements that prove our assumption.
Calculating final equation process goes same in heat exchanger #2. Thus, we have

Solving the equation, which is decently close to the mass flow

rate of hot fluid coming from the thermal station.

From those answers, we can conclude that our first assumption is correct as mass
flow difference between hot and cold fluid is the main problem that heat transfer through
heat exchanger is low.

Maintenance and Upkeep for Heat Control of Dormitory

(D, E block)

Throughout our meticulous endeavors, a fundamental realization emerged that the

inherent constraints within the thermal station preclude any direct modification of energy
input or mass flow rates. It became evident that avenues for augmenting heat transfer
efficiency predominantly revolve around optimizing the heat exchanger's performance
rather than altering the primary inputs. The observed constraints lie in the inability to
directly manipulate the energy input from the thermal station or the mass flow rates of the
involved fluids. Instead, our focus shifted towards maximizing the efficiency of the heat
exchanger which is a pivotal component within the thermal infrastructure, which provides
several suggestions.

1. Balance and Optimization of Flow Rate of Fluids

Our analysis underscored a series of strategies aimed at bolstering heat exchanger

efficiency. Even though higher mass flow rate would result in higher heat transfer rates, it
is valid only when flow rate of fluids are close to each other. Balancing and optimizing
the flow rates of both fluids is crucial. Ensuring adequate flow rates without causing
excessive pressure drop is key.

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 2. Increase insulation efficiency

Notably, insulating the heat exchanger emerged as a vital measure to curtail heat
loss, thereby conserving thermal energy. Additionally, augmenting the heat exchanger's
conducting surface area emerged as a viable avenue for enhancing heat transfer
capabilities, promoting more efficient thermal exchange between mediums.

3. Temperature difference

Maintaining an optimal temperature differential between the hot and cold fluids
proved pivotal in maximizing heat transfer efficiency. Balancing and fine-tuning the flow
rates of both fluids emerged as a crucial parameter, ensuring an equilibrium conducive to
optimal heat exchange. Additionally, preserving the cleanliness of the heat exchanger
surfaces surfaced as an imperative, as fouling or impurities can significantly impede heat
transfer efficiency.
4. Maintenance and Cleanliness

Regular maintenance to prevent fouling or blockages in the exchanger's channels

ensures continued efficiency over time. But in our case, it was totally different. Even
though our dormitory is still newly operated, it is truly important to keep it clean and
straightforward.

In essence, while the primary constraints of unmodifiable energy inputs and fixed
mass flows impose limitations, avenues for enhancing heat exchange efficiency reside in
meticulous interventions directed towards optimizing the heat exchanger's functionality
and operational parameters.

Conclusion

During our project progress, we faced a lot of problems such as measurement tools
that were unable to read, not understandable thermal circuits etc. We tried to fix those
problems as much as we could. For instance, labeling pipes with its direction and fluids
to make it more simpler to work with.
Maximizing the efficiency of a heat exchanger vice, it involves a balance among
all these factors, often requiring engineering considerations specific to the intended
application and the properties of the fluids involved.

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 At last but not least, we recommend that firstly enhance the measuring parameters
because using that we can clearly say or see where it defected or which parameter does
not correctly operate. Secondly, since we cannot change the energy output from thermal
station,

After all of that work, we have gained so much knowledge.

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Appendix

Equation .1

Equation .2

Equation .3

Equation .4

Equation .5

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