‭Ch.

6‬‭Political‬‭Parties‬

‭Q.1‬‭What‬‭is‬‭a‬‭political‬‭party?‬

‭ nswer.‬‭A‬‭political‬‭party‬‭is‬‭a‬‭group‬‭of‬‭people‬‭who‬‭come‬
A
‭together‬‭to‬‭contest‬‭elections‬‭and‬‭hold‬‭power‬‭in‬‭the‬
‭government‬

‭ .2‬‭Describe‬‭the‬‭three‬‭components‬‭of‬‭a‬‭political‬‭party.‬
Q
‭Answer‬‭:Components‬‭of‬‭a‬‭political‬‭party‬‭are:‬
‭•‬‭The‬‭leaders,‬
‭•‬‭active‬‭members‬‭and‬
‭•‬‭the‬‭followers.‬
‭•‬‭The‬‭leaders‬‭The‬‭leaders‬‭are‬‭recruited‬‭and‬‭trained‬‭by‬‭parties.‬
‭They‬‭are‬‭made‬‭ministers‬‭to‬‭run‬‭the‬‭government.‬‭The‬‭big‬‭policy‬
‭decisions‬‭are‬‭taken‬‭by‬‭the‬‭political‬‭executives‬‭that‬‭come‬‭from‬
‭the‬‭political‬‭parties.‬
‭•‬‭Active‬‭members‬ ‭Parties‬‭have‬‭lakhs‬‭of‬‭members‬‭and‬
‭activists‬‭spread‬‭over‬‭the‬‭country.‬‭Many‬‭of‬‭the‬‭pressure‬‭groups‬
‭are‬‭the‬‭extensions‬‭of‬‭political‬‭parties‬‭among‬‭different‬‭sections‬
‭of‬‭society.‬‭But‬‭since‬‭most‬‭of‬‭the‬‭members‬‭belong‬‭to‬‭a‬‭party,‬
‭they‬‭go‬‭by‬‭the‬‭direction‬‭of‬‭the‬‭party‬‭leadership,‬‭irrespective‬‭of‬
‭their‬‭personal‬‭opinion.‬
‭•‬‭The‬‭followers‬‭The‬‭followers‬‭are‬‭the‬‭ordinary‬‭citizens,‬‭who‬
‭believe‬‭in‬‭the‬‭policies‬‭of‬‭their‬‭respective‬‭party‬‭and‬‭give‬‭popular‬
‭support‬‭through‬‭elections.‬‭Often‬‭the‬‭opinion‬‭of‬‭the‬‭followers‬
‭crystallise‬‭on‬‭the‬‭lines‬‭parties‬
‭Q.3‬‭State‬‭the‬‭various‬‭functions‬‭political‬‭parties‬‭perform‬‭in‬‭a‬
‭democracy.‬
‭Answer:‬‭The‬‭various‬‭functions‬‭political‬‭parties‬‭perform‬‭in‬‭a‬
‭democracy‬‭are‬‭as‬‭follows:‬
‭1)‬‭Parties‬‭contest‬‭elections‬‭-‬‭Candidates‬‭are‬‭put‬‭forward‬‭by‬
‭parties‬‭to‬‭contest‬‭in‬‭elections.‬‭These‬‭candidates‬‭may‬‭be‬
‭chosen‬‭by‬‭the‬‭members‬‭of‬‭the‬‭party‬‭or‬‭by‬‭the‬‭leaders‬‭of‬‭the‬
‭party.‬
‭2)‬‭Form‬‭policies‬‭and‬‭programmers.‬
‭Parties‬‭put‬‭forward‬‭different‬‭policies‬‭and‬‭programmes‬‭and‬‭the‬
‭voters‬‭choose‬‭from‬‭them.‬
‭3)‬‭Parties‬‭make‬‭laws‬
‭Parties‬‭play‬‭an‬‭important‬‭role‬‭in‬‭making‬‭laws‬‭for‬‭a‬‭country.‬
‭Laws‬‭are‬‭usually‬‭debated‬‭and‬‭passed‬‭in‬‭the‬‭legislature.‬
‭ )‬‭Parties‬‭form‬‭and‬‭run‬‭governments‬
4
‭Parties‬‭form‬‭and‬‭run‬‭governments.‬‭They‬‭recruit‬‭leaders‬‭and‬
‭train‬‭them‬‭to‬‭be‬‭ministers‬‭and‬‭run‬‭the‬‭government‬‭in‬‭the‬‭way‬
‭they‬‭want‬‭it.‬

‭ )‬‭Role‬‭of‬‭opposition‬
5
‭Parties‬‭that‬‭lose‬‭the‬‭election‬‭form‬‭the‬‭opposition.‬‭The‬
‭opposition‬‭voices‬‭different‬‭views‬‭and‬‭criticize‬‭the‬‭failures‬‭of‬
‭the‬‭government.‬

‭ )‬‭Parties‬‭shape‬‭public‬‭opinion‬
6
‭Parties‬‭shape‬‭public‬‭opinion.‬‭They‬‭have‬‭lakhs‬‭of‬‭members‬‭all‬
‭over‬‭the‬‭country,‬‭and‬‭they‬‭play‬‭a‬‭great‬‭role‬‭in‬‭influencing‬‭the‬
‭way‬‭people‬‭think.‬

‭ )‬‭Access‬‭to‬‭government‬‭machinery‬‭and‬‭welfare‬
7
‭schemes.‬
‭Parties‬‭provide‬‭the‬‭common‬‭man‬‭access‬‭to‬‭government‬
‭machinery‬‭and‬‭welfare‬‭schemes.‬‭It‬‭is‬‭easier‬‭for‬‭a‬‭person‬‭to‬
‭meet‬‭a‬‭local‬‭party‬‭leader‬‭than‬‭a‬‭government‬‭official.‬

‭ .4‬‭.Which‬‭party‬‭system‬‭is‬‭better…...?‬
Q
‭No‬‭one‬‭system‬‭is‬‭suitable‬‭for‬‭every‬‭country.‬‭Every‬‭country‬
‭has‬‭their‬‭own‬‭economic,‬‭social‬‭and‬‭political‬
‭problems.‬‭One‬‭party‬‭system‬‭may‬‭look‬‭good‬‭for‬‭one‬‭country‬
‭but‬‭may‬‭not‬‭be‬‭suitable‬‭for‬‭other‬‭country.‬
‭Q.5‬‭.Which‬‭party‬‭system‬‭is‬‭suitable‬‭for‬‭India...?‬

‭ ulti‬‭Party‬‭System‬‭is‬‭suitable‬‭for‬‭India,‬‭because:‬
M
‭a)‬‭India‬‭has‬‭vast‬‭land‬‭area‬‭with‬‭diverse‬‭geographical‬
‭condition.‬
‭b)‬‭There‬‭are‬‭great‬‭social‬‭and‬‭cultural‬‭diversity‬‭that‬‭exist‬‭in‬
‭India.‬
‭c)‬‭There‬‭are‬‭few‬‭minority‬‭and‬‭deprived‬‭groups‬‭of‬‭people‬
‭which‬‭can‬‭raise‬‭their‬‭issues‬‭and‬
‭problems‬‭only‬‭multi‬‭party‬‭system.‬
‭d)‬‭Multi‬‭party‬‭system‬‭gives‬‭fair‬‭chance‬‭of‬‭competition‬‭for‬
‭every‬‭section‬‭of‬‭the‬‭society.‬
‭e)‬‭India‬‭has‬‭federal‬‭form‬‭of‬‭government‬‭[Center‬‭&‬‭State].‬
‭Therefore,‬‭many‬‭regional‬‭parties‬‭will‬
‭exist‬‭in‬‭different‬‭state.‬
‭f)‬‭Multi‬‭party‬‭system‬‭is‬‭more‬‭democratic‬‭in‬‭nature.‬

‭ .6‬‭What‬‭are‬‭the‬‭advantages‬‭and‬‭disadvantages‬‭of‬‭single‬
Q
‭party‬‭?‬
‭Advantages‬
‭i.‬‭The‬‭government‬‭can‬‭efficiently‬‭and‬‭fulfill‬‭its‬‭objectives.‬
‭ii.‬‭There‬‭are‬‭no‬‭conflicts‬‭and‬‭quick‬‭decisions‬‭can‬‭be‬‭taken‬‭.‬
‭Disadvantages.‬
‭i‬‭.‬‭It‬‭can‬‭act‬ ‭In‬‭a‬‭dictatorial‬‭way‬‭as‬‭there‬‭is‬‭no‬‭opposition‬‭to‬
‭keep‬‭the‬‭government‬‭in‬‭check.‬
‭ii.‬‭Peoples‬‭freedom‬‭is‬‭restricted‬‭and‬‭there‬‭is‬‭no‬‭choice‬‭for‬‭the‬
‭voter.‬
‭ .7‬‭What‬‭are‬‭the‬‭advantages‬‭and‬‭disadvantages‬‭of‬‭Two‬
Q
‭party‬‭system?‬
‭Advantages‬
‭i‬‭.‬‭The‬‭government‬‭is‬‭very‬‭stable‬‭and‬‭it‬‭has‬‭time‬‭to‬‭implement‬
‭its‬‭policies.‬
‭ii.‬‭There‬‭is‬‭an‬‭opposition‬‭to‬‭keep‬‭the‬‭government‬‭in‬‭check.‬
‭Disadvantages‬
‭i.‬‭There‬‭is‬‭limited‬‭choice‬‭for‬‭the‬‭voter.‬
‭ii.‬‭It‬‭is‬‭not‬‭continuously‬‭accountable.‬

‭ .8‬‭What‬‭are‬‭the‬‭advantages‬‭and‬‭disadvantages‬‭of‬‭multi‬
Q
‭party‬‭system?‬
‭Advantages‬
‭i‬‭.‬‭Offers‬‭a‬‭variety‬‭of‬‭choice‬‭to‬‭the‬‭voters‬
‭ii.It‬‭is‬‭continuously‬‭accountable‬‭to‬‭the‬‭people.‬

‭ isadvantages‬
D
‭i.‬‭Coalition‬‭government‬‭can‬‭lead‬‭to‬‭political‬‭instability‬‭and‬
‭appears‬‭to‬‭be‬‭very‬‭messy.‬
‭ii.‬‭There‬‭is‬‭delay‬‭in‬‭decision-making‬‭as‬‭too‬‭many‬‭people‬‭have‬
‭to‬‭be‬‭consulted.‬

‭Q.9‬‭What‬‭are‬‭the‬‭various‬‭challenges‬‭faced‬‭by‬‭political‬‭parties?‬
‭Answer.‬‭There‬‭are‬‭some‬‭challenges‬‭that‬‭political‬‭parties‬‭have‬
‭to‬‭face,‬‭and‬‭they‬‭are:‬
‭a)‬‭The‬‭lack‬‭of‬‭internal‬‭democracy‬‭–‬‭If‬‭there‬‭is‬‭a‬‭concentration‬
‭of‬‭power‬‭in‬‭the‬‭hands‬‭of‬‭one‬‭or‬‭only‬‭a‬‭few‬‭ministers‬‭in‬‭the‬
‭party,‬‭it‬‭gives‬‭space‬‭to‬‭internal‬‭conflicts.‬

‭b)‬‭The‬‭dynastic‬‭succession‬‭–‬‭This‬‭has‬‭been‬‭in‬‭the‬‭political‬
‭parties‬‭from‬‭time‬‭immemorial.‬‭The‬‭leader‬‭of‬‭the‬‭party‬‭sets‬‭a‬
‭lineage,‬‭and‬‭one‬‭after‬‭another,‬‭a‬‭dynastic‬‭succession‬‭keeps‬
‭taking‬‭place,‬‭which‬‭affects‬‭the‬‭chances‬‭of‬‭other‬‭ministers‬‭in‬
‭the‬‭party‬‭to‬‭gauge‬‭an‬‭effective‬‭position‬‭in‬‭the‬‭party.‬

‭c)‬‭Money‬‭and‬‭muscle‬‭power‬‭–‬‭The‬‭participation‬‭of‬‭smaller‬
‭regional‬‭parties‬‭is‬‭lesser‬‭due‬‭to‬‭the‬‭growing‬‭prominence‬‭of‬
‭muscle‬‭and‬‭money‬‭power.‬‭These‬‭powers‬‭can‬‭mostly‬‭be‬‭seen‬
‭during‬‭the‬‭election‬‭period,‬‭where‬‭parties’‬‭rich‬‭candidates‬‭can‬
‭gain‬‭more‬‭votes‬‭using‬‭both‬‭of‬‭these.‬

‭Q.10‬‭Suggest‬‭some‬‭reforms‬‭to‬‭strengthen‬‭parties‬‭so‬‭that‬‭they‬
‭perform‬‭their‬‭functions‬‭well.‬
‭Answer‬‭.‬‭The‬‭various‬‭reforms‬‭that‬‭a‬‭political‬‭party‬‭can‬‭take‬‭are‬
‭as‬‭follows:‬

‭1.A‬‭provision‬‭within‬‭a‬‭political‬‭party‬‭to‬‭tackle‬‭internal‬‭conflicts.‬
‭2.The‬‭1/3rd‬‭representation‬‭in‬‭the‬‭party‬‭should‬‭be‬‭given‬‭to‬
‭women‬‭candidates.‬
‭3.The‬‭parties‬‭should‬‭not‬‭promote‬‭candidates‬‭having‬‭criminal‬
‭records.‬
‭4.State‬‭funding‬‭during‬‭elections‬‭should‬‭be‬‭promoted‬‭so‬‭that‬
‭candidates‬‭coming‬‭from‬‭poor‬‭backgrounds‬‭stand‬‭an‬‭equal‬
‭chance‬‭to‬‭win.‬

‭Q.11.‬‭What‬‭are‬‭the‬‭characteristics‬‭of‬‭a‬‭political‬‭party?‬

‭Answer.The‬‭political‬‭party‬‭has‬‭the‬‭following‬‭characteristics:‬

‭ .They‬‭agree‬‭on‬‭some‬‭policies‬‭and‬‭programmes‬‭for‬‭society,‬
1
‭with‬‭a‬‭view‬‭to‬‭promoting‬‭the‬‭collective‬‭good‬
‭2.They‬‭have‬‭members‬‭who‬‭share‬‭the‬‭same‬‭interests‬‭in‬
‭policies‬‭and‬‭programmes.‬
‭3.They‬‭seek‬‭to‬‭introduce‬‭policies‬‭which‬‭are‬‭for‬‭the‬‭welfare‬‭of‬
‭the‬‭citizens.‬
‭ .There‬‭are‬‭three‬‭components‬‭–‬‭leader,‬‭active‬‭members‬‭and‬
4
‭followers.‬
‭5.‬‭Parties‬‭are‬‭a‬‭part‬‭of‬‭the‬‭society,‬‭and‬‭thus‬‭involve‬
‭partisanship.‬

‭Q.12‬‭.‬‭Distinguish‬‭between‬‭a‬‭regional‬‭and‬‭a‬‭national‬‭party.‬

‭A.Regional‬‭party‬

‭B.National‬‭Party‬

‭ 1.‬‭A‬‭party‬‭that‬‭secures‬‭at‬‭least‬‭6%‬‭of‬‭the‬‭total‬‭votes‬‭in‬‭an‬
A
‭election‬‭to‬‭the‬‭legislative‬‭assembly‬‭of‬‭a‬‭State‬‭and‬‭wins‬‭at‬‭least‬
‭2‬‭seats‬‭is‬‭recognized‬‭as‬‭a‬‭State‬‭party.‬

‭ 1.‬ ‭A‬‭party‬‭that‬‭secures‬‭at‬‭least‬‭6%.‬‭of‬‭the‬‭total‬‭votes‬‭in‬‭the‬
B
‭lok‬‭Sabha‬‭elections.‬‭Or‬‭the‬ ‭Assembly‬‭elections‬‭in‬‭four‬‭states,‬
‭and‬‭wins‬‭at‬‭least‬‭4‬‭seats‬‭in‬‭the‬‭lok‬‭Sabha.‬‭is‬‭recognized‬‭as‬
‭the‬‭national‬‭party‬‭.‬

‭A2‬‭These‬‭parties‬‭operate‬‭and‬‭function‬‭at‬‭the‬‭regional‬‭level.‬

‭B2.‬‭These‬‭parties‬‭operate‬‭and‬‭function‬‭throughout‬‭India.‬

‭A3‬‭They‬‭raise‬ ‭regional‬‭issues.‬

‭B3‬‭They‬‭raise‬‭national‬‭issue.‬
‭ 4.‬‭Example-‬‭Akali‬‭Dal,‬‭Rashtriya‬‭Janta‬‭Dal,‬‭Jharkhand‬‭Mukti‬
A
‭Morcha.‬

‭ 4‬‭.Example-‬‭Bhartiya‬‭Janta‬‭Party,‬ ‭Indian‬‭National‬‭Congress‬
B
‭,Communist‬‭Party‬‭of‬‭India.‬

‭Q.13‬‭Name‬‭the‬‭parties‬‭in‬‭chronological‬‭order:‬

‭ .‬‭Indian‬‭national‬‭congress‬ ‭-‬‭1885‬
1
‭2.Communist‬‭Party‬‭of‬‭India‬‭-‬‭1925‬
‭3.Communist‬‭Party‬‭of‬‭India‬‭(M)-‬‭1964‬
‭4‬‭Bhartiya‬‭Janta‬‭Party‬‭-‬‭1980‬
‭5.Bahujan‬‭Samaj‬‭Party‬‭-‬‭1984‬
‭6.All‬‭India‬‭Trinamool‬‭Congress‬‭-1998‬
‭7.National‬‭People's‬‭Party‬‭-‬‭2013‬
‭8.Aam‬‭Aadmi‬‭Party-‬‭2023‬

‭ .14‬‭What‬‭are‬‭the‬‭ideologies‬‭of‬‭the‬‭following‬‭National‬
Q
‭Parties?‬

‭ .‬‭INDIAN‬‭NATIONAL‬‭CONGRESS‬ ‭(1885)‬
1
‭symbol‬‭:‬‭Palm.‬
‭President‬‭-‬‭Mallikarjun‬‭Kharge‬

i‭.‬‭Start‬‭to‬‭attempt‬‭to‬‭build‬‭a‬‭modern‬‭secular‬‭democratic‬
‭Republic‬‭in‬‭India‬
‭ii.‬‭Favours,‬‭secularism‬‭and‬‭welfare‬‭of‬‭weaker‬‭section‬‭and‬
‭ inorities‬
m
‭iii‬‭supports‬‭new‬‭economic‬‭reforms.‬

‭States:‬‭Punjab‬‭,‬‭Rajasthan,‬‭Chhattisgarh‬‭and‬‭Maharashtra.‬

‭2.‬‭BHARITYA‬‭JANTA‬‭PARTY‬‭(1980)‬

‭ ymbol‬‭:‬‭lotus.‬
s
‭President‬‭-‬‭J.P.Nadda‬

‭ merged‬‭as‬‭the‬‭largest‬‭party‬‭with‬‭303‬‭members‬‭in‬‭2019‬
E
‭General‬‭elections.‬

i‭.‬‭Stresses‬‭on‬‭modern‬‭India‬‭on‬‭the‬‭basis‬‭of‬‭ancient‬‭Indian‬
‭culture‬‭and‬‭values.‬
‭ii.Wants‬‭Uniform‬‭Civil‬‭Code‬‭for‬‭all‬‭people‬‭living‬‭in‬‭the‬‭country,‬
‭irrespective‬‭of‬‭religion‬‭and‬‭ban‬‭on‬‭religious‬‭conversion.‬
‭iii.‬‭Hindutva‬‭or‬‭cultural‬‭nationalism‬‭is‬‭its‬‭basic‬‭element.‬

‭States‬‭-‬‭Gujarat‬‭,‬‭Uttar‬‭Pradesh‬‭and‬ ‭Himachal‬‭Pradesh.‬

‭3.‬‭BAHUJAN‬‭SAMAJ‬‭PARTY‬‭(1984)‬

‭ ymbol‬‭:‬‭Elephant.‬
s
‭President‬‭-‬‭Mayawati.‬
i‭.‬‭Follows‬‭ideas‬‭and‬‭teachings‬‭of‬‭Sahu‬‭Maharaj,‬‭Mahatma‬
‭Phule,‬‭Periyar‬‭Ramaswami‬‭Naicker‬‭and‬‭Bhim‬‭Rao‬‭Ambetkar.‬
‭ii‬‭Aims‬‭to‬‭secure‬‭power‬‭for‬‭the‬‭bahujan.‬‭Samaj‬‭including‬‭the‬
‭dalits,‬‭adivasis‬‭,OBC‬‭and‬‭religious‬‭minorities.‬
‭States‬‭-‬‭Uttar‬‭pradesh,Chattisgarh‬‭,Delhi‬‭and‬‭Punjab.‬

‭4‬‭.COMMUNIST‬‭PARTY‬‭OF‬‭INDIA‬‭(M)‬‭1964‬‭(China)‬

‭ ymbol‬‭:sickle‬‭and‬‭hammer‬
s
‭President‬‭-‬‭Sitaram‬‭Yechury‬‭.‬

i‭..‬‭Believes‬‭in‬‭marxism,‬‭leninism,‬‭Welfare‬‭of‬‭poor‬‭workers‬‭and‬
‭farmers‬
‭ii.‬‭Supports‬‭socialism‬‭secularism‬‭and‬‭democray‬
‭iii.‬‭Opposes‬‭new‬‭economic‬‭policies.‬
‭iv.‬‭They‬‭are‬‭against‬‭privatisation‬‭and‬‭allows‬‭free‬‭flow‬‭of‬‭capital‬
‭and‬‭goods‬‭in‬‭the‬‭country.‬

‭States‬‭-‬‭West‬‭Bengal‬‭Kerala‬‭and‬ ‭Tripura.‬

‭5.‬‭COMMUNIST‬‭PARTY‬‭OF‬‭INDIA‬‭.(Soviet‬‭Union‬‭)‬‭(1925‬‭)‬

‭ ymbol‬‭:‬‭Corn‬‭and‬‭sickle.‬
s
‭President‬‭-‬ ‭D.Raja‬‭.‬

i‭.‬‭Believes‬‭in‬‭marxism,‬‭leninism,‬‭secularism‬‭and‬‭democracy.‬
‭ii.It‬‭is‬‭opposed‬‭to‬‭the‬‭forces‬‭of‬‭communalism‬‭and‬‭sessionism‬
i‭ii.‬‭Promotes‬‭the‬‭interest‬‭of‬‭the‬‭working‬‭class,‬‭farmers‬‭and‬‭the‬
‭poor.‬
‭States‬‭-‬‭Punjab‬‭,West‬‭Bengal‬‭Kerala‬‭and‬‭Tripura.‬

‭6.‬‭NATIONALIST‬‭CONGRESS‬‭PARTY‬‭(1999)‬

‭ ymbol‬‭:‬‭Analogue‬‭clock‬
s
‭President‬‭-‬ ‭Sharad‬‭Pawar‬

i‭.‬‭Supports‬‭democracy‬‭Gandhian‬‭secularism‬‭,social‬‭justice‬
‭and‬‭federalism.‬
‭ii.‬‭Demands‬‭that‬‭high‬‭offices‬‭in‬‭government‬‭Should‬‭be‬
‭confined‬‭to‬‭natural‬‭born‬‭citizens‬‭of‬‭the‬‭country‬
‭ii.‬‭Worked‬‭for‬‭women‬‭empowerment‬‭and‬‭child‬‭welfare.‬
‭iii.‬‭Commited‬‭to‬‭social‬‭justice‬‭for‬‭the‬‭neglected‬‭and‬‭deprived‬
‭masses.‬
‭States‬‭-‬‭Maharashtra,Meghalaya,‬‭Manipur‬‭and‬‭Assam.‬

‭6.‬‭ALL‬‭INDIA‬‭TRINAMOOL‬‭CONGRESS‬‭(1998)‬

‭ ymbol‬‭:‬‭twin‬‭flowers‬‭and‬‭grass.‬
s
‭President‬‭-‬ ‭Mamta‬‭Banerjee.‬

i‭.‬‭Promotes‬‭all‬‭round‬‭development‬‭of‬‭India‬‭in‬‭political,‬
‭economic‬‭,industrial‬‭,social‬‭and‬‭cultural‬‭sectors.‬
‭ii.‬‭eradicates‬‭illiteracy,‬‭poverty,‬‭injustice,‬‭work‬‭for‬‭the‬‭upliftment‬
‭ f‬‭the‬‭downtrodden‬‭.‬
o
‭iii.allegiance‬‭to‬‭the‬‭Constitution‬‭of‬‭India.‬

‭States‬‭-‬‭West‬‭Bengal‬‭Tripura‬‭,kerala‬‭and‬‭Manipur.‬

‭7.‬‭NATIONAL‬‭PEOPLE'S‬‭PARTY.‬‭(2023)‬

‭ ymbol‬‭:‬‭Book.‬
s
‭President‬‭-Comrad‬‭Sangma.‬

‭ irst,‬‭political‬‭party‬‭of‬‭North‬‭east‬‭to‬‭get‬‭the‬‭status‬‭of‬‭national‬
F
‭party.‬

i‭.‬‭To‬‭ensure‬‭all‬‭citizens‬‭equality‬‭of‬‭status‬‭and‬‭opportunity‬
‭ii.‬‭Believes‬‭that‬‭literacy‬‭and‬‭education‬‭can‬‭empower‬‭the‬
‭weaker‬‭section‬
‭iii.‬‭Works‬‭for‬‭the‬‭well-being‬‭and‬‭advancement‬‭of‬‭the‬‭people‬‭of‬
‭North‬ ‭east.‬

‭8.‬‭AAM‬‭AADMI‬‭PARTY.‬‭(2023)‬

‭ ymbol‬‭:‬‭Broom.‬
s
‭President‬‭-Arvind‬‭Kejriwal.‬
‭States‬‭-‬‭Delhi‬‭,‬‭Goa‬‭,Haryana‬‭and‬‭Himachal‬‭Pradesh.‬

‭Q.How‬‭to‬‭Reform‬‭Political‬‭Parties‬
‭Answer‬‭(a)‬‭According‬‭to‬‭new‬‭law,‬‭if‬‭an‬‭elected‬‭MLA‬‭or‬‭MP‬
‭indulge‬‭in‬‭defection,‬‭he/she‬‭will‬‭loose‬‭seat‬‭in‬‭the‬‭legislature.‬
‭(b)‬‭According‬‭of‬‭Supreme‬‭Court‬‭order,‬‭a‬‭candidate‬‭contesting‬
‭for‬‭election‬‭has‬‭to‬‭file‬‭an‬‭affidavit‬‭giving‬‭details‬‭of‬‭his‬‭property,‬
‭income‬‭and‬‭criminal‬‭records.‬
‭(c)‬‭Election‬‭Commission‬‭has‬‭made‬‭is‬‭mandatory‬‭to‬‭organize‬
‭internal‬‭election‬‭within‬‭party‬‭and‬‭to‬‭file‬‭their‬‭income‬‭tax‬‭returns.‬
‭(d)‬‭Political‬‭parties‬‭should‬‭give‬‭at‬‭least‬‭minimum‬‭[1/3rd]‬‭to‬
‭women‬‭candidates.‬‭They‬‭should‬‭also‬‭include‬‭women‬‭into‬
‭decision‬‭making‬‭process.‬
‭(e)‬‭Their‬‭should‬‭be‬‭state‬‭funding‬‭of‬‭election.‬‭Government‬
‭should‬‭bear‬‭expenses‬‭like‬‭petrol,‬‭telephone,‬‭stationaries‬‭etc.‬
‭(f)‬‭Awareness‬‭of‬‭the‬‭people‬‭and‬‭active‬‭participation.‬

‭Q.13‬‭Give‬‭the‬‭meaning‬‭of‬‭‘Alliance’‬
‭PAnswer-‬ ‭When‬‭several‬‭parties‬‭in‬‭a‬‭multiparty‬‭system‬‭join‬‭for‬
‭the‬‭purpose‬‭of‬‭contesting‬‭elections‬‭and‬‭winning‬‭power.‬