Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Iptc 11205 MS P
Iptc 11205 MS P
250
0,8
instruments, e.g. a 3D dynamic model, or reservoir
0,7
engineering analysis, used for elaboration of 200
recommendations. 0,6
m3/yearly
WCUT
This paper illustrates the authors’ approach to the mature 150 0,5
types: 0 0
1. Elaboration of methodology of ID quality control; 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002
WC wells rehabilitation;
3. Building of a 3D full-field geological and dynamic Fig. 1. Field development parameters.
models being able to serve for development
optimization, and elaboration of a program of well
intervention.
2 IPTC 11205
(а) (b)
engineering analysis defined these areas as ones having a low selected 9 wells with WC lower that 70% (whereas the
final RF. average WC was 89%). The nine selected wells with lower-
The presence of zones of the priority water flow serves as than-average WC appeared to be scattered throughout the
an indirect indicator of permeability anisotropy. field. These wells were selected as candidates for formation
Fig. 7 illustrates how water/oil ratio changed in every stimulation treatment.
development cell after 1986 (a water breakthrough time). And
it shows a priority water flow zone in the reservoir.
To explain the revealed water trend, we analyzed water
injection by development cells, but no relation between the
priority water flow zone and the well pattern was found. So,
this phenomenon may have an explanation in geological terms
(2).
Fig. 8.A max fluid flow rate vs. well commissioning date. The nine low
productivity wells with low current wcut selected for interventions.
In parallel, we used a common Chang’s (5) methodology, So, we selected 225 wells the data from which were used
which allows identification of water encroachment. Finally, in the model matching
the operating company was supplied with a list of 71 wells
requiring water encroachment studies. We assumed that high
WC depends on poor well integrity, and we used this
assumption in dynamic modeling.
Dynamic Modeling Fig. 12. A modeled vs. actual data RMS map. The blue zones require
The engineering analysis has resulted in the outlining of adjustment of values.
the following:
- A zone of lower reservoir quality, which was used as The initial data for adjustments were the actual well data
an alternative for facies determination in wells having such as BHP, oil production, WC, and other.
no log data; The zoning of the matched parameters allows using the
- A zone of the permeability anisotropy, which served information contained in the production history of each well
for reorientation of the model grid; for matching only those cells that contribute to the named
- Wells with abnormal skins, which helped in better production.
approximation of DHP in the model and in history Then, the iteration procedure was used for minimization
matching: of the root mean-square (RMS) (Fig. 12) of three
- Wells with behind casing crossflows, which were parameters—oil, water production, and DHP. The quality of
excluded from matching of WC matching. the history matching (a relative divergence of actual and
Also, the engineering analysis helped in identifying modeled data in the most representative iterations) is shown in
irregular water flooding and redistribution of fluid flow. Fig. 13.
The matching was done in several phases (Fig. 11): So, after 9 iterations, we acquired datasets of multipliers
- Identification of wells with maximum cumulative for permeability along X, Y и Z.
production and cumulative injection for each
development cell;
- Identification of 3D drainage zones with the use of
“pipe flow” simulators
- The use of automatic tool for model history matching
with permeability multipliers in selected drainage zones
as adjustment parameters.
6 IPTC 11205
The economic calculations used the applicable taxation Pilot Project: Water Flooding Optimization
and included the Capex, Opex, and transportation costs.
Taking the best development case (recommended Case
The following are the key economic indicators:
10), the Schlumberger DCS team designed a pilot project for
- Cash Flow (CF);
practical implementation. The selected target includes four
- Net Present Value (NPV):
development cells with maximum OIP and cumulative water
- Profitability Index (PI);
injection/production ratio within 1.
- Government Income (IG).
While comparing cumulative CF, it becomes clear that
Case 10 with a five-spot flooding system in the area of
unbalanced water injection beats all other development cases
(Fig. 15).
Fig. 16. A total cash flow generated by development cases. We recommended to convert the low productive
producers into injectors.
A sensitivity analysis was carried out for the selected best The main benefit will come from redistribution of the
case. It was focused on risk assessment and uncertainty of its fluid flows and sweeping of bypassed zones.
realization with fluctuations of oil prices, Capex, Opex, and
taxation (that is specific to Russian Federation legislation).
Below is an example of sensitivity assessment by two 250
parameters. Optimization case
Fig. 19. Baseline case vs. pilot project case economic indicators.
Summary
1. The used approach has resulted in a six-fold project
time saving (including 600-well history matching).
2. The engineering analysis helps in setting challenges,
which may be resolved with a 3D geologic and
dynamic modeling.
3. The engineering analysis helps identifying the most
prominent tendencies in reservoir behavior, which
then make grounds for the 3D model history
matching.
4. The history matching goes much easier, if the
reservoir parameters are attributed to zones revealed
with the help of flow lines.
References
1. Амелин, И.Д., Сургучев, М.Л. и Давыдов А.В.
Прогноз разработки нефтяных залежей на
поздней стадии. М, Недра, 1994.
2. Голф-Рахт, Т.Д. Основы нефтепромысловой
геологии и разработки трещиноватых
коллекторов. М, Недра, 1986.
3. Крейг, Ф.Ф. Разработка нефтяных месторождений
при заводнении. М, Недра, 1974
4. Сургучев, М.Л., Горбунов А.Т. и др. Методы
извлечения остаточной нефти. М, недра, 1991.
5. Chang, K.S., Schlumberger SPE 30775 Water Control
Diagnostic Plots