ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of

gratitude to my teacher Mrs. Febina mam
who gave me this golden opportunity to do
an Investigatory project and also constantly
helped me throughout this project.
I would also like to thank our principal
Mr.Bala Reddy Ambati for providing all
the resources required to accomplish this
assignment effectively.
Lastly, I would like to thank my family and
my friends who constantly supported and
motivated me to do this project.
ANALYSIS
OF
COLD DRINKS
 INDEX
SL NO TOPIC
1 AIM
2 PURPOSE
3 INTRODUCTION

4 THEORY

5 MATERIAL AND CHEMICALS REQUIRED

6 PROCEDURE AND OBSERVATION
7 CONCLUSION
8 RESULT
9 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 AIM
 Comparative study and qualitative analysis
of different brands of cold drinks available in
the market.
 PURPOSE
In recent days, soft drink brands have been put
into various questions regarding their purity.
News flashed that they contain harmful
pesticides, which aroused many interest in
knowing their contents because I have been
drinking them for years. I wanted to confirm
whether the charges imposed on these brands are
true or not. Another fact that inspired me to do
this project is that I am in touch with qualitative
analysis whose knowledge of other factors
helped me to do so.
 INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
Indianization of industry marked its beginning
with the launching of Limca and Gold spot by the
Parley Group of companies. Since, the beginning
of cold drinks was highly profitable and luring,
many multinational companies launched their
brands in India like Pepsi and Coke. Nowadays,
it is observed in general that the majority of
people view Sprite, Miranda, and Limca to give
a feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps
Up activate the pulse and brain.
 THEORY

Cold drinks of different brands are composed of

alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate
ions, etc. These soft drinks give a feeling of warmth,
and lightness and have a tangy taste which is liked by
everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the
formation of froth on shaking the bottle. The carbon
dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic
acid which is also responsible for the tangy taste.
Carbohydrates are naturally occurring organic
compounds and are a major source of energy for our
body. The general formula of carbohydrates is CX
(H2O) Y.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates
are classified as: - monosaccharides, Disaccharides
and Polysaccharides.
Glucose is a monosaccharide with the formula
C6H12O6.It occurs in Free State in the ripened grapes
in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also
present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%.
Sucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in our
daily life. It is widely distributed in nature in juices,
seeds, and also in flowers of many plants. The main
source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contains 15-
20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 %
sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is
C12H22O11. It is produced by a mixture of glucose and
free dose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose
is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and
their acidity can be measured by finding their pH value.
The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents
such as citric acid and phosphoric acid.
MATERIAL REQUIRED
● Test tube
● Test tube holder
● Test tube stand
● Stopwatch
● Beaker
● Burner
● Ph paper tripod stand
● China dish
● Wire gauge
● Water bath

CHEMICAL REQUIRED:

● Iodine solution
● Potassium iodine
● Sodium hydroxide
● Fehling’ s A and B solution
● Line water
● Concentrated HNO3
● Benedict solution
● Ammonium molybdate
DETECTION OF PH:

1-2 drops of the sample of cold drink of each brand

were taken and put on the pH paper. The change in the
color of the pH paper was noticed and was compared
with the standard pH scale.

INFERENCE:

Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence

of citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold
drinks of different brands are different due to the
variation in the amount of acidic contents.
TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE EXPERIMENT

As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the

sample was passed through lime water. The lime water
turned milky.

OBSERVATION

INFERENCE:

All soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in

water. The carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to
form carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy
taste.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED:

Ca(OH)2 (s) + CO2(g) -----------àCaCO3 (s) + H2O(s)

TEST FOR GLUCOSE

Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is

detected by the following test: -

BENEDICT'S SOLUTION TEST: -

A small sample of cold drinks of different brands was

taken in a test tube and a few drops of Benedict’s
reagent were added. The test tube was heated for a few
seconds. The formation of a reddish color confirms the
presence of glucose in cold drinks.
INFERENCE:

All the samples gave positive tests for glucose with

Benedict’s reagent. Hence all the drinks contain
glucose.

FEHLING’S SOLUTION TEST:

A small sample of cold drink of different brands was

taken in a test tube and a few drops of Fehling’s A
solution and Fehling’s B solution was added in equal
amount. The test tube was heated in a water bath for 10
minutes. The appearance of brown precipitate confirms
the presence of glucose in cold drinks.

OBSERVATION:
INFERENCE:

All the samples give positive tests for glucose with

Fehling’s solutions (A&B). Hence all cold drinks
contain glucose.

TEST FOR PHOSPHATE

A sample of each brand of cold drink was taken in a

separate test tube and ammonium molybdate followed
by concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) was added to it, the
solution was heated and the color of the precipitate
confirmed the presence of phosphate ions.

OBSERVATION
INFERENCE:

All soft drinks contain phosphate ions which are

detected by the presence of phosphate when canary
yellow is obtained.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED:

NaHPO4 + 12 (NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 +3H+---------

--à (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3 +21HN4NO3 +12H2O

TEST FOR ALCOHOL

Samples of each brand of cold drinks are taken in a

sample test tube and iodine followed by potassium
iodide and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is added
to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in a
hot water bath for 30 minutes yellow colored
precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold
drinks
OBSERVATION:

INFERENCE:
All the Brands of Cold Drinks Contain Alcohol.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED:

CH3CH2OH +4I2+ 6NaOH------àCHI3 + HCOONa

+5NaI +5H2O

TEST FOR SUCROSE

5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken

in a china dish and heated very strongly until changes
occurred. The black-colored residue left confirms the
presence of sucrose in cold drinks.
OBSERVATION:

INFERENCE:

All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose.

However, the amount of sucrose varies in each brand
of drink. Fanta contained the highest amount of
sucrose.
 CONCLUSION

DISADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS:

➔Soft drinks are a little more harmful than sugar

solutions. As they contain sugar in large amounts
which causes “diabetes”.
➔ Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they
interfere with the body’s natural ability to suppress
hunger feeling.
➔Soft drinks have the ability to dissolve calcium so
they are also harmful to our bones. Soft drinks
contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8.
So they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
➔ For transportation of soft drinks syrup the
commercial truck must use the hazardous matter
place cards reserved for highly consive material.
➔Soft drinks have also the ability to remove blood
so they are very harmful to our body.
USES OF COLD DRINKS:

● Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.

● They can remove rust spots from chrome car
humpers.
● They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
● Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to
remove grease from clothes.
● They can lose a rusted bolt.
RESULT

After conducting several tests, it was concluded that

the different brands of cold drinks namely
➢ Coca-Cola
➢ Sprite
➢ Limca
➢ Fanta
All contain glucose, alcohol sucrose, phosphate, ions,
and carbon dioxide. All are acidic in nature. On
comparing the pH value of different brands Coca-Cola
is the most acidic and Limca is the least acidic of all the
four brands taken. pH value of Coca-Cola is nearly equal
to disinfectant which is harmful to the body.

CARBON DIOXIDE:

Among the four samples of cold drinks taken

sprite has the maximum amount of dissolved carbon
dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount of
dissolved carbon dioxide.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
● https://collegedunia.com/exams/salt-
analysis-definition-process-tests-and-
sample-questions-chemistry-articleid-
1811
● https://znotes.org/caie/as-
level/chemistry-9701/practical/salt-
analysis/