COEFFICIENT OF

VISCOSITY

DakSh ChOuDharY

ClaSS – XII a
Roll No.-
 CErTIFICaTE
This is to certify that Daksh Choudhary has submitted
the project

"COEFFICIENT OF VISCOSITY OF VARIOUS

LIQUIDS" as a partial fulfilment for the practical
examination commenced by Central Board of
Secondary Education under my supervision.

Teacher : Mr. Shyam Singh Sir

 aCkNOwlEDgEmENT

I would like to sincerely and profusely thank my teacher

Mr. Shyam Singh Sir , for his able guidance and support
in completing my project.
I would also like to extend my gratitude to the principal
for providing me with all the facilities that were
required.
Last but not the least, I would like to extend my
gratitude towards to all teaching and non-teaching staff
of St. Martin’s Diocesan School, Delhi Cantt and
towards my classmates who supported me to complete
my project.
 INDEX
SL. No Description Page No.

Aim 5

1 Introduction 6

2 Theory 7

3 Working Formula 7

4 Apparatus/Material Required 7

5 Procedure 8

6 Observations 9

7 Precautions 10

8 Sources of Error 10

9 Observation Table 10 to 11

10 Calculations 12

11 Result 12

12 Graphs 13 to 15

13 Bibliography 16
 aIm:-

DETErmININg ThE COEFFICIENT OF

VISCOSITY OF a gIVEN lIquID bY
mEaSurINg ThE TErmINal VElOCITY OF
a SphErICal bODY.

INTrODuCTION:-
Viscosity is defined as the degree up to which a fluid resists the flow
under an applied force. The Viscosity of a fluid described as the
resistance of liquid for example liquids like water, alcohol, petrol and
more flow freely and faster and have low viscosity than those that flow
slowly like liquid soap solution, honey and oil. This is because of its
physical property and is called viscosity. In simple words, it explains the
fluid's flow resistance.
The coefficient of viscosity of fluids will be decreased as the temperature
increases, while it is inverse in the case of gases. While the coefficient of
viscosity of gases will increase with the increase in temperature. In our
daily life, we prefer the products that are more viscous, like dishwashers
or hand wash, because the more viscous the fluid is, the more effective it
is in washing the utensils and our hands.
Another example we see in our daily life is oil. If a drop of oil falls on the
surface, the drop sticks in a small spherical shape. This is due to the
viscous force present within the oil.

Theory:
Principle: Terminal velocity
The constant velocity acquired by a body while moving through viscous fund
under application of constant force. When a spherical body of radius rand density
o falls freely through a viscous liquid of density in with terminal velocity V, then
the sum of the upward buoyant force and viscous drag is balanced by the
downward weight of the ball

wOrkINg FOrmula:-
2 𝑟2
𝜂 = ( ) (𝜎 − 𝜌) ( )𝑔
9 𝑉
 2 1
𝜂 = ( ) (𝜎 − 𝜌) ( )𝑔9
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒

Where
ρ = Density of Liquid V =
Terminal Velocity η =
Coefficient of Viscosity r =
Radius of the lead shots σ =
Density of Lead Shots g =
Gravitational Acceleration

apparaTuS: -

A wide bore tube of transparent glass, lead balls of known diameters,

transparent viscous liquids (milk, water, alcohol), wooden stand, thread,
meter scale and stop watch.

prOCEDurE
1. Check that the vertical scale along the height of the jar is clearly
visible. Note its least count
2. Test the stop clock/watch for its light spring. Find its least count and
zero error
3. Find and note the least count and zero error of the screw gauge.
4. Determine mean radius of the ball.
5. Drop the ball gently in the liquid. It falls down in the liquid with
accelerated velocity for about one-third of the height of the liquid.
Then it fails with uniform terminal velocity.
6. Start the stop clock/watch. When the ball reaches some convenient
division (60cm). Note its fall.
7. Find and note the distance fallen and time taken by the ball.
8. Repeat these steps from 6 to 9, nine times more with different liquids
and balls of each radius.
9. Note and record temperature of the liquid.
10. Record your observations.

ObSErVaTIONS: -

a) Temperature of experimental liquid = 25°C (Room Temperature)

b) Least count of stop watch = 0.5 s
c) Least count of micrometer screw gauge = 0.01mm
d) Density of castor oil (p1) = 0.9579 g/cm³
e) Density of palm oil (p2) = 0.8996 g/cm³
f) Density of liquid soap (p3) = 0.932 g/cm³
g) Density of lead shot (a) = 9.5 g/cm³
prECauTIONS:

a) Liquid should be transparent to watch motion of the ball

b) Ball should be perfectly spherical Velocity should be noted only when it
becomes constant

SOurCES OF ErrOr:

a) The liquid may not have uniform density.

b) The ball may not be perfect sphere
c) The noted velocity may not be constant.
 ObSErVaTION TablES: -
1st liquid: Castor Oil
Time for
No of Main Diameter of Fall for xy Terminal
Obs. Lead shot (d) Radius(r) (t) Velocity(v=I/T) r² r²/V

cm cm s cm/s cm² cm.s

2nd liquid: Refined Oil

No of Main Diameter of Time for Fall Terminal

Obs. Lead shot (d) Radius(r) for xy(t) Velocity(v=I/T) r² r²/V

cm cm s cm/s cm² cm.s

4
 5

3rd liquid: Liquid Soap

No of Main Diameter of Time for Fall Terminal

Obs. Lead shot (d) Radius(r) for xy(t) Velocity(v=I/T) r² r²/V

cm cm s cm/s cm² cm.s

CalCulaTIONS:-
1st liquid: Castor oil

2nd Liquid: Palm Oil

3rd liquid: Liquid soap

rESulT:
The coefficient of viscosity of given liquids at temperatures is equal to
𝜂1 = poise
𝜂2 = poise
𝜂3 = poise

graphS: -
Graph for Castor Oil:
Graph for Palm Oil:

Graph for Liquid Soap:

 bIblIOgraphY:
www.wikipedia.com
www.quora.com www.reddit.com
www.probingphysics.com