LEA-1 LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION (Inter-Agency Approach)

INTRODUCTION
The course deals with the study of principles underlying police organization and management with particular
focus on the Constitutional mandate, Republic Acts 6975 and 8551, and other laws related thereto.

It includes the organizational structure and organization of the Philippine National Police, on the national and
local levels. Emphasis is given on direction, supervision, coordination and control of all local police forces as a
homogeneous body under a single command.

It also includes the basic management functions in so far as these are applied to the police organization.
Police planning is integrated into this course, and it is designed to equip the students with knowledge on the
development of effective plans, particularly on strategies and tactics for effective operations.

The emphasis is on the special techniques and procedure applicable to unusual needs like unusual criminal
activities, civil disturbances, special community events, disaster plans, and civil defense.

Some Basic Definition of Terms

- Law- defined as the rule of conduct or procedure recognized by a community as binding authority or body of system
or rules recognized by a community that are enforceable by established process.

- Enforcement- this means to compel obedience to a law, regulation or command.

- Law Enforcement Agency/agent- this pertains to a person or organization responsible for enforcing the laws,
especially referring to the so called police organization.

- Administration- this is defines as the organizational process concerned with the

implementation of objectives, plans and internal operating agency.

- Law Enforcement Administration- the process involved ensuring strict compliance, proper
obedience of laws and related statutes.

- Police- this is a branch of the criminal justice system that has the specific responsibility of
maintaining law and order and combating crime within the society.

- Police Administration- this focuses on how police agencies are organized and managed in
order to achieve the goals of law enforcement most effectively, efficiently and productively.

- Police is the prime mover of the criminal justice system that has the specific responsibility of
maintaining law and order and combating crime within the society.
-
Police, in its broad aspect means the internal organization or regulation of a state, the
control and regulation of a community or state through the exercise of the constitutions power of the government.

Origin of The Word “Police”

- Polis- a Greek word which means “city-state” or a system of organized civil enforcement to preserve life, liberty,
property, food sources, community health and the enforcement of laws.

- Politeia – Greek word which means government of the city

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 - Politia – Roman word which means condition of the state or government

- Police – French word which was later adopted by the English language

- Policer - from Old French policie which means civil organization, from Late Latin politia meaning the
State, and from Greek politeia meaning govt. of the city

- Praetorian Guards - military bodies who serve as guardians of peace in ancient Rome in which the
idea of policing said to have originated.

- Officer De La Paix - a French term which claimed to be the origin of the term police officer:

Ancient Law Enforcement Background

- Sumerians- Leaders Around 2300 B.C Lipithstar and Eshumma set standards on what constitute an offense against
society.
- Babylonians- the Code of King Hammurabi around 2100 B.C where established rules are not only for offenses but
punishment as well, the Principle of the code was that “ the strong shall not injure the weak”. Hammurabi also originated
the principle of Lex Taliones- an eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth.
- Ancient Greece- Ephori/Ephors- law enforcement of Sparta, Greece elected each year and given the powers as
investigator, judge, jury and executioner. They also preside over the senate and assembly to assure that their rules and
decrees were followed.
 Plato- Greek Philosopher (427 to 347 BC)- Originator of the idea that punishment should serve the
purpose rather than simple relation.
- Ancient Egypt- the early Egyptians established laws and courts as a rudimentary rule of law. The first account of
developing court system originated in Egypt approximately 1500 BC. The court system was presided by judges who were
appointed by the Pharaoh. Marine partrols and custom houses were later developed to protect commerce.
- Ancient Rome- Developed the system of administering justice. The 12 Tabulae (the 12 tables) was the first written law of
Roman Empire.
 Emperor Augustus- created the Praetorian Guards which consist of 7000 soldiers to protect the palace
and the city. He also created fire fighters and eventually given law enforcement capabilities known as
the Vigiles. The Vigiles as the first civilian police sometimes keep the peace very ruthlessly, hence the
word vigilantes.
 Justinian I, ruler of the eastern Roman Empire (527 to 265 AD) collected all Roman Laws and put to his
Justinian Code which became as the Corpus Juris Civilis, meaning body of Law.

CHAPTER I

A. Early Policing System

I. Anglo-Saxon Period of Policing (600-1006 A.D.)

1. Tun Policing System- Forerunner of the word town, a system of policing emerged during the Anglo-Saxon period
whereby all male residents were required to guard the town (tun) to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of the
people.
2. Hue and Cry - a village law started in Britain which provides for
methods of apprehending a criminal by an act of the complainant shout to call all
male residents to assemble and arrest the suspect. This becomes the basis of
what we call today a citizen's arrest.

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 3. Trial by Ordeal- an ancient method of determining the guilt or innocence of a suspect by subject the suspect to a
test or a trial, using this procedure it should be said that the citizen police were able to secure 100% convictions.

II. Norman Period Of Policing (1066-1285 A.D.

1. Shire-Rieve System- is the policing system during the Norman period when England
was
divided into fifty-five (55) military areas, each headed by a ruler called the Rieve.
SHIRES- a division of (55) military areas in England under the Regime of France.
RIEVE (the head-man) - the military leader (lieutenants of the army) who is in charge of
the Shires.
SHIRE-RIEVE - it is from were the word “Sheriff”. A person which absolute powers that no
one could questions his or her actions.
CONSTABULI OR KEEPER OF THE HOUSE - (2) constabuli were appointed to each
village to aid the Rieve in his duties. It becomes the source of the word Constable.
2. Circuit Judges Or Travelling Judges - judge selected to hear cases which were formerly
being judge by the Shire-Rieve and task to travel through and hear criminal cases. This was the
first instance of the division of the police and judicial powers.
3. Leges Henri- laws issued by King Henry which marked a great division in the history of policing.
During this period:
a. It classifies offenses against the king and the individual.
b. Policemen were considered as public officials.
c. Grand jury was created to inquire on the fact of law.
d. It introduced the system called “citizen arrest”.
Grand Jury (a body of men)- 1215, a system which make inquisition into the facts of a crime and eliminate
the Anglo-Saxon trial or “trial by ordeal system”.
Frankpledge System - a system of policing whereby a group of ten neighboring male residents over twelve
years of age were required to guard the town to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of the people.
Keepers Of The Peace - is the proclamation issued by king Richard of England sometime in 1195 that
required the appointment of knights to keep the King’s peace by standing as guards on bridges and gates while
checking the people entering and leaving the cities and towns.
4. The Magna-Carta- laws were enacted upon the demand of the Knights on the round table and forced the King to
signed the same.
Examples of the principles includes the following;
a. No free man shall be taken or imprisoned, disposed or outlawed except by legal judgement of his peers.
b. No person shall be tried for murder unless there is proof of the body of the victim.
c. Beginning of the national and local government as well as legislation.

III. Westminster Period (1285-1500 A.D.)

It is called by this name because the laws governing policing came out of the capital of England,
which at the time was Westminster.

1. Statute of 1295 - the law that mark the beginning of the curfew hours, which demanded the closing of the gates of
London during sundown.
2. Justice Of The Peace (about 1361) = this is in response to a study made on the works of the Shire-rieves or
Sheriffs which reveals to be inefficient in law enforcement. Three or four men who were learned in the law of the land
were given authority to pursue arrest, chastise and imprison violators of law. They handled felonies, misdemeanors
and infractions of city or villages ordinances. This was later abolished about 75 years later.
3. Courts Of The Star-Chamber (1487) - a special court designed to try offenders against the state. The room set-up
is formed in a shape of a star and judges were given great powers such as the power to force testimony from a
defendant leading to a great abuse of power or brutality on the part of the judges.
4. The Merchant Police (1500) - Merchants began employing persons to protect their property, banks employ guards
and night watchmen were hired to watch business establishments and private detectives were employed to locate
and identify stolen property.

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 5. The Parochial Police- Dividing the people of the cities into religious areas or parishes and they bond together and
employ their own police to protect them and their property.
6. Military Police (1655) - under Oliver Cromwell, the England and Wales were divided into 12 military districts as
“Provost Marshall” and to act as judges.

IV. Modern Period of Policing System

Sir Robert Peel (1829) the person regarded as the Father of Modern Policing System for having contributed to the
creation of the most efficient police organization in the world. The first formally organized modern police force was
derived after Sir Robert Peel’s Nickname – the Bobbies

Robert Peel introduced the following concepts of policing:

(1) The Police should be organized along military lines;
(2) The police should be placed under screening and training;
(3) the police should be hired on probationary basis; and
(4) the police should be developed by time and by area.

England

a) BOWSTREET RUNNERS a group of men organized to arrest offenders organized by Henry Fielding, a magistrate
in London, in 1749 in London, England the name was adopted from the name of the street where the office of Henry
Fielding was located when Henry Fielding retired as magistrate, he was replaced by his blind brother, John Fielding
b) METROPOLITAN POLICE ACT of 1829
the law that created the first modern police force in London England, called the Metropolitan Police Service
this law was passed through the initiative of Sir Robert Peel, a member of the Parliament the headquarters of the
Metropolitan Police Service is the Scotland Yard, now known as the New Scotland Yard

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

a) NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT created in 1845 in New York, USA recognized as the first modern style
police department in the US the largest police force in the world modelled after the Metropolitan Police Service of
London
b) BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT the oldest police department in the US the first night watch was established in
Boston in 1631 formally founded in May, 1854

AUGUST VOLLMER recognized as the Father of Modern Law Enforcement for his contributions in the development
of the field of criminal justice in the US author of the book, Police Administration, which served as the basic guide in
the administration of the police organization in the US was the first police chief of Berkeley, California

SCOTLAND YARD- First formally organized modern police force in the world.
OLIVER CROMWELL- first commissioner of Scotland Yard
TEXAS RANGER-Police force which is originally created in response to colonalization
STEPHEN AUSTIN-Founder of the “Texas Ranger”,Also known as “Father of Texas”

V. EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYTEM

The institution of police in the Philippines formally started during the Spanish period. The establishment of the police
force was not entirely intended for crime prevention nor peacekeeping. Rather, it was created as an extension of the colonial
military establishment.

A. SPANISH PERIOD
CARABINEROS DE SEGURIDAD PUBLICA- organized in 1712 for
the purpose of carrying the regulations of the Department of State; this was
armed and considered as the mounted police; years after, this kind of
police organization discharged the duties of a port, harbour and river police

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 GUADRILLEROS/CUADRILLO- this was a body of rural police organized in each town and established by
the Royal Decree of 18 January 1836; this decree provided that 5% of the able-bodied male inhabitants of
each province were to be enlisted in this police organization for three years
GUARDIA CIVIL– this was created by a Royal Decree issued by the Crown on 12 February 1852 to partially
relieve the Spanish Peninsular troops of their work in policing towns; it consisted of a body of Filipino policemen
organized originally in each of the provincial capitals of the central provinces of Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor

B. AMERICAN PERIOD- The Americans established the United States Philippine Commission headed by
General Howard Taft as its first governor-general. On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police Force of Manila
was organized pursuant to Act No 70 of the Taft Commission. This has become the basis for the celebration of the
anniversary of the Manila’s Finest every January 9th
ACT NO 175 entitled “An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of an Insular
Constabulary”,enacted on July 18, 1901
CAPT HENRY ALLEN- the first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901
ACT NO 183- created the Manila Police Department, enacted on July 31, 1901
CAPT GEORGE CURRY-the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1901
Act No 255-the act that renamed the Insular Constabulary into Philippine Constabulary, enacted on
October 3, 1901
Executive Order 389 ordered that the Philippine Constabulary be one of the four services of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines, enacted on December 23, 1940

C. POST-AMERICAN PERIOD
RA 4864 otherwise known as the Police Professionalization Act of 1966, enacted on September 8,
1966; created the Police Commission (POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee the training and
professionalization of the local police forces under the Office of the President; later POLCOM was renamed into
National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)

D. MARTIAL LAW PERIOD

PD 765 otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975, enacted on
August 8, 1975; established the Integrated National Police (INP) composed
of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and the integrated
local police forces as components, under the Ministry of National Defense
transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the President to the Ministry of
National Defense

E. POST MARTIAL LAW REGIME

Executive Order No 1012 transferred to the city and municipal
government the operational supervision and direction over all INP units
assigned within their locality; issued on July 10, 1985
Executive Order No 1040 transferred the administrative control and
supervision of the INP from the Ministry of National Defense to the National
Police Commission
R.A. 157 created the National Bureau of Investigation, enacted June
19, 1947 and later reorganized by R .A. 2678
RA 6975 otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of
1990,enacted on December 13, 1990; reorganized the DILG and established the Philippine National Police,
Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and the Philippine Public Safety College
RA 8551otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998,
enacted on February 25, 1998; this law amended certain provisions of RA 6975
RA 9708 law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the minimum educational qualification
for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion system; approved on 12 August 2009 “An act extending for
five (5) years the reglementary period for complying with the Minimum educational qualification for appointment to the
philippine national Police (pnp) and adjusting the promotion system thereof, amending for the purpose Pertinent
provisions of republic act no. 6975 and republic act no. 8551 and for other Purposes”

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 VI.IMPORTANT FILIPINO PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLICING
 BRIG GEN RAFAEL CRAME - the first Filipino chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1917
 COL ANTONIO TORRES - the first Filipino chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1935
 COL LAMBERTO JAVALERA, the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after the
Philippine Independence from the United States of America in 1946
 P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO - the first chief of the Philippine National Police

VII. THEORY AND CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE

A. HOME RULE THEORY policemen are regarded as servants of the community, who rely for the efficiency of their
functions upon the express needs of the people policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the preservation of public
peace and security It exist in United States, England and Philippines
B. CONTINENTAL THEORY policemen are regarded as state or servants of the higher authorities the people have
no share or have little participation with the duties nor connection with the police organization. It exist in France, Italy and
Spain- countries with a decentralized form of government
C. OLD CONCEPT police service gives the impression of being merely a suppressive machinery this philosophy
advocates that the measurement of police competence is the increasing number of arrests, throwing offenders in detention
facilities rather than trying to prevent them from committing crimes
D. MODERN CONCEPT regards police as the first line of defense of the criminal justice system, an organ of crime
prevention police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number of crimes broadens police activities to cater to social
services and has for its mission the welfare of the individual as well as that of the community in
general

Police Objectives

1. To make sure there is an order in the community;

2. Protection of lives and property;
3. Render assistance to other government agencies.

Basic Police Functions

1. Crime prevention
2. Crime Control
3. Regulations or control of Non-criminal conduct

CHAPTER II

Police Management and Administration

Organization can also be distinguished by the degree of formality and structure:

1. Formal Organization-is defined as those organizations that are formally established for explicit purpose of
achieving certain goals. (Stable social institutions.)

2. Informal Organization- are those sharing the basic characteristic of all organizations arise through the social
interactions of individuals or through family grouping.

Administration of Police Organization - It is the systematic structure of management of a police organization.

I. POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION AND PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

ORGANIZATION- a group of persons working together for a common goal or objectives

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a form of human association for the attainment of a goal or objective the process of identifying and grouping the work to
be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority, establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling
people work effectively

POLICE ORGANIZATION- a group of trained personnel in the field of public safety administration engaged in
the achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the maintenance of peace and order, protection of life and
property, enforcement of the laws and the prevention of crimes

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY- pertains to an organization responsible for enforcing the laws

PNP MISSION - “To enforce the law, to prevent and control crimes, to maintain peace and order, and to
ensure public safety and internal security with the active support of the community”

ADMINISTRATION an organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives and plans and
internal operating efficiency connotes bureaucratic structure and behavior, relatively routine decision-making and
maintenance of the internal order

POLICE/LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION- the process involved in ensuring strict compliance, proper
obedience of laws and related statutes focuses on the policing process or how law enforcement agencies are organized
and managed in order to achieve the goals of law enforcement most effectively, efficiently and productively.

PERSONEL MANAGEMENT- This is the mangement function which tasked with the promotion and enhancement of
the development of work effectiveness and advancement of human resources in the organization, through proper palnning,
organizing, durecting, coordinating, and controlling activities; related to procurement, development, motivation and
compensation of employees to achieve organizational goals.

SUPERVISION - means the act of watching over the work or tasks of the members of the organization to ensure that
desired results are achieved

MANAGEMENT - the process of directing and facilitating the work of people organized in formal groups in order to
achieve objectives judicious or wise use of resources (manpower, material, money, equipment, supplies, time etc)

AUTHORITY - the right to command and control the behavior of employees in lower positions within an
organizational hierarchy must be viewed in terms of prescribed roles rather than of individuals a particular position within an
organization carries the same regardless of who occupies that position

HIERARCHY represents the formal relationship among superiors and subordinates in any given organization serves
as the framework for the flow of authority downward, and obedience upward, through the department

MANAGEMENT OR ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS (POSDCoRB)

1) PLANNING - the determination in advance of how the objectives of the organization will be attained
2) ORGANIZING-involves the determination and allocation of the men and women as well as the resource
of an organization to achieve pre-determined goals or objectives of the organization
3) DIRECTING involves the overseeing and supervising of the human resources and the various activities
in an organization to achieve through cooperative efforts the pre-determined goals or objectives of the
organization
4) CONTROLLING involves the checking or evaluation and measurement of work performance and
comparing it with planned goals or objectives of the organization, and making the necessary corrective
actions so that work is accomplished as planned

5) STAFFING the task of providing competent men to do the job and choosing the right men for the right job
involves good selection and processing of reliable and well -trained personnel

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 6) REPORTING the making of detailed account of activities, work progress, investigations and unusual in
order to keep everyone informed or what is going on

7) BUDGETING the forecasting in detail of the results of an officially recognized program of operations
based on the highest reasonable expectations of operating efficiency

FUNCTIONS UNDER PERSONNEL MANGEMENT

1. Personnel Planning- this is the process of analyzing an organization’s human resources needs under
changing conditions and developing activities to satisfy this needs.
2. Personnel Recruitment and Selection.
3. Appointment, Placement and Assignment.
4. Performance Appraisal
5. Personnel Compensation and Welfare Benefits
6. Career and Employee Development
7. Discipline
8. Separation from the service

HUMAN WANTS ESSENTIAL IN ELICITING MAXIMUM PERSONNEL EFFICIENCY

1. Adequate pay
2. Opportunity for advancement
3. Recognition for good work
4. Interesting and meaningful work
5. Reasonable Security
6. Recognition and respect for the individual as a human being.

FIVE AREAS OF PERSONNEL PROGRAM

1. Acquisition of competent personnel consists of human resource planning, job description, specification,
recruitment, selection, placement, transfer, separation, etc.
2. Conduct of the holding and retaining competent personnel, promoting fair wages, reasonable working
hours, other employees.
3. Provide development and motivation of personnel consists of training, education, appraisal, promotion,
suggestion system, etc.
4. Labor and human relations deal with applying laws and court decisions affecting personnel actions,
proper attitude, courtesy, and behavior of all employees.
5. Efficient program administration deals with the attitude in applying, implementing, and interpreting
organization policies, rules and regulations.

PERSONNEL POLICIES
Policy- is the general plan of action serves as a guide in the interpretation of the organization. All the
organization’s policies make up the basic framework of management decisions that set the organization to follow.

Types of Polices According to Origin

1. Originated Policy- this type of policy comes from the top level management and is intended to set up
guidelines in the organization’s operation. It is usually broad in scope to allow subordinates officers
some latitude in implementing them in minor polices or rules and procedures.
2. Appealed Policy- Policy is borne when problem arise at the lower levels of the organization and the
person in charge does not know how to meet the problem. He then appeals to his superiors for
guidance. The decision made by top management on the matter becomes a precedent and a guide for
future action.
3. Imposed Policy- this is a policy from the government agencies in-laws

According to their Subject Matter

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 1. General Statement of Principles- Policies stated in broad terms, such as statement of objectives,
philosophy or creed.
2. Statement of Procedure- this pertains to procedures to be taken in certain situations and is narrower in
scope than a statement of principles. Normally, directions are given, but the specific solution to a
problem is not stated so that the policy may apply to any situations as possible.
3. Specific Rules- It can cover specific situations. They are more direct and less flexible. While they can
solve specific problems, they can cause more irritations because of their rigid nature.

Communicating Personnnel Policies

1. Handbooks
2. Policy Manual
3. Numbered Memoranda and Circulars
4. Bulletin Boards
5. Meetings and conferences.

FUNCTIONS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION

1) PRIMARY OR LINE FUNCTIONS- functions that carry out the major purposes of the organization,
delivering the services and dealing directly with the public examples of the line functions of the police are
Patrolling, traffic duties, and crime investigation
2) STAFF/ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS- functions that are designed to support the line functions and
assist in the performance of the line functions examples of the staff functions of the police are
Planning, research, budgeting and legal advice
3) AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS - functions involving the logistical operations of the organization examples are
communication, maintenance, records management, supplies and equipment management

ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION

1) OPERATIONAL UNITS those that perform primary or line functions examples are patrol, traffic,
investigation and vice control,

2) ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS those that perform the administrative functions examples are personnel,
finance, planning and training

3) SERVICE UNITS those that perform auxiliary functions examples are communication, records
management

POLICE TERRITORIAL UNITS

A. POST- a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty.

B. ROUTE- the length of street or streets, designated for patrol purposes, also referred to as line beat.
C .BEAT- an area designed for patrol purposes, whether foot or motorized.
D. SECTOR- an area containing two or more beats, routes or posts.
E. DISTRICT- a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes, usually with its own station.

FUNCTIONAL UNITS

A. BUREAU- The largest organic unit within a large department. The PNP is a bureau under the DILG

B. DIVISION- The primary subdivision of a bureau.

C. SECTION- Functional units within a particular division. This is necessary for specialization.

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 D. UNITS- a functional group within a section where further specialization is needed.

OTHER TERMINOLOGIES

A. SWORN OFFICER- The term referring to personnel of the police department who has taken oath of office
and possesses the power to arrest.

B. SUPERIOR OFFICER- One having supervisory responsibilities over officers to the lower rank, whether
temporary or permanent

C. RANKING OFFICER-Refers to the officers having the highest rank or grade according to their date of
appointment to that grade

D. LENGTH OF SERVICE- The period of time elapsed since the oath of office was administered.

E. ACTIVE SERVICE- shall refer to services rendered as an officer and non-officer, cadet, trainee or draftee
in the PNP

II. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES AND PRINCIPLES

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE - the systematic arrangement of the relationship of the members, positions,
departments and functions or work of the organization it is comprised of functions, relationships, responsibilities and
authorities of individuals within the organization.

KINDS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES

1) LINE the oldest and simplest kind; also called military defined by its clear chain of command from the
highest to the lowest and vice versa depicts the line functions of the organization orders or commands must
come from the higher level of authority before it can be carried out involves few departments

2) FUNCTIONAL structure according to functions and specialized units depicts staff functions of the
organization responsibilities are divided among authorities who are all accountable to the authority above

3) LINE AND STAFF a combination of the line and functional kind combines the flow of information from the
line structure with the staff departments that service, advice, and support them generally more formal in
nature and has many departments. The Philippine National Police follow the line and staff kind of
organizational structure.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART an illustration in the form of a chart which represents the organizational structure the
mechanical means of depicting the organizational structure refer to the Philippine National Police Organizational
Chart

FOUR PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF AN ORGANIZATION

1) AUTHORITY - the supreme source of government for any particular organization. The right to decide and
command by virtue of rank and position

2) MUTUAL COOPERATION- an organization exists because it serves a purpose

3) DOCTRINE- defines the organization’s objectives

4) DISCIPLINE- comprising behavioral regulations

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 PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

1) UNITY OF COMMAND - dictates that there should only be ONE MAN commanding the unit to ensure
uniformity in the execution of orders

2) SPAN OF CONTROL - the maximum number of subordinates that a superior can effectively supervise

Factors affecting the span of control:

a) Leadership qualities of the supervisors

b) Nature of the job and work conditions
c) Complexity of task
d) Education and skill of the employees

3) DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY - conferring of certain specified authority by a superior to a subordinate

4) HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY - the relationship between superiors and subordinates

5) SPECIALIZATION - the assignment of particular personnel to particular tasks which are highly technical
and require special skills and training

6) CHAIN OF COMMAND - the arrangement of officers from top to bottom on the basis of rank or position
and authority

7) COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY dictates that immediate commanders shall be responsible for the
effective supervision and control of their personnel and unit

DERELICTION OF DUTY

A. NON-FEASANCE- it is the omission of some act which ought to be performed.

Also referred to as neglect of duty

B. MISFEASANCE- It is the improper performance of some act which might be lawfully done.
Irregularities in the performance of duties

C. MALFEASANCE- Performance of some act which ought not to be done

Also known as misconduct

III. PRINCIPLES OF SUPERVISION

Supervision refers to the act of overseeing people. In the police organization, the process of overseeing subordinates
and line officers.

A. The Police Supervisor

Supervisor in its generic sense refers to a person in charge of setting goals for performance and deadlines
in ways that comply with the organization’s plans and vision. In its strict sense, this refers to a person in charge of
organizing the workflow and ensures that subordinates understand their duties or delegated tasks, monitors
productivity, and provides feedback and coaching.

The Basic responsibilities of the Supervisor

1. Direction
2. Creation of as suitable working climate
3. Employee development
4. Self-development

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B. Police Leadership
Leadership- The ability of an individual to influence, motivate and enable others to contribute toward the
effectiveness and success of the organizations of which they are members.

Leadership Style

1. The Autocratic
- Highly authoritative.
- Makes decisions without allowing subordinates to participate. He directs, commands his men in
such a manner that no forgets who is the boss.

2. The Democratic
- The leader, who leads democratically, seeking ideas and suggestions from his subordinates and
allowing them to participate in decision making, secures the best result of as leader.

3. The Free Rein

- The leader who plays down his role as such as exercises minimum control seldom gives his
subordinates the attention of help they need. He does not interfere with them but permits a laissez
faire operation.

4. Laissez-faire
- The leader interferes very little with workers. In this style productivity and morale suffer, and
unofficial leaders emerge to fill the void.

C. Elements of Leadership

1. Indicators of leadership- a high level of discipline in its broadest sense in an organization is perhaps the best
mark of good organizational leadership. Ordinarily, if discipline is present a high level of esprit de corps and
morale will result together with efficiency.

2. Psychology of leadership- the maintenance of a high level of discipline and morale requires some practical
knowledge of the psychological factors that affect human behavior. Little supervision has an instinctive
knowledge of these factors that comes only with training and experience.

3. Leadership Ethics- the position of true leadership places upon the leader a moral obligation to adhere strictly
to the high standards of honor and integrity. His moral code must beyond reproach. His conduct is
appraised in three frames of reference- what it actually is, what he thinks and what he appears to others.

D. Leadership Characteristics
Ideally, every leader should posses the following traits:

1. Friendliness, sincerity, affection for pothers and personal warmth. A sincere expression of pleasure when a
greeting is given, especially to a subordinate has inestimable value.
2. Enthusiasm for the job and all it entails. Sincerity and the ability to display it are vital traits of the leader. Zeal
to do the right thing and to get the job done is extremely contagious and is quickly felt by others.
3. Ambition. With reason, ambition is desirable; however it must be controlled or it can become a millstone
around the superior’s neck.
4. Physical and nervous energy and vitality. Being a leader requires much physical and nervous stamina and a
high frustration tolerance.
5. Moral and physical Integrity- the leader has moral as well as physical courage. He has sense of direction
and purpose.
6. Intelligence- it has been shown that the successful leader almost has more intelligence than those he leads.
He has sense of imagination and humor. He is capable of making objective observations.

12
 7. Technical skill- the most successful leader has a technical mastery of his job, including the teaching skill
which often takes the place of giving others.
8. Faith- the leader has faith and confidence in himself and his subordinates. Men will seldom have confidence
in an individual who has no confidence in himself.
9. Verbal Aptitude- a large amount of experimental work supports the conclusion that the most successful
leaders are persuasive and tactful.
10. Courtesy- Politeness is a civility that must be practiced at all times. The superior cannot afford to be outdone
by his subordinates.
11. Modesty- the real leader can afford to be modest. His accomplishment alone will attest to his value.
12. In addition, self-control, dependability, empathy for others, good judgment, originality, versatility and
adaptability are usually found in the most successful leader.

Personality of a Leader- the personality of an individual is a composite of his personal characteristics. Every good
leader has the capacity of a good supervisor. Personal traits of successful leaders should be observed and studied
by the supervisor in refining his techniques.

E. Categories of a good Leadership

1. Actual- giving guidance or direction.

2. Potential- the capacity or ability to lead. “born leader”

F. Theory of Leadership effectiveness

It is argued that a successful or effective leadership style depends on the following factors.

1. Leader-Member Relation
- The most important determinant of leader effectiveness is the degree to which the leader enjoys the
acceptance, confidence, support and loyalty of subordinates. When leader-member relations are
strong, the leader has a full range of personal and organizational bases of influence to use in trying to
gain subordinates support.
2. Task Structure
- The degree to which subordinate jobs are routine, in contrast to non-routine, is the measure of task
structure. Highly structured task, such as those requiring a great deal of repetition, confer much
authority and power on managers. Such tasks are likely to have very specific performance criteria.
Tasks of a non-routine nature usually necessitate a more democratic, less dominant leadership style.
3. Leader Position Power
- The extent of formal and informal power granted to the manager by the organization is the measure of
the leader position power. Such power is indicated by the manager’s authority, vested in him or her by
the top management of the organization. High position power allows for the use of more autocratic
leadership styles; low position power usually requires a more democratic, or even a laissez-faire
approach.

G. Determining Effective Leadership

The simplest way to measure the effectiveness of leadership entails evaluating the size of the following that
the leader can muster.

a. The amount of leading- means valuing productivity; effective leaders generate higher productivity, lower
costs, and more opportunities.
b. Transformational leaders- unite followers in a shared vision that will improve an organization and society at
large.
c. The Functional Leadership- conceives a leadership as a set of behaviors that helps a group perform a task,
reaches their goal, or performs their function.
d. The metaphor of an orchestral conductor- has been used to describe the quality of the leadership process.
An effective leader resembles an orchestra conductor in some ways. Leaders have to somehow get a group

13
 of potentially diverse and talented people- many of whom have strong personalities to work together toward
a common output.

H. Suggested Qualities of a Leader

1. Guiding others through modeling and through willingness to serve other first.
2. Talent and technical/specific skill.
3. Initiative and entrepreneurial drive.
4. Charismatic Inspiration- attractiveness to others and the ability to influence this esteem to motivate others.
5. Preoccupation with a role- a dedication that consumes much of a leader’s life. Service to a cause.
6. A clear sense of purpose- clear goals; focus; commitment.
7. Results-orientation. Directing every action towards a mission. Prioritizing activities to spend time where
results most increase.
8. Cooperation. Works well with others
9. Optimism- confidence, cheerfulness, hopefulness. Very few pessimists became leaders.
10. Rejection of determinism. Belief in one’s Ability to “ make a difference”
11. Ability to encourage and nurture those that report to them. Delegates in such a way as people will grow.
12. Role Models. Leaders may adopt a persona that encapsulates their mission and lead by example.
13. Self-knowledge
14. Self-awareness. The ability to “lead” one’s own self prior to leading other selves.
15. With regard to people and to projects, the ability to choose winners- recognizing that, unlike with skills, one
cannot teach attitude.
16. Understanding what others say, rather than listening to how they say things.

Sources of a Leaders Power

1. Coercive power- subordinates fear of the manager.

2. Expert Power- leader’s possession of expertise, skill, or knowledge that convinces subordinates.
3. Legitimate Power- the higher the manager’s positions in the organization hierarchy, the greater his/her
legitimate power.
4. Referent Power- This is based on the magnetism of the leaders personal traits.
5. Reward power- this is based on the leader’s ability to give rewards.
6. Connection Power- This is based on the leader’s relationship with influential people.
7. Information power- This is based on the leader’s knowledge to valuable information which could be useful to
his subordinate.

Ways of Giving Order

1. Direct Command- A direct order which may be best given by command when emergent conditions require direct
prompt action.
2. Request- Most orders are framed as request.
3. Implied or Suggestive Orders- Directives which can be employed to good effect with the reliable employee who
readily assumes responsibility of his task.
4. Request for Volunteers- the calling of volunteers to perform dangerous or task which the leader cannot or should
not perform himself.

Symptoms of Leadership Failure

a. Selfishness
b. Suspicion
c. Envy
d. failure to give credit
e. hypercriticism

14
 f. Arbitrariness

IV. DISCIPLINE

Any training intended to produce specific character or pattern of behavior, especially training that produces moral,
physical, or mental development in a particular direction.
Essence of Police Discipline- Police discipline is a special form of police relations. Its specifics lie in coordination of
the conduct and actions of the police personnel and in serving to establish such relations which are required for successful
joint activity.

Forms of Positive Discipline

1. Formal training
2. On-the-job training
3. Corrective Interviews
4. Counselling

Forms of Negative Discipline

1. Oral reprimand or warning
2. Written reprimand
3. Loss of assignment
4. Loss of accrued time
5. Suspension without pay
6. Suspension without pay followed by a probationary period
7. Fines
8. Demotion
9. Termination
10. Judicial Action

The “Hot-Stove Rule” in Discipline”

This was advocated by Douglas McGregor, it suggests that in disciplining erring subordinates, the
disciplinary action should be immediate, with a warning, consistent and impersonal.

Steps in the Application of “Hot-Stove Rule”

1. Immediate investigation of the offense must be done to determine the facts.
2. Previous warning
3. Consistency
4. Disciplinary action must be impersonal

15
CHAPTER III. THE TRI-BUREAU

RA 6975 – THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT OF 1990
RA 8551 – THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE REFORM AND REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1998 and RA 9708,
RA 11200 which standardizes the way PNP officers are called

A. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG) -formerly Department of Local
Government (DLG) reorganized under RA 6975

ORGANIZATION: consist of:

a) the Department proper
b) existing bureaus and offices of the DLG
c) local government units (LGU)
1) provincial governors
2) city and municipal mayors
d) the National Police Commission
e) the Philippine Public Safety College
f) Philippine National Police
g) Bureau of Fire Protection
h) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
the PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were created under RA 6975 headed by the Secretary to be
appointed by the President and who shall serve at the pleasure of the President the Secretary shall be
assisted by two (2) Undersecretaries and three (3) Assistant Secretaries
a) Undersecretary for Local Government
b) Undersecretary for Peace and Order
No retired or resigned military officer or police official may be appointed as Secretary
within one (1) year from date of retirement or resignation the Secretary is also the ex officio
chairman of the National Police Commission refer to the organizational chart of DILG

16
 RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND)

Under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) was in charge with external security
while the DILG was in charge with internal security. under RA 8551, the Armed Forces of the
Philippines is now in charge with both internal and external security with the PNP as support
through information gathering and performance of ordinary police functions

EO 292 Series of 1987- this provides qualifications and limitations in the appointment in the appointment of
the memebers of the cabinet. This prohibits a fromer military officer from being appointed as Secretary of
National Deffense (SND) within three (3) years afeter relief from active dutty as a Commisioned officer of a
regular component of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)

B. NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION an agency attached to the DILG for policy coordination shall exercise
administrative control and operational supervision over the PNP

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NAPOLCOM

A. Exercise administrative control and operational supervision over the Philippine National Police (PNP)
which shall mean the power to:

1. Develop policies and promulgate a police manual prescribing rules and regulations for efficient
organization, administration, and operation, including criteria for manpower allocation distribution and deployment,
recruitment, selection, promotion, and retirement of personnel and the conduct of qualifying entrance and
promotional examinations for uniformed members;

2. Examine and audit, and thereafter establish standards for such purposes on a continuing basis, the
performance, activities, and facilities of all police agencies throughout the country;
3. Establish a system of uniform crime reporting;
4. Conduct annual self-report surveys and compile statistical data for accurate assessment of the crime
situation and the proper evaluation of the efficiency and effectiveness of all police units in the country;
5. Approve or modify plans and programs on education and training, logistical requirements,
communications, records, information systems, crime laboratory, crime prevention and crime reporting;
6. Affirm, reverse or modify, through the National Appellate Board, personnel administrative actions
involving the demotion or dismissal from the service imposed upon members of the Philippine National Police by the
Chief of the Philippine National Police;
7. Exercise appellate jurisdiction through the Regional Appellate Boards, over administrative cases
against policemen and over decisions on claims for police benefits;
8. Prescribe minimum standards for arms, equipment, and uniforms and, after consultation with the
Philippine Heraldry Commission, for insignia of ranks, awards, medals of honor;
9. Issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in matters pertaining to the discharge of its own powers and
duties, and designate who among its personnel can issue processes and administer oaths in connection
therewith;
10. Inspect and assess the compliance of the PNP on the established criteria for manpow er allocation,
distribution and deployment and their impact on the community and the crime situation, andthereafter
formulate appropriate guidelines for maximization of resources and effective utilization of the PNP personnel;
11. Monitor the performance of the local chief executives as deputies of the Commission; and
12. Monitor and investigate police anomalies and irregularities.

B. Advise the President on all matters involving police functions and administration;

C. Render to the President and to Congress an annual report of its activities and accomplishments during
the thirty (30)days after the end of the calendar year, which shall include an appraisal of the conditions obtaining in

17
the organization and administration of police agencies in the municipalities, cities and provinces throughout the
country, and recommendations for appropriate remedial legislations;

D. Recommend to the President, through the Secretary, within sixty (60) days before the commencement of
each calendar year, a crime prevention program; and

E. Perform such other functions necessary to carry out the provisions of R.A. 6975, as amended, other
existing laws and Presidential issuances, and as the President may direct.

COMPOSITION:
1) consist of a Chairperson,
2) four (4) regular Commissioners and
3) the Chief of PNP as ex officio member shall serve a term of office of six (6) years without reappointment
or extension
4) three of the four regular commissioners shall come from civilian sector and not former members
of the police or military
5) the fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law enforcement sector either active or retired
6) at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners shall be a woman
7) from among the three regular commissioners from the civilian sector,
8) the Vice Chairperson shall be chosen the Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive Officer of the
Commission refer to the organizational structure of the NAPOLCOM

QUALIFICATIONS OF THE REGULAR COMMISSIONERS

1) citizens of the Philippines
2) lawyers with at least five (5) years experience in handling criminal or human rights cases; or
3) holders of a master’s degree in public administration, sociology, criminology, criminal justice, law
enforcement and other related disciplines

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
composed of:
a) Commission Proper
b) Staff Services
1) Planning and Research
2) Legal Affairs
3) Crime Prevention and Coordination
4) Personnel and Administrative Service
5) Inspection, Monitoring and Investigation
6) Installations and Logistics
7) Financial Service
c) Disciplinary Appellate Boards
1) National Appellate Board - shall decide cases on appeal from the decisions rendered by the
Chief, PNP
2) Regional Appellate Board- shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by the mayor,
PLEB, and PNP officers other than the Chief, PNP - 1 RAB in every Region

C. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE organized pursuant to RA 6975, as amended by RA 8551 a law enforcement
agency under the operational control of the Department of the Interior and Local Government and administrative
supervision of the National Police Commission it is an organization that is national in scope and civilian in character,
as provided by Section 6, Article 16 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution: “The state shall establish and maintain one
police force which shall be national in scope and civilian in character…” headed by the Chief, PNP, with the rank of
Director General, appointed by the President and who shall serve a term of office of four (4) years

RELATIONSHIP OF THE PNP TO THE DILG

18
 Pursuant to Republic Act No. 6975 as amended by Republic Act No. 8551, The PNP in under the
administrative control and operational supervision of the National Police Commission. Meanwhile, the
NAPOLCOM is an attached agency of the Department of the Interior and Local Government for policy and
program coordination. The Secretary of the Interior and Local government is mandated to be the Ex- Officio
Chairman of NAPOLCOM.

NATIONAL IN SCOPE
This means that the PNP is a nationwide government organization whose jurisdiction covers
the entire breadth of the Philippine archipelago all uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the PNP are
national government employees
CIVILIAN IN CHARACTER –
This means that that the PNP is not a part of the military, although it retains some military
attributes such as discipline

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PNP

1) Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and properties;
2) Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public safety;
3) Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring offenders to justice and
assist in their prosecution;
4) Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance with the Constitution and
pertinent laws;
5) Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law, informing the person
so detained of all his rights under the Constitution;
6) Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance with law;
7) Supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies and issue licenses to operate
security agencies and to security guards and private detectives, for the purpose of their professions.

THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE PNP

1. PNP Command Group is headed by the Chief PNP who is vested with the power to command and
direct the PNP
Assisted by two Deputies assigned to the administration of the PNP (DDA) and one for operations
side (DDO).
2. The Chief of the Directorial Staff (TCDS) serves as the Chief Operations Officer of the PNP. He
coordinates, supervises, and directs the Directorial Staff and the PNP units in the performance of
their respective functions.
3. The Internal Affairs Service (IAS) is headed by a Inspector General who assists the Chief PNP in
ensuring operational readiness and investigates infractions of the regulations committed by the
members of the PNP.
4. The Human Rights Affairs Office (HRAO) is headed by a senior police commissioned officer who
serves as a manager of the facility that will supervise the implementation of the guidelines and
policies on human rights laws.
5. The Center for Police Strategy Management (CPSM) serves as the Central facility of the PNP in
coordinating and integrating all strategy management processes, sustaining its strategy execution
and management, and instilling in the organization a culture of strategy focus.

The Directorial Staff is composed of 16 directorates

1) The Directorate for Personnel and Records Management (DPRM). The director optimizes the utilization
of personnel resources both from the PNP- uniformed and non- uniformed personnel.
2) The Directorate for Intelligence (DI). The director manages the gathering/collating of intelligence
objectives through effective management of all intelligence and counter-intelligence activities of the
PNP. He also serves as the linkage of all foreigners with official transactions with the chief PNP.

19
3) The Directorate for Operations (DO). The director exercises the command, the control, the direction, the
coordination and the supervision of all activities on PNP operations such as deployment and
employment of personnel.
4) The Directorate for Logistics (DL). The director administers and manages material resources needed
for the PNP operations.
5) The Directorate for Plans (DPL). The director plans and programs strategic PNP operations. He also
represents the PNP in the inter-agency and international affairs on peace and order.
6) The Directorate for Comptrollership (DC). The director administers and manages the fiscal financial
resources.
7) The Directorate for Police-Community Relations (DPCR). The director formulates and implements
community –related activities, programs and projects. He also supervises the PNP Salaam Police
Center to undertake close monitoring, networking and liaisoning activities with the Muslim communities
in addressing terrorism and lawless violence in their respective areas to guarantee that the Muslims are
not discriminated, oppressed or singled-out.
8) The Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM). The director coordinates. Controls
and supervises all investigation activities.
9) The Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development (DHRDD). The director formulates
policies on matters pertaining to human resources and doctrine development.
10) The Directorate for Research and Development (DRD). The director engages in research and
development and does testing and evaluation of self-reliant projects.
11) The Directorate for Information and Communications Technology Management (DICTM). The director
integrates and standardizes all the PNP information systems and resources to further improve the
frontline services.

Five (5) Directorates for Integrated Police Operations (DIPOs):

1) Eastern Mindanao,
2) Western Mindanao,
3) Visayas,
4) Southern and
5) Northern Luzon

CAMP CRAME- the national headquarters of the Philippine National Police, located in Quezon City houses
the offices of the following:

National Headquarters

Office of the Chief, PNP

 Office of the Senior Executive Assistant to the Chief, PNP
 Spokesperson for the Chief, PNP

Office of the Deputy Chief for Administration

Office of the Deputy Chief for Operations

PNP Directorial Staff

 Office of the Chief of Directorial Staff
 Secretary to the Directorial Staff

Liaison Office for the Office of the President

 Office of the Senior Police Assistant to the Secretary of the Interior and Local Government
 Human Rights Affairs Office (HRAO)
 Center for Police Strategy Management (CPSM)
 Peace Process and Development Center (PPDC)
20
  Women and Children Protection Center (WCPC)

 Public Information Office (PIO)

 PNP Air Unit (AU)
 PNP Command Center (PCC)
 PNP Legislative Affairs Center
 Office of the Police Attaché

Directorial Staff

1) Directorate for Personnel and Records Management (DPRM)

a. Personnel Holding and Accounting Unit
2) Directorate for Intelligence (DI)
3) Directorate for Operations (DO)
4) Directorate for Logistics (DL)
5) Directorate for Plans (DPL)
6) Directorate for Comptrollership (DC)
7) Directorate for Police Community Relations (DPCR)
8) Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM)
9) Directorate for Human Resource Doctrine and Development (DHRDD)
10) Directorate for Research and Development (DRD)
11) Directorate for Information and Communications Technology Management (DICTM)
12) Area Police Command (APC)
a. Northern Luzon
b. Southern Luzon
c. Visayas
d. Western Mindanao
e. Eastern Mindanao
National Administration Support Units

1) Internal Affairs Service (IAS)

2) PNP Custodial Center
3) Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA)
4) PNP Training Institute (PNPTI)
5) Headquarters Support Service (HSS)
6) Health Service (HS)
7) Logistics Support Service (LSS)
8) Finance Service (FS)
9) PNP Training Service (PNPTS)
10) Engineering Service (ES)
11) Legal Service (LS)
12) Communications and Electronics Service (CES)
13) Information Technology Management Service (ITMS)
14) Police Retirement and Benefits Administration Service (PRBS)
15) Chaplain Service (ChS)
16) Police Recruitment and Selection Service (PRSS)

National Operational Support Units

21
 1) Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG)
2) Civil Security Group (CSG)
3) Special Action Force (SAF)
4) Highway Patrol Group (HPG)
5) Aviation Security Group (AVSeGroup)
6) Maritime Group (MG)
7) Intelligence Group (IG)
8) Forensic Group (FG; formerly PNP Crime Laboratory Group)
9) Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG)
10) Police Community Affairs and Development Group (PCADG; formerly Police Community Relations
Group)
11) Firearms and Explosives Office (FEO)
12) Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agencies (SOSIA)
13) Drug Enforcement Group (DEG; formerly Anti-Illegal Drugs Group)
14) Anti-Kidnapping Group (AKG)
15) Anti-Cybercrime Group (ACG)
16) Explosives Ordinance Disposal and Cannine Group (EOD-K9)
17) Integrity Monitoring and Enforcement Group (IMEG; formerly Counter-Intelligence Task Force)

Divisional organization
Area Police Command
Area of
Coverage Commander
Responsibility
Northern Luzon Ilocos Region, Cagayan Valley, Cordillera Region, and Central Luzon PLTGEN Felipe R. Natividad
PLTGEN Rhoderick C.
Southern Luzon Southern Tagalog and Bicol Region
Armamento
Visayas Entire Visayas Island PLTGEN Patrick T. Villacorte
Zamboanga Peninsula and Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim
Western Mindanao PLTGEN Vicente D. Danao Jr.
Mindanao
Eastern Mindanao Caraga Region, Soccsksargen, and Davao Region PLTGEN Filmore B. Escobal

POLICE REGIONAL OFFICES - the PNP is divided into seventeen (17) police regional offices (PRO), each
headed by a Regional Director:
 National Capital Region Police Office (NCRPO)
 PRO 1 to PRO 13
 Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR)
 Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)

PROVINCIAL POLICE OFFICES - for every region, there are provincial offices, each headed by a Provincial
Director in large provinces, police districts may be established to be headed by a District Director at the city or
municipal levels or stations, each is headed by a Chief of Police
Regional Offices
Regional Police Offices manage and administer Police Stations within the various regions of the Philippines,
each of which include several provinces and independent cities. Each unit exercises independent control over all
police units within their areas of operation and attached units of the PNP National Headquarters are ordered to
assist these Regional Offices. The National Capital Region Police Office is one such regional office.
Current Regional Offices Area of Responsibility Provincial/City/District Regional Director
22
 Seal Offices
PMGEN Jose
National Capital Region
National Capital Region – Metro Manila 5 (All District Offices) Melencio C.
Police Office (NCRPO)
Nartatez Jr.
Police Regional Office PBGEN David K.
Cordillera Administrative Region 7 (6 Provincials, 1 City)
Cordillera (PRO COR) Peredo
Police Regional Office 4 (All Provincial PBGEN John C.
Region 1 – Ilocos Region
1 (PRO1) Offices) Chua

Police Regional Office PBGEN Percival

Region 2 – Cagayan Valley 6 (5 Provincials, 1 City)
2 (PRO2) A. Rumbaoa

Police Regional Office 9 (7 Provincials, 2 PBGEN Jose S.

Region 3 – Central Luzon
3 (PRO3) Cities) Hidalgo Jr.
Police Regional Office 5 (All Provincial PBGEN Carlito
Region IV-A – CALABARZON
4A (PRO4A) Offices) M. Gaces
Police Regional Office PBGEN Joel B.
MIMAROPA – Southwestern Tagalog Region 6 (5 Provincials, 1 City)
Mimaropa (PRO4B) Doria
PBGEN
Police Regional Office
Region V – Bicol Region 7 (6 Provincials, 1 City) Westrimundo D.
5 (PRO5)
Obinque
Police Regional Office 8 (6 Provincials, 2 PBGEN Sidney
Region VI – Western Visayas
6 (PRO6) Cities) N. Villaflor
Police Regional Office 7 (4 Provincials, 3 PBGEN Anthony
Region VII – Central Visayas
7 (PRO7) Cities) A. Aberin
Police Regional Office 8 (6 Provincials, 2 PBGEN Vincent
Region VIII – Eastern Visayas
8 (PRO8) Cities) S. Calanoga
Police Regional Office PBGEN Neil B.
Region IX – Zamboanga Peninsula 4 (3 Provincials, 1 City)
9 (PRO9) Alinsangan
PBGEN
Police Regional Office 7 (5 Provincials, 2
Region X – Northern Mindanao Lawrence B.
10 (PRO10) Cities)
Coop
Police Regional Office PBGEN Alden B.
Region XI – Davao Region 6 (5 Provincials, 1 City)
11 (PRO11) Delvo
Police Regional Office Region XII – SOCCSKSARGEN / PBGEN Jimili L.
5 (4 Provincials, 1 City)
12 (PRO12) Bangsamoro barangays in North Cotabato[24] Macaraeg
Police Regional Office PBGEN Pablo G.
Region XIII – Caraga 6 (5 Provincials, 1 City)
13 (PRO13) Labra II
BARMM – Bangsamoro Autonomous Region
Police Regional Office
in Muslim Mindanao and Cotabato City / PBGEN Allan C.
Bangsamoro Autonomous 7 (6 Provincials, 1 City)
Excluding Bangsamoro barangays in North Nobleza
Region (PRO BAR)[24]
Cotabato

District Offices

23
 Region
District Offices Area of Responsibility al District Director
Office
Eastern Police District (EPD) Mandaluyong, Marikina, Pasig, San Juan NCRPO PBGEN Wilson C. Asueta
Manila Police District (MPD) City of Manila NCRPO PBGEN Andre P. Dizon
PBGEN Ponce Rogelio
Northern Police District (NPD) Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela NCRPO
Peñones
Quezon City Police District
Quezon City NCRPO PBGEN Nicolas D. Torre III
(QCPD)
LasPiñas, Makati, Muntinlupa, Parañaque, Pateros, Pasa
Southern Police District (SPD) NCRPO PBGEN Kirby John B. Kraft
y, Taguig
Metropolitan Davao Police (PRO)
Metro Davao PBGEN Alexander C. Tagum
District (MDPD) 11

Except in Metro Manila, regional police offices are organized into:

1) City Police Office (CPO)

a. City Special Weapons and Tactics (CSWAT)
b. Component City Police Station (CCPS)
c. Police Community Precincts (PCP)
2) Municipal Police Stations (MPS)
3) City Police Stations (CPS)
4) Police Provincial Office (PPO)
a. District Police Office (DPO)
b. District Police Maneuver Unit (DPMU)
c. Provincial Mobile Force Company (PMFC)
5) Police Regional Office (PRO)
a. Regional Mobile Force Battalion (RMFB)
b. Regional Headquarters Support Unit (RHSU)
6) Police Substations (PS)

Internal Affairs Service

The PNP created a national Internal Affairs Service (IAS) in June 1999. It is an organization within the
structure of the PNP and one of its tasks is to help the Chief institute reforms to improve the image of the police force
through assessment, analysis and evaluation of the character and behavior of the PNP personnel. It is headed by the
Inspector General.
National Operations Center (NOC)
The National Operations Center (NOC) is at Camp Crame. Chief Superintendent Constante Azares Jr., chief
of the PNP-NOC, explained that "the NOC is the hub and nerve of this facility."[25]
Operational units
The following operational support units exist within the PNP.

1) Anti-Cybercrime Group (ACG) – responsible for the investigation of cybercrime, conducting forensic
analyses on seized computers and digital evidence, and for assessing vulnerabilities in public and private IT
infrastructure.

24
 2) Anti-Kidnapping Group (AKG) – responsible in addressing kidnapping menace in the country and in
handling hostage situations.
3) Aviation Security Group (AVSEGROUP) – responsible for the security of Philippine airports against threats
to civil aviation.
4) Civil Security Group (CSG) – responsible for the regulation of all organized private detectives, watchmen,
security agencies, and company guard forces. It also supervises the licensing and registration of firearms
and explosives.
5) Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG) – responsible for monitoring, investigating, and
prosecuting all crimes involving economic sabotage, and other crimes of such magnitude and extent as to
indicate their commission by highly placed or professional criminal syndicates and organizations. It also
conducts organized crime control and handles all major cases involving violations of the penal code or other
laws assigned.
6) Drug Enforcement Group (DEG) – responsible for the prevention and control of illegal drugs in support of
the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency. It is formerly known as the PNP Anti Illegal Drugs Group.
7) The Highway Patrol Group (HPG) – responsible for enforcing traffic laws and motor vehicle registration and
regulation and assisting the Land Transportation Office and is also part of the LTFRB #I-ACT!. This group is
rarely seen outside of highly urbanized areas or in any provincial areas however.[citation needed]
8) Integrity Monitoring and Enforcement Group (IMEG) – responsible for conducting intelligence build-up and
law enforcement operations against PNP personnel who are involved in any illegal activities such as drug
trafficking, human trafficking, financial crimes, cybercrime, malversation, graft and corrupt practices, security
violations, and others. It replaced the Counter-Intelligence Task Force (CITF).
9) Intelligence Group (IG) – responsible for intelligence and counter-intelligence.
10) Forensic Group (FG) – responsible for carrying out different forensic services and scientific investigations.
Known previously as the Crime Laboratory (CL), it includes the Scene of the Crime Operations (SOCO)
division.
11) Philippine National Police boat on the Iloilo River, Iloilo City
12) Maritime Group (MG) – responsible for performing all police functions over Philippine territorial waters,
lakes, and rivers and along coastal areas, including ports, harbors, and small islands for the security and
the safety of the maritime environment.
13) Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG) – responsible for the security of vital government installations,
government officials, visiting dignitaries and private individuals authorized to be given protection. It also
supports the Presidential Security Group in protecting the president and their family.
14) Special Action Force (SAF) – a mobile strike force or a reaction unit to augment regional, provincial,
municipal and city police force for civil disturbance control, internal security operations, hostage-taking
rescue operations, search and rescue in times of natural calamities, disasters and national emergencies
and other special police operations such as anti-hijacking, anti-terrorism, and explosives and ordnance
disposal.
15) PNP Air Unit (AU) – a highly specialized police unit specializing in providing air support to the entire PNP. It
is staffed by a pool of professional, licensed and experienced pilots and aircraft mechanics. Once a part of
Special Action Force.[39]
Philippine National Police Academy
The Philippine National Police Academy is located at Camp Gen. Mariano N. Castaneda, Silang, Cavite and is the
premier training academy for the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Jail Management & Penology and Bureau of
Fire Protection.

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE CHIEF PNP- The command and direction of the PNP shall
be vested in the Chief, PNP who shall have the power to:
1) direct and control tactical as well as strategic movements, deployment, placement, utilization of
the PNP or any of its units and personnel, including its equipment, facilities and other resources;
2) issue detailed implementing policies and instructions regarding personnel, funds,
properties, records, correspondence, and such other matters as may be necessary;
3) Dismiss police officers…
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 THE IDEAL MANNING LEVELS (POLICE-TO-POPULATION RATIO)
The standard manning level is 1:500 in rural areas (1 police officer forevery 500
residents), 1:1000 in urban areas (1 police officer for every 1000residents).

PNP RANK CLASSIFICATION AND ITS COUNTERPART IN THE MILITARY

PNP MILITARY
Director General General
Deputy Director General Lieutenant General
Director Major General
Chief Superintendent Brigadier General
Senior Superintendent Colonel
Superintendent Lieutenant Colonel
Chief Inspector Major
Senior Inspector Captain
Inspector Lieutenant
Senior Police Officer 4 Master Sergeant
Senior Police Officer 3 Technical Sergeant
Senior Police Officer 2 Staff Sergeant
Senior Police Officer 1 Sergeant
Police Officer 3 Corporal
Police Officer 2 Private 1stclass
Police Officer 1 Private

POLICE NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER RANKS (PNCO) - PO1 to SPO4

POLICE COMMISSIONED OFFICER RANKS (PCO)- INSPECTOR TO DIRECTOR GENERAL

Insignia Classic Rank Equivalent rank (2019)

Silver Police Director General Police General (P/GEN)
(PDGEN)
Stars

Silver Police Deputy Director Police Lieutenant General

General (PDDG) (PLTGEN)
Stars

Silver Police Director (PDIR) Police Major General

(PMGEN)
Stars

Silver Police Chief Police Brigadier General

Superintendent (PBGEN)
Stars
(PC/SUPT)

Silver Police Senior Police Colonel (P/COL)

Superintendent
Sampaguita
(PS/SUPT)
Cluster

26
Silver Police Superintendent Police Lieutenant Colonel
(PSUPT) (PLTCOL)
Sampaguita
Cluster
Silver Police Chief Inspector Police Major (P/MAJ)
(PC/INSP)
Sampaguita
Cluster
Bronze Police Senior Inspector Police Captain (P/CAPT)
(PS/INSP)
Anahaw
Leaf
Bronze Police Inspector Police Lieutenant (P/LT)
(PINSP)
Anahaw
Leaf
Executive SPO-PEMS has chevron and white sampaguita cluster at the center
flanked by gold laurel leaves.
Chevron Senior Police Officer IV Police Executive Master
(SPO4) Sergeant (PEMS)
Chevron Senior Police Officer III Police Chief Master
(SPO3) Sergeant (PCMS)
Chevron Senior Police Officer II Police Senior Master
(SPO2) Sergeant (PSMS)
Chevron Senior Police Officer I Police Master Sergeant
(SPO1) (PMSgt.)
Chevron Police Officer III (PO3) Police Staff Sergeant
(PSsgt.)
Chevron Police Officer II (PO2) Police Corporal (PCpl.)

Chevron Police Officer I (PO1) Patrolman / Patrolwoman

(Pat.)

Cadets of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) are classified above the Senior Police Officer IV
and below the Inspector rank in the PNP.

27
KEY POSITIONS and their CORRESPONDING RANKS IN THE PNP
CHIEF - highest position in the PNP, with the rank of DIRECTOR GENERAL
Deputy Director General Ranks
A. DDG for Administration (2ndin Command)
B. DDG for Operation (3rdin Command)
C. Chief of the Directorial Staff (4thin Command)
NCR DIRECTOR – with the rank of DIRECTOR
REGIONAL DIRECTOR - with the rank of CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT
PROVINCIAL DIRECTOR - with the rank of SENIOR SUPERINTENDENT
NCR DISTRICT DIRECTOR - with the rank of CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT
CHIEF OF POLICE – with the rank of CHIEF INSPECTOR

STATUS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE PNP police officers are employees of the national government
and shall draw their salaries from the national budget they shall have the same salary grade level as that of
public school teachers police officers assigned in Metro Manila, chartered cities and first class
municipalities may be paid financial incentives by the local government unit concerned subject to availability
of funds

PERSONNEL RECRUITMENT

Recruitment- the process of attracting candidates who have the maximum qualifications to be
eligible for the selection procedure.
Selection- Process of screening out/eliminating undesirable applicants that do not meet the
organization’s selection criteria.
Appointment- Selection by the authority, vested with the power of an individual who exercises the
function of a given office.

GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE PNP (RA 6975, as amended by RA 8551and
RA 9708)
a) A citizen of the Philippines;
b) A person of good moral conduct;
c) Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical tests to be administered by the PNP
or by any NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital for the purpose of determining physical and mental
health;
d) Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution of learning; graduate of any
four-year course
e) Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the Commission;
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 Must have passed the board examination given by the Profession Regulation Commission
(PRC) or the NAPOLCOM Police Entrance Examination
f) Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or dismissed for cause from any
civilian position in the Government;
g) Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an offense or crime involving moral turpitude;
h) Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62 m) in height for male and one
meter and fifty-seven (1.57 m) for female;
i) Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms (5kgs) from the standard weight corresponding
to his or her height, age and sex; and
j) For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty (30) years of age

Pursuant to RA 9708, “…PNP members who are already in the service upon the effectivity of Republic Act
No. 8551 shall be given five (5) years to obtain the minimum educational qualification preferably in law
enforcement related courses, to be reckoned from the date of the effectivity of this amendatory Act:
Provided, furthermore, That for concerned PNP members rendering more than fifteen (15) years of
service and who have exhibited exemplary performance as determined by the Commission, shall no longer
be required to comply with the aforementioned minimum educational requirement.”

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11549, May 26, 2021 ]- AN ACT LOWERING THE MINIMUM HEIGHT
REQUIREMENT FOR APPLICANTS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP), BUREAU OF FIRE
PROTECTION (BFP), BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY (BJMP), AND BUREAU OF
CORRECTIONS (BUCOR), AMENDING REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6975, AS AMENDED, REPUBLIC ACT NO.
9263, AND REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10575
“Must be at least one meter and fifty-seven centimeters (1.57 m.) in height for males and one meter
and fifty-two centimeters (1.52 m.) for females: Provided, That a waiver for height and age requirements
shall be automatically granted to applicants belonging to the cultural communities/indigenous peoples; and”

PNP Applicant Requirements

1. PSA issued Birth Certificate of Patrolman/Patrolwoman Applicant
2. PSA Issued Advisory on Marriage of PNP personnel
3. PSA Issued Advisory on Marriage of Spouse
4. PSA Issued Marriage Contract
5. PSA Issued Birth Certificate of Dependents
6. PSA Issued Certificate of Non Marriage (CENOMAR)
7. Photocopy of valid ID with three (3) specimen signatures
8. Affidavit of Undertaking Regarding Incontestability of Declared Birth Date
9. *College Diploma &Transcript of Record (TOR)
10. *General Weighted Average (GWA) of TOR
11. *Good Moral Character (from school last attended)
12. Eligibility (NAPOLCOM/CSC/PRC/PD No. 907)
13. *Report of Rating
14. *PRC shall also attach the authenticated PRC License
15. *National Police Clearance
16. *Barangay
17. *Mayor / ADHOC Committee Recommendation
18. *Prosecutor/Fiscal
19. *MTC
20. *RTC

29
21. *NBI
22. *1pc Colored whole body picture
23. *1 pc Bust-size
24. *2 pcs 2x2 colored with name tag

Note: Body Mass Index (BMI) with the maximum passing value of 26.5.

PNP Recruitment Screening Procedure

a. Preliminary Interview/Screening – A point system shall be applied in the assessment and evaluation of
the measurable qualification standards possessed by an individual applicant. The applicant shall be
interviewed personally by the Screening Committee. If the applicant qualifies, he/she shall be required to
present or accomplish the following:

Criteria Minimum Points Maximum Points

Educational 21 30
Eligibility 21 30
Physical Agility Test 10.5 15
Final Interview 16 25
Total 68.5 100

Additional Points are given for those with Masteral, LLB units, graduates with honors and with
multiple eligibilities (maximum 30 points)

b. Physical Agility Test (15 pts) – Physical Agility Test is one of the requirements by the PNP in order to
evaluate the physical qualification of these aspiring Patrolman/woman applicants whether he or she possess
the required condition such as strength and speed applicable in the service. The Screening Committee
composed of personnel from RPHRDD and Regional Health Service took the lead as the screening
committee.
o The Screening Committee shall require the applicant to undergo a physical agility test designed to
determine whether or not he possesses the required coordination, strength and speed of movement
necessary for service, as follows:

1 Minute Push-up with passing score of 35 repetition for male and 25 repetition for female (bench
push-up);
1 Minute Sit-ups (35 reps for male and 25 reps for female); and
3- Kilometer run (19 mins for male and 21 mins for female).

Physical Agility Test:

Maximum Total – 100 pts
Passing Score: – 75 pts

c. Psychological and/or Neuro Psychiatric Test – To exclude applicants who may be suffering from any
mental disorder, the applicant shall take a psychological and/or neuro-psychiatric test to be administered by
the PNP, or any duly recognized institution and meet all the requirements in paragraph (a) above.

d. Character and Background Investigation – The Screening Committee shall cause an intensive
investigation to be conducted on the character and background of the applicant with the view of determining
his character reputation and possible involvement in any questionable or criminal activities as well as his
propensity toward violence or use of force.

30
e. Physical/Menta/Dental Examination – In order to determine whether or not the applicant is in good health,
free from any contagious diseases, a physical and medical examination must be conducted by the
city/municipal health officer or PNP medical officer after he/she qualified for preliminary interview.

f. Final interview (25 pts) – The Screening Committee shall interview the qualified applicant for suitability for
police work. The interview shall aid in determining likeableness, affability, attitude towards work, outside
interest, forcefulness, conversational ability, disagreeable mannerism, etc.

g. Oath-Taking – After the final deliberation and through selection among the qualified applicants, the
successful applications shall take their oath of Office.

h. Probationary – period of at least twelve (12) months.

The New Patrolman/woman must undergo the Public Safety Basic Recruit Course (PSBRC) and
Field Training Program in order to attain permanent status.

Napolcom Participation In The Pnp Recruitment And Promotion Programs

NAPOLCOM representatives to the PNP Recruitment Screening Committees are actively involved
in the recruitment and selection process including interview of applicants, the PNP Neuro-Psychiatric
Examinations, Physical/Medical and Dental Examination, Physical Agility Test (PAT) and Drug Test.

There are also NAPOLCOM Representatives to the following PNP Promotion Boards.
1. PCO Promotion Boards
2. PNCO Promotion Board
3. Lateral Entry Board

POLICE TRAINING- is a means of providing knowledge and skill to police officers which are needed in the
performance of their functions. Its objective is to bring the police force to the desired standards of discipline
and efficiency by making each police officer fully aware of his duties and responsibilities and by providing
him with a working knowledge of police procedures and techniques.

Types of Police Training Program

1. Basic Recruit Training- Is the most basic of all police training. It is a pre-requisite for permanency
of appointment and is required for newly hired police officers. In the Philippine National Police, a newly
appointed Police Officer 1 is required to undergo a Public Safety Basic Recruit Course (PSBRC).
2. Field Training Program (FTP)- On-the-job training is the process by which an individual police
officer who is recruited into the service receives formal instruction on the job for special and defined purpose
and performs actual job functions with periodic appraisal on his performance and progress.
As provided for under R.A. 8551, police officers are required to undergo a Field Training Program
for
Twelve (12) months (inclusive of the PSBRC) involving actual experience and assignment in patrol, traffic
and investigation which is required for permanency in the police service.

Exception from field training program

Under Section 33, R.A 6975, PNPA Graduates shall be automatically appointed to the
initial rank of Police Inspector via Lateral Entry.
Taking into considerations that the PNPA Cadetship Program is a four years course that
includes academic subjects on the core police functions such as patrol, traffic, and criminal
investigation and on-the-job training in urban and rural areas, PNPA graduates are exempted to
undergo the FTP and that they shall be issued with a permanent status.

3.In- Service Training Program- or refresher training program.

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The following are examples of in-service training programs as mandatory requirement for promotion:
1. Junior Leadership Training- (JLC) PO1- PO3
2. Senior Leadership Training- (SLC) SPO1-SPO4
3. Police Basic Course- (PBC) for Senior Police Officers
4. Officers Basic Course (OBC)- Inspector to Chief Inspectors
5. Officers Advance Course (OAC)- for Chief Inspectors to Senior Superintendent
6. Officer Senior Executive Course (OSEC)- Superintendent and above
7. Directorial Staff Course (DSC)- For Directors and above

Departmental Training Program

a. Roll-Call Training- instructional courses of several hours a day concerning departmental activities
b. Supervisory Development- Specialized or technical training- Seminars of special sessions on
criminal investigation, traffic, drug, control, etc.
c. Training conducted by other law enforcement units or agencies

Examination And Eligibility

The National Police Commission shall administer the entrance and promotional examinations for
police officers on the basis of the standards set by the Commission (as amended by RA 8551).
POLICE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION – taken by applicants of the PNP
POLICE PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATIONS – taken by in-service police officers as part of
the mandatory requirements for promotion
POLICE OFFICER EXAMINATION
SENIOR POLICE OFFICER EXAMINATION
INSPECTOR EXAMINATION
SUPERINTENDENT EXAMINATION Police officers, who are LICENSED CRIMINOLOGISTS,
no longer need to take the Police Promotional Examinations as part of the requirements for promotion.
As PRC BOARD PASSERS, they have already complied with the eligibility requirement.

APPOINTMENT OF UNIFORMED PNP PERSONNEL

PO1 TO SPO4 – appointed by the Regional Director for regional personnel or by the Chief, PNP
for the national headquarters
INSP TO SUPT – appointed by the Chief, PNP
SR SUPT TO DDG – appointed by the President upon recommendation of the Chief, PNP, subject
to confirmation by the Commission on Appointments
DIRECTOR GENERAL – appointed by the President from among the senior officers down to
the rank of CSupt, subject to the confirmation of the Commission on Appointments

KINDS OF APPOINTMENT
1) PERMANENT – when an applicant possesses the upgraded general qualifications for
appointment in the PNP
2) TEMPORARY – when the appointment of an applicant is under the waiver program due to
weight requirements pending satisfaction of the requirement waived

LATERAL ENTRY OF OFFICERS admission to the PNP with the initial rank of Inspector or Senior
Inspector of qualified applicants belonging to certain professions
INSPECTOR RANK: dentists, optometrists, nurses, engineers, graduates of forensic sciences,
graduates of the Philippine National Police Academy and licensed criminologists
SENIOR INSPECTOR RANK: chaplains, members of the bar and doctors of medicine

WAIVERS FOR INITIAL APPOINTMENT TO THE PNP (RA 8551)- The age, height, weight and
educational requirements for initial appointment to the PNP may be waived only when the number of
qualified applicants falls below the minimum annual quota, provided:
1) That an applicant shall not be below twenty (20) nor over thirty-five (35) years of age; and

32
2) That any applicant not meeting the weight requirement shall be given reasonable time but not to exceed
six (6) months within which to comply with the said requirement;
3) That the waiver for height requirement shall be automatically granted to applicants belonging to the
cultural minorities

SELECTION CRITERIA UNDER THE WAIVER PROGRAM

1) Applicants who possess the least disqualification shall take precedence over those who possess
more disqualification;
2) The requirement shall be waived in the following order: Age, Height, Weight and
Education.(AHWE)

Napolcom Resolution no. 2021-0719

PROMOTION - the upgrading of ranks and/or advancement to a position of leadership, it is the upward
movement from one classification or rank to another carrying higher benefits and more responsibility.

KINDS OF PROMOTION
1. REGULAR – promotion granted to police officers meeting the mandatory requirements
for promotion
2. SPECIAL – promotion granted to police officers who has exhibited acts of conspicuous
courage and gallantry at the risk of his/her life above and beyond the call of duty
CONSPICUOUS COURAGE - courage that is clearly distinguished above others in the
performance of one’s duty
3. Promotion by virtue of position- any PNP personnel designated to any key position whose rank
is lower than which is required for such position shall, after six (6) months of occupying the same,
be entitled to a rank adjustment corresponding to the position.

MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR PROMOTION

1. Educational attainment – applicable in promotion in position
2. Completion of appropriate training/schooling, such as:
Masteral Degree - Chief Superintendent and above
Officers Senior Executive Course (OSEC) – Supt to Sr Supt
Officers Advance Course (OAC) – Chief Insp
Officers Basic Course (OBC) – Sr Insp
Officers Candidate Course (OCC) – SPO4
Senior Leadership Course (SLC) – SPO3 to SPO4
Junior Leadership Course (JLC) – PO3 to SPO1
3. Time-in Grade – the number of years required for a police officer to hold a certain rank before
he can be promoted to the next higher rank
1 year – from Sr Supt to Deputy Director General
3 years – from Supt to Sr Supt
5 years – Chief Insp to Supt
5 years – Sr Insp to Chief Insp
3 years – Insp to Sr Insp
3 years – SPO4 to Insp
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 2 years – SPO3 to SPO4
2 years – SPO2 to SPO3
2 years – SPO1 to SPO2
2 years – PO3 to SPO1
1 year – PO2 to PO3
5 years – PO1 to PO2
4. Appropriate eligibility – the required promotional examinations

ACTS OF CONSPICUOUS COURAGE AND GALLANTRY (NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No. 2007-
003 and PNP Memorandum Circular No. 2009-019)
1. A deed of personal bravery and self sacrifice above and beyond the call of duty, so conspicuous
as to distinguish the act clearly over and above his/her comrades in the performance of more than ordinary
hazardous service, such as; but not limited to the following circumstances:
a. Overwhelming number of enemies and firepower capability as against the strength of
PNP operatives and their firepower capability;
b. Infiltration and penetration of the safehouses and hideouts of organized crime
syndicates like kidnapping, illegal drugs, carnapping, hijacking and terrorism;
c. Shoot-out in robbery/hold-up incidents inside public places such as: malls, government
offices, business establishments and PUVs;
d. Conduct of rescue/disaster operations that resulted in the saving of lives and
properties.

Award – anything tangible granted to an individual in recognition of acts of gallantry or heroism,

meritorious service or skill and proficiency.

Badges
Police Badge- Center of the left breast pocket
Combat Citation Badge- this placed above the right pocket on top of the citation badge.
Other badges (Parachutist, Technical Badges) - Above the left pocket on the top of
citation badges.

Medal – refers to the distinctive physical device of metal and ribbon which constitute the tangible
evidence of an award

PNP Decoration – an award conferred on a restricted individuals basis in recognition of and as a

reward for heroic, extraordinary, outstanding and meritorious acts, achievements and services.

The following are examples of authorized Decorations/medals/citation:

1. Police Medal of Valor - The Medalya ng Kagitingan or the PNP Medal of Valor is the highest award of the Philippine
National Police. It is awarded to any member of the Philippine National Police who have performed in action a deed
of personal bravery and self-sacrifice above and beyond the call of duty so conspicuous as to distinguish himself
clearly above his comrades in the performance of more than ordinary hazardous service. This
award may be given only if the enemy force is so overwhelming as compared to the government
troops.
- Granting authority; is the President of the Philippines
-Incentives; Sholarship of all qualified Children at PNPA, P 1,000.00 Cash and parade
honors at GHQ PNP and HRECOMs.
2. Medalya ng Kbayanihan (PNP DISTINGUISHED CONDUCT MEDAL)
 Granting Auhtority: DILG Secretary
 Scholarship of one dependent at PNPA and P 900.00 Cash
3. Police Heroism Medal - Awarded to members of the Philippine National Police for heroic achievement not warranting
the award of Medalya ng Kadakilaan and for a single act of heroism or a series of heroic acts in a duty responsibility

34
4. Wounded Police Medal - Awarded to members of the Philippine National Police actually performing their duties. For
having been wounded in action against an enemy as a direct result of an act of the enemy provided such wounds
necessitate treatment by a medical officer. For this purpose, a “wound” is defined as an injury to any part of the body
from an outside force, element or agent sustained as a result of a hostile act of the enemy.

5. Police Efficiency Medal - Awarded to members of the Philippine National Police for
eminently meritorious and invaluable service to merit recognition by the service as
exceptional.

6. Medalya Ng Katapatan Sa Paglilingkod (PNP Distinguished Service Medal)- Medalya ng Katapatan is awarded to
members of the Philippine National Police for exceptional performance of major responsibility duly recognized as
such by the service. The accomplishment of the duty should have been complete prior to submission of
recommendation or, if the person being recommended has been transferred prior to completion, the accomplishment
must have been determined to be exceptional or significant.

 Granting Authority: DILG Secretary

 P 500.00
7. Medalya Ng Kabayanihan (PNP Distinguished Conduct Medal)- The Medalya ng Kabayanihan is awarded to
uniformed members of the Philippine National Police for acts of conspicuous courage and gallantry in the face of an
armed enemy or act of heroism so notable and involving a risk of life so extraordinary as to set him apart from his
comrades.

8. Medalya Ng Katapangan (PNP Medal Of Bravery)- The decoration Medalya ng Katapangan or the PNP Medal of
Bravery is the fourth highest award of the Philippine National Police, corresponding to the Gold Cross Medal of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines. It is conferred on members of the Philippine National Police who have exhibited
gallantry in action. To qualify, awarded personnel must have had to face a superior enemy force in actual combat.
 Granting Authority: Chief PNP
 P500.00

9. Medalya Ng Katangitanging Gawa (PNP Outstanding Achievement Medal)- The Medalya ng Katangitanging Gawa is
awarded to PNP members and civilian personnel of the Republic of the Philippines and of friendly foreign nations for
distinguished or extraordinary achievement or service in the advancement of science, socio-economic, technical
and/or police related to public service of the highest order.

35
10. Medalya Ng Pambihirang Paglilingkod (PNP Special Service Medal)- The Medalya ng Pambihirang Paglilingkod is
awarded to any member of the Philippine National Police and police personnel of friendly foreign nations for
eminently meritorious and invaluable service in the field of police operations while in position of major responsibility.
The performance of duty must be such as to merit recognition by the service as exceptional.

11. Medalya Ng Katangitanging Asal (PNP Outstanding Conduct Medal)- The Medal ng Katangitanging Asal shall be
awarded to any quasi-police force member or other civilian volunteers for the heroic acts by the individual while in
action involving actual conflict with an enemy in a crime situation or life-saving situation, distinguishing himself
conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life above and beyond the call of duty.

12. Medalya Ng Kagalingan (PNP Medal Of Merit)- Medalya ng Kagalingan is awarded to members of the Philippine
National Police for a single act of heroism or a series of heroic acts in a duty responsibility not warranting the award
of Medalya ng Kadakilaan.

13. Medalya Ng Papuri (PNP Commendation Medal)- Medalya ng Papuri is awarded to members of the Philippine
National Police for demonstrated exemplary efficiency, devotion and loyalty to their duty assignments.

14. Medalya Ng Ugnayang Pampulisya (Police Relations Medal)- Medalya ng Ugnayang Pampulisya is awarded to
members of the Philippine National police for meritorious achievement in the field of police relations.

15. Medalya Ng Mabuting Asal (Pnp Good Conduct Medal)- Medalya ng Mabuting Asal is awarded to members of the
Philippine National Police for conspicuous devotion to duty extended to a period of five (5) years without record of
punishment, conviction or derogatory information whatsoever.
36
16. Medalya Ng Paglilingkod (PNP Service Medal)- Medalya ng Paglilingkod is awarded to members of the Philippine
National Police for completion of a t least twenty (20) years of faithful and honorable service. One silver star shall be
added on the ribbon for every additional five (5) years of service.

17. Medalya Ng Paglaban Sa Manliligalig (Anti-Dissidence Medal)- Medalya ng Paglaban sa Manliligalig is awarded to
members of the Philippine National Police, for active service for any period of six (6) months while undertaking an
operation, campaign or movement against the dissidence between January 1991 and a terminal due date to be
designated later.

18. Medalya Ng Pagtulong Sa Nasalanta (Pnp Disaster Relief And Rehabilitation Medal)- Medalya ng Pagtulong sa
Nasalanta is awarded to members of the Philippine National Police for active participation in an undertaking involving
rescue/relief and rehabilitation operations connected with typhoons, floods, earthquakes, conflagration, and other
disasters/calamities for any period during and after disasters/calamities.

19. Tsapa Sa Natatanging Yunit (PNP Unit Citation Badge)- Tsapa sa Natatanging Yunit is awarded to units of the
Philippine National Police for acts and services or exceptional devotion and fidelity.

20. Medalya Ng Paglilingkod Sa Luzon (Luzon Campaign Medal)- Medalya ng Paglilingkod sa Luzon is awarded to
members of the Philippine National Police for participation in the campaign against criminality or insurgency in Luzon
for at least six (6) months.

21. Medalya Ng Paglilingkod Sa Visayas (Visayas Campaign Medal)- Medalya ng Paglilingkod sa Visayas is awarded to
members of the Philippine National Police for participation in the campaign against criminality or insurgency in
Visayas for at least six (6) months.

37
22. Medalya Ng Paglilingkod Sa Mindanao (Mindanao Campaign Medal)- The Medalya ng Paglilingkod sa Mindanao is
awarded to members of the Philippine National Police for participation in the campaign against criminality or
insurgency in Mindanao for at least six (6) months.

Posthumous Awards- Awards of medal(s) may be made following the death of the person being honored in
the same manner they are made for a living person except that the orders and citations will indicate that the
award is being made posthumously. In case an individual who is distinguished .dies before the making of an
award to which he may be entitled , the award may nevertheless be made and the medal, star, bar, or other
emblem or device, may be presented within three (3) years from date of the act justifying the award thereof,
to such representative of the deceased as the Chief, PNP may designate. Eligible classes next of kin are, in
the order of precedence, widow or widower, eldest son, eldest son, eldest daughter, father, mother, eldest
brother, eldest sister, or eldest grandchild.

NOTE: Aside from medals and ribbons, corresponding incentives shall be given for specific
awards, subject to availability of funds.

POLICE OFFICER PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATION

Senior Police Officer Promotional Examination
Police Inspector Promotional Examination
Police Superintendent Promotional Examination
Exemptions:
Bar and PRC board examination passers (RA 1080)
LICENSED CRIMINOLOGISTS (RA 6506)
Honor Graduates (PD 907)
Except for the Chief, PNP, no PNP member who has less than one (1) year of
service before reaching the compulsory retirement age shall be promoted to a higher rank
or appointed to any other position.

Pursuant to RA 9708, “…In addition, the institution of a criminal action or complaint against a police
officer shall not be a bar to promotion: Provided, however, That upon finding of probable cause,
notwithstanding any challenge that may be raised against that finding thereafter, the concerned
police officer shall be ineligible for promotion: Provided, further, That if the case remains unresolved
after two (2) years from the aforementioned determination of probable cause, he or she shall be
considered for promotion. In the event he or she is held guilty of the crime by final judgment, said
promotion shall be recalled without prejudice to the imposition of the appropriate penalties under
applicable laws, rules and regulations: Provided, furthermore, That if the complaint filed against the
police officer is for a crime including, but not limited to, a violation of human rights, punishable by reclusion
perpetua or life imprisonment, and the court has determined that the evidence of guilt is strong,
said police officer shall be completely ineligible for promotion during the pendency of the said criminal case.”

ATTRITION (RA 8551) - The downsizing of personnel in the PNP on the basis provided by law.
MODES OF ATTRITION

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 1) ATTRITION BY ATTAINMENT OF MAXIMUM TENURE those who have reached the
prescribed maximum tenure corresponding to their position shall be retired from the service
Chief 4 years
Deputy Chief 4 years
Director of Staff Services 4 years
Regional Directors 6 years
Provincial/District Directors 9 years
other positions higher than
Provincial Director 6 years
2) ATTRITION BY RELIEF those who have been relieved for just cause and have not been given
an assignment within TWO(2) YEARS after such relief shall be retired or separated
3) ATTRITION BY DEMOTION IN POSITION OR RANK those who are relieved and assigned to a
position lower than what is established for his or her grade in the PNP staffing pattern and who shall not be
assigned to a position commensurate to his or her grade within EIGHTEEN (18) MONTHS after such
demotion shall be retired or separated
4) ATTRITION BY NON-PROMOTION those who have not been promoted for a continuous period
of TEN (10) YEARS shall be retired or separated
5) ATTRITION BY OTHER MEANS those who have at least five (5) years of active service shall
be separated based on any of the following:
a) inefficiency based on poor performance during the last two (2) successive annual
rating periods;
b) inefficiency based on poor performance for three (3) cumulative annual rating periods;
c) physical and/or mental incapacity to perform police functions and duties; or
d) failure to pass the required entrance examinations twice and/or finish the required
career courses except for justifiable reasons

RETIREMENT the separation of the police personnel from the service by reason of reaching the
age of retirement provided by law, or upon completion of certain number of years in active service A PNP
uniformed personnel shall retire to the next higher rank for purposes of retirement pay.
KINDS OF RETIREMENT
1) COMPULSORY – upon reaching the age FIFTY-SIX (56), the age of retirement
2) OPTIONAL – upon completion of TWENTY (20) YEARS of active service

RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Monthly retirement pay shall be FIFTY PERCENT (50%) of the base pay in case of twenty years of active
service, increasing by TWO AND ONE-HALF PERCENT (2.5%) for every year of active service rendered
beyond twenty years.

RETIREMENT DUE TO PERMANENT PHYSICAL DISABILITY

PNP uniformed personnel who are permanently and totally disabled as a result of injuries suffered or
sickness contracted in the performance of his duty shall be entitled to ONE YEAR’S SALARY and to a
LIFETIME PENSION equivalent to EIGHTY PERCENT (80%) of his last salary, in addition to other
benefits. Should such PNP personnel die within FIVE (5) YEARS from his retirement due to
physical disability, his legal spouse or legitimate children shall be entitled to receive the pension for the
remainder of the five year-period.
Permanent Physical Disability- An officer or non-officer who, having accumulated at least twenty
(20) years of active service, incurs total permanent physical disability in line of duty shall be compulsorily
retired; Provided that, if he has accumulated less than twenty (20) years of active service, he shall be
separated from the service and be entitled to a separation pay equivalent to one and one-fourth {1 1/4)
months of base pay for every year of service, or a fraction thereof, and longevity pay of the permanent
grade he holds.

ABSENCE WITHOUT OFFICIAL LEAVE (AWOL) failure to report for duty without official notice for
a period of THIRTY (30) DAYSMISSING IN ACTION (MIA) any PNP personnel who, while in the

39
performance of duty or by reason of his being an officer or member of the PNP, is officially confirmed
missing in action, kidnapped or captured by lawless elements shall be entitled to receive or to have
credited to his account the same pay and allowances to which such officer or uniformed member was
entitled at the time of the incident

EARLY RETIREMENT BENEFIT

A PNP member of his or her own request and with the approval of the NAPOLCOM, retire from the
service shall be paid separation benefits corresponding to a position two ranks higher than his present rank
provided that the officer or non-officer has accumulated at least 20 years of service.

INCENTIVES AND AWARDS

The NAPOLCOM shall promulgate standards on incentives and award system in the PNP
administered by the Board of Incentives and Awards. Awards may be in the forms of decorations, service
medals and citation badges or in monetary considerations.

Other Benefits and Privileges

1. Health and Welfare

The NAPOLCOM is mandated to provide assistance in developing health and welfare programs for
police personnel. All heads of the PNP in their respective levels are responsible to initiate proper
steps to create a good atmosphere to a superior-subordinate relationship and improvement of
personnel morale through appropriate welfare programs.

2. Longevity Pay and Allowances

Under Republic Act 6975, PNP personnel are entitled to a longevity pay of 10% of their basic
monthly salaries for every five years of service. However, the totality of such longevity pay does
not exceed 50% of the basic pay. They shall also enjoy the following allowances: Subsistence
allowance, Quarter’s allowance, Clothing allowance, Cost of living allowance, Hazard pay and
others

3. Retirement Benefit

Retirement - the separation of the police personnel from the service by reason of reaching the age
of retirement provided by law, or upon completion of certain number of years in active service. A
PNP uniformed personnel shall retire to the next higher rank for purposes of retirement pay.

CREATION OF WOMEN’S DESK- provided by RA 8551 women’s desk in all police stations shall administer
and attend to cases involving crimes against chastity, sexual harassment, abuses committed against
women and children and other similar offenses the PNP shall reserve TEN PERCENT (10%) of its
annual recruitment, training and education quota for women policewomen shall enjoy the same
opportunities in terms of assignment, promotion and other benefits and privileges extended to all police
officers

PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT EXECUTIVES IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF PNP

OPERATIONAL SUPERVISION - shall mean the power to direct, superintend and oversee the day-to-
day functions of police investigation of crime, crime prevention activities and traffic control shall also
include the power to direct the employment and deployment of units or elements of the PNP, through the
station commander, to ensure public safety and effective maintenance of peace and order within the locality
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 EMPLOYMENT refers to utilization of units or elements of the PNP for purposes of protection of
lives and properties, enforcement of laws, maintenance of peace and order, prevention of crimes, arrest
of criminal offenders and bringing the offenders to justice and ensuring public safety, particularly in
the suppression of disorders, riots, lawlessness, violence, rebellious and seditious conspiracy, insurgency,
subversion or other related activities
DEPLOYMENT shall mean the orderly and organized physical movement of elements or units of
the PNP within the province, city or municipality for purposes of employment

POWER OF THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR - he has the power to choose his PROVINCIAL
DIRECTOR from a list of three (3) eligibles recommended by the PNP Regional Director

POWER OF THE CITY AND MUNICIPAL MAYOR - he has the power to choose his CHIEF OF
POLICE from a list of five (5) eligibles recommended by the provincial police director he has the
authority to recommend to the provincial director the transfer, reassignment or detail of PNP members
outside of their respective city or town the control and supervision of anti-gambling operations shall be within
the jurisdiction of local government executives
EO 309- The city or Municipal mayor shall develop an integrated community public safety plan.

DISCIPLINARY MECHANISMS OF THE PNP

A. INTERNAL AFFAIRS SERVICE (IAS) created by RA 8551

FUNCTIONS OF THE IAS
1) pro-actively conduct inspections and audits on PNP personnel and units;
2) investigate complaints and gather evidence in support of an open investigation;
3) conduct summary hearings on PNP members facing administrative charges;
4) submit a periodic report on the assessment, analysis, and evaluation of the character and
behavior of PNP personnel and units to the Chief PNP and the Commission;
5) file appropriate criminal cases against PNP members before the court as evidence
warrants and assists in the prosecution of the case;
6) provide assistance to the Office of the Ombudsman in cases involving the personnel of the
PNP;

The IAS shall also conduct, motu propio (on its own initiative), automatic investigation of
the following cases:
1) Incidents where a police personnel discharges a firearm;
2) incidents where death, serious physical injury, or any violation of human rights occurred
in the conduct of a police operation;
3) Incidents where evidence was compromised, tampered with, obliterated, or lost while in the
custody of police personnel;
4) Incidents where a suspect in the custody of the police was seriously injured; and
5) Incidents where the established rules of engagement have been violated.

The IAS shall recommend promotion of the members of the PNP or the assignment of PNP personnel to
any key position.

ORGANIZATION OF IAS
Headed by the INSPECTOR GENERAL who is a CIVILIAN and appointed by the President upon the
recommendation of the Director General (Chief, PNP) the Inspector General shall be assisted by a Deputy
Inspector General there shall be national, regional and provincial offices the national office shall be headed
by the Inspector General, the regional offices by a Director, and the provincial offices by a Superintendent

COMPLAINTS AGAINST THE IAS: shall be brought to the Inspector General’s Office

ENTRY QUALIFICATIONS TO IAS

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 1) entry shall be voluntary
2) PNP personnel with at least five (5) years experience in law enforcement
3) with no derogatory service record
4) members of the bar may enter the service laterally

CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND INCENTIVES

IAS personnel shall be granted occupational specialty pay which shall not exceed FIFTY
PERCENT (50%) of his base pay
- IAS personnel shall also have priorities in the quota allocation for training and education

DISCIPLINARY RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE IAS

any PNP personnel found guilty of any of the cases mentioned and any immediate superior found
negligent shall be recommended automatically for dismissal or demotion recommendation by the IAS, once
final, cannot be revised, set-aside or unduly delayed without just cause decisions rendered by the provincial
inspectors shall be forwarded to the regional office for review within ten (10) days decisions of the regional
office may be appealed to the national office decisions rendered by the national IAS shall be appealed to the
National Appellate Board

B. PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB) a body created pursuant to RA 6975 one of
the disciplinary authorities of the PNP authorized to handle and investigate citizen’s complaint the
central receiving entity for any citizen’s complaint against the PNP members shall be created by the
sangguniang panlungssod/bayan in every city and municipality as may be necessary there shall be at least
one (1) PLEB for every five hundred (500) city or municipal police personnel membership in the
PLEB is a civic duty

COMPOSITION OF PLEB
PLEB shall be composed of five (5) members who shall be as follows:

A. any member of the sangguniang panlungsod/bayan

B. any barangay chairman of the locality concerned
C. three other members to be chosen by the local peace and order council from among the
members of the community for the three other members, the following conditions must be met: one
must be a woman one must be a lawyer, or a college graduate, or the principal of an
elementary school in the locality the CHAIRMAN of the PLEB shall be elected from among its
members the term of office of the members of the PLEB is THREE (3) YEARS

PROCEDURE IN THE PLEB the procedure shall be summary in nature, conducted in

accordance with due process but without strict regard to technical rules of evidence cases handled by
PLEB shall be decided by majority votes of its members each case shall be decided within SIXTY (60)
DAYS from the time it has been filed with the PLEB the decision of the PLEB shall become final and
executory, except for decisions involving demotion or dismissal from the service decisions involving
demotion or dismissal from the service may be appealed with the REGIONAL APPELLATE COURT within
TEN (10) DAYS from receipt of the copy of the decision

ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINARY MACHINERIES IN THE PNP

A) CITIZEN’S COMPLAINTS pertains to any complaint initiated by a private citizen or his duly authorized
representative on account of an injury, damage or disturbance sustained due to an irregular or
illegal act committed by a member of the PNP

DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITIES FOR CITIZEN’S COMPLAINTS

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1) CHIEF OF POLICE where the offense is punishable by withholding of privileges, restriction to
specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof, for a period not
exceeding FIFTEEN (15) DAYS
2) CITY/MUNICIPALITY MAYORS where the offense is punishable by withholding of privileges,
restriction to specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof, for a
period not less than SIXTEEN but not exceeding THIRTY (30) DAYS
3) PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB) where the offense is punishable by withholding
of privileges, restriction to specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof,
for a period exceeding THIRTY (30) DAYS, or by DISMISSAL

B) BREACH OF INTERNAL DISCIPLINE refers to any offense committed by a member of the PNP
involving and affecting order and discipline within the police organization

MINOR OFFENSE shall refer to an act or omission not involving moral turpitude but affecting the
internal discipline of the PNP, and shall include but not be limited to:
a) simple misconduct or negligence
b) insubordination
c) frequent absences or tardiness
d) habitual drunkenness
e) gambling prohibited by law

DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITIES FOR BREACH OF INTERNAL DISCIPLINE

1) CHIEF OF POLICE may impose the administrative punishment of admonition or reprimand;

restriction to specified limits; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension; or any combination
of the foregoing for a period NOT EXCEEDING FIFTEEN (15) DAYS
2) PROVINCIAL DIRECTORS may impose the administrative punishment of admonition or
reprimand; restriction to specified limits; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension; or any
combination of the foregoing for a period NOT EXCEEDING THIRTY (30) DAYS
3) REGIONAL DIRECTORS may impose the administrative punishment of admonition or
reprimand; restriction to specified limits; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of salary or suspension;
demotion; or any combination of the foregoing for a period NOT EXCEEDING SIXTY (60) DAYS
4) CHIEF OF THE PNP shall have the power to impose the disciplinary punishment of
dismissal from the service suspension or forfeiture of salary; demotion; or any combination of the
foregoing for a period NOT EXCEEDING ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY (180) DAYS

SUMMARY DISMISSAL POWERS the NAPOLCOM, PNP Chief and Regional Directors have
summary dismissal powers in any of the following cases:

1) when the charge is serious and the evidence of guilt is strong

2) when the respondent is a recidivist or has been repeatedly charged and there are
reasonable grounds to believe that he is guilty of the charges; and
3) when the respondent is guilty of a serious offense involving conduct unbecoming of a police
officer

DISCIPLINARY APPELATE BOARDS formal administrative disciplinary appellate machinery of the National
Police Commission tasked to hear cases on appeal from the different disciplinary authorities in the PNP
composed of the following:

1) NATIONAL APPELLATE BOARD - shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered
by the PNP Chief and the National Internal Affairs Service shall be composed of the four (4) regular
commissioners and shall be chaired by the executive officer

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 2) REGIONAL APPELLATE BOARD- shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered
by the Regional Director, Provincial Director, Chief of Police, the city or municipal mayor and the PLEB
there shall be at least one (1) regional appellate board per administrative region

D. BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION (BFP) created by virtue of RA 6975 initially composed of the officers and uniformed
members of the fire service of the former Integrated National Police

Vision
A modern fire protection agency working towards a safe and progressive society.

Mission
To prevent and suppress destructive fires; investigate its causes; provide emergency, medical and rescue
services; and enforce other fire-related laws with the active involvement of the community.

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BFP

1) shall be responsible for the prevention and suppression of all destructive fires on buildings,
houses and other structures, forests, land transportation vehicles and equipment, ships or vessels
docked at piers or wharves or anchored in major seaports, petroleum industry installations, plane
crashes and other similar incidents
2) shall be responsible for the enforcement of the Fire Code of the Philippines and other similar laws
3) shall have the power to investigate all causes of fires, and if necessary, file the proper
complaints with the city or provincial prosecutor who has jurisdiction over the case

ORGANIZATION AND COMPOSITION shall be headed by a CHIEF, with the rank of DIRECTOR, to be assisted by
a DEPUTY CHIEF with the rank of CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT shall be composed of provincial offices, district
offices and city or municipal fire stations at the provincial level, there shall be an OFFICE OF

THE PROVINCIAL FIRE MARSHALL

in case of large provinces, there shall be DISTRICT OFFICES to be headed by a DISTRICT FIRE MARSHALL at
the city or municipal level, there shall be a FIRE STATION each headed by a CITY OR MUNICIPAL FIRE
MARSHALL

RANK CLASSIFICATION

Highest Commissioned Officer- Director

Lowest Non-Commissioned Officer- Fire Officer I

Rank classification of the members of the Fire Bureau shall be as follows:

Director
Chief Superintendent
Senior Superintendent
Superintendent
Chief Inspector
Senior Inspector
Inspector
Senior Fire Officer IV
Senior Fire Officer III
Senior Fire Officer II
Senior Fire Officer I
Fire Officer III
Fire Officer II
Fire Officer I

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 The BFP Operational Procedures Manual contains the following;
1. Fire Safety Enforcement
2. Fire Fighting Operations
3. Emergency Medical Services
4. Special Operations
5. Fire Arson Investigation
6. Disaster Management

E. BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY (BJMP) created by virtue of RA 6975

initially composed by the officers and uniformed members of the former Jail Management and Penology Service

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BJMP - shall exercise supervision and control over all city and municipal jails;
however, the provincial jails
- shall be supervised and controlled by the provincial governor within his jurisdiction

ORGANIZATION AND COMPOSITION shall be headed by a CHIEF with the rank of DIRECTOR, to be assisted by a
DEPUTY CHIEF with the rank of CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT shall be composed of city and municipal jails each
headed by a city or municipal jail warden

RANK CLASSIFICATION
Highest Commissioned Officer- Director
Lowest Non-Commissioned Officer- Jail Officer I

Rank Classification of the members of the Jail Bureau shall be as follows:

Director
Chief Superintendent
Senior Superintendent
Superintendent
Chief Inspector
Senior Inspector
Inspector
Senior Jail Officer IV
Senior Jail Officer III
Senior Jail Officer II
Senior Jail Officer I
Jail Officer III
Jail Officer II
Jail Officer I

RA 9263 - Bureau of Fire Protection and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Professionalization Act of
2004 approved on 10 March 2004 provided for the professionalization of the BFP and BJMP

RA 9592 – amendatory law to RA 9263 approved on 8 May 2009 amended the provision on the minimum educational
qualification

F. PHILIPPINE PUBLIC SAFETY COLLEGE (PPSC) created by virtue of RA 6975

FUNCTION OF THE PPSC - shall be the premier educational institution for the training, human
resource development and continuing education of all personnel of the PNP, BFP and BJMP

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 ORGANIZATION AND COMPOSITION shall be under the direct supervision of a Board of Trustees
composed of the Secretary of the DILG and the three (3) bureau heads (PNP, BFP and BJMP)shall consist of the
Philippine National Police Academy, the National Police College, the Philippine National Training Institute and other
training centers as may be created

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

1) formulate and implement training programs for the personnel of the Department;
2) establish and maintain adequate physical training facilities;
3) develop and implement research and development to support educational training programs;
4) conduct an assessment of the training needs of the bureaus;
5) perform such other related functions as may be prescribed by the Secretary

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY (PNPA) created pursuant to Section 13 of Presidential Decree
No 1184 a primary component of the Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC)the premier educational institution for
future officers of the Philippine National Police (PNP), Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology (BJMP) upon completion of training, graduates will be conferred the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Public Safety (BSPS) and appointed as Police/Fire/Jail Inspector
Rank of a PNPA cadet Higher than SPO4 but lower than Inspector

RA11279- the PNPA which trains commissioned officers will be under direct supervision and control of the
Chief PNP.

CHAPTER III Specialized Law Enforcement Agencies

A. National Bureau of Investigation- (Pambansang Kawanihan ng Pagsisiyasat) This is an

agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Justice, responsible for handling
and solving major high-profile cases that are in the interest of the nation. This was modelled
after the United States' Federal Bureau of Investigation

Legal Basis
1. Commonwealth Act No. 181 (November 13, 1936) saw the inception of the National
Bureau of Investigation, originally called Division of Investigation (patterned after the
US Federal Bureau of Investigation).
2. Republic Act No. 157 (June 19, 1947) reorganized the Division of Investigation into the Bureau of Investigation under
the Department of Justice (DOJ).
3. Executive Order No. 94 (October 4, 1949) renamed the Bureau of Investigation to National Bureau of Investigation
which remained attached to DOJ.
4. Executive Order No. 292 (July 25, 1987), the Administrative Code of 1987, provided for the organization structure
and operation of the DOJ and its attached agencies, including the NBI
5. Republic Act No.10867 (June 23, 2016), otherwise known as the National Bureau of Investigation Reorganization
and Modernization Act.

Mandate
The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) undertakes efficient detection and investigation of crimes and other
offenses against the laws of the Philippines upon its own initiative and as public interest may require, renders technical
assistance upon request in the investigation and detection of crimes and other offenses, coordinates with other national
and local police agencies in the maintenance of peace and order, and establishes and maintains an up-to-date scientific
crime laboratory. It acts as a national clearing house of criminal and other information for the use of all prosecuting and
law enforcement entities of the Philippines: identification records of identifying marks, characteristics, and ownership or
possession of all firearms as well as of test bullets fired therefrom.

Republic Act No. 10867

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 Section 1 Short Title.— This Act shall be known as the “National Bureau of Investigation
Reorganization and Modernization Act”.

Section 2 Declaration of Policy.— It is the policy of the State to promote and maintain an effective,
modern, gender-responsive, competent and highly trained investigative body, functionally integrated and national in
scope.

Section 3 Reorganization, Modernization, and Expansion.— The NBI is hereby reorganized and
modernized to adequately meet the increasing demands of an expanded investigative and detective work.

It shall implement a modernization program geared towards the acquisition of state-of-the-art

investigative and intelligence equipment and the establishment of forensic and scientific laboratories. The
program shall include provisions for the training of its personnel in this regard.

The present organizational structure of the NBI shall be reorganized into the Office of the Director,
Office of the Deputy Director for Administration, Office of the Deputy Director for Operations, Offices of the
Assistant Directors for Investigation Service, Intelligence Service, Comptroller Service, Human Resource
and Management Service, Forensic and Scientific Research Service, Legal Service, and Information and
Communications Technology Service. Each service shall be composed of the necessary divisions and
sections.

The NBI shall establish a Regional Office in every region to be headed by a Regional Director and
District Offices in every province to be headed by a Head Agent. Field Offices may also be established and
maintained by the Director as the need arises.

The NBI personnel complement shall be increased and their positions upgraded, as follows:

Old Position
From Salary Grade
New Position
To Salary Grade

Director VISG 30DirectorSG 30

Director V (Assistant Director)SG 29Deputy DirectorSG29
Director III (Deputy Director)SG 27Assistant DirectorSG 28
Director II (Regional Director)SG 26Regional DirectorSG 27
Director I (Assistant Regional Director)SG 25Assistant Regional DirectorSG 26
Investigation Agent VI (Head Agent)SG 25Head AgentSG 25
Investigation Agent V (Supervising Agent)SG 24Supervising AgentSG 24
Investigation Agent IV (Senior Agent)SG 23Senior AgentSG 23
Investigation Agent IIISG22Investigation Agent III (Agent)SG 22
Investigation Agent IISG 20
Investigation Agent ISG 18
Special Investigator VSG 24
Special Investigator IVSG 22
Special Investigator IIISG 18

Section 4 Powers and Functions.— The NBI shall have the following powers and functions:

1. Undertake investigation and detection of crimes and offenses enumerated under Section 5 hereof;

2. Issue subpoena for the appearance of any person for investigation or production of documents, through its
officers from the ranks of Regional Director to Director;

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 3. Act as a national clearing house of criminal records and other related information for the benefit of the
government;

4. Render technical assistance to government agencies and instrumentalities, when so requested;

5. Extend assistance in cases involving extradition and mutual legal assistance, when requested by the
Department of Justice;

6. Establish an NBI Academy which shall be responsible for the recruitment, training, and development of all
NBI agents and personnel, among others;

7. Establish and maintain a Forensic and Scientific Research Center which shall serve as the primary center
for forensic and scientific research in furtherance of scientific knowledge in criminal investigation, detection,
evidence collection and preservation, and provide the necessary training therefor;

8. Establish and maintain a Cyber Investigation and Assessment Center which shall serve as the nerve center
for computer information technologies, data on cybercrime cases, computer intrusion, threats, and other
related crimes or activities;

9. Establish and maintain an integrated, comprehensive, and state-of-the-art network of equipment and
facilities to be used by the NBI in its criminal investigation, detection, and evidence gathering, and to provide
the corresponding training in this regard;

10. Request the assistance of the Philippine National Police (PNP), Armed Forces of the Philippines, or any
other agency of the government, including government-owned and/or -controlled corporations, in its anti-
crime drive. Such assistance may include the use of the agency’s personnel and facilities upon prior
approval by the head of the agency concerned;

11. Conduct intelligence operations in furtherance of the foregoing powers and functions;

12. Enter into any contract or transaction for the acquisition, ownership, possession, administration, lease,
disposition or acceptance of real or personal property in its name, subject to the approval of the Secretary of
Justice;

13. Establish a modern NBI Clearance and Identification Center containing all derogatory and criminal records
and civilian identification records, including their identifying marks and characteristics and fingerprint
database, as well as dental records pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1575, entitled “Requiring
Practitioners of Dentistry to Keep Records of Their Patients”;

14. Maintain, for purposes of investigative and forensic requirements of the NBI, relevant database such as
ballistic records of firearms including, but not limited to, data ownership, possession, and other related
identifying circumstances; and Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) databank; and

15. Perform such other functions as the President or the Secretary of Justice may assign.

Section 5 Jurisdiction.— The NBI shall have primary jurisdiction to undertake investigations in the
following cases:

1. Human Trafficking cases in all airports in the Philippines;

2. Extrajudicial/Extra-legal killings committed by the state’s security forces against media practitioners and
activists;

3. Killings of justices and judges;

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 4. Violation of Republic Act No. 10175, otherwise known as the “Cybercrime Prevention Act”;

5. Cases referred by the Inter-Agency Anti-Graft Coordinating Council (IAGCC);

6. Violations of the Anti-Dummy Law;

7. Cases involving threats to security or assaults against the persons of the President, Vice President, Senate
President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court;

8. Transnational crimes pursuant to existing international agreements;

9. Identification of the dead/victims in case of mass fatality incidents caused by natural disasters; and

10. Violations of commercial, economic, and financial or white-collar crimes such as, but not limited to, those
punishable under Republic Act No. 8792, otherwise known as “E-Commerce Act of 2000”; Republic Act No.
8484, otherwise known as “Access Devices Regulations Act of 1998”; Republic Act No. 8293, otherwise
known as “Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines”; Republic Act No. 8799, otherwise known as
“Securities Regulation Code”; Presidential Decree No. 1689, otherwise known as “Decree Increasing the
Penalty for Certain Forms of Estafa”, and other similar penal statutes that may be enacted by Congress.

Provided, However, That the President or the Secretary of Justice may direct the NBI to undertake
the investigation of any crime when public interest so requires.

Once the NBI takes cognizance of any of the aforementioned cases, the PNP and other law
enforcement agencies/investigative entities shall collaborate with and render assistance to the NBI. In cases
where jurisdiction is vested exclusively and/or primarily with the PNP or other law enforcement
agency/investigating agency, the NBI shall collaborate with and render assistance to the same.

Section 6 The NBI Director and Other Officials.— The NBI shall be headed by a Director and
assisted by two (2) Deputy Directors, one for Administration and another for Operations, and an Assistant Director for
each of the following seven (7) Services: Investigation Service, Intelligence Service, Human Resource and
Management Service, Comptroller Service, Forensic and Scientific Research Service, Legal Service, and Information
and Communications Technology Service.

The NBI Director shall be appointed by the President and shall have the rank, salary, and benefits
equivalent to that of an Undersecretary. No person shall be appointed Director unless he or she is a natural-born
citizen of the Philippines and a member of the Philippine Bar who has been engaged in the practice of law for at least
fifteen (15) years, preferably from within the ranks of Directors.

The Assistant Regional Directors to Deputy Directors shall likewise be appointed by the President of the
Philippines, coming from the ranks of the NBI, upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Justice.

No person shall be appointed Deputy Director or Regional Director unless he or she is a citizen of the
Philippines and a member of the Philippine Bar who has been engaged in the practice of law for at least ten (10)
years for the Deputy Director and for at least five (5) years for the Regional Director.

Section 8 Qualifications of NBI Agents.— The minimum qualifications of NBI agents are the
following:

1. Citizen of the Philippines;

2. Of good moral character;

49
 3. A member of the Philippine Bar or a holder of a Baccalaureate Degree who passed the necessary
government licensure examination relevant to the investigative functions of the NBI; and

4. Successfully passed the competitive mental and physical examinations required by the NBI.

B. PDEA (Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency)

Legal Basis

Republic Act No. 6425 (November 14, 1972), “Dangerous Drugs Act of
1972”, organized the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB).
Republic Act No. 9165 (June 7, 2002), “Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act
of 2002”, repealed the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 (RA 6425), creating the
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) as the implementing arm of the DDB.

Mandate- The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) is responsible for the efficient law
enforcementof all provisions on any dangerous drugs and/or precursors and essential chemicals. Executive Order
No. 218, s. 2003 Signed on June 18, 2003

PDEA and DDB are both under the supervision of the Office of the President of the Philippines.

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 218 STRENGTHENING THE SUPPORT MECHANISM FOR THE
PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY

WHEREAS, by virtue of the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (Republic Act [R.A.] No.
9165), the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) was created for the efficient and effective law
enforcement of all the provisions on dangerous drugs and/or precursors and essential chemicals as
provided in R.A. No. 9165;

WHEREAS, pursuant to R.A. No. 9165, the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) is the policy-making
and strategy-formulating body in the planning and formulation of policies and programs on drug prevention
and control;

WHEREAS, R.A. No. 9165 provides for the abolition of the drug enforcement units of the Philippine
National Police (PNP), the National Bureau of Investigation and the Bureau of Customs;

WHEREAS, the same Act also provides that the personnel of the abolished units shall continue to
perform their task as detail service with the PDEA until such time that the PDEA is fully operational and is
able to recruit a sufficient number of new personnel to do the task themselves;

WHEREAS, the PDEA, as the lead agency tasked to enforce R.A. No. 9165, is still in its transition
period and still has to develop its institutional capabilities to be able to accomplish its mandated task;

WHEREAS, other agencies of the Government have trained drug enforcement personnel who can
help PDEA fulfill its task;

WHEREAS, there is an urgent need to pursue a forceful, intensive and unrelenting campaign
against drug trafficking and the use of illegal drugs whether syndicated or street-level.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, President of the Republic of the

Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by law, do hereby order and/or authorize:

50
 SECTION 1. Creation of Task Forces. – The Office of the President, the PNP and other agencies which
were performing drug law enforcement and prevention functions prior to the enactment of R.A. No. 9165 shall
organize anti-drug task forces to support the PDEA.

SECTION 2. Supervision and Support. – The PDEA shall exercise operational supervision and provide
technical support to the main task force created by the PNP. In the case of other task forces, created within the PNP
or other agencies, the President of the Philippines shall determine whether the DDB or the PDEA shall exercise
operational supervision.

SECTION 3. Funding. – Funds for the operation of the task forces shall be sourced from the mother
agencies creating the task force and from the gross receipts of lotto operations. For this purpose, the Philippine
Charity Sweepstakes Office is hereby ordered to create a standby fund in the amount of One Billion Pesos
(P1,000,000,000.00) to fund the operations of the PDEA and the task forces supporting it.

SECTION 4. Repeal. – Executive Order No. 206 dated May 15, 2003 is hereby repealed. All orders, rules,
regulations and issuances, or parts thereof, which are inconsistent with this Executive Order are hereby repealed or
modified accordingly.

SECTION 5. Effectivity. – This Executive Order shall take effect immediately upon approval.

City of Manila, JUN 18 2003

(Sgd.) GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO

President of the Philippines

Creation of task forces

The R.A. 9165 abolished the National Drug Law Enforcement and Prevention Coordinating Center, which
was created under Executive Order No. 61, and the Narcotics Group of Philippine National Police (PNP-NG),

51
Narcotics Division of National Bureau of Investigation (NBI-ND), and the Customs Narcotics Interdiction Unit of
the Bureau of Customs (BOC-CNIU).
Under Executive Order No.206 dated May 15, 2003, these law enforcement agencies have organized the
following anti-illegal drugs task force to support the PDEA:
Philippine National Police – Anti-Illegal Drugs Special Operation Task Force (PNP-AIDSOTF);
National Bureau of Investigation – Anti-Illegal Drugs Task Force (NBI-AIDTF);
Bureau of Customs – Customs Task Group/Force in Dangerous Drugs and Controlled Chemicals (BOC-
CTGFDDCC).
National Office
PDEA is headed by a Director General (DG) with the Cabinet rank of Undersecretary, who is responsible for
the general administration and management of the agency.
The Director General is assisted by two Deputies Director General with the rank of Assistant Secretary: one
for Administration (DDGA) and the other one for Operations (DDGO).
The office of the Director General is also supported by the Secretary for Directorial Staff, Chief of Public
Information Office (PIO), Chief of Information Technology Systems Management Office (ITSMO) and Chief of
Chemical Audit and Management Unit (CAMU).
The Director General of the PDEA shall be responsible for the necessary changes in the organizational set-
up which shall be submitted to the DDB for approval.
Command Group
Office of the Director-General
Chief of Staff
Office of the Deputy Director-General for Administration
Office of the Deputy Director-General for Operations
Administrative Cluster
Human Resource Management Service (HRMS)
Financial Management Service (FMS)
Logistics and Administrative Management Service (LAMS)
Internal Affairs Service (IAS)
PDEA Academy
Operational Cluster
Intelligence and Investigation Service (IIS)
Plans and Operations Service (POS)
Legal and Prosecution Service (LPS)
Compliance Service (CS)
International Cooperation and Foreign Affairs Service (ICFAS)
Preventive Education and Community Involvement Service (PECIS)
Special Enforcement Service (SES)
Laboratory Service (LS)
Public Information Office (PIO)

Regional Offices
The PDEA have established 17 Regional Offices headed by Directors in the different regions of the
country which is responsible for the implementation of RA 9165 and the policies, programs, and projects of
the agency in different regions.
Regional Office I – Camp Diego Silang, Carlatan, San Fernando City, La Union
Regional Office II – Camp Adduru, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
Regional Office III – Diosdado Macapagal Government Center, Brgy. Maimpis, City of San
Fernando, Pampanga
Regional Office IVA – Camp Vicente Lim, Calamba, Laguna
52
 Regional Office MIMAROPA – Brgy. Sta. Isabel Calapan, Oriental Mindoro
Regional Office V – Camp General Simeon Ola, Legazpi City, Albay
Regional Office VI – Camp Martin Delgado, Iloilo City
Regional Office VII – Doña Modesta Gaisano St., Lahug, Cebu City
Regional Office VIII – Near Payapay Bridge, Candahug, Palo, Leyte
Regional Office IX – Upper Calarlan, Zamboanga City
Regional Office X – Gordiel Bldg., Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro
Regional Office XI – Camp Captain Domingo E. Leonor, Davao City
Regional Office XII – Camp Fermin G. Lira Jr., General Santos
Regional Office XIII – Camp R. Rodriguez, Libertad, Butuan
Regional Office – Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (RO-BARMM) – PC
Hills, Cotabato City
Regional Office – Cordillera Administrative Region (RO-CAR) – Camp Bado Dangwa, La
Trinidad, Benguet
Regional Office – National Capital Region (RO-NCR) – PDEA Annex Bldg., National Government
Center, Diliman, Quezon City
PDEA Academy
PDEA maintains its own PDEA Academy temporarily located at Camp General Mariano N.
Castañeda in Silang, Cavite.
The PDEA Academy is headed by a superintendent, with the rank of director. It is responsible in
the recruitment and training of all PDEA agents and personnel.
The PDEA Academy formulates programs of instructions on basic and specialized anti-drug
training courses as well as career courses for all PDEA Agents and Personnel.
The DDB provide for the qualifications and requirements of its recruits who must be at least 21 years old, of
proven integrity and honesty, a Baccalaureate degree holder and with Career Service Professional Eligibility
from Civil Service Commission (CSC) or Board License from Professional Regulation Commission (PRC).
PDEA Agents are issued with Norinco Pistol or its latest firearm the IWI Jericho 941 Pistol in .45
caliber ammunition upon successful completion of their training at the PDEA Academy while the senior
officers are issued with Glock pistols. The PDEA Agents use Armalite M15A2 CTAR Tavor and IWI
ACE Galil as their assault rifle in urban warfare and special operations.
To maximize the capability of the anti-drug operatives in the country, PDEA acquired CTAR
21 Tavor which fires the standard NATO caliber 5.56 mm ammunition.

Qualifications & Requirements for PDEA Agent (Intelligence Officer 1) Applicants

Minimum Qualification Standard

21 – 35 years old
5’2” in height for males;
5’ in height for females
*With NCIP-issued Certificate of Confirmation (COC)
if under height
Baccalaureate degree holder
Eligible for Career Service Second Level Position
(CS Professional / Board exam passer / qualified by CSC / under special laws)

Do not apply if you are not:

Computer literate
Of good moral background
Physically fit
53
 Proficient in oral & written communication skills
Willing to be assigned anywhere in the Philippines
Willing to undergo rigid 6 months training

Powers and Duties of the PDEA. ( Section 84. RA 9165) – The PDEA shall:

(a) Implement or cause the efficient and effective implementation of the national drug control strategy
formulated by the Board thereby carrying out a national drug campaign program which shall include drug
law enforcement, control and prevention campaign with the assistance of concerned government agencies;

(b) Undertake the enforcement of the provisions of Article II of this Act relative to the unlawful acts and
penalties involving any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical and investigate
all violators and other matters involved in the commission of any crime relative to the use, abuse or
trafficking of any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical as provided for in this
Act and the provisions of Presidential Decree No. 1619;

(c) Administer oath, issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum relative to the conduct of investigation
involving the violations of this Act;

(d) Arrest and apprehend as well as search all violators and seize or confiscate, the effects or proceeds of
the crimes as provided by law and take custody thereof, for this purpose the prosecutors and enforcement
agents are authorized to possess firearms, in accordance with existing laws;

(e) Take charge and have custody of all dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential
chemicals seized, confiscated or surrendered to any national, provincial or local law enforcement agency, if
no longer needed for purposes of evidence in court;

(f) Establish forensic laboratories in each PNP office in every province and city in order to facilitate action on
seize or confiscated drugs, thereby hastening its destruction without delay;

(g) Recommend to the DOJ the forfeiture of properties and other assets of persons and/or corporations
found to be violating the provisions of this Act and in accordance with the pertinent provisions of the Anti-
Money-Laundering Act of 2001;

(h) Prepare for prosecution or cause the filing of appropriate criminal and civil cases for violation of all laws
on dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals, and other similar controlled substances,
and assist, support and coordinate with other government agencies for the proper and effective prosecution
of the same;

(i) Monitor and if warranted by circumstances, in coordination with the Philippine Postal Office and the
Bureau of Customs, inspect all air cargo packages, parcels and mails in the central post office, which
appear from the package and address itself to be a possible importation of dangerous drugs and/or
controlled precursors and essential chemicals, through on-line or cyber shops via the internet or
cyberspace;

(j) Conduct eradication programs to destroy wild or illegal growth of plants from which dangerous drugs may
be extracted;

(k) Initiate and undertake the formation of a nationwide organization which shall coordinate and supervise all
activities against drug abuse in every province, city, municipality and barangay with the active and direct
participation of all such local government units and nongovernmental organizations, including the citizenry,
subject to the provisions of previously formulated programs of action against dangerous drugs;

54
 (l) Establish and maintain a national drug intelligence system in cooperation with law enforcement agencies,
other government agencies/offices and local government units that will assist in its apprehension of big-time
drug lords;

(m) Establish and maintain close coordination, cooperation and linkages with international drug control and
administration agencies and organizations, and implement the applicable provisions of international
conventions and agreements related to dangerous drugs to which the Philippines is a signatory;

(n) Create and maintain an efficient special enforcement unit to conduct an investigation, file charges and
transmit evidence to the proper court, wherein members of the said unit shall possess suitable and
adequate firearms for their protection in connection with the performance of their duties: Provided, That no
previous special permit for such possession shall be required;

(o) Require all government and private hospitals, clinics, doctors, dentists and other practitioners to submit a
report to it, in coordination with the Board, about all dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and
essential chemicals which they have attended to for data and information purposes;

(p) Coordinate with the Board for the facilitation of the issuance of necessary guidelines, rules and
regulations for the proper implementation of this Act;

(q) Initiate and undertake a national campaign for drug prevention and drug control programs, where it may
enlist the assistance of any department, bureau, office, agency or instrumentality of the government,
including government-owned and or –controlled corporations, in the anti-illegal drugs drive, which may
include the use of their respective personnel, facilities, and resources for a more resolute detection and
investigation of drug-related crimes and prosecution of the drug traffickers; and

(r) Submit an annual and periodic reports to the Board as may be required from
time to time, and perform such other functions as may be authorized or required
under existing laws and as directed by the President himself/herself or as
recommended by the congressional committees concerned.

C. Philippine Coast Guard (PCG)

Transportation and Communication, Department of (DOTC) -- Philippine Coast Guard -- Creation

Republic Act No. 9993

AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE PHILIPPINE COAST GUARD AS AN ARMED AND UNIFORMED SERVICE
ATTACHED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS, THEREBY REPEALING
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 5173, AS AMENDED, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

[ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9993, February 12, 2010 ]

AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE PHILIPPINE COAST GUARD AS AN ARMED AND UNIFORMED SERVICE
ATTACHED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS, THEREBY REPEALING
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 5173, AS AMENDED, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

SECTION 1. Title. — This Act shall be known as the "Philippine Coast Guard Law of 2009".

SEC. 2. Establishment. — The Philippine Coast Guard, hereinafter referred to as the PCG, is hereby
established as an armed and uniformed service attached to the Department of Transportation and
Communications (DOTC): Provided, That in times of war, as declared by Congress, the PCG or parts
thereof, shall be attached to the Department of National Defense.

55
SEC. 3. Powers and Functions. — The PCG shall have the following powers and functions:

a) To enforce regulations in accordance with all relevant maritime international conventions, treaties
or instruments and national laws for the promotion of safety of life and property at sea within the
maritime jurisdiction of the Philippines and conduct port state control implementation;
b) To conduct inspections on all merchant ships and vessels, including but shall not be limited to
inspections prior to departure, to ensure and enforce compliance with safety standards, rules and
regulations;
c) To detain, stop or prevent a ship or vessel which does not comply with safety standards, rules and
regulations from sailing or leaving port;
d) To conduct emergency readiness evaluation on merchant marine vessels;
e) Subject to the approval of the Secretary of the DOTC, to issue and enforce rules and regulations
for the promotion of safety of life and property at sea on all maritime-related activities;
f) To coordinate, develop, establish, maintain and operate aids to navigation, vessel traffic system,
maritime communications and search and rescue facilities within the maritime jurisdiction of the
Philippines;
g) To remove, destroy or tow to port, sunken or floating hazards to navigation, including illegal fish
traps and vessels, at or close to sea lanes which may cause hazard to the marine environment;
h) To issue permits for the salvage of vessels and to supervise all marine salvage operations, as well
as prescribe and enforce rules and regulations governing the same;
i) To render aid to persons and vessels in distress and conduct search and rescue in marine
accidents within the maritime jurisdiction of the Philippines, including the high seas, in accordance
with applicable international conventions. In the performance of this function, the PCG may enlist
the services of other government agencies and the merchant marine fleet;
j) To investigate and inquire into the causes of all maritime accidents involving death, casualties and
damage to properties;
k) To assist in the enforcement and maintenance of maritime security, prevention or suppression of
terrorism at sea, and performance of law enforcement functions in accordance with pertinent laws,
rules and regulations;
l) To assist in the enforcement of laws on fisheries, immigration, tariff and customs, forestry, firearms
and explosives, human trafficking, dangerous drugs and controlled chemicals, transnational crimes
and other applicable laws within the maritime jurisdiction of the Philippines;
m) To board and inspect all types of merchant ships and watercrafts in the performance of its
functions;
n) To enforce laws and promulgate and administer rules and regulations for the protection of marine
environment and resources from offshore sources of pollution within the maritime jurisdiction of the
Philippines;
o) To develop oil spill response, containment and recovery capabilities against ship-based pollution;
p) To grant, within its capabilities and consistent with its mandate, requests for assistance of other
government agencies in the performance of their functions;
q) To organize, train and supervise the PCG Auxiliary (PCGA) for the purpose of assisting the PCG in
carrying out its mandated functions; and
r) To perform such other functions that may be necessary in the attainment of the objectives of this
Act.

SEC. 4. Gender Sensitivity Program. — Gender concerns should be addressed in all planning activities,
setting of priorities, allocating of resources and identifying actions and activities of the PCG. It should also
incorporate a gender sensitive perspective in the implementation of such plans and programs.

Gender sensitivity shall also be employed in all its internal policies, strategies, budget, projects, structures
and mechanisms, including but not limited to hiring, promotions, assignment, training opportunities, pay and
benefits. A gender perspective should likewise be integrated in all its training programs, especially for
maritime search and rescue.

56
SEC. 5. The PCG Commandant. — The PCG shall be headed by a Commandant who shall carry the rank
of Coast Guard Admiral: Provided, That he shall be appointed by the President from among the Flag
Officers in the Coast Guard service. He shall hold a command-at-sea badge and must have served as a
District Commander of the PCG. The Commandant shall have a maximum term of three (3) years. A
Commandant who has served for three (3) years prior to his compulsory retirement shall be considered as
retired and entitled to all the benefits available to a Coast Guard officer as if he is compulsorily retired.

SEC. 6. Organization. — The PCG shall consist of the following categories of officers and employees:

a) PCG officers;
b) PCG non-officers;
c) PCG non-uniformed personnel;
d) Probationary ensign; and
e) Cadets and Cadettes.

SEC. 7. Officer Rank Distribution. — The officer rank distribution of the PCG shall be as follows: two per
centum (2%) in the Flag Officer rank; six per centum (6%) in the rank of Coast Guard Captain; twelve per
centum (12%) in the rank of Coast Guard Commander; eighteen per centum (18%) in the rank of Coast
Guard Lieutenant Commander; twenty per centum (20%) in the rank of Coast Guard Lieutenant; and forty-
two per centum (42%) in the ranks of Coast Guard Lieutenant Junior Grade and Coast Guard
Ensign: Provided, That such distribution is based on the ration between officer and non-officer which is one
(1) officer to every seven (7) non-officer: Provided, finally, That if the actual number in a rank is less than the
number prescribed, the difference may be applied as an increase to the number prescribed in a lower rank.

SEC. 8. Distribution of Flag Officers. — The number of Flag Officers herein authorized shall be distributed to
the various Flag Officer ranks in accordance with the schedule as hereunder prescribed:

Coast Guard Admiral 1

Coast Guard Vice Admiral 1

Coast Guard Rear Admiral 5

Coast Guard Commodore 15

Total

Provided, That the herein prescribed Coast Guard ranks shall be distinct from those prescribed in the
Philippine navy: Provided, further, That the total number of Flag Officers prescribed under this section shall
in no case be less than the number resulting from the implementation of Section 7 hereof, otherwise the
latter shall apply.

The number corresponding to the ranks of Coast Guard Admiral, Coast Guard Vice Admiral, Coast Guard
Rear Admiral, and Coast Guard Commodore, as provided for in this section, shall be the
maximum: Provided, That if the actual number in a rank, except in the case of Coast Guard Admiral and
Coast Guard Vice Admiral, is less than the number herein prescribed, the difference may be applied as an
increase to the number prescribed in the lower rank: Provided, finally, That no officer shall be promoted to
the rank of Coast Guard Commodore or higher unless there is an existing vacancy, and the officer is
occupying a position in the table of organization that requires the rank of which he is being considered for
promotion.

SEC. 9. Maximum Tenure in Rank. — The maximum tenure of officers in the ranks of Captain and Flag
Officer in the PCG are hereby prescribed as follows:
57
 Rank Maximum tenure in Rank

Coast Guard Admiral three (3) years

Coast Guard Vice Admiral three (3) years

Coast Guard Read Admiral three (3) years

Coast Guard Commodore five (5) years

Coast Guard Captain seven (7) years

Unless earlier separated, retired or promoted to the next higher rank or occupying a position calling
for the higher rank in the PCG table of organization, Captains and Flag Officers shall be
compulsorily retired upon the attainment of the maximum tenure in rank herein prescribed, or upon
reaching the age of compulsory retirement whichever comes earlier: Provided, That officers
already holding these ranks upon the approval of this Act may be allowed one (1) year more of
tenure in rank before the maximum tenure provided in this section shall be applied to them, unless
they shall have already reached the compulsory retirement age under existing laws in which case
the compulsory retirement age shall prevail.

SEC. 10. Maximum Tenure in Position. — Officers holding the following key positions are hereby limited to a
maximum tenure of three(3) years, unless otherwise earlier relieved by competent authority or compulsorily
retired under existing laws:

Coast Guard Commandant;

Coast Guard Deputy Commandant; and
Coast Guard District Commander.

Provided, That except for the Commandant, no other officer shall be assigned/designated to the
aforementioned key positions or promoted to the rank of Commodore or higher if he has less than one (1)
year of active service remaining prior to compulsory retirement.

SEC. 11. Organization of a PCG Auxiliary (PCGA). — The PCG shall continue to maintain, supervise,
develop and train the PCGA as a civilian volunteer organization under the direct control and supervision of
the PCG Commandant. The PCGA shall assist the PCG in the promotion of safety of life and property at
sea, the preservation of the marine environment and its resources, the conduct of maritime search and
rescue, the maintenance of aids to navigation and such other activities that enhance maritime community
relations which include civic action, participation under the National Service Training Program, youth
development, recreational safety and other related activities.

SEC. 12. Appointments. — Appointments of PCG officers, which shall be in the initial rank of Coast Guard
Ensign, shall be made by the Secretary of the DOTC upon the recommendation of the PCG Commandant.
The initial appointment ranks of chaplains, dentists, lawyers, medical doctors and veterinarians shall be
Coast Guard Lieutenant.

No person shall be appointed as an officer of the PCG unless he is a natural born citizen of the Philippines,
at least twenty-one (21) years of age at the date of appointment, physically fit and is a baccalaureate degree
holder. The appointment of the PCG Commandant and Flag Officers shall be approved by the President
upon the recommendation of the Secretary of the DOTC. Appointments of all PCG non-officers shall be
made by the PCG Commandant. Appointments of all non-uniformed personnel shall be in accordance with
the Civil Service laws, rules and regulations.

SEC. 13. Promotions. — The promotion of PCG officers, as submitted by the PCG Officers Selection and
Promotion Board, shall be recommended by the PCG Commandant for the approval of the Secretary of the
58
DOTC: Provided, That the promotion to the rank of Flag Officers in the PCG shall be submitted by a Board
of Senior Officers to the PCG Commandant for the approval of the President upon the recommendation of
the Secretary of the DOTC: Provided, further, That said officers shall possess all the qualifications and none
of the disqualification provided under pertinent laws, rules and regulations, specifically on the completion of
the required schooling, training and minimum time and grade for said ranks.

The PCG Commandant shall approve the promotion of PCG non-officers to the next higher rank based on
the recommendation of the PCG Selection and Promotion Board for Non-Officers: Provided, That special or
meritorious promotion shall be extended to any PCG non-officer for acts of inconspicuous courage or
outstanding achievement in the Coast Guard service as determined by the PCG Selection and Promotion
Board for Non-Officers. The promotion of non-uniformed employees shall be governed by Civil Service laws,
rules and regulations.

SEC. 14. Salaries and other Benefits. — The uniformed personnel of the PCG shall receive the same base
pay, longevity pay, hazard pay and other benefits and allowances as are now or hereafter may be
authorized for corresponding salary grades and ranks in the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) until
such time that a new law is enacted for the purpose. The salaries and allowances of the non-uniformed
employees of the PCG shall be in accordance with Civil Service laws, rules and regulations.

SEC. 15. Active Service. — For purposes of this Act, the active service of PCG personnel hereof shall refer
to services rendered as an officer, non-officer, probationary ensign, or those rendered as a civilian official or
employee in the PCG prior to the date of separation or retirement from the PCG: Provided, That the term
active service shall include confirmed services rendered as a civilian employee in the Philippine
government.

SEC. 16. Disciplinary Action. — The applicable and pertinent provisions of the AFP Military Justice System
shall be adopted in disciplinary cases against PCG officers and non-officers. The applicable rules,
regulations and guidelines promulgated by the Civil Service Commission shall govern cases against PCG
non-uniformed employees.

SEC. 17. Retirement. — Upon attaining fifty-six (56) years of age or upon accumulation of thirty (30) years
of continuous satisfactory active service, whichever comes later, a PCG officer or non-officer shall be
compulsorily retired: Provided, That said officer or non-officer shall have a minimum of twenty (20) years of
active service. The retirement of non-uniformed personnel shall be governed by Civil Service laws, rules and
regulations.

SEC. 18. Retirement Benefits. — Monthly retirement pay of officer and non-officers shall be fifty percent
(50%) of base pay and longevity pay of the next higher grade last held in case of twenty (20) years of active
service, increasing by two and one-half percent (2 ½%) for every year of service rendered beyond twenty
(20) years to a maximum of ninety percent (90%) for thirty-six (36) years of active service and over. The
retirement benefits of non-uniformed personnel shall be governed by Civil Service/Government Service
Insurance System Law.

SEC. 19. Separation from Service. — Officers and non-officers who voluntarily resign or otherwise fail to
comply with the standards of competence and proficiency of the PCG, shall be separated from the service
under existing laws, rules and regulations. The separation of non-uniformed personnel shall be in
accordance with Civil Service laws, rules and regulations.

SEC. 20. Collection of Revenues. — The PCG shall collect fees, dues, charges and fines relevant to the
exercise of its various functions.

SEC. 21. Rules and Regulations. — The Secretary of the DOTC shall issue rules and regulations,
determine, fix, and/or prescribe charges, rates, penalties pertinent, as may be necessary, to implement the
provisions of this Act, as well as the provision of acts, decrees and orders related to the implementation of

59
 the PCG functions.

SEC. 22. PCG Properties and Lighthouse Reservations. — The PCG shall continue to exercise exclusive
ownership, possession, control and supervision over all properties transferred to it by virtue of Executive
Order No. 475 dated 30 March 1998 and Executive Order No. 477 dated 15 April 1998, such as inter alia,
vessels, watercrafts, firearms, armaments, munitions, communications and electronic equipment, vehicles,
buildings, real estate and lighthouse reservations.

SEC. 23. Establishment and Expansion of Coast Guard Bases and Facilities. — In coordination with other
appropriate government agencies, the PCG shall develop and enhance its capabilities in the performance of
its mandated functions and establish its strategic presence.

SEC. 24. Appropriations. — The Secretary of the DOTC shall immediately prepare the necessary guidelines
to cover the establishment of the PCG as an attached agency to the DOTC, the initial funding of which shall
be charged against the current year's appropriations of the PCG and, thereafter, in the annual General
Appropriations Act.

SEC. 25. Transitory Provisions. — All previous appointments and promotions of PCG uniformed personnel
made prior to the enactment of this Act shall remain valid and subsisting.

SEC. 26. Separability Clause. — If for any reason, any provision of this Act is declared unconstitutional or
invalid, such parts not affected thereby shall remain in full force and effect.

SEC. 27. Repealing Clause. — All laws, decrees, executive orders, rules and regulations and other
issuances or parts thereof which are inconsistent with this Act are hereby repealed, amended or modified
accordingly.

SEC. 28. Effectivity. — This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in the Official
Gazette or in any two (2) newspapers of general circulation.

Approved,

(Sgd.) JUAN PONCE ENRILE (Sgd.) PROSPERO C. NOGRALES

President of Senate Speaker of the House of Representatives

This Act which is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 3389 and House Bill No. 5151 was finally passed by the Senate and House of
Representatives December 9, 2009 and December 8, 2009 on respectively.

(Sgd.) EMMA LIRIO-REYES (Sgd.) MARILYN B. BARUA-YAP

Secretary of Senate Secretary General House of Representatives

Approved: FEB 12 2010

(Sgd.) GLORIA MACAPAGAL - ARROYO

President of the Philippines

Qualifications for PCG Personnel

To apply to the Philippine Coast Guard as an officer or as enlisted personnel, a candidate must
possess these qualifications:

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 PCG Officer (Commissionship)

a) Preferably male, but female applicants are also welcomed

b) He or she must be a natural-born citizen of the Philippines.
c) Must have a Good Moral Character
d) He/she must be single.
e) Must be 21-28 years old on the date of examination
f) Minimum entry height of 5’0″ (for male and female)
g) Holder of a baccalaureate degree
h) With Professional Civil Service Eligibility (rating of 82% and above) or with PRC license
i) Physically and mentally qualified under the existing regulation for Coast Guard Services
j) Must pass the PCG Aptitude Battery Test or PCGABT for commissionship

PCG Non-Officer (Enlistment)

a) A natural-born citizen of the Philippines

b) Of good moral character
c) 18-26 years old on the day of examination
d) Single
e) Must be at least 5’0″ in height (for male and female)
f) College graduate or has earned at least 72 units in only one (1) course as reflected in the
Transcript of Records
g) Senior high school graduate provided that he/she has completed TESDA courses (6 months or
longer) relevant to PCG mandates as endorsed by the respective SECOMCAP
h) Has passed the PCG Aptitude Battery Test

For Enlistment applicants, the following are the TESDA courses to be considered:

a) Auto Engine Rebuilding, Automotive Servicing, Automotive Electrical Assembly

b) Automotive Mechanical Assembly, Automotive Wiring Harness Assembly Computer
Programming
c) Computer Technician
d) Computer System Servicing
e) Computer Hardware Servicing
f) Driving
g) Electrical Installation and Maintenance
h) Gas Metal Arc Welding
i) Marine Electricity

D. The Bureau of Immigration and Deportation

Legal Basis
a) Commonwealth Act No. 613 (August 26, 1940), or the Philippine Immigration Act of
1940, created the Bureau of Immigration as the Commission on Immigration and Deportation under the
Department of Justice (DOJ).
b) Executive Order No. 292 (July 25, 1987), the Administrative Code of 1987, retains the Bureau as an attached
agency of the DOJ.
c) Department Circular No. 39 (December 29, 1989) renamed the Commission on Immigration and Deportation to
Bureau of Immigration.

Mandate
The Bureau of Immigration (BI) enforces and administers alien admission and registration as well as
immigration and citizenship laws in accordance with the provisions of the Philippine Immigration Act of 1940, an Act
to Control and Regulate the Immigration of Aliens into the Philippines.

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 GENERAL FUNCTIONS

1. Act as the primary enforcement arm of the Department of Justice and the President of the Philippines in
ensuring that all foreigners within its territorial jurisdiction comply with existing laws.
2. Assist local and international law enforcement agencies in securing the tranquility of the state against
foreigners whose presence or stay may be deemed threats to national security, public safety, public morals and
public health.
3. Act as chief repository of all immigration records pertaining to entry, temporary sojourn, admission,
residence and departure of all foreigners in the country.

SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS

In the discharge of its broad functions, the Bureau through its Board of Commissioners, exercises
administrative and quasi-judicial powers to;

1. Regulates the entry (arrival), stay (sojourn), and exit (departure) of foreign nationals in the country.
Monitors the entry and exit of Filipino citizens, in compliance with Philippine laws and other legal procedures.
2. Issues immigration documents and identification certifications on the following visa categories:
 Non-immigrant Visas
 Immigrant Visas
 Special Non-immigrant Visas
3. Issues special permits in relation to the enforcement of immigration laws (e.g. Special Work Permit
(SWP), Provisional Permit to Work (PPW), Special Study Permit (SSP), re-entry permits , clearances, etc.)
4. Extends the stay of temporary visitors and implements applications of changes of statuses as provided
by law
5. Administrative determination of citizenship and related statuses.
6. Investigates, hears, decides, and executes orders pertaining to exclusion, deportation, and repatriation
of aliens.
7. Monitors and executes the implementation of the Bureau of Immigration Alert Lists (Watchlist, Blacklist,
Hold Departure Orders)
8. Cancels immigration documents upon violation of immigration laws and procedures.
9. Investigates, arrests, and detains foreigners in violation of immigration regulation and other Philippine
laws.
10. Accreditation of schools and learning institutions that can officially accept and enroll foreign students.
11. Accreditation of law firms, liaison officers, travel agencies, and other
individuals and organizations transacting with the Bureau of Immigration.

E. Airport Police Department (APD)

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 778 March 4, 1982

CREATING THE MANILA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY,

TRANSFERRING EXISTING ASSETS OF THE MANILA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TO THE AUTHORITY, AND
VESTING THE AUTHORITY WITH POWER TO ADMINISTER AND OPERATE THE MANILAINTERNATIONAL
AIRPORT

WHEREAS, the Manila International Airport as the principal airport of the Philippines for both international
and domestic air traffic, is required to provide standards of airport accommodation and service comparable with the
best airports in the world;

WHEREAS, domestic and other terminals, general aviation and other facilities, have to be upgraded to meet
the current and future air traffic and other demands of aviation in Metro Manila;
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 WHEREAS, a management and organization study has indicated that the objectives of providing high
standards of accommodation and service within the context of a financially viable operation, will best be achieved by
a separate and autonomous body;

WHEREAS, under Presidential Decree No. 1772, the President of the Philippines is given continuing
authority to reorganize the National Government, which authority includes the creation of new entities, agencies and
instrumentalities of the Government;

NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers
vested in me by the Constitution, and pursuant to the authority vested in me by Presidential Decree No. 1416, as
amended, do hereby order:

Sec. 1. Title. This Executive Order shall be known as the "Charter of the Manila International Airport Authority."

Sec. 2. Definitions. For the purpose of this Executive Order, the terms used herein shall have the following meaning:

(a) "AUTHORITY" shall mean the Manila International Airport Authority;

(b) "BOARD" shall mean the Board of Directors of the AUTHORITY appointed by the President under Section 7 of
this Executive Order;

(c) "AIRPORT" shall mean the new Manila International Airport, including the Manila Domestic Airport, and all its
installations, facilities and equipment, and such other airports as may, in the future, be constructed and, administered
by the AUTHORITY.

Sec. 3. Creation of the Manila International Airport Authority. There is hereby established a body corporate to be
known as the Manila International Airport Authority which shall be attached to the Ministry of Transportation &
Communications. The principal office of the AUTHORITY shall be located at the new Manila International Airport. The
AUTHORITY may have such branches, agencies or subsidiaries as it may deem proper and necessary.

Sec. 4. Purposes and Objectives. The AUTHORITY shall have the following purpose and objectives:

(a) To encourage and promote international and domestic air traffic in the Philippines as a means of (i) making the
Philippines a center of international trade and tourism, (ii) unifying the diverse ethnic groups throughout the Philippine
archipelago, and (iii) accelerating the development of the means of transportation and communications in the
country;

(b) To formulate internationally acceptable standards of airport accommodation and service; and

(c) To upgrade international and domestic air terminals as well as general aviation and other facilities.

Sec. 5. Functions, Powers and Duties. The AUTHORITY shall have the following functions, powers and duties:

(a) To formulate, in coordination with the Bureau of Air Transportation and other appropriate government agencies, a
comprehensive and integrated policy and program for the AIRPORT and other airports in the Philippines, subject to
the approval of the Minister of Transportation and Communications, and to implement, review and upgrade such
policy and program periodically;

(b) To control, supervise, construct, maintain, operate and provide such facilities or services as shall be necessary for
the efficient functioning of the AIRPORT;

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(c) To promulgate rules and regulations governing the planning, development, maintenance, operation and
improvement of the AIRPORT, and to control and supervise the construction of any structure or the rendition of any
service within the AIRPORT;

(d) To sue and be sued in its corporate name;

(e) To adopt and use a corporate seal;

(f) To succeed by its corporate name;

(g) To adopt its By-Laws, and to amend or repeal the same from time to time;

(h) To execute or enter into contracts of any kind or nature;

(i) To inquire, purchase, own, administer, lease, mortgage, sell or otherwise dispose of any land, building, airport
facility, or property of whatever kind and nature, whether movable or immovable, or any interest therein;

(j) To exercise the power of eminent domain in the pursuit of its purposes and objectives;

(k) To levy and collect dues, charges, fees or assessments for the use of the AIRPORT premises, works, appliances,
facilities or concessions, or for any service provided by the AUTHORITY, subject to the approval of the Minister of
Transportation & Communications in consultation with the Minister of Finance;

(l) To invest its idle funds, as it may deem proper, in government securities and other evidences of indebtedness;

(m) To provide services, whether on its own or otherwise, within the AIRPORT and the approaches thereof, which
shall include but shall not be limited to the following:

a) aircraft movement and allocation of parking areas of aircraft on the ground;

b) loading or unloading on aircraft;

c) passenger handling and other service directed towards the care, convenience and security of passengers,
visitors and other airport users; and

d) sorting, weighing, measuring, warehousing or handling of baggages and goods.

(n) To perform such other acts and transact such other business, directly or indirectly necessary, incidental or
conducive to the attainment of the purposes and objectives of the AUTHORITY, including the adoption of necessary
measures to remedy congestion in the AIRPORT; and

(o) To exercise all the powers of a corporation under the Corporation Law, insofar as these powers are not
inconsistent with the provisions of this Executive Order.

Sec. 6. Police Authority. The AUTHORITY shall have the power to exercise such police authority as may be
necessary within its premises or area of operation to carry out its functions and attain its purposes and objectives,
without prejudice to the exercise of functions within the same premises by the Ministry of National Defense through
the Aviation Security Command (AVSECOM) as provided in LOI 961; Provided, That the AUTHORITY may request
the assistance of law enforcement agencies, including request for deputization as may be required. Such police
authority shall be exercised in connection with the following, among others:

(a) Maintenance of security to passengers, cargoes, aircraft, airport equipment, structures, facilities, personnel, funds
and documents;

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(b) Regulating the entry to, exit from and movement within the AIRPORT;

(c) Maintenance of peace and order within the premises of the AUTHORITY in coordination with local police
authorities and other authorized peace-keeping entities within the AIRPORT;

(d) Regulation and supervision of private security agencies operating in the Airport; and

(e) Enforcement of rules and regulations promulgated by the Authority pursuant to law.

Sec. 7. Board of Directors. The corporate powers of the Authority shall be exercised by and vested in a Board of
seven (7) members, which shall be composed of a Chairman, a Vice-Chairman and five (5) members. The Minister of
Transportation and Communications shall be the ex officio Chairman of the Board. The General Manager of the
Authority shall be the ex officio Vice-Chairman of the Board. The Minister of Finance, Minister of Tourism, the
Presidential Executive Assistant, the Chief of Staff-Armed Forces of the Philippines, and the Commissioner of
Immigration and Deportation shall be ex officio members.

In the absence of the Chairman, the Vice-Chairman shall act as Chairman. The Chairman, the Vice-Chairman and
the Board members may designate their respective representative to attend Board Meetings in their absence. Such
representatives shall attend Board meeting and the meetings of any committee assigned to their principals, and
receive the corresponding per diems.

The Board shall meet regularly once a month and as often as the exigencies of the service demand. The presence of
at least four (4) members or their representatives shall constitute a quorum, and the vote of a majority of the
members of representatives present there being a quorum shall be necessary for the adoption of any rule, regulation,
resolution, decision or any other act of the Board.

The Members of the Board or their representatives shall receive per diems, as the Board may approve, for each
Board meeting actually attended by them: Provided, That such per diem shall not exceed ONE THOUSAND PESOS
(P1,000.00) during any one (1) month for each member or representative.

Sec. 8. Functions, Powers and Duties of the Board. Without prejudice to the powers vested in the Board by virtue of
the other Sections herein, the Board shall have the following functions, powers and duties:

(a) To define and approve the programs, plans, policies, procedures and guidelines of the Authority for the
development and operations of the Airport within the context of the over-all Government objectives, and to control the
management, operation and administration of the Authority;

(b) To recommend to the President of the Philippines for appointment, a General Manager of the Authority who shall
be the Chief Executive Officer of the Authority;

(c) To approve the Authority's organizational and administrative structure, staffing pattern, operating and capital
expenditures, and financial budgets, prepared in accordance with the corporate plan of the Authority, upon
recommendation of the General Manager;

(d) To approve salary ranges, benefits and other terms and conditions of service for all officers and employees of the
Authority, upon recommendation of the General Manager, which shall, as far as possible, be competitive with those
offered in the private sector, subject to existing laws, rules and regulations;

(e) To fix the rate dues, charges, fees or assessments for the use of the Airport premises, works, appliances,
facilities, concessions, services and other fees and charges related to the activities of the Airport, upon
recommendation of the General Manager; and

(f) Generally, to exercise all the functions and powers necessary or incidental to attain the purpose and objectives of
this Executive Order.

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Sec. 9. Functions, Powers and Duties of the General Manager. The General Manager shall be directly responsible to
the BOARD, and shall have the following functions, powers and duties:

(a) To direct and supervise the management, operation, and administration of the AUTHORITY so as to provide
international standards of service to airport users, and to ensure its financial stability in accordance with the
programs, plans, policies, procedures and guidelines of the BOARD;

(b) To undertake, researches, studies, investigations and other activities related to the present operations and future
development requirements of the AIRPORT, on his own initiative or upon instructions of the BOARD, and to submit
comprehensive reports and appropriate recommendations to the BOARD for its information and action;

(c) To appoint, transfer, suspend, remove or otherwise discipline any subordinate officer or employee of the
AUTHORITY, subject to the approval of the BOARD;

(d) To establish and maintain a system, in coordination with the appropriate government offices and agencies, for the
regular and prompt dissemination of financial, statistical and other relevant date within the AUTHORITY and to the
BOARD;

(e) Within the limits of the authority delegated to him by the BOARD, to execute contracts, incur obligations acquire
and dispose of assets, and deliver documents, on behalf of the AUTHORITY;

(f) To implement and enforce decisions, orders, rules and regulations issued, prescribed or adopted by the BOARD;

(g) To perform such other duties as the BOARD may delegate or assign, and such acts as may be necessary and
proper to implement this Executive Order.

Sec. 10. Capital. The capital of the AUTHORITY to be contributed by the National Government shall be TEN
BILLION PESOS (P10,000,000,000.00). The initial capital shall consist of:

(a) The value of fixed assets (Including airport facilities, runways and equipment) and such other properties, movable
and immovable, which may be contributed by the National Government or transferred by it from any of its agencies,
as valued on the date of such contribution or transfer after making due allowance for depreciation and other
deduction or taking into account the loans and other liabilities of the AUTHORITY at the time of the takeover.

(b) The value of such real estate owned and administered by the Manila International Airport;

(c) The value of the net current assets (including stocks and receivables less prepaid payables and accrued
expenses) and such cash amount as may be deemed as appropriate initial balance. Such initial cash amount as
approved by the President of the Philippines, shall be more or less equivalent to six (6) months working capital
requirements of the AUTHORITY, and shall be appropriated out of the funds of the National Treasury or the current
budget of the Bureau of Air Transportation.

Thereafter, the government contribution to the capital of the AUTHORITY shall be provided for in the General
Appropriations Act.

Sec. 11. Auditor. The Chairman of the Commission on Audit, shall be the ex officio Auditor of the AUTHORITY. For
this purpose, he may appoint a representative who shall be the auditor of the AUTHORITY, together with the
necessary personnel to assist said representative in the performance of his duties. The number and salaries of the
auditor and said personnel shall be determined by the Chairman of the Commission on Audit, subject to rules and
regulations of the Commission on Audit. Said salaries and all other expenses of maintaining the auditor's office shall
be paid by the AUTHORITY.

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The Auditor shall, as soon as practicable, but not later than three (3) months after the accounts have been submitted
to audit, send an annual report to the BOARD. The Auditor may also submit such periodic or special reports as the
BOARD may deem necessary.

Sec. 12. Legal Counsel. The Government Corporate Counsel shall be the Legal Counsel of the AUTHORITY. For the
performance of his duties and the services of the Legal Staff of the Office of the Government Corporate Counsel, the
BOARD shall appropriate, and the General Manager shall remit, such amount as shall be determined by the
Government Corporate Counsel.

Sec. 13. Annual Report. The BOARD shall submit to the President of the Philippines through the Ministry of
Transportation and Communications, together with the audit report on the relevant accounts, an annual report
generally dealing with the activities and operations of the AUTHORITY.

Sec. 14. Applicability of Civil Service Laws. The AUTHORITY AND ITS officials and employees shall be subject to
the Civil Service law and its rules and regulations.

Sec. 15. Borrowing Power. The AUTHORITY may, after consultation with the Central Bank of the Philippines and
Minister of Finance, with the approval of the President of the Philippines, as recommended by the Minister of
Transportation and Communications, raise funds, either from local or international sources, by way of loans, credits
or securities, and other borrowing instruments, with the power to create pledges, mortgages and other voluntary liens
or encumbrances on any of its assets or properties.

All loans contracted by the AUTHORITY under this Section, together with all interest and other sums payable in
respect thereof, shall constitute a charge upon all the revenues and assets of the AUTHORITY and shall rank equally
with one another, but shall have priority over any other claim or charge on the revenue and assets of the
AUTHORITY: Provided, That this provisions shall not be construed as a prohibition or restriction on the power of the
AUTHORITY to create pledges, mortgages and other voluntary liens or encumbrances on any of its assets or
property of the AUTHORITY.

Except as expressly authorized by the President of the Philippines, the total outstanding indebtedness of the
AUTHORITY in the principal amount, in local and foreign currency, shall not at any time exceed the net worth of the
AUTHORITY at any given time.

The Minister of Finance, may guarantee, in the name and on behalf of the Republic of the Philippines, the payment of
the loans or other indebtedness of the AUTHORITY up to the amount herein authorized, subject to the approval of
the President of the Philippines.

Sec. 16. Increase or Decrease of Rates. The AUTHORITY may increase or decrease the rates of the dues, charges,
fees or assessments collectible by the AUTHORITY to protect the interest of the Government and to provide a
satisfactory return on the AUTHORITY's assets, and may adjust the schedule of such rates so as to reflect the cost of
facilities or service provided or rendered. The AUTHORITY may periodically review all dues, charges, fees or
assessments collectible by the AUTHORITY, and shall make such adjustments to the schedule of rates as shall
adequately reflect any increase in price levels and (in the case of concession rentals) of volume of traffic through the
AIRPORT.

Sec. 17. Competitive Tender. The General Manager shall, as far as practicable, grant permits or concessions to trade
or business within the areas controlled by the AUTHORITY to the highest bidder after a competitive public bidding:
Provided, That the bidding requirements may be waived in the case of banks, branches of post office, Bureau of
Telecommunications and those who are engaged in airline operations.

The General Manager shall require such permittees or concessionaires to provide goods or services acceptable
under international standards and at such prices similar to goods or services in Metropolitan Manila or airports in
other countries: Provided, That such final awards of permits or concessions to successful bidders shall be subject to
the approval of the BOARD.

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Sec. 18. Tax Exemption. The AUTHORITY shall be exempt from the payment of corporate income taxes. The
AUTHORITY shall likewise be exempt from realty taxes imposed by the National Government or any of its political
subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities: Provided, That no tax exemption herein granted shall extend to any
subsidiary which may be organized by the AUTHORITY.

Sec. 19. Transfer of Existing Facilities and Intangible Assets. All existing public airport facilities, runways, lands,
buildings and other property, movable or immovable, belonging to the AIRPORT, and all assets, powers, rights,
interests and privileges belonging to the Bureau of Air Transportation relating to airport works or air operations,
including all equipment which are necessary for the operation of air navigation, air traffic control and crash fire and
rescue facilities, are hereby transferred to the AUTHORITY, subject to such terms as may be agreed upon by and
between the AUTHORITY and the Bureau of Air Transportation.

Sec. 20. Projects in Progress. All on going projects relating to the construction of airport facilities shall be continued
by the agency or agencies involved until completion. Thereafter, such projects shall be transferred to the
AUTHORITY, in accordance with agreement among agencies concerned. Any disagreement, relating to such
transfer, shall be submitted to the President of the Philippines for final decision.

Sec. 21. Transfer of Liabilities and Debts. Upon the transfer to and acceptance by the AUTHORITY of the existing
physical facilities, intangible assets and completed projects referred to in the preceding sections, all debts, liabilities,
and obligations of the Bureau of Air Transportation and other government agencies or entities concerned in respect
of such physical facilities, tangible assets and completed projects within the AIRPORT, shall likewise be assumed by
the AUTHORITY.

Sec. 22. Abolition of the Manila International Airport as a Division in the Bureau of Air Transportation and Transitory
Provisions. The Manila International Airport including the Manila Domestic Airport under the Bureau of Air
Transportation is hereby abolished.

The AIRPORT General Manager of the abolished Manila International Airport shall continue in office and shall
perform all powers and functions of the AUTHORITY until such time as a General Manager is appointed for the
smooth transfer of responsibility from the abolished entity to the AUTHORITY, as well as the determination of the
personnel to be retained: Provided, That, all officials and employees whose services are terminated shall, if not
eligible for retirement, be given gratuities equivalent to one (1) month's salary for every year of continuous
satisfactory service but not exceeding twelve (12) months on the basis of the highest salary received, in addition to
other benefits accorded to them by existing laws.

Sec. 23. Repealing Clause. All laws, executive orders, letters of instructions, rules and regulations, or provisions
thereof, which are inconsistent with the provisions of this Executive Order are hereby repealed, amended or modified
accordingly.

Sec. 24. Separability Clause. The provisions of this Executive Order are hereby declared separable. If any portion
thereof shall be held invalid or unconstitutional, such invalidity or unconstitutionality shall not affect the other
provisions which shall remain in full force and effect.

Sec. 25. Effectivity. This Executive Order shall take effect immediately.

Done in the City of Manila, Philippines, this 4th day of March in the year of Our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-
two.

Policed Authority Exercised by the MIAA (Executive Order No. 903, s. 1983)

SECTION 6. Police Authority. The Authority shall have the power to exercise such police authority as may
be necessary within its premises to carry out its functions and attain its purposes and objectives, without prejudice to

68
 the exercise of functions within the same premises by the Ministry of National Defense through the Aviation Security
Command (AVSECOM) as provided in LOI 961: Provided, That the Authority may request the assistance of law
enforcement agencies, including request for deputization as may be required. Such police authority shall be
exercised in connection with the following, among others:
(a) Maintenance of security to passengers, cargoes, aircraft, airport equipment, structures, facilities,
personnel, funds and documents;
(b) Regulating the entry to, exit from and movement within the Airport;
(c) Maintenance of peace and order within the premises of the Authority in coordination with local police
authorities and other authorized peace-keeping entities within the Airport;
(d) Regulation and supervision of private security agencies operating in the Airport; and
(e) Enforcement of rules and regulations promulgated by the Authority pursuant to law.

F. Port Police

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 The Philippine Ports Authority is a Government Owned and Controlled Corporation (GOCC) attached to the
Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC).

Organization-wise, the PPA set-up is influenced by the peculiar geography of the Philippines. This feature
determines the spread of PPA's infrastructure, the distribution of its human resources and all aspects of its
management systems.

PPA was created through Presidential Decree (PD) No. 505, otherwise known as the “Philippine Port
Authority Decree of 1974”, issued on July 11, 1974. Under the said PD, PPA is given general jurisdiction and control
over all persons, groups and entities that already existing or are still being proposed to be established within the
different port districts throughout the country.

Recognizing the need to integrate and coordinate port planning, development, control and operations at the
national level while at the same time promoting the growth of regional port bodies which may be more familiar with
the peculiarities and potentials of their respective localities, PD No. 857, or the “Revised Charter of the Philippine
Ports Authority”, was issued on November 16, 1978.

PD No. 857 expanded the concept of port administration not only to focus on revenue collection, harbor
maintenance, and cargo handling but also to include emphasis on the role of ports as key to spurring regional growth.

In 1978, PPA’s charter was further amended by Executive Order No. 513, granting police authority to the
PPA; creating a National Ports Advisory Council (NPAC) to strengthen cooperation between the government and the
private sector; and empowering the PPA to exact reasonable administrative fines for specific violations of its rules
and regulations. Other amendments were also introduced to further define the role of PPA.

"To establish, develop, regulate, manage and operate a rationalized national port system in support of trade
and national development"

Vision

By 2030, the Philippine Ports Authority, as part of an integrated transport and logistics system, shall have provided port facilities and
services at par with global best practices and a port regulatory environment conducive to national development.

Mission

Provide modern, sustainable, and resilient port infrastructures and facilities.

Provide responsive, reliable, and efficient port services.

Promote a regulatory framework that is transparent, fair, and relevant to the needs of all stakeholders in pursuit of a national port
development program.

As per Article II Section 2 of PD 857, the objectives of PPA in implementing an integrated program for the planning,
development, financing, and operation of ports or port districts for the entire country, are as follows:

1. Coordinate, streamline, improve and optimize the planning, development, construction, maintenance, and operations
of ports and its facilities;
2. Ensure the smooth flow of water-borne commerce passing through the country’s ports, whether public or private for
the conduct of domestic and international trade;
3. Promote regional development through the dispersal of industries and economic activities throughout the different
regions;

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 4. Foster better inter-island sea borne commerce and foreign trade;
5. Redirect and reorganize port administration to the broader function of total port district development, including the full
and efficient utilization of port’s hinterland and tributary areas; and
6. Ensure that all income and revenues accruing for the use of facilities and services provided by the Authority will be
adequate to defray the cost of providing such facilities and services, and that a reasonable return on the assets
employed by the Authority is realized.

In more concrete terms and as enshrined in its vision and mission statements, PPA aims for the following:

1. To enhance accessibility through seamless connectivity with other transport modes;

2. To provide facilities and equipment of internationally accepted standards;
3. To continually improve the delivery of port services;
4. To reduce client’s cost of business transaction in the ports;

5. To maximize benefits from the privatization scheme;

6. To be recognized for its own international best practices on its core processes (design, build, operate and maintain);
7. To integrate port community development and environmental protection measures in the development and operations of
the ports;
8. To simplify business transactions in the ports;
9. To contribute significantly to increased trade and tourism;
10. To become financially sufficient to support its development programs.
11. To raise employees’ competence to global standards; and
12. To nurture a positive work environment to improve employee productivity and satisfaction.

Functions

Based on Article IV Section 6 of its amended charter, the following are the corporate duties of PPA:

1. To formulate in coordination with the National Economic and Development Authority a comprehensive and practicable
Port Development for the State and to program its implementation, renew and update the same annually in coordination
with other national agencies;
2. To supervise, control, regulate, construct, maintain, operate, and provide such facilities or services as are necessary in
the ports vested in, or belonging to PPA;
3. To prescribe rules and regulation, procedures, and guidelines governing the establishment, construction, maintenance,
and operations of all other ports, including private ports in the country;
4. To license, control, regulate, supervise any construction or structure within any Port District;
5. To provides services (whether on its own, by contract, or otherwise) within the Port District and the approaches thereof,
including but not limited to berthing, towing, mooring, moving, slipping, or docking any vessel; loading or discharging any
vessel; and, sorting, weighing, measuring, warehousing, or otherwise, handling goods.
6. To exercise control of or administer any foreshore rights or leases which may be vested in PPA from time to time;
7. To coordinate with the Bureau of Lands or any other government agency or corporation, in the development of any
foreshore area;
8. To control, regulate and supervise pilotage and the conduct of pilots in any Port District;
9. To provide or assist in the provision of training programs and training facilities for its staff of port operators and users for
the efficient discharge of its functions, duties, and responsibilities; and,
10. To perform such acts or provide such services as may be deemed proper or necessary to carry out and implement the
provisions of the PD, including the adoption of necessary measures to remedy congestion in any government port, and in
coordination with the Bureau of Customs in the case of ports of entry (as amplified by Exec. Order No. 513).

Core Values

T ransparency
R eliability
I nnovation

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 P rofessionalism
S ustainability
S ocial Responsibility

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 857 December 23, 1975

PROVIDING FOR THE REORGANIZATION OF PORT ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATION FUNCTIONS IN THE
PHILIPPINES, REVISING PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 505 DATED JULY 11, 1974, CREATING THE PHILIPPINE
PORT AUTHORITY, BY SUBSTITUTION, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

WHEREAS, there is a recognized need to integrate and coordinate port planning, development, control and
operations at the national level, and at the same time promote the growth of regional port bodies responsive to the
needs of their individual localities;

WHEREAS, harbors and tributary areas have their own peculiar potentialities to be considered in port planning and
development;

WHEREAS, hitherto, the concept of port administration in this country has been focused on the traditional functions
of revenue collection, harbor maintenance and cargo handling, to the exclusion of the port's fuller utilization and
development as a spur for regional growth;

WHEREAS, Presidential Decree No. 505 was promulgated on July 11, 1974 to carry out these stated objectives; and

WHEREAS, it was found necessary in the national interest to amend Presidential Decree No. 505 so as to enable the
Philippine Port Authority to Exercise all the proper powers and functions of a port authority and in order to better carry
out the desired objectives:

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 513 November 16, 1978

REORGANIZING THE PHILIPPINE PORTS AUTHORITY

WHEREAS, it is the declared policy of the State to implement an integrated program for the planning, development,
financing and operation of ports or port districts for the entire country;

WHEREAS, to carry out and implement the foregoing policy, Presidential Decree No. 857 dated December 23, 1975,
otherwise known as the Revised Charter of the Philippine Ports Authority, was promulgated;

WHEREAS, there is a compelling need to reorganize the Philippine Ports Authority, in order to make it more
responsive to the requirements of optimum port utilization, development and operation;

WHEREAS, the Philippine Ports Authority has already completed the takeover of all the ports in the country, and is
fully operational as of January 1, 1978; and

WHEREAS, Presidential Decree No. 1416 grants continuing authority to the President of the Philippines to
reorganize the national government.

G. Bureau of Customs

Historical records show that the Philippine Customs Service started many centuries back
long before the Philippines was discovered by the eastern and western expeditionaries. The
Philippines had already a flourishing trade with countries of Southeast Asia, but since money at
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that time was not yet the medium of exchange, people then resorted to the barter system of commodities. The rulers of the
barangays were known as the “datus” or “rajahs” collected tributes from the people before they were allowed to engage in
their trade.

The Spanish Regime

Spanish Customs Law which was similar to that of the Indies enforced in the country from 1582 to 1828. It was a
concept of ad valorem levied on import and export. A Tariff Board was established which drew up a tariff of fixed values for all
imported articles on which ten percent (10%) ad valorem duty was uniformly collected. Another Tariff Law was introduced in
1891, which established the specific duties on all imports and on certain exports and this lasted till the end of the Spanish rule
in the Philippines.

The American Regime

When the Americans came to the Philippines, the Military Government continued to enforce the Spanish Tariff Code
of 1891, which remained in effect until the Philippine Commission enacted the Tariff Revision Law of 1901.

On October 24, 1900, the Philippine Commission passed Act No. 33 abolishing and changing the position of Captain
of the Port to Collector of Customs in all ports of entry except the Port of Manila. The designation of the Captain of the Port in
the Port of Manila was retained.

When the Civil Government was established in the Philippines, the most important laws passed by the Philippine
Commission were the following:

Tariff Revision Law of 1902 based on the theory that the laws of Spain were not as comprehensive as the American
Customs Laws to conform with the existing conditions of the country. Philippine Administrative Act No. 355 passed by the
Philippine Commission on February 6, 1902. The full implementation of this Act, however, was considered inadequate and
incomplete, so the Customs Service Act No. 355, called the Philippine Customs Service Act was passed to amend the
previous laws. After several modifications and amendments, the Philippine Customs Service finally became a practical
counterpart of the American Customs Service.

Act No. 357 reorganized the Philippine Customs Service and officially designated the Insular Collector of Customs as
Collector of Customs for the Port of Manila.
Act No. 625 abolished the Captain of the Port for the Port of Manila.
Public Act No. 430 transformed the Philippine Customs Service to a Bureau of Customs and Immigration under the
supervision and control of the Department of Finance and Justice. When the Department of Justice became a separate office
from the Department of Finance, the Customs Service remained under the umbrella of the latter which set-up remained up to
this time.

The Commonwealth Government

Commonwealth Act No. 613 forming the Bureau of Immigration as a separate office from the Bureau of Customs.

On May 1, 1947, the Bureau of Customs has as its head the Insular Collector of Customs. He was assisted by the
Deputy Insular Collector of Customs. Both officials were concurrently Collector of Customs and the Deputy Collector of
Customs of the Port of Manila.
The Republic Pursuant to the Executive Order No. 94 of Republic Act No. 52, the President of the Philippines
reorganized the different departments, bureaus, offices and agencies of the government of the Republic of the Philippines.
Consequently, the Insular Collector of Customs was changed to Collector of Customs for the Port of Manila. The
reorganization took effect on July 1, 1947.

In 1957, Congress enacted the Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines known as Republic Act No. 1937,
otherwise known as the “Tariff Law of the Republic of the Philippines”. This took effect on July 1, 1957. The passage of this
act by the defunct Congress of the Philippines subject to the provisions of the Laurel-Langley Agreement, became the first
official expression of an autonomous Philippine Tariff Policy.

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 Before the passage of Republic Act 1937, all importations from the United States enjoyed full exemptions pursuant to
the Tariff Act No. 1902 which was adopted by Republic Act No. 3 as the Tariff Laws of the Philippines.

The Republic
Pursuant to the Executive Order No. 94 of Republic Act No. 52, the President of the Philippines reorganized the
different departments, bureaus, offices and agencies of the government of the Republic of the Philippines. Consequently, the
Insular Collector of Customs was changed to Collector of Customs for the Port of Manila. The reorganization took effect on
July 1, 1947.

In 1957, Congress enacted the Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines known as Republic Act No. 1937,
otherwise known as the “Tariff Law of the Republic of the Philippines”. This took effect on July 1, 1957. The passage of this
act by the defunct Congress of the Philippines subject to the provisions of the Laurel-Langley Agreement, became the first
official expression of an autonomous Philippine Tariff Policy.

Before the passage of Republic Act 1937, all importations from the United States enjoyed full exemptions pursuant to
the Tariff Act No. 1902 which was adopted by Republic Act No. 3 as the Tariff Laws of the Philippines.

The Reorganization of the Bureau of Customs

On February 4, 1965, the Bureau of Customs was reorganized pursuant to Customs Administrative Order No. 4-65
by authority if Sec. 550 & 551 of the Revised Administrative Code of Republic Act 4164. During the reorganization, offices
under the direct supervision and control of the Commissioner were elevated to Department Level with ranks higher than
Division Level. These Departments were the following: Public Relations, Personnel, Legal, Administrative Service, Budget and
Finance, and the Management Improvement. Likewise, three (3) ranking Customs positions were created, namely: Assistant
Commissioner for Revenue, Assistant Commissioner for Security, and Director for Operations.

Later, Customs Administrative Order No. 4065 was amended abolishing the position of Assistant Commissioner for
Security and creating the position of Director for Administration.

In 1972, Congress passed the law revising the Tariff & Customs Code of the Philippines. However, before it can be
implemented, the President of the Republic of the Philippines issued Proclamation No. 1081 on September 21, 1972 declaring
Martial Law in the country.

On October 27, 1972, President Ferdinand E. Marcos signed Presidential Decree No. 34 amending the Tariff &
Customs Code of the Philippines. The new Code took effect on November 26, 1972 except for Section 104 thereof which
became effective only on January 1, 1973.

Another reorganization of the Bureau of Customs took effect on September 24, 1972, pursuant to Presidential
Decree No. 1 creating six (6) Customs Services under the Office of the Commissioner and creating jurisdictional limits of
twelve (12) collection districts with the Principal Ports and Sub-ports of entry under the supervision and control of the Collector
of the Principal Port of Entry.

As a result of this reorganization, the designation of heads of different services was called Customs Service Chiefs,
and heads of offices with rank of division were designated Customs Operations Chiefs and the Head of the National Customs
Police as Director. It was in this reorganizational set-up that the Directors for Administration and Operations, and the Assistant
Commissioner for Revenue were abolished.

In 1975, the Bureau undertook another reorganization under Presidential Decree No. 689 and the result is what you
see now in the Organization Chart, except for some slight changes and modifications.

On June 11, 1978, the Tariff & Customs Code was further amended, modified and supplemented by new positions to
make it a responsive code in keeping with the developmental programs of the New Society. The new Code was embodied in
Presidential Decree No. 1464.

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 With the accession of the Philippines to the Customs Co-Operation Council (CCC), the Tariff & Customs Code has to
be revised anew in order to align our tariff system with the CCC Nomenclature, and the result is the presently enforced Tariff &
Customs Code of 1982, revised by virtue of Executive Order No. 688. This new Code also assimilated various amendments to
the Customs Code under P.D. 1628 & 1980 as well as reprints of the tariff concessions under the General Agreement on Tariff
Multilateral Agreement Negotiations as provided in Executive Order No. 578, series of 1980, and the tariff concessions
granted to ASEAN member countries as embodied in various Executive Orders from 1978 to 1981.

The last major reorganization of the Bureau took place in 1986 after the EDSA Revolution with the issuance of
Executive Order No. 127 which expanded the organization umbrella of the Central Office by providing offices that will monitor
and coordinate assessment and operations of the Bureau and provided for a staff of about 5,500 customs personnel.

The implementation of the computerization program also necessitated the creation of a new Group to ensure its
continuous development and progress. The creation of the Management Information System and Technology Group (MISTG)
under a new Deputy Commissioner with 92 positions was authorized under Executive Order No. 463 dated January 9, 1998.

Customs Service and Smuggling in the Philippines

In the Philippines, a rudimentary customs administration was already in place even before the first recorded Mid-
Eastern and European expeditions arrived here. The country already had a flourishing trade with its Asian neighbors at that
time. But since money was not yet the medium of exchange then, people resorted to barter and direct trade of commodities.
Ruled by barangay leaders who were called “Datu” and “Rajah”, the Asian, Arab, Chinese and other European traders who
bartered their wares with the locals paid tributes to them to get their wares ashore and sell or barter with the locals. This was
the country’s earliest form of tariff in the 1500’s. Some merchants who found the tribute excessive resorted to every ruse and
subterfuge to avoid paying from unloading their wares in the cover of darkness to concealment and deception, they tried
everything to barter their wares without having to pay the usual tribute. Thus, started to country’s earliest form of smuggling
and thus were born the forerunners of today’s smugglers.

Organizing Customs Service

At the end of the Spanish rule and with the Americans replacing them, the Spanish Tariff Code of 1891 was initially
left untouched. Meanwhile, the volume of trade grew, but so did the problems of smuggling. In 1901, the Philippine
Commission enacted the Tariff Revision Law. In 1902, after a series of Customs Service Acts (CSA), Act No. 355, the
Philippine Customs Service Act, was passed. This was followed by Commonwealth Act No. 357 reorganizing the Philippine
Customs Service and designating the Insular Collector of Customs as Collector of Customs for the Port of Manila.
Commonwealth Act No. 625 abolished the Captain of the Port for the Port of Manila. And finally, Republic Act No. 430
transformed the Philippine Customs and Immigration under the supervision and control of the Department of Finance.

Starting the Customs Police

With smuggling beginning to hurt the government’s revenue collection efforts, and with the fact that customs
administration will not succeed without a strong Customs laws enforcement arm, the Customs police was established.

On February 6, 1902 the Harbor Police was established, making it the first BOC group specifically tasked with the
enforcement of customs laws. It was also at this time that the Philippines Customs Service was created.

The Harbor Police would be the BOC’s law enforcement group for 45 years, or until July 1, 1947, when the Harbor
Police was re-organized into the Customs Patrol Service under Executive Oder No. 94.

On August 15, 1957, 10 years after its first re-organization, the Customs Patrol Service would undergo another re-
organization with Customs Administrative Order (CAO) No.225 delimiting its power and duties, adding into its mandate
administrative and operational responsibilities. The Order also transferred the BOC’s Launch Service, which was in charge of
patrolling the seas, from the Collector of the Port of Manila to the Customs Patrol Service.

On February 28, 1958 the Customs Patrol Service went through another re-organization with the issuance of CAO
No.230 by then Customs Commissioner Eleuterio Caparas. The responsibility for patrolling the seas and safeguarding the
BOC’s properties was placed under the direct supervision and control of the Director for Security who was, in turn the Office of

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the Commissioner. However, those responsibilities could also be under the operational control of the Collector of the Port,
upon approval of the commissioner.

Two years after the 1958 re-organization, the various law enforcement agencies would be integrated under the Law
Enforcement Command (LEC) by virtue of CAO No. 248 issued on September 26, 1960. The various Customs groups namely,
the Central Investigation Office, Customs Security Division, Customs Patrol Service and Port Patrol Division including their
inherent functions, personnel and equipment were transferred to the LEC for the purpose of integration under a unified
command. The respective units were allowed to prepare their own standard operating procedures, rules and regulation. The
LEC, while responsible to the Collector of Customs operationally, was subject to the overall authority of the Customs
Commissioner.

On October 26, 1961, CAO No. 264, in relation to another CAO re-organizing the Office of the Commissioner,
designated a Deputy Collector for Customs for Security as the Commanding Office of the LEC which was composed of the
Water Patrol Division, Uniformed Division and the Intelligence Division. January 4, 1964 saw another movement in the LEC
when CAO No. 16-63 abolished the LEC’s Intelligence Division, replacing it with the Secret Service Division.

This division was formed to undertake surveillance work, conduct searches, seizures and arrest on piers and
wharves and other Customs premises.

On February 4, 1965, CAO No. 9-65 was issued creating the position of Assistant Commissioner for Security. This
was, however, abolished and changed to Director for Administration by virtue of CAO 1-671 which was issued on February 14,
1967.

During this time the Customs Police was known as the Customs Police Division.

To achieve enhanced coordination and effectiveness on the prevention of smuggling and maintenance of security,
peace and order in the Greater Manila Area, the Customs Police Division units at the North Harbor, South Harbor and the
Manila International Airport were integrated and placed under the direct supervision and control of the Customs Commissioner
and called the Customs Metropolitan Police Service by virtue of CAO No. 13-70 issued August 14, 1970.

With the success of the Customs Metropolitan Police Service, CAO no.2-76 was subsequently issued on January 7,
1976 integrating all Customs Police Units of the BOC’s various ports into one command called the National Customs Police.
Under the command of a Director who reported directly to the Customs Commissioner the National Customs Police gave birth
to a distinct and organized police command for the bureau.

In March 1987, the National Customs Police was re-named into the Enforcement and Security Service (ESS) under
Executive Order No. 127 which also directed the general reorganization of the bureau to make it more responsive to emerging
customs need and trends at that time.

The ESS would be composed of three divisions, namely: the Customs Police Division, Water Patrol Division and
Radio Communications Division.

The officers and men of the ESS were given additional training to prepare them for the challenge of maintaining
peace and security at the BOC, including the fight against smuggling.

Today, the ESS continues to secure our border protecting the country from anti-social goods while continuing to live
with its legacy to be the nemesis of smugglers.

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