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T. Smed G. Anderson 1990 Analysis of Power-Voltage Stability of HVDC Converters in Ac Systems
T. Smed G. Anderson 1990 Analysis of Power-Voltage Stability of HVDC Converters in Ac Systems
T Smed G Andersson
Royal I n s t i t u t e of Technology, Sweden
A b s t r a c t . In this paper, a new approach t o analyse where AQ is the injected, reactive power a t the inverter
power/voltage stability in ac/dc systems is developed. commutation bus. G Q is a vector of 5CrO.3, except for one
The method is based on power flows on a well-established unity element. G . is the Jacobian of G wrt x, i.e. the
'quasi steady-state' model and complex system configu- . state variables d V / d Q can then be found as one of the
rations can be analysed. In addition to traditional mea- elements of the vector
sures such as the effective short circuit ratio (ESCR)and
d V / d Q , the smallest singular value of the power flow Ja-
cobian is used and found to be a feasible measure of the
volt age s t ab&ty.
At the stability limit, dV/dQ becomes infinite, see [2].
INTRODUCTION This can only happen if G . is singular.
During the last years, the problems and phenomena re- Receiving System
lated with HUDC converters connected to weak ac sys-
tems have attracted a lot of attention and a substantial The system shown in Fig. 1 has previously been analysed
amount of research has been done in this field, see [l] and in e.g. [l] and [Z].
references therein for an overview of the subject. In or-
der to obtain a basic understanding of the power/voltage
stability and other interactions, a simplified model was
introduced and subsequently used by several authors [l].
A number of stability criteria based on quantities like the
effective short circuit ratio (ESCR), d P d / d I d and d V / d Q
-1
Id
-PdI -
VP
-
VI
5 2
CESCR
1
-1
-2
0 1 2 3 4
NOW when the importance of P . and Q. have been e s t a b where U is an n by n orthonormal matrix, V is an n by n
lished, it is obvious that d V , / d Q depends on the control orthonormal matrix, and C is an n by n diagonal matrix,
mode of the d.c. link. C = diag(o1, ...un), with ui 2 0 for all i. The numbers
u 2 ...un 2 0.
{ u i } are normally ordered such that U I 2 '
T h e following control modes are analyzed:
The minimum singular value un is the distance, measured
(i) constant current, current control in rectifier (I,) in matrix two-norm, between A and the nearest singular
(ii) constant power, current control in rectifier (P,) matrix, i.e. the matrix with det A = 0 including the effect
(i) constant current, current control in inverter ( I , )
of the sending end system.
(iv) constant power, current control in inverter ( P a )
It is illustrative to consider the singular value decom-
P. and Q. can now easily be calculated by the method
position of the Jacobian for the configuration shown in
of [3], a n d d V , / d Q can be calculated from eq. (2). In Fig. 4. Assume that the sending end system has a con-
figure 3 (dK/dQ)-' is plotted as function of ESCR for
stant ESCR = 6.0 and the receiving end system has an
t h e different control modes above. A large positive value
of (dK/dQ)-' indicates a stable system and a negative
ESCR = 3.0 in the first case and ESCR = 1.6 in the
second case. The data from the example above are used
value a n unstable system. A s m d l positive value indi-
and the P y control mode is assumed.
cates a voltage sensitive system close to the stability limit.
From figure 3 it can be concluded that current control in ESCFk3.O gives min(u) = 1.4040, while ESCFk1.6 gives
t h e inverter ia the most stable control mode. For current min(u) = 0.0840. It can be shown that for a small min(u),
control in the rectifier constant current control is the more IdV,/dQI is proportional to (min(u))-' and the sign equal
stable mode. to qn(uTv4).
397
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS